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Dietary supplement

Alpha Amino Prototype 216 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by MuscleTech

Alpha Amino Prototype 216 label
See full label image
Other (e.g. Tea Bag) Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Alpha Amino Prototype 216 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Alpha Amino Prototype 216 is a dietary supplement by MuscleTech with 3 active ingredients.Based on those ingredients, 580 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Alpha Amino Prototype 216 by MuscleTech

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Alpha Amino Prototype 216 by MuscleTech — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Alpha Amino Prototype 216 by MuscleTech

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 25 active ingredients.
  • “Alpha Amino Prototype 216” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (7,020 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “MyoExpand” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Chain Reaction” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Alpha Amino Prototype 216 contains 25 ingredients. The active amino acids are L-glutamine, L-leucine, L-arginine, L-alanine, L-isoleucine, L-methionine, L-lysine hydrochloride, taurine, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, L-valine, L-proline, L-ornithine hydrochloride, L-aspartic acid, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-threonine, L-cysteine hydrochloride anhydrous, L-lysine aspartate, L-arginine pyrolutamate, and inulin.

These amino acids support muscle protein, recovery, and energy metabolism. The product also contains inactive ingredients — cellulose, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, crospovidone, and other binding and flow agents.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: amino acid delivery and muscle protein synthesis.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Muscle recovery, Anabolic activity, Protein synthesis — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Ornithine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Tyrosine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.

The evidence for most of these amino acids is incomplete. L-glutamine is effective for sickle cell disease and possibly effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting, postoperative recovery, and critical illness.

L-tyrosine is effective for phenylketonuria (PKU) and possibly effective for cognitive function and memory. L-methionine is possibly effective for neural tube birth defects.

L-lysine is possibly effective for cold sores (herpes labialis). Taurine is possibly effective for hepatitis and congestive heart failure.

L-proline, L-ornithine, L-aspartic acid, L-histidine, and L-cysteine all have insufficient evidence or ratings we could not access for their intended uses in this product. L-phenylalanine is possibly ineffective for ADHD.

L-threonine is possibly ineffective for ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease). Inulin is possibly effective for obesity, constipation, and diabetes.

Overall, the evidence for amino acid blends in muscle support is not established in the data we hold.

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 11 of the 17 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 17 of 17.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 17 of 17.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

These amino acids are generally well tolerated at typical doses, though side effects do occur. L-glutamine and L-arginine commonly cause gastrointestinal upset — bloating, nausea, diarrhea, constipation.

L-glutamine may cause headache and dizziness, and rare cases of mania have been reported in people with bipolar disorder at high doses. L-arginine can lower blood pressure and cause insomnia and flushing.

L-phenylalanine causes anxiety, insomnia, constipation, heartburn, and nausea. L-tyrosine causes fatigue, headache, heartburn, and nausea.

L-lysine may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Taurine causes constipation, diarrhea, and dyspepsia, and rare hypersensitivity reactions have occurred in people with sulfa allergies.

Inulin causes bloating, gas, and digestive cramping, especially at high doses. Regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding: L-glutamine, L-methionine, taurine, and L-cysteine are rated likely safe.

L-phenylalanine is rated unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. L-tyrosine, L-proline, L-ornithine, L-aspartic acid, and L-threonine have insufficient information or mixed ratings — consult your doctor or pharmacist before use in pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Data on L-lysine and L-arginine safety during pregnancy and lactation are not on file.

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 11 of the 17 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lysine, Phenylalanine, Inosine, Calcium, L-arginine, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 580 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Double-check your medications against this product if you take levodopa (Parkinson's disease), MAOIs (mood/anxiety), blood pressure medications (especially ACE inhibitors and ARBs), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, potassium-sparing diuretics, diabetes medications, lithium, thyroid hormone, seizure medications (anticonvulsants), or sildenafil (Viagra). These are the drug types with documented Moderate or Major interactions.

If you take any of these, use the medication checker below before you start.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is an amino acid blend designed for muscle recovery and athletic support. If you take levodopa (for Parkinson's), MAOIs (older antidepressants), blood thinners, blood pressure or diabetes medications, lithium, thyroid hormone, or seizure medications, talk to your pharmacist before starting — this product has documented interactions with several of these drug classes.

If you have PKU (phenylketonuria), avoid L-phenylalanine supplements. If you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have kidney or liver disease, check with your doctor first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 18 of 25 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 23, 2011.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Alpha Amino Prototype 216, straight from the product label.

Brand MuscleTech
Net contents 120 Caplet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 23, 2011
DSLD ID 4212
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Other (e.g. Tea Bag)
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Alpha Amino Prototype 216 by MuscleTech, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
6 Caplet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
6 Caplet(s)
Servings per container
20
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Glutamine0 NP--
L-Leucine0 NP--
L-Arginine0 NP--
L-Alanine0 NP--
L-Isoleucine0 NP--
L-Methionine0 NP--
L-Lysine Hydrochloride0 NP--
Taurine0 NP--
L-Tyrosine0 NP--
L-Phenylalanine0 NP--
L-Valine0 NP--
L-Proline0 NP--
L-Ornithine Hydrochloride0 NP--
L-Aspartic Acid0 NP--
L-Histidine0 NP--
L-Glutamic Acid0 NP--
L-Threonine0 NP--
L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Anhydrous0 NP--
Alpha Amino Prototype 2167020 mg--
MyoExpand0 NP--
L-Lysine Aspartate0 NP--
L-Arginine Pyrolutamate0 NP--
Chain Reaction0 NP--
ErgoForce0 NP--
Inulin0 NP--
Inosine Anhydrous0 NP--
AKG0 NP--
L-Ornithine AKG0 NP--
Calcium Alpha-Keto-Isocaproate Dihydrate0 NP--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Coating, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium, Crospovidone, Acesulfame-Potassium

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

DIRECTIONS: Take 1 serving (6 caplets) of Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) 15 minutes before your workout with your favorite sports drink. Read the entire label before use and follow directions provided.

Precautions

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Do not use if pregnant or nursing.

CONTAINS SOY INGREDIENTS.

Do not use if packaging has been tampered with.

Do not use if you have had a myocardial infarction (heart attack). Discontinue use and consult a medical doctor if you experience unusual symptoms. Consult a medical doctor before use if you have been treated for or diagnosed with or have a family history of any medical condition, or if you are using any prescription or over-the-counter drug(s), including blood thinners. Consult a medical doctor before starting any diet or exercise program. Do not exceed recommended serving. Improper use of this product will not improve results and is not advised. Use only as directed.

WARNING: Not intended for use by persons under 18.

General Statements

Test Subjects Increased Key Marker of Protein Synthesis by 216%?,‡ University Test Subjects Increased Amino Acid Delivery Directly to Muscles by 647%?,? Triggers Anabolic Activity in Muscle?,‡ Engineered with a Lab-Tested Ratio of Powerful Amino Acids?,‡

UNIVERSITY TESTED & DOCUMENTED ANABOLIC RESULTS ‡In a university study in which data from six subjects were analyzed, the key amino acid matrix in Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) was shown to increase a marker of protein synthesis (phenylalanine) by 216% more than baseline in just one dose! ?

Research and development

NEW FORMULA

NEXT GENERATION SUPER-AMINO COMPLEX?

Patented Formula with Ultra Fast-Absorbing Amino Acids

SCIENTIFICALLY DEVELOPED BASED ON RESEARCH AT: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH

Brand IP Statement(s)

Featuring Micro-Dispersion Technology(TM) for Rapid Release

INCREASED AMINO ACID DELIVERY ?The same test subjects who consumed a key complex in the Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) formula before intense training increased blood amino acid delivery directly to muscles by 647% more than baseline!?

KEY AMINO ACID MATRIX DELIVERS AMINO ACIDS TO MUSCLES ‡In a third-party scientific study conducted at the University of Texas Medical Branch, the key amino acid matrix in Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) was shown to increase a marker of protein synthesis (phenylalanine) by 216% more than baseline. This is critical because protein synthesis is ultimately what leads to muscle growth. The researchers carefully studied six subjects and employed a very precise method of testing done by drawing and analyzing blood from these subjects 60 minutes after ingestion and immediately following intense exercise. Furthermore, elevated phenylalanine uptake was also observed by researchers from blood samples taken at the subsequent blood drawing an hour later, indicating muscle protein synthesis was still occuring at the cellular level.?

Made in the U.S.A. from international and domestic ingredients. (C) 2009. Protected by U.S. patent #5,719,119.

POWERED BY A SCIENTIFICALLY ADVANCED, CUTTING-EDGE AMINO ACID COMPLEX The Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) formula is protected by U.S. patent #5,719,119. The potent amino acids found in Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) include essential aminos, conditionally essential aminos, non-essential aminos and precision ratio branched chain aminos. This combination has resulted in what is unquestionably a scientifically advanced, super-amino complex.?

SCIENTIFICALLY ADVANCED NEXT-GENERATION SUPER-AMINO COMPLEX Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) is the result of a relentless quest by a team of researchers to develop a fast and powerful method of triggering anabolic activation. Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) is engineered with a cutting-edge combination and dosage of amino acids, in the precise amounts designed to increase free intracellular amino-acid levels in direct proportion to their respective requirements for protein synthesis.?

The MuscleTech(R) brand of supplements is America’s #1 selling sports supplement brand.

THE POWER OF ALPHA AMINO PROTOTYPE 216(TM) ?In the same scientific study, researchers discovered that test subjects who consumed a key complex in the Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) formula before intense training increased blood amino acid delivery directly to muscles by 647% more than baseline! These results were later published in the American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism. Featuring advanced Micro-Dispersion Technology for rapid release, Alpha Amino Prototype 216(TM) is a powerful, precision-engineered amino acid formula from Team MuscleTech researchers.?

Seals/Symbols

AMERICA'S #1 SELLING SPORTS SUPPLEMENT BRAND‡

FDA Disclaimer Statement

?These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Storage

Do not refrigerate.

Store in a cool, dry place (60°F to 80°F).

General

6386US

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Alpha Amino Prototype 216 by MuscleTech label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Alpha Amino Prototype 216 label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Alpha Amino Prototype 216 by MuscleTech

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size6 Caplet(s) Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Alpha Amino Prototype 216

7020 mg per serving
  • › MyoExpand
  • › Chain Reaction
  • › ErgoForce

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Coating, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium, Crospovidone, Acesulfame-Potassium. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Alpha Amino Prototype 216 by MuscleTech Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Alpha Amino Prototype 216?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
580Drugs
15 Major 555 Moderate 10 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Alpha Amino Prototype 216 interact with 580 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

0 of the 3 ingredients in Alpha Amino Prototype 216 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible.

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Alpha Amino Prototype 216 with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Alpha Amino Prototype 216, from the product label.

MuscleTech

See all MuscleTech products
Name
Iovate Health Sciences U.S.A. Inc.
Street Address
3880 Jeffery Blvd.
City
Blasdell
State
NY
ZipCode
14219
Phone Number
1-800-246-3261
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Alpha Amino Prototype 216 by MuscleTech: Common Questions

Does Alpha Amino Prototype 216 by MuscleTech interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Alpha Amino Prototype 216 has a known interaction with 580 medications, including 15 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Alpha Amino Prototype 216 contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Some amino acids here are rated likely safe in pregnancy — L-glutamine, L-methionine, taurine, and L-cysteine. L-phenylalanine is not safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding. For L-tyrosine, L-proline, L-ornithine, L-aspartic acid, L-threonine, L-arginine, and L-lysine, we don't have enough safety data. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice before you start.
What are the most common side effects?
Gastrointestinal upset is the most frequent issue — bloating, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and stomach pain. L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine can cause headache, fatigue, insomnia, and anxiety. Inulin in particular causes gas and bloating at higher doses. Most people tolerate these amino acids well at typical doses, but side effects are more likely if you take large amounts.
Is this product safe for someone with kidney or liver disease?
No — L-glutamine and L-arginine should only be used under medical supervision in people with kidney or liver disease. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have either condition before you take this product.
Does this work for muscle growth and athletic performance?
The data we hold shows mixed or incomplete evidence. L-ornithine is possibly effective for athletic performance, and inulin is possibly effective for weight and metabolic support. L-tyrosine, L-aspartic acid, and L-threonine have insufficient evidence for athletic performance. The amino acid blend's overall effectiveness for muscle building is not established in the data we hold.
Can I take this with my blood pressure medication?
Not without checking with your pharmacist first. L-arginine in this product (present in two forms) can lower blood pressure further when combined with antihypertensive drugs, ACE inhibitors, or ARBs — potentially causing dangerously low blood pressure. Use the medication checker on this page with your exact medication names.
What if I have PKU (phenylketonuria)?
Avoid this product. It contains L-phenylalanine, which people with PKU cannot safely metabolize. Talk to your doctor about alternatives.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Alpha Amino Prototype 216 is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Alpha Amino Prototype 216 label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Alpha Amino Prototype 216's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 247 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

L-arginine 66 references
  1. Sapienza MA, Kharitonov SA, Horvath I, et al. Effect of inhaled L-arginine on exhaled nitric oxide in normal and asthmatic subjects. Thorax 1998;53:172-5.
  2. Clarkson P, Adams MR, Powe AJ, et al. Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults. J Clin Invest 1996;97:1989-94. PubMed
  3. Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ, Motro M. L-arginine: Rediscovery in progress. Cardiology 1998;90:153-9.
  4. Brittenden J, Park KGM, Heys SD, et al. L-Arginine stimulates host defenses in patients with breast cancer. Surgery 1994;115:205-12.
  5. Korting GE, Smith SD, Wheeler MA, et al. A randomized double-blind trial of oral L-arginine for treatment of interstitial cystitis. J Urol 1999;161:558-65. DOI
  6. Rector TS, Bank AJ, Mullen KA, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of supplemental oral L-arginine in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1996;93:2135-41.
  7. Siani A, Pagano E, Iacone R, et al. Blood pressure and metabolic changes during dietary L-arginine supplementation in humans. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:547-51. PubMed
  8. Cheng JW, Balwin SN. L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:755-64. PubMed
  9. Wallace AW, Tom WL. Interaction of L-arginine and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in vasodilation of the porcine internal mammary artery. Anesth Analg 2000;90:840-6. DOI
  10. Huynh NT, Tayek JA. Oral arginine reduces systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: its potential role in nitric oxide generation. J Am Coll Nutr 2002;21:422-7.. PubMed
  11. Staff AC, Berge L, Haugen G, et al. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or placebo in women with pre-eclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004;83:103-7.
  12. Resnick DJ, Softness B, Murphy AR, et al. Case report of an anaphylactoid reaction to arginine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:67-8. PubMed
  13. Anon. Arginine hydrochloride injection (marketed as R-Gene 10). FDA Drug Safety Newsletter 2009;2(2):16-18. Available at: www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugSafetyNewsletter/default.htm.
  14. Higashi Y, Oshima T, Sasaki S, et. al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, but not calcium antagonism, improves a response of the renal vasculature to L-arginine in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1998 Jul;32(1):16-24.
  15. Facchinetti, F., Longo, M., Piccinini, F., Neri, I., and Volpe, A. L-arginine infusion reduces blood pressure in preeclamptic women through nitric oxide release. J Soc Gynecol.Investig. 1999;6(4):202-207. DOI
  16. de Gouw, H. W., Verbruggen, M. B., Twiss, I. M., and Sterk, P. J. Effect of oral L-arginine on airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in asthma. Thorax 1999;54(11):1033-1035. PubMed
  17. Komers, R., Komersova, K., Kazdova, L., Ruzickova, J., and Pelikanova, T. Effect of ACE inhibition and angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade on renal and blood pressure response to L-arginine in humans. J Hypertens. 2000;18(1):51-59. PubMed
  18. Cartledge, J. J., Davies, A. M., and Eardley, I. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of the efficacy of L-arginine in the treatment of interstitial cystitis. BJU.Int. 2000;85(4):421-426.
  19. Sozykin, A. V., Noeva, E. A., Balakhonova, T. V., Pogorelova, O. A., and Men'shikov, M. I. [Effect of L-arginine on platelet aggregation, endothelial function adn exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris]. Ter.Arkh. 2000;72(8):24-27.
  20. Nagaya, N., Uematsu, M., Oya, H., Sato, N., Sakamaki, F., Kyotani, S., Ueno, K., Nakanishi, N., Yamagishi, M., and Miyatake, K. Short-term oral administration of L-arginine improves hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with precapillary pulmona
  21. Stokes, G. S., Barin, E. S., Gilfillan, K. L., and Kaesemeyer, W. H. Interactions of L-arginine, isosorbide mononitrate, and angiotensin II inhibitors on arterial pulse wave. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16(9 Pt 1):719-724.
  22. Park, K. G., Heys, S. D., Blessing, K., Kelly, P., McNurlan, M. A., Eremin, O., and Garlick, P. J. Stimulation of human breast cancers by dietary L-arginine. Clin.Sci.(Lond) 1992;82(4):413-417.
  23. Palloshi, A., Fragasso, G., Piatti, P., Monti, L. D., Setola, E., Valsecchi, G., Galluccio, E., Chierchia, S. L., and Margonato, A. Effect of oral L-arginine on blood pressure and symptoms and endothelial function in patients with systemic hypertension,
  24. Schlaich, M. P., Ahlers, B. A., Parnell, M. M., and Kaye, D. M. beta-Adrenoceptor-mediated, nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilatation is abnormal in early hypertension: restoration by L-arginine. J Hypertens. 2004;22(10):1917-1925. PubMed
  25. Neri, I., Blasi, I., and Facchinetti, F. Effects of acute L-arginine infusion on non-stress test in hypertensive pregnant women. J Matern.Fetal Neonatal Med. 2004;16(1):23-26. PubMed
  26. Rytlewski, K., Olszanecki, R., Korbut, R., and Zdebski, Z. Effects of prolonged oral supplementation with l-arginine on blood pressure and nitric oxide synthesis in preeclampsia. Eur.J Clin.Invest 2005;35(1):32-37.
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Alpha-alanine 2 references
  1. Amino acids — MedlinePlus (NIH) Source
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Methionine 12 references
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Taurine 21 references
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Tyrosine 4 references
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Phenylalanine 23 references
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Proline 4 references
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Ornithine 1 reference
  1. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source

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Aspartic Acid 1 reference
  1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17226 DOI

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Histidine 3 references
  1. Histidine — MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Source
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Threonine 4 references
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L-cysteine 2 references
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Inulin 17 references
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See these in context on the Calcium monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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