Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Breathe Free Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Organic India

Breathe Free label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Breathe Free against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Breathe Free is a dietary supplement by Organic India with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cough and bronchitis, asthma symptoms, loosening mucus (expectorant).Based on those ingredients, 1,038 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are organic Long Pepper, Pushkarmool, organic Krishna Tulsi. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Breathe Free by Organic India

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Breathe Free by Organic India — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Breathe Free by Organic India

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 16, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Breathe Free contains 4 active ingredients: Pushkarmool (Elecampane), organic Krishna Tulsi (Holy Basil), organic Bibhitaki, and organic Long Pepper. The product also includes vegetable cellulose as an inactive ingredient (the capsule material).

These are traditionally used herbs in Ayurvedic practice to support respiratory function, though the evidence for their effectiveness in Western medicine is limited for most of them.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: respiratory support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Asthma, Bronchitis, Cough, Common cold, Respiratory tract infections, Lung function — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Elecampane is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cough (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Indian Long Pepper is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Bronchitis, Asthma, Common cold, Cough.
  • Also on file: Holy Basil is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Asthma, Respiratory tract infections.

The evidence supporting these ingredients for respiratory health isn't established in the data we hold. Elecampane, Holy Basil, and Long Pepper have all been studied for conditions like cough, asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory concerns — but the research we have rates all of them as having insufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness.

No effectiveness data is on file for Bibhitaki.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Elecampane Holy Basil Indian Long Pepper

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Elecampane is generally used in small amounts and generally well tolerated, but can trigger allergic reactions and stomach upset in some people — especially anyone sensitive to the ragweed and daisy plant families. At high doses, it may cause vomiting, diarrhea, or muscle spasms.

Holy Basil extract appears generally well tolerated short-term in adults, though a small number of trial participants reported loose stools or nausea, and long-term safety data are limited. Indian Long Pepper is fine as a food spice, but concentrated supplements lack strong safety data, and its active compound piperine can significantly affect how your body absorbs other substances.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding: Elecampane is rated likely unsafe — the safety data advises against use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Holy Basil is rated possibly unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, so safety isn't established and you should talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Indian Long Pepper is traditionally discouraged at medicinal doses during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited study. No pregnancy or breastfeeding data is on file for Bibhitaki.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Elecampane Holy Basil Indian Long Pepper

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Elecampane, Indian Long Pepper, Holy Basil.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,039 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Breathe Free, double-check with your pharmacist if you're on blood thinners or diabetes medications (both Moderate risk). Also check if you take heart medications, asthma drugs like theophylline, sedatives or sleep aids, immunosuppressants like cyclosporine, or any medication processed by your liver — all carry Moderate interactions with ingredients in this product.

Altogether, these interactions span 1,039 individual medications, so use the checker on this page to look up your exact prescriptions.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Breathe Free is a traditional herbal blend, but its effectiveness for respiratory health isn't well proven and it interacts with many common medications — blood thinners, diabetes drugs, heart and asthma medicines, sedatives, and others. If you take any prescription medication, check it against the list on this page before you start.

Talk with your own doctor or pharmacist about whether this product fits your health situation, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or managing a chronic condition.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2015.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Breathe Free, straight from the product label.

Brand Organic India
Barcode (UPC) 851469000731
Net contents 90 Veg Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 25, 2015
DSLD ID 50095
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Halal, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Breathe Free by Organic India, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
90
UPC/BARCODE
851469000731
IngredientAmount% DV
Pushkarmool250 mg--
organic Krishna Tulsi30 mg--
organic Bibhitaki30 mg--
organic Long Pepper15 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA; This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General

USOI1403A

General Statements

Respiratory Support

made with sustainably grown herbs

Mfg.Lic.No.A-2755

Herbs grown without pesticides.

Product of India

Breathe Free supports respiratory tract health, increased lung capacity, & reduces stress. Breathe Free may help protect the lungs against oxidative stressors such as environmental irritants. Breathe Free helps support & maintain the normal function of the mucus membranes in the respiratory tract.*

Pictured on this label is The Holy Mountain Arunachala in South India. "Even the most learned scholar cannot estimate the Divine Power of Arunachala!" Sri Ramana Marharshi

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Seals/Symbols

NON GMO Project VERIFIED nongmoproject.org

HALAL MUMBAI INDIA HALAL COMMITTEE Registration No.0854

KOSHER OU

Formulation

CU Cert No. 801983 Herbs Certified Organic by Control Union

Safe for Vegans and Vegetarians

Gluten Free

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: 1 capsule once a day with food and water. Safe for long term use.

Precautions

Do not use if pregnant or nursing without consulting a physician.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Breathe Free by Organic India label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Breathe Free label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Breathe Free by Organic India

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Pushkarmool

Interacts with
248 drugs
250 mg per serving

Elecampane is a traditional herb used mainly for coughs and other respiratory complaints, and as a bitter for digestion. Modern human evidence is very...

Pushkarmool monograph & interactions

Organic Krishna Tulsi

Interacts with
212 drugs
30 mg per serving

Holy basil (tulsi) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb most often used today for stress and general wellness, but the human evidence is mostly small and p...

Organic Krishna Tulsi monograph & interactions

Organic Bibhitaki

30 mg per serving

Organic Long Pepper

Interacts with
896 drugs
15 mg per serving

Indian long pepper (pippali) is a spice long used in Ayurvedic medicine and is best known for its piperine content, which may increase how well the bo...

Organic Long Pepper monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Breathe Free by Organic India Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Breathe Free?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,038Drugs
1,035 Moderate 3 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

organic Long Pepper 896
Pushkarmool 248
organic Krishna Tulsi 212

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Breathe Free interact with 1,038 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Breathe Free interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. organic Long Pepper Pushkarmool organic Krishna Tulsi

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Breathe Free with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

organic Long Pepper14 drug types · 896 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that Indian long pepper extract inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, inhibits CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nevirapine (Viramune)

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
A small pharmacokinetic study shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases the plasma concentration and systemic exposure of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were associated with the elevated plasma levels of nevirapine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, can inhibit P-glycoprotein.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, can increase pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
A small pharmacokinetic study shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases phenytoin serum levels and slows its elimination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Propranolol (Inderal)

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
A small pharmacokinetic study shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, accelerates absorption and increases serum concentrations of propranolol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
A small pharmacokinetic study shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases serum concentrations and slows elimination of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of amoxicillin.
Evidence from animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases the plasma levels of amoxicillin when taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine.
A small pharmacokinetic study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, which is a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cefotaxime (Claforan)

Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of cefotaxime.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of Indian long pepper, increases the plasma levels of cefotaxime when taken concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Long Pepper full monograph & interactions

Pushkarmool1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, elecampane may cause additive sedative effects when taken with CNS depressants.
Elecampane might have sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pushkarmool full monograph & interactions

organic Krishna Tulsi3 drug types · 212 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research shows that holy basil seed oil can prolong bleeding time, possibly due to inhibition of platelet aggregation. However, it is not known if this occurs in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, holy basil might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Small clinical studies show that taking holy basil can decrease fasting blood glucose and other measures of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that holy basil seed oil increases pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time. However, it is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Krishna Tulsi full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Breathe Free, from the product label.

Organic India

See all Organic India products
Name
Organic India Pvt. Ltd.
Street Address
Plot No. 266, Faizabad Rd.
City
Kamta, P.O.Chinhat, Lucknow
State
U.P.
ZipCode
226028
Web Address
www.organicindia.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Breathe Free by Organic India: Common Questions

Does Breathe Free by Organic India interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Breathe Free has a known interaction with 1,038 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Breathe Free contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Elecampane is rated likely unsafe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Holy Basil and Indian Long Pepper are not well studied in pregnancy or breastfeeding, and traditionally discouraged at medicinal doses. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during this time.
Does this actually work for cough or breathing problems?
The evidence isn't established in the data we hold. All three main ingredients — Elecampane, Holy Basil, and Long Pepper — have been studied for cough, asthma, and bronchitis, but the research rates them all as having insufficient reliable evidence to say whether they work.
What side effects should I watch for?
Elecampane can cause allergic reactions and stomach upset, especially in people sensitive to ragweed or daisy family plants. Holy Basil may cause loose stools or nausea in some people. Indian Long Pepper is generally okay as a spice, but concentrated supplements don't have strong safety data behind them.
Is there anything else in this besides the four active ingredients?
Yes — the capsule itself is made of vegetable cellulose, which is an inactive ingredient. There are no other fillers or binders added.
Why does this interact with so many medications?
Indian Long Pepper contains piperine, a compound that changes how your liver processes drugs and how your gut absorbs them — it affects a broad category of medications (CYP3A4 substrates). Holy Basil and Elecampane each have their own specific interactions with blood thinners, diabetes drugs, and sedatives.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Breathe Free is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Breathe Free label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Breathe Free’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Elecampane

Interacts with 248 drugs

Elecampane is a traditional herb used mainly for coughs and other respiratory complaints, and as a bitter for digestion. Modern human evidence is very limited, so it should be seen as a folk...

Read the full Elecampane monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Holy Basil

Interacts with 212 drugs

Holy basil (tulsi) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb most often used today for stress and general wellness, but the human evidence is mostly small and preliminary. It is generally well tolerat...

Read the full Holy Basil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Indian Long Pepper

Interacts with 896 drugs

Indian long pepper (pippali) is a spice long used in Ayurvedic medicine and is best known for its piperine content, which may increase how well the body absorbs certain other substances. Mod...

Read the full Indian Long Pepper monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Breathe Free's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 25 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Elecampane 5 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  3. Lamminpaa A, Estlander T, Jolanki R, Kanerva L. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by decorative plants. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34:330-5. PubMed
  4. Pazzaglia, M., Venturo, N., Borda, G., and Tosti, A. Contact dermatitis due to a massage liniment containing Inula helenium extract. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(4):267.
  5. Aalto-Korte, K., Alanko, K., Kuuliala, O., and Jolanki, R. Late reactions in patch tests: a 4-year review from a clinic of occupational dermatology. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56(2):81-86. PubMed

See these in context on the Elecampane monograph →

Holy Basil 8 references
  1. Agrawal P, Rai V, Singh RB. Randomized placebo-controlled, single blind trial of holy basil leaves in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;34:406-9.
  2. Sakina MR, Dandiya PC, Hamdard ME, Hameed A. Preliminary psychopharmacological evaluation of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. J Ethnopharmacol 1990;28:143-50. PubMed
  3. Singh S, Rehan HM, Majumdar DK. Effect of Ocimum sanctum fixed oil on blood pressure, blood clotting time and pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;78:139-43. PubMed
  4. Mondal, S., Varma, S., Bamola, V. D., Naik, S. N., Mirdha, B. R., Padhi, M. M., Mehta, N., and Mahapatra, S. C. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial for immunomodulatory effects of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaf extract on healthy volunteers. J PubMed
  5. Agarwal, P. and Nagesh, L. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, Listerine and Tulsi extract mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcus mutans count of high school children--RCT. Contemp.Clin Trials 2011;32(6):802-808. PubMed
  6. Vohora, S. B., Garg, S. K., and Chaudhury, R. R. Antifertility screening of plants. 3. Effect of six indigenous plants on early pregnancy in albino rats. Indian J Med Res 1969;57(5):893-899.
  7. Khanna S, Gupta SR, Grover JK. Effect of long term feeding of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn) on reproductive performance of adult albino rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1986;24(5):302-4.
  8. Somasundaram G, Manimekalai K, Salwe KJ, Pandiamunian J. Evaluation of the antidiabetic effect of Ocimum sanctum in type 2 diabetes patients. Int J Life Sci Pharma Res 2012;2(3):75-81.

See these in context on the Holy Basil monograph →

Indian Long Pepper 12 references
  1. Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
  2. Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
  3. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
  4. Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
  5. Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391. PubMed
  6. Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
  7. Panda, S. and Kar, A. Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5'D activity in adult male mice. Horm.Metab Res. 2003;35(9):523-526. PubMed
  8. Hiwale, A. R., Dhuley, J. N., and Naik, S. R. Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2002;40(3):277-281.
  9. Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289. PubMed
  10. Sharma, P., Varma, M. V., Chawla, H. P., and Panchagnula, R. In situ and in vivo efficacy of peroral absorption enhancers in rats and correlation to in vitro mechanistic studies. Farmaco 2005;60(11-12):874-883. PubMed
  11. Zutshi, R. K., Singh, R., Zutshi, U., Johri, R. K., and Atal, C. K. Influence of piperine on rifampicin blood levels in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Assoc.Physicians India 1985;33(3):223-224.
  12. Yadav V, Krishnan A, Vohora D. A systematic review on Piper longum L.: Bridging traditional knowledge and pharmacological evidence for future translational research. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;247:112255. PubMed

See these in context on the Indian Long Pepper monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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