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Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin found in a variety of foods, including meat, poultry, fish, and fortified grains. It plays a variety of roles in the body, including in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is also necessary for the production of energy in the body and in the synthesis of different hormones. Niacin deficiency is rare in developed countries, however, supplementation has been shown to have several positive benefits. For example, it can reduce the risk of diabetic neuropathy (i.e., nerve pain) and has been shown effective for treating some types of high cholesterol (extended-release niacin is used as a prescription drug in the United States for this purpose). There is a multitude of niacin forms available as dietary supplements, including NADH, niacinamide, and nicotinamide riboside, all with different properties.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin crucial for several bodily functions. It plays a pivotal role in the formation of red blood cells, aiding in the prevention of anemia. Vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining a healthy nervous system and proper brain function, as it is involved in the synthesis of myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibers. This vitamin is primarily found in animal-based foods such as meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs, making it important for vegetarians and vegans to consider supplementation. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to neurological issues, fatigue, and cognitive impairment.

Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a plant native to the Amazon rainforest in South America. The seeds of the guarana plant are used in traditional medicine and as a dietary supplement. Guarana is often marketed as a natural stimulant and is claimed to improve physical performance, increase energy and alertness, and reduce fatigue. It is sometimes added to energy drinks, weight loss supplements, and other products. Guarana seeds typically contain around 3-6% caffeine, although some extracts may contain far more. Guarana, when used in dietary supplements, is often standardized for its caffeine and tannin content.

Resveratrol is a natural compound found in certain plants, including grapes, berries, and peanuts. It has been the subject of numerous scientific studies due to its potential health benefits. Some research suggests that resveratrol may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. It may also have potential as a cancer-fighting agent and may help to improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

Acaí berries are a type of fruit native to the Amazon region of Brazil and grow on the açaí palm tree (Euterpe oleracea). Açaí berries are small, round, and dark purple in color and have a sweet, slightly earthy flavor. Açaí berries are rich in antioxidants, fiber, and heart-healthy fats. They are also a good source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium. Açaí berries are often marketed as a superfood due to their high antioxidant content, which may help to reduce inflammation and protect against certain diseases. Acai dietary supplements are consumed for their purported health effects and have been marketed to help improve energy levels, boost the immune system, and promote weight loss.