Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Chimaphila Combination #1 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Genestra Brands

Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Chimaphila Combination #1 is a dietary supplement by Genestra Brands with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for urinary tract support, diuretic (increasing urine flow), mild inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 1,207 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract, Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract, Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This liquid contains 5 active herbal extracts: pipsissewa (from aerial parts), uva-ursi leaf, echinacea (from the root), mallow (from aerial parts), and wild carrot (from aerial parts). Each is traditionally used for urinary or immune support, though modern evidence for most of them is limited.

The product also contains purified water and ethanol as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Leans against
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Leans against

The strongest graded evidence we hold for the stated purpose leans against a benefit.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Immune support and urinary tract health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Influenza, Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), Urinary tract infections (UTIs), Cough, Tonsillitis, Bronchitis — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Uva Ursi is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Mallow is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cough.
  • Also on file: Uva Ursi is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Bronchitis.

The evidence for what this combination actually does is sparse. Uva-ursi is rated possibly ineffective for urinary tract infections and has insufficient evidence for bronchitis or prostate health.

Echinacea, mallow, and wild carrot all carry ratings of insufficient reliable evidence for the conditions they're traditionally used for—ranging from anxiety and athletic performance (echinacea) to constipation and cough (mallow) to polycystic ovary syndrome (wild carrot). Pipsissewa's effectiveness hasn't been formally rated in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Pipsissewa Uva Ursi Echinacea Mallow Wild Carrot

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Short-term use of these herbs is generally tolerated, but there are cautions. Uva-ursi can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach upset; at very high doses (20 grams of dried herb or more), it may cause serious toxicity including convulsions and delirium.

Chronic use of both uva-ursi and pipsissewa can lead to hydroquinone toxicity, with symptoms including tinnitus, vomiting, delirium, convulsions, and collapse. Echinacea may cause allergic reactions (especially in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants), and rare cases of hepatitis have been reported.

Mallow and wild carrot are generally well tolerated but may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and indigestion. Regarding pregnancy: pipsissewa, uva-ursi, mallow, and wild carrot should be avoided—uva-ursi and wild carrot are likely unsafe, and the others lack enough safety data.

Echinacea is rated possibly safe, but safety information is limited. For breastfeeding, none of these ingredients have reliable safety information, so avoidance is advised unless your doctor approves.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Pipsissewa Uva Ursi Echinacea Mallow Wild Carrot

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Uva Ursi, Wild Carrot, Echinacea.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,208 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check if you're on lithium (uva-ursi and wild carrot may raise levels—Moderate severity), blood pressure medications (wild carrot, Moderate), hormone therapies including estrogen or birth control (wild carrot, Moderate), immunosuppressants (echinacea, Moderate), or drugs metabolized by your liver's CYP2C19, CYP3A4, or CYP1A2 enzymes. Also watch for photosensitizing antibiotics like tetracyclines or quinolones (wild carrot may increase sensitivity, Moderate).

Minor interactions exist with blood thinners, HIV drugs, and P-glycoprotein-transported medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with graded evidence leaning against its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a traditional herbal combination for urinary and immune support, but the modern evidence supporting it is thin, and several ingredients carry real risks—especially with medications affecting lithium levels, your liver's drug-processing enzymes, and hormonal therapies. If you take any prescription medication, run it through the interaction checker before starting.

Talk to your pharmacist, particularly if you're on lithium, blood pressure drugs, birth control, or any enzyme-dependent medication.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Chimaphila Combination #1, straight from the product label.

Brand Genestra Brands
Barcode (UPC) 88319614000
Net contents 2 fl. Oz.; 60 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 23, 2016
DSLD ID 56444
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.75 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
0.75 mL
Servings per container
80
UPC/BARCODE
88319614000
IngredientAmount% DV
Pipsissewa (Chimaphila umbellata) aerial parts extract0.26 mL--
Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract0.17 mL--
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract0.11 mL--
Mallow (Malva neglecta) aerial parts extract0.11 mL--
Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract0.11 mL--

Other ingredients: purified Water, Ethanol

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended Adult Dose: Take 15 drops three to five times daily, thirty minutes before meals, or as recommended by your healthcare practitioner.

Precautions

Risk Information: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding; if you have heart disease, high or low blood pressure, kidney or liver disorder, diabetes or edema; if you are taking products containing diuretics; or if you are allergic or sensitive to birch, mugwort, celery and plants of the Asteraceae/Compositae/Daisy family, do not use.

Risk Information: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding; if you have heart disease, high or low blood pressure, kidney or liver disorder, diabetes or edema; if you are taking products containing diuretics; or if you are allergic or sensitive to birch, mugwort, celery and plants of the Asteraceae/Compositae/Daisy family, do not use.

Stop use and seek medical attention immediately if you experience dizziness, confusion, muscle weakness or pain, abnormal heartbeat and/or difficulty breathing. Hypersensitivity to echinacea has been known to occur; in which case, discontinue use. Avoid direct sunlight when using this product.

Quality Assurance: Safety-sealed for your protection and for product freshness. Do not use if outer seal is missing or broken.

Formulation

Guaranteed to contain no added starch, soy, sodium, sugar, artificial coloring or flavoring, dairy or animal products.

Ideal for vegans.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

General

V1.0 716

FDA Statement of Identity

HERBAL SUPPLEMENT

Seals/Symbols

Seroyal

See for yourself

Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.75 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container80 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

0.26 mL per serving

Pipsissewa is a North American forest herb with a long history of traditional use as a diuretic and urinary remedy, but modern human research is very...

Pipsissewa (Chimaphila umbellata) aerial parts extract monograph & interactions
0.17 mL per serving

Uva ursi is a traditional herb used mainly for urinary tract infections, and its leaves contain a compound called arbutin that may have antimicrobial...

Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract monograph & interactions
0.11 mL per serving

Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at bes...

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract monograph & interactions
0.11 mL per serving

Mallow (Malva sylvestris) is a traditional herb valued for its soothing, mucilage-rich leaves and flowers, used mostly for sore throat, cough, and min...

Mallow (Malva neglecta) aerial parts extract monograph & interactions
0.11 mL per serving

Wild carrot is a traditional herb (the wild ancestor of the garden carrot) used mostly for urinary, digestive, and menstrual complaints. High-quality...

Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Purified Water, Ethanol. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Chimaphila Combination #1?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

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1,207Drugs
1,167 Moderate 40 Minor

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Chimaphila Combination #1 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract12 drug types · 816 drugs

Caffeine

Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine by around 30%. This is likely due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) by echinacea.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Echinacea appears to inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes in humans. Additionally, echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate, by around 30%. Theoretically, echinacea might increase levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Several clinical trials have shown that taking echinacea for up to one month does not significantly affect the metabolism of various CYP3A4 substrates, including midazolam, docetaxel, etravirine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and darunavir-ritonavir. However, other clinical research shows that echinacea may increase the clearance of midazolam, suggesting that echinacea might induce CYP3A4. The discrepancy is thought to be due to differing effects of echinacea on intestinal versus hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Echinacea appears to induce hepatic CYP3A4 but inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. In some cases, these effects might cancel each other out, but in others, drug levels may be increased or decreased depending on the level of effect at hepatic and intestinal sites. The effect of echinacea on CYP3A4 activity may differ depending on the CYP3A4 substrate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Etoposide (Vepesid)

Echinacea may increase levels of etoposide.
In one report, concomitant use of etoposide and echinacea was associated with more severe thrombocytopenia than the use of etoposide alone, suggesting inhibition of etoposide metabolism. Etoposide is a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but some studies have reported inhibition of the enzyme.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy because of its immunostimulant activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Darunavir (Prezista)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of darunavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Darunavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but administration of an E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg four times daily for 14 days did not affect darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in 15 HIV-infected patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Dayquil Severe

Echinacea is reported to have varying effects on a number of Cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes in the liver, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which play a role in acetaminophen and dextromethorphan metabolism (both contained in DayQuil Severe), respectively. Studies have reported both enzyme inhibition and induction, making it difficult to predict clinically significant drug interactions with reliability. Specific drug interaction studies reporting definitive results are rare, and potential drug interactions involving echinacea should likely be taken on a case-by-case basis. Based on what we know about how acetaminophen and dextromethorphan are metabolized, the risk of a clinically significant interaction between echinacea and DayQuil Severe is low.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence A
Docetaxel (Taxotere)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of docetaxel; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea whole plant extract (Echinaforce, A. Vogel Biopharma AG) 20 drops three times daily for 2 weeks did not alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in one clinical study.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Etravirine (Intelence)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of etravirine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Etravirine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of etravirine in HIV-infected patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of lopinavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Lopinavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea (Echinamide, Natural Factors Nutritional Products, Inc.) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, echinacea may increase the metabolism of intravenous midazolam.
Echinacea induces hepatic CYP3A4 and might decrease plasma levels of midazolam by about 20%, reducing the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea also appears to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, which could theoretically increase the bioavailability of oral midazolam. This may cancel out the decrease in availability caused by induction of hepatic CYP3A4, such that overall plasma levels after oral administration of midazolam are not affected by echinacea.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Echinacea seems to increase the clearance of warfarin, although the effect may not be clinically significant.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy male volunteers suggests that taking echinacea increases the clearance of the active S-isomer of warfarin after a single dose of warfarin, but there was not a clinically significant effect on the INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract6 drug types · 803 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit cytochrome CYP2C19. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit CYP3A4. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Glucuronidated Drugs

Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
In vitro, uva ursi extract appears to strongly inhibit UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1). However, uva ursi extract does not appear to inhibit UGT1A1 in animal models. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, uva ursi may increase lithium levels, necessitating a decrease in dose.
Uva ursi may have diuretic properties. Diuretics may increase lithium reabsorption with sodium in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Theoretically, uva ursi might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Urinary Acidifying Agents

Effects of uva ursi in the urinary tract may be reduced by urinary acidifying agents.
Uva ursi seems to work best in alkaline urine. Theoretically, taking uva ursi with medications known to acidify the urine may decrease any effects of uva ursi on the urinary tract.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract4 drug types · 475 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, excessive doses of wild carrot seed oil might interfere with antihypertensive therapy due to cardiotonic effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, excessive use of the above ground parts of wild carrot might interfere with hormonal therapy due to estrogenic effects of wild carrot.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Wild carrot is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, wild carrot might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use might result in increased photosensitivity. Some drugs that cause photosensitivity include amitriptyline (Elavil), quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, others), sulfa drugs (Septra, Bactrim, others), and tetracycline.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Chimaphila Combination #1, from the product label.

Genestra Brands

Name
Seroyal USA
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
ZipCode
15275
Phone Number
1-888-737-6925
Web Address
seroyal.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands: Common Questions

Does Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Chimaphila Combination #1 has a known interaction with 1,207 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Chimaphila Combination #1 contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while pregnant?
No. Uva-ursi and wild carrot are likely unsafe in pregnancy—wild carrot is traditionally used to stimulate the uterus. Pipsissewa and mallow lack enough safety data to recommend use. Echinacea is rated possibly safe, but there's limited evidence. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before use.
Is it safe to breastfeed while taking this?
The safety information for all five ingredients while breastfeeding is either lacking or advises against it. There isn't enough data to say it's okay. Check with your pharmacist or doctor for guidance specific to your situation.
What are the main side effects I might notice?
The most common are gastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach upset—especially from uva-ursi and mallow. Echinacea rarely causes allergic reactions, and wild carrot can increase your skin's sensitivity to sunlight. Chronic use of uva-ursi or pipsissewa may cause more serious toxicity.
Does this actually work for urinary tract infections?
Uva-ursi, one of the main ingredients, is rated possibly ineffective for UTIs based on the evidence we hold. The other ingredients lack sufficient data to say whether they help. Talk to your doctor if you have a UTI—you may need a proven treatment.
Why does the label say to avoid this during pregnancy if echinacea is possibly safe?
Because three of the five ingredients should be avoided or lack safety data. Uva-ursi is likely unsafe and may stimulate the uterus; wild carrot is also likely unsafe for the same reason; and pipsissewa and mallow don't have enough information. The safest approach is to skip it during pregnancy.
Can I take this long-term?
Not safely. Chronic use of uva-ursi and pipsissewa can cause hydroquinone toxicity—a serious condition with symptoms like convulsions, delirium, and vomiting. These ingredients are meant for short-term use. If you need this for a long time, talk to your pharmacist about safer options.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Chimaphila Combination #1 label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Chimaphila Combination #1’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Chimaphila Combination #1's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 64 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Pipsissewa 1 reference
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

See these in context on the Pipsissewa monograph →

Uva Ursi 8 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. Terry C. Telger, transl. 3rd ed. Berlin, GER: Springer, 1998.
  3. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  4. Wang L, Del Priore LV. Bull's-eye maculopathy secondary to herbal toxicity from uva ursi. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:1135-7. PubMed
  5. Beaux, D., Fleurentin, J., and Mortier, F. Effect of extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, Hieracium pilosella L., Sambucus nigra L. and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. in rats. Phytother.Res 1999;13(3):222-225.
  6. de Arriba SG, Naser B, Nolte KU. Risk assessment of free hydroquinone derived from Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi folium herbal preparations. Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(6):442-453.
  7. Park JB, Kim D, Min JS, et al. Identification and characterization of in vitro inhibitors against UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 in uva-ursi extracts and evaluation of in vivo uva-ursi-drug interactions. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;120:651-661. PubMed
  8. Chauhan B, Yu C, Krantis A, et al. In vitro activity of uva-ursi against cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and P-glycoprotein. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;85(11):1099-107.

See these in context on the Uva Ursi monograph →

Echinacea 51 references
  1. Mullins RJ. Echinacea-associated anaphylaxis. Med J Aust 1998;168:170-1. PubMed
  2. Mullins RJ. Allergic reactions to Echinacea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;104:S340-341 (Abstract 1003).
  3. Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Echinacea. Hosp Pharm 1998;33:180-8.
  4. Grimm W, Muller HH. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections. Am J Med 1999;106:138-43. PubMed
  5. Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, et al. Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2824-30.. PubMed
  6. Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, et al. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:669-75. PubMed
  7. Stimpel M, Proksch A, Wagner H, et al. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun 1984;46:845-9. PubMed
  8. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  9. Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: A prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3. PubMed
  10. Soon SL, Crawford RI. Recurrent erythema nodosum associated with echinacea herbal therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:298-9. PubMed
  11. Mullins RJ, Heddle R. Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:42-51. PubMed
  12. Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren's syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9.
  13. Schulten B, Bulitta M, Ballering-Bruhl B, et al. Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51:563-8.. PubMed
  14. Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
  15. Yale SH, Liu K. Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1237-41. PubMed
  16. Gorski JC, Huang S, Zaheer NA, et al. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo.Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-8):P94. PubMed
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Mallow 2 references
  1. Ameri A, Heydarirad G, Rezaeizadeh H, Choopani R, Ghobadi A, Gachkar L. Evaluation of Efficacy of an Herbal Compound on Dry Mouth in Patients With Head and Neck Cancers: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016;21(1):30-3. PubMed
  2. Elsagh M, Fartookzadeh MR, Kamalinejad M, et al. Efficacy of the Malva sylvestris L. flowers aqueous extract for functional constipation: A placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2015;21(2):105-11. PubMed

See these in context on the Mallow monograph →

Wild Carrot 2 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.

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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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