Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

CarnitALL Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Jarrow Formulas

CarnitALL label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking CarnitALL against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

CarnitALL is a dietary supplement by Jarrow Formulas with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for memory and cognitive support, nerve pain (neuropathy), energy and fatigue.Based on those ingredients, 375 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride, L-Carnitine Fumarate, Propionyl-L-Carnitine HCl. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against CarnitALL by Jarrow Formulas

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with CarnitALL by Jarrow Formulas — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of CarnitALL by Jarrow Formulas

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 8 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (200 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “L-Carnitine Fumarate” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (600 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Acetyl-L-Carnitine Taurinate Hydrochloride” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (200 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

CarnitALL contains eight active ingredients focused on energy production and heart and brain health. The main players are three forms of carnitine — L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and propionyl-L-carnitine — along with glycine, taurine, and arginine.

Carnitines help your cells convert fat into energy; the different forms are absorbed and used slightly differently. Glycine and taurine are amino acids your body makes naturally.

Arginine is another amino acid that supports circulation and immune function. The product also contains inactive ingredients — cellulose, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, and the capsule itself — which are binders and fillers that hold everything together.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: carnitine support for cardiac and mitochondrial function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Angina, Arrhythmia, Athletic performance, Atrial fibrillation, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Propionyl-l-carnitine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Angina (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Propionyl-l-carnitine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Congestive heart failure (CHF).
  • Also on file: Acetyl-l-carnitine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related cognitive decline, Diabetic neuropathy.

The evidence for what CarnitALL can do is mixed and mostly modest. Acetyl-L-carnitine is rated possibly effective for age-related memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and diabetic nerve pain.

L-carnitine shows possibly effective evidence for heart failure, angina, and high cholesterol, and is rated effective for actual L-carnitine deficiency (a rare condition). Propionyl-L-carnitine is possibly effective for heart failure, angina, and cardiovascular disease.

Taurine is possibly effective for hepatitis and heart failure, but possibly ineffective for weight loss. Glycine is possibly effective for schizophrenia when added to clozapine — though our interaction data warns it may worsen symptoms in some patients.

For the other conditions listed, the evidence isn't established in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Acetyl-l-carnitine L-carnitine Taurine Glycine Propionyl-l-carnitine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most of CarnitALL's ingredients are generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety data are limited or not fully established. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, dry mouth, and insomnia.

Some forms of carnitine can cause a fishy odor in urine, breath, and sweat. Rare side effects of glycine include mild sedation and memory impairment; rare side effects of taurine include hypersensitivity reactions in people with sulfa or sulfite allergies.

For pregnancy, the data we hold shows insufficient information for most ingredients — there isn't enough reliable information to know whether it's safe, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist. For breastfeeding, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine data advise against use, taurine is rated likely safe, L-carnitine is rated possibly safe, and glycine data advise caution.

We hold no pregnancy or breastfeeding data for arginine hydrochloride and fumaric acid.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Acetyl-l-carnitine L-carnitine Taurine Glycine Propionyl-l-carnitine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Propionyl-l-carnitine, Acetyl-l-carnitine, Taurine, L-carnitine, Glycine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 375 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take CarnitALL, double-check if you're on clozapine (Clozaril), blood thinners like warfarin or acenocoumarol, thyroid hormone replacement, serotonergic antidepressants or migraine drugs, blood pressure medications, or lithium. The carnitine ingredients and taurine have Moderate interactions with most of these drug types.

If you take any of these, run them through the interaction checker on this page or ask your pharmacist.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take clozapine, blood thinners, thyroid hormone, a serotonergic antidepressant, blood pressure medication, or lithium, you need to check with your pharmacist before starting this product. Otherwise, if you're interested in the energy or cognitive benefits, the carnitine forms and taurine are generally tolerated, though long-term safety isn't fully proven.

Talk to your pharmacist about whether it fits your health picture.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 25, 2019.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about CarnitALL, straight from the product label.

Brand Jarrow Formulas
Barcode (UPC) 790011020110
Net contents 90 Capsule(s)
Market status Off market
Date entered into DSLD Apr 25, 2019
DSLD ID 201206
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for CarnitALL by Jarrow Formulas, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
790011020110
IngredientAmount% DV
Glycine40 mg--
Acetyl-L-Carnitine110 mg--
Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCl90 mg--
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride200 mg--
Taurine68 mg--
L-Carnitine350 mg--
Arginine Hydrochloride80 mg--
L-Carnitine Fumarate600 mg--
Fumaric Acid250 mg--
Propionyl-L-Carnitine HCl140 mg--
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Taurinate Hydrochloride200 mg--
GlycoCarn-GPLC200 mg--

Other ingredients: Cellulose, Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Stearate, Capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Usage: Take 3 capsules per day or as directed by your qualified healthcare professional.

Precautions

Note: If you have a medical condition, or are taking medications, consult your healthcare professional before using this product.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Formula

CarnitALL is a full spectrum carnitine combination designed to impact various body tissues with the benefits of carnitine including the cardiac and skeletal muscles as well as mitochondrial function in brain, nerve, heart, liver and sperm cells, where various forms of L-Carnitine participate in metabolizing fatty acids into energy.

For Cardiovascular L-Carnitine Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate and Taurinate For Muscle GlycoCarn-GPLC

Brand IP Statement(s)

GlycoCarn, AminoCarn and L-Tauro ingredients are manufactured by Sigma-tau Industries, S.p.A. (Rome, Italy) and protected by U.S. Patents 6,703,042, 6,124,360 and EP1202956.

2017 Jarrow Formulas

AminoCarnitines Sigma-tau HealthScience, LLC

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

10317LCALL PROD # 102011

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

No wheat, gluten, soybeans, dairy, egg, fish/shellfish, or peanuts/tree nuts.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place. Do not refrigerate.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

CarnitALL by Jarrow Formulas label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

CarnitALL label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in CarnitALL by Jarrow Formulas

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride

Interacts with
203 drugs
200 mg per serving

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and mem...

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride monograph & interactions

L-Carnitine Fumarate

Interacts with
19 drugs
600 mg per serving

L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most...

L-Carnitine Fumarate monograph & interactions

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Taurinate Hydrochloride

Interacts with
203 drugs
200 mg per serving

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and mem...

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Taurinate Hydrochloride monograph & interactions

GlycoCarn-GPLC

200 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Stearate, Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

CarnitALL by Jarrow Formulas Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against CarnitALL?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
375Drugs
375 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride 203
L-Carnitine Fumarate 19
Propionyl-L-Carnitine HCl 19
Glycine 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in CarnitALL interact with 375 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in CarnitALL interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride L-Carnitine Fumarate Propionyl-L-Carnitine HCl Glycine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in CarnitALL with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride4 drug types · 203 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant that is similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation when L-carnitine was taken with acenocoumarol. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product. It is unclear if such an interaction would also occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders, when taken with serotonergic drugs.
Animal research shows that acetyl-L-carnitine can increase levels of serotonin in the brain.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is unclear if such an interaction would occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with acetyl-L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride full monograph & interactions

L-Carnitine Fumarate3 drug types · 19 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Carnitine Fumarate full monograph & interactions

Propionyl-L-Carnitine HCl3 drug types · 19 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, propionyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of propionyl-L-carnitine, might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation when L-carnitine was taken with acenocoumarol. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product. It is unclear if such an interaction would also occur with propionyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is unclear if such an interaction would occur with propionyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, propionyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of propionyl-L-carnitine, might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with propionyl-L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Propionyl-L-Carnitine HCl full monograph & interactions

Glycine1 drug type · 1 drug

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Theoretically, glycine might decrease the effectiveness of clozapine.
One small clinical study in patients with schizophrenia shows that adding glycine to clozapine therapy worsens symptoms of schizophrenia when compared with clozapine alone. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Glycine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for CarnitALL, from the product label.

Jarrow Formulas

See all Jarrow Formulas products
Name
Jarrow Formulas Superior Nutrition and Formulation
Street Address
P.O. Box 35994
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
ZipCode
90035-4317
Web Address
www.Jarrow.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

CarnitALL by Jarrow Formulas: Common Questions

Does CarnitALL by Jarrow Formulas interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, CarnitALL has a known interaction with 375 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
CarnitALL contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take CarnitALL if I'm pregnant?
The safety data we hold doesn't establish whether it's safe in pregnancy — there isn't enough reliable information. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice before you start.
Is it safe while I'm breastfeeding?
It depends on the ingredient. L-carnitine is rated possibly safe, and taurine is rated likely safe, but acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine should be avoided. We don't have safety data for arginine or fumaric acid. Check with your pharmacist or doctor for guidance specific to your situation.
What is acetyl-L-carnitine supposed to do?
Acetyl-L-carnitine is possibly effective for age-related memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and diabetic nerve pain. It's a form of carnitine that's absorbed differently and may cross into the brain more easily than regular L-carnitine.
Can CarnitALL help with weight loss?
Taurine, one of the ingredients, is rated possibly ineffective for weight loss according to our data. The carnitines have not been rated for weight loss in our data.
What side effects might I experience?
Common ones are nausea, diarrhea, headache, dry mouth, and insomnia. Some people report a fishy odor in their urine, breath, or sweat. Rare side effects include memory problems or mild sedation. Most side effects ease or go away if you stop taking it.
Does CarnitALL have any fillers?
Yes, it has inactive ingredients: cellulose, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, and the capsule. These are standard binders and fillers that help hold the active ingredients together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

CarnitALL label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind CarnitALL’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Acetyl-l-carnitine

Interacts with 203 drugs

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and memory-related conditions, though the evide...

Read the full Acetyl-l-carnitine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

L-carnitine

Interacts with 19 drugs

L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most clearly useful for people with a true ca...

Read the full L-carnitine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Taurine

Interacts with 173 drugs

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements, and short-term use appears generally sa...

Read the full Taurine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glycine

Interacts with 1 drug

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep quality, where early research is promisin...

Read the full Glycine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Propionyl-l-carnitine

Interacts with 19 drugs

Propionyl-l-carnitine is a form of the amino acid derivative carnitine that the body uses to help turn fat into energy, and it is studied mostly for circulation problems like peripheral arte...

Read the full Propionyl-l-carnitine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

CarnitALL's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 101 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glycine 5 references
  1. Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC, Ermilov M, et al. Efficacy of high-dose glycine in the treatment of enduring negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:29-36.. PubMed
  2. Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:145-7.. PubMed
  3. Gusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Dambinova SA, et al. Neuroprotective effects of glycine for therapy of acute ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10:49-60. PubMed
  4. Inagawa K, Kawai N, Ono K, Sukegawa E, Tsubuku S, Takahashi M. Assessment of acute adverse effects of glycine ingestion at a high dose in human volunteers. Seikatsu Eisei. 2006; 50:27-32.
  5. Woods SW, Walsh BC, Hawkins KA, Miller TJ, Saksa JR, D'Souza DC, Pearlson GD, Javitt DC, McGlashan TH, Krystal JH. Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Aug;23(8):931-40. PubMed

See these in context on the Glycine monograph →

Acetyl-l-carnitine 22 references
  1. Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, et al. A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1996;47:705-11. PubMed
  2. Sano M, Bell K, Cote L, et al. Double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1137-41. PubMed
  3. Spagnoli A, Lucca U, Menasce G, et al. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1991;41:1726-32. PubMed
  4. Brooks JO 3rd, Yesavage JA, Carta A, Bravi D. Acetyl L-carnitine slows decline in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach. Int Psychoger 1998;10:193-203. PubMed
  5. Pettegrew JW, Klunk WE, Panchalingam K, et al. Clinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1995;16:1-4. PubMed
  6. Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. Double-blind, placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Curr Med Res Opin 1990;11:638-47. PubMed
  7. Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
  8. Montgomery SA, Thal LJ, Amrein R. Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18:61-71.. PubMed
  9. Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
  10. Hudson S, Tabet N. Acetyl-L-carnitine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;2:CD003158.. PubMed
  11. Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:385. PubMed
  12. De Grandis D, Minardi C. Acetyl-L-carnitine (levacecarnine) in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. A long-term, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R D 2002;3:223-31. PubMed
  13. 12761 Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:158-67. PubMed
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  21. Bruno A, Pandolfo G, Crucitti M, Lorusso S, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MR. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Augmentation of Clozapine in Partial-Responder Schizophrenia: A 12-Week, Open-Label Uncontrolled Preliminary Study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2016;39(6):277-80. PubMed
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Taurine 21 references
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L-carnitine 41 references
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Propionyl-l-carnitine 12 references
  1. Cherchi A, Lai C, Onnis E, et al. Propionyl carnitine in stable effort angina. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1990;4:481-6. PubMed
  2. Bartels GL, Remme WJ, den Hartog FR, et al. Additional anti-ischemic effects of long-term L-propionylcarnitine in anginal patients treated with conventional antianginal therapy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1995;9:749-53.
  3. Caponnetto S, Canale C, Masperone MA, et al. Efficacy of L-propionylcarnitine treatment in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Eur Heart J 1994;15:1267-73. PubMed
  4. Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
  5. Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
  6. Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:385. PubMed
  7. Gentile V, Vicini P, Prigiotti G, et al. Preliminary observations on the use of propionyl-L-carnitine in combination with sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction and diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:1377-84. PubMed
  8. 12761 Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:158-67. PubMed
  9. Brass EP, Koster D, Hiatt WR, Amato A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of propionyl-L-carnitine effects on exercise performance in patients with claudication. Vasc Med 2013;18:3-12.
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  11. Jacobs PL, Goldstein ER, Blackburn W, et al. Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine produces enhanced anaerobic work capacity with reduced lactate accumulation in resistance trained males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2009;6:9. PubMed
  12. Jacobs PL, Goldstein ER. Long-term glycine propionyl-l-carnitine supplementation and paradoxical effects on repeated anaerobic sprint performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010;7:35.

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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