Chimaphila Combination #1 Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Genestra Brands
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Chimaphila Combination #1 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Chimaphila Combination #1 is a dietary supplement by Genestra Brands with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for urinary tract support, diuretic (increasing urine flow), mild inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 1,207 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract, Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract, Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This liquid contains 5 active herbal extracts: pipsissewa (from aerial parts), uva-ursi leaf, echinacea (from the root), mallow (from aerial parts), and wild carrot (from aerial parts). Each is traditionally used for urinary or immune support, though modern evidence for most of them is limited.
The product also contains purified water and ethanol as inactive ingredients.
Does it work?
Leans against
The evidence for what this combination actually does is sparse. Uva-ursi is rated possibly ineffective for urinary tract infections and has insufficient evidence for bronchitis or prostate health.
Echinacea, mallow, and wild carrot all carry ratings of insufficient reliable evidence for the conditions they're traditionally used for—ranging from anxiety and athletic performance (echinacea) to constipation and cough (mallow) to polycystic ovary syndrome (wild carrot). Pipsissewa's effectiveness hasn't been formally rated in the data we hold.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Short-term use of these herbs is generally tolerated, but there are cautions. Uva-ursi can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach upset; at very high doses (20 grams of dried herb or more), it may cause serious toxicity including convulsions and delirium.
Chronic use of both uva-ursi and pipsissewa can lead to hydroquinone toxicity, with symptoms including tinnitus, vomiting, delirium, convulsions, and collapse. Echinacea may cause allergic reactions (especially in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants), and rare cases of hepatitis have been reported.
Mallow and wild carrot are generally well tolerated but may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and indigestion. Regarding pregnancy: pipsissewa, uva-ursi, mallow, and wild carrot should be avoided—uva-ursi and wild carrot are likely unsafe, and the others lack enough safety data.
Echinacea is rated possibly safe, but safety information is limited. For breastfeeding, none of these ingredients have reliable safety information, so avoidance is advised unless your doctor approves.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, check if you're on lithium (uva-ursi and wild carrot may raise levels—Moderate severity), blood pressure medications (wild carrot, Moderate), hormone therapies including estrogen or birth control (wild carrot, Moderate), immunosuppressants (echinacea, Moderate), or drugs metabolized by your liver's CYP2C19, CYP3A4, or CYP1A2 enzymes. Also watch for photosensitizing antibiotics like tetracyclines or quinolones (wild carrot may increase sensitivity, Moderate).
Minor interactions exist with blood thinners, HIV drugs, and P-glycoprotein-transported medications.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with graded evidence leaning against its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This is a traditional herbal combination for urinary and immune support, but the modern evidence supporting it is thin, and several ingredients carry real risks—especially with medications affecting lithium levels, your liver's drug-processing enzymes, and hormonal therapies. If you take any prescription medication, run it through the interaction checker before starting.
Talk to your pharmacist, particularly if you're on lithium, blood pressure drugs, birth control, or any enzyme-dependent medication.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2016.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Chimaphila Combination #1, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Genestra Brands |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 88319614000 |
| Net contents | 2 fl. Oz.; 60 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 23, 2016 |
| DSLD ID | 56444 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Pipsissewa (Chimaphila umbellata) aerial parts extract | 0.26 mL | -- |
| Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract | 0.17 mL | -- |
| Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract | 0.11 mL | -- |
| Mallow (Malva neglecta) aerial parts extract | 0.11 mL | -- |
| Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract | 0.11 mL | -- |
Other ingredients: purified Water, Ethanol
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommended Adult Dose: Take 15 drops three to five times daily, thirty minutes before meals, or as recommended by your healthcare practitioner.
Precautions
Risk Information: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding; if you have heart disease, high or low blood pressure, kidney or liver disorder, diabetes or edema; if you are taking products containing diuretics; or if you are allergic or sensitive to birch, mugwort, celery and plants of the Asteraceae/Compositae/Daisy family, do not use.
Risk Information: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding; if you have heart disease, high or low blood pressure, kidney or liver disorder, diabetes or edema; if you are taking products containing diuretics; or if you are allergic or sensitive to birch, mugwort, celery and plants of the Asteraceae/Compositae/Daisy family, do not use.
Stop use and seek medical attention immediately if you experience dizziness, confusion, muscle weakness or pain, abnormal heartbeat and/or difficulty breathing. Hypersensitivity to echinacea has been known to occur; in which case, discontinue use. Avoid direct sunlight when using this product.
Quality Assurance: Safety-sealed for your protection and for product freshness. Do not use if outer seal is missing or broken.
Formulation
Guaranteed to contain no added starch, soy, sodium, sugar, artificial coloring or flavoring, dairy or animal products.
Ideal for vegans.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
General
V1.0 716
FDA Statement of Identity
HERBAL SUPPLEMENT
Seals/Symbols
Seroyal
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands
These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.75 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container80 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Pipsissewa (Chimaphila umbellata) aerial parts extract
No knowninteractions
Pipsissewa is a North American forest herb with a long history of traditional use as a diuretic and urinary remedy, but modern human research is very...
Pipsissewa (Chimaphila umbellata) aerial parts extract monograph & interactionsUva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract
Interacts with803 drugs
Uva ursi is a traditional herb used mainly for urinary tract infections, and its leaves contain a compound called arbutin that may have antimicrobial...
Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract monograph & interactionsEchinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract
Interacts with816 drugs
Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at bes...
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract monograph & interactionsMallow (Malva neglecta) aerial parts extract
No knowninteractions
Mallow (Malva sylvestris) is a traditional herb valued for its soothing, mucilage-rich leaves and flowers, used mostly for sore throat, cough, and min...
Mallow (Malva neglecta) aerial parts extract monograph & interactionsWild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract
Interacts with475 drugs
Wild carrot is a traditional herb (the wild ancestor of the garden carrot) used mostly for urinary, digestive, and menstrual complaints. High-quality...
Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Purified Water, Ethanol. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands contains five herbal ingredients, three of which interact with medications.
The most serious concerns come from uva-ursi and wild carrot, both of which can theoretically affect how your kidneys handle lithium—potentially raising lithium levels to unsafe concentrations. Altogether, these interactions span 1,190 individual medications.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Uva-ursi interacts with several medication groups. It may slow the breakdown of drugs processed by your liver's cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 substrates), and it might affect how glucuronidated drugs are cleared from your body—all Moderate severity.
It could also raise lithium levels and may reduce the effectiveness of urinary acidifying agents used for certain infections. It has a Minor interaction with drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Echinacea can increase caffeine levels by about 30% (Moderate) and may inhibit the enzyme that breaks down certain CYP1A2 drugs. It could interfere with immunosuppressants and theoretically increase etoposide (a chemotherapy drug) levels—both Moderate.
Echinacea has Minor interactions with blood thinners like warfarin and HIV medications. Wild carrot may interfere with blood pressure medications, hormone therapies including birth control and estrogen, and lithium, and could increase photosensitivity with certain antibiotics and other drugs (all Moderate).
Pipsissewa and mallow show no known interactions in our data. Check your specific medications with the tool on this page before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Chimaphila Combination #1?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Chimaphila Combination #1 interact with 1,207 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 5 ingredients in Chimaphila Combination #1 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract
Afatinib DimaleateGilotrif
How Afatinib Dimaleate interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Afatinib Dimaleate interactionAlvimopanEntereg
How Alvimopan interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Alvimopan interactionAntidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) InhibitorGlyxambi
How Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionAvatrombopag MaleateDoptelet
How Avatrombopag Maleate interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Avatrombopag Maleate interactionBerotralstat HydrochlorideOrladeyo
How Berotralstat Hydrochloride interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Berotralstat Hydrochloride interactionBetrixabanBevyxxa
How Betrixaban interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Betrixaban interactionCimetidineCimetidine Injection, Tagamet, Tagamet HB
How Cimetidine interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Cimetidine interactionClobetasolClobex, Temovate
How Clobetasol interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Clobetasol interactionDomperidoneMotilium
How Domperidone interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Domperidone interactionEmpagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin HydrochlorideTrijardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEmtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide FumarateDescovy
How Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate interactionFam-trastuzumab, Deruxtecan-nxkiEnhertu
How Fam-trastuzumab, Deruxtecan-nxki interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Fam-trastuzumab, Deruxtecan-nxki interactionFidaxomicinDificid
How Fidaxomicin interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Fidaxomicin interactionIvermectinMectizan, Sklice, Soolantra, Stromectol
How Ivermectin interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Ivermectin interactionLedipasvir, SofosbuvirHarvoni
How Ledipasvir, Sofosbuvir interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Ledipasvir, Sofosbuvir interactionLinagliptinTradjenta
How Linagliptin interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Linagliptin interactionLinagliptin, Metformin HydrochlorideJentadueto XR
How Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionLoncastuximab Tesirine-lpylZynlontab
How Loncastuximab Tesirine-lpyl interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Loncastuximab Tesirine-lpyl interactionLoperamideImodium, Loperamide
How Loperamide interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Loperamide interactionLoperamide, SimethiconeImodium Advanced
How Loperamide, Simethicone interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Loperamide, Simethicone interactionLusutrombopagMulpleta
How Lusutrombopag interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Lusutrombopag interactionMetformin, LinagliptinJentadueto
How Metformin, Linagliptin interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Metformin, Linagliptin interactionNiraparib TosylateZejula
How Niraparib Tosylate interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Niraparib Tosylate interactionOpicaponeOngentys
How Opicapone interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Opicapone interactionPrucaloprideMotegrity, Resolor, Resotran
How Prucalopride interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Prucalopride interactionPseudoephedrine, TerfenadineTeldafen
How Pseudoephedrine, Terfenadine interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Pseudoephedrine, Terfenadine interactionRanitidineRanit, Ranitidine injection, Zantac, Zantac 150, Zantac 150 EFFER, Zantac 150 GEL +4 more
How Ranitidine interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Ranitidine interactionRanitidine Bismuth CitrateTritec
How Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate interactionRucaparib CamsylateRubraca
How Rucaparib Camsylate interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Rucaparib Camsylate interactionSofosbuvirSovaldi
How Sofosbuvir interacts with Chimaphila Combination #1 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Uva-ursi (arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) Leaf Extract + Sofosbuvir interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Chimaphila Combination #1 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) root extract
Caffeine
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine by around 30%. This is likely due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) by echinacea.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Echinacea appears to inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes in humans. Additionally, echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate, by around 30%. Theoretically, echinacea might increase levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Several clinical trials have shown that taking echinacea for up to one month does not significantly affect the metabolism of various CYP3A4 substrates, including midazolam, docetaxel, etravirine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and darunavir-ritonavir. However, other clinical research shows that echinacea may increase the clearance of midazolam, suggesting that echinacea might induce CYP3A4. The discrepancy is thought to be due to differing effects of echinacea on intestinal versus hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Echinacea appears to induce hepatic CYP3A4 but inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. In some cases, these effects might cancel each other out, but in others, drug levels may be increased or decreased depending on the level of effect at hepatic and intestinal sites. The effect of echinacea on CYP3A4 activity may differ depending on the CYP3A4 substrate.
Etoposide (Vepesid)
Echinacea may increase levels of etoposide.
In one report, concomitant use of etoposide and echinacea was associated with more severe thrombocytopenia than the use of etoposide alone, suggesting inhibition of etoposide metabolism. Etoposide is a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but some studies have reported inhibition of the enzyme.
Immunosuppressants
Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy because of its immunostimulant activity.
Darunavir (Prezista)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of darunavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Darunavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but administration of an E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg four times daily for 14 days did not affect darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in 15 HIV-infected patients.
Dayquil Severe
Echinacea is reported to have varying effects on a number of Cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes in the liver, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which play a role in acetaminophen and dextromethorphan metabolism (both contained in DayQuil Severe), respectively. Studies have reported both enzyme inhibition and induction, making it difficult to predict clinically significant drug interactions with reliability. Specific drug interaction studies reporting definitive results are rare, and potential drug interactions involving echinacea should likely be taken on a case-by-case basis. Based on what we know about how acetaminophen and dextromethorphan are metabolized, the risk of a clinically significant interaction between echinacea and DayQuil Severe is low.
Docetaxel (Taxotere)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of docetaxel; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea whole plant extract (Echinaforce, A. Vogel Biopharma AG) 20 drops three times daily for 2 weeks did not alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in one clinical study.
Etravirine (Intelence)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of etravirine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Etravirine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of etravirine in HIV-infected patients.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of lopinavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Lopinavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea (Echinamide, Natural Factors Nutritional Products, Inc.) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, echinacea may increase the metabolism of intravenous midazolam.
Echinacea induces hepatic CYP3A4 and might decrease plasma levels of midazolam by about 20%, reducing the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea also appears to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, which could theoretically increase the bioavailability of oral midazolam. This may cancel out the decrease in availability caused by induction of hepatic CYP3A4, such that overall plasma levels after oral administration of midazolam are not affected by echinacea.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Echinacea seems to increase the clearance of warfarin, although the effect may not be clinically significant.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy male volunteers suggests that taking echinacea increases the clearance of the active S-isomer of warfarin after a single dose of warfarin, but there was not a clinically significant effect on the INR.
Uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaf extract
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit cytochrome CYP2C19. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit CYP3A4. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase levels of drugs metabolized by glucuronidation.
In vitro, uva ursi extract appears to strongly inhibit UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1). However, uva ursi extract does not appear to inhibit UGT1A1 in animal models. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Lithium
Theoretically, uva ursi may increase lithium levels, necessitating a decrease in dose.
Uva ursi may have diuretic properties. Diuretics may increase lithium reabsorption with sodium in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Theoretically, uva ursi might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Urinary Acidifying Agents
Effects of uva ursi in the urinary tract may be reduced by urinary acidifying agents.
Uva ursi seems to work best in alkaline urine. Theoretically, taking uva ursi with medications known to acidify the urine may decrease any effects of uva ursi on the urinary tract.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, uva ursi may alter the levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro, uva ursi appears to inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) aerial parts extract
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, excessive doses of wild carrot seed oil might interfere with antihypertensive therapy due to cardiotonic effects.
Estrogens
Theoretically, excessive use of the above ground parts of wild carrot might interfere with hormonal therapy due to estrogenic effects of wild carrot.
Lithium
Wild carrot is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, wild carrot might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might result in increased photosensitivity. Some drugs that cause photosensitivity include amitriptyline (Elavil), quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, others), sulfa drugs (Septra, Bactrim, others), and tetracycline.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Chimaphila Combination #1, from the product label.
Genestra Brands
- Name
- Seroyal USA
- City
- Pittsburgh
- State
- PA
- ZipCode
- 15275
- Phone Number
- 1-888-737-6925
- Web Address
- seroyal.com
Chimaphila Combination #1 by Genestra Brands: Common Questions
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Why does the label say to avoid this during pregnancy if echinacea is possibly safe?
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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The Full Monographs Behind Chimaphila Combination #1’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Pipsissewa
Pipsissewa is a North American forest herb with a long history of traditional use as a diuretic and urinary remedy, but modern human research is very limited. There is not enough good eviden...
Read the full Pipsissewa monograph → Herb & supplement monographUva Ursi
Interacts with 803 drugsUva ursi is a traditional herb used mainly for urinary tract infections, and its leaves contain a compound called arbutin that may have antimicrobial effects in the urine. Evidence in people...
Read the full Uva Ursi monograph → Herb & supplement monographEchinacea
Interacts with 816 drugsEchinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at best. It is generally well tolerated for sh...
Read the full Echinacea monograph → Herb & supplement monographMallow
Mallow (Malva sylvestris) is a traditional herb valued for its soothing, mucilage-rich leaves and flowers, used mostly for sore throat, cough, and minor skin or stomach irritation. Scientifi...
Read the full Mallow monograph → Herb & supplement monographWild Carrot
Interacts with 475 drugsWild carrot is a traditional herb (the wild ancestor of the garden carrot) used mostly for urinary, digestive, and menstrual complaints. High-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefi...
Read the full Wild Carrot monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Chimaphila Combination #1's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 64 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Pipsissewa 1 reference
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
Uva Ursi 8 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. Terry C. Telger, transl. 3rd ed. Berlin, GER: Springer, 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Wang L, Del Priore LV. Bull's-eye maculopathy secondary to herbal toxicity from uva ursi. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:1135-7. PubMed
- Beaux, D., Fleurentin, J., and Mortier, F. Effect of extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, Hieracium pilosella L., Sambucus nigra L. and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. in rats. Phytother.Res 1999;13(3):222-225.
- de Arriba SG, Naser B, Nolte KU. Risk assessment of free hydroquinone derived from Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi folium herbal preparations. Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(6):442-453.
- Park JB, Kim D, Min JS, et al. Identification and characterization of in vitro inhibitors against UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 in uva-ursi extracts and evaluation of in vivo uva-ursi-drug interactions. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;120:651-661. PubMed
- Chauhan B, Yu C, Krantis A, et al. In vitro activity of uva-ursi against cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and P-glycoprotein. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;85(11):1099-107.
Echinacea 51 references
- Mullins RJ. Echinacea-associated anaphylaxis. Med J Aust 1998;168:170-1. PubMed
- Mullins RJ. Allergic reactions to Echinacea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;104:S340-341 (Abstract 1003).
- Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Echinacea. Hosp Pharm 1998;33:180-8.
- Grimm W, Muller HH. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections. Am J Med 1999;106:138-43. PubMed
- Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, et al. Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2824-30.. PubMed
- Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, et al. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:669-75. PubMed
- Stimpel M, Proksch A, Wagner H, et al. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun 1984;46:845-9. PubMed
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: A prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3. PubMed
- Soon SL, Crawford RI. Recurrent erythema nodosum associated with echinacea herbal therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:298-9. PubMed
- Mullins RJ, Heddle R. Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:42-51. PubMed
- Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren's syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9.
- Schulten B, Bulitta M, Ballering-Bruhl B, et al. Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51:563-8.. PubMed
- Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
- Yale SH, Liu K. Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1237-41. PubMed
- Gorski JC, Huang S, Zaheer NA, et al. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo.Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-8):P94. PubMed
- Lee AN, Werth VP. Activation of autoimmunity following use of immunostimulatory herbal supplements. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:723-7. PubMed
- Goel V, Lovlin R, Barton R, et al. Efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (Echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2004;29:75-83.
- Barrett B. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine 2003;10:66-86. PubMed
- Huntley AL, Thompson Coon J, Ernst E. The safety of herbal medicinal products derived from Echinacea species: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2005;28:387-400. PubMed
- Turner RB, Bauer R, Woelkart K, et al. An evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353:341-8.
- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
- Perri D, Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of echinacea (Echinacea augustafolia, e. purpurea and e. pallida) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e262-7.
- Kocaman O, Hulagu S, Senturk O. Echinacea-induced severe acute hepatitis with features of cholestatic autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:148. PubMed
- Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D. et al. Echinacea for treating the common cold: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:769-77. PubMed
- Press Release: Echinacea herbal products should not be used in children under 12 years old. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK). August 20, 2012. Available at: www.mhra.gov.uk/NewsCentre/Pressreleases/CON180627. (Accessed 21 October
- Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D, Rabago D, et al. Placebo effects and the common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Ann.Fam.Med 2011;9:312-22. PubMed
- Haller J, Freund, TF, Pelczer, KG, et al. The anxiolytic potential and psychotropic side effects of an echinacea preparation in laboratory animals and healthy volunteers. Phytother.Res. 2013;27:54-61.
- Grbic J, Wexler I, Celenti R, et al. A phase II trial of a transmucosal herbal patch for the treatment of gingivitis. J Am Dent.Assoc. 2011;142:1168-75. PubMed
- Schapowal A, Berger D, Klein P, et al. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur.J Med Res 9-1-2009;14:406-12. PubMed
- Bossaer JB and Odle BL. Probable etoposide interaction with Echinacea. J.Diet.Suppl 2012;9:90-5.
- Abdul MI, Jiang X, Williams KM, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of echinacea and policosanol with warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69:508-15. PubMed
- Kemp, D. E. and Franco, K. N. Possible leukopenia associated with long-term use of echinacea. J Am Board Fam.Pract. 2002;15(5):417-419.
- Liatsos, G., Elefsiniotis, I., Todorova, R., and Moulakakis, A. Severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) induced or exacerbated by the immunostimulatory herb Echinacea. Am J Hematol. 2006;81(3):224.
- Penzak, S. R., Robertson, S. M., Hunt, J. D., Chairez, C., Malati, C. Y., Alfaro, R. M., Stevenson, J. M., and Kovacs, J. A. Echinacea purpurea significantly induces cytochrome P450 3A activity but does not alter lopinavir-ritonavir exposure in healthy s
- Maskatia, Z. K. and Baker, K. Hypereosinophilia associated with echinacea use. South.Med J 2010;103(11):1173-1174. PubMed
- Parnham MJ. Benefit-risk assessment of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation. Phytomed 1996;3:95-102. PubMed
- Schroder-Aasen T, Molden G, Nilsen OG. In vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 by the multiherbal commercial product Sambucus Force and its main constituents Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra. Phytother Res 2012;26(11):1606-13.
- Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and darunavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(1):326-30.
- Goey AK, Meijerman I, Rosing H, et al. The effect of Echinacea purpurea on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;76(3):467-74.
- Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and etravirine in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(10):5328-31. PubMed
- Lawrenson JA, Walls T, Day AS. Echinacea-induced acute liver failure in a child. J Paediatr Child Health 2014;50(10):841.
- Hansen TS, Nilsen OG. In vitro CYP3A4 metabolism: inhibition by Echinacea purpurea and choice of substrate for the evaluation of herbal inhibition. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008;103:445-9.
- Gabranis I, Koufakis T1, Papakrivos I, Batala S. Echinacea-associated acute cholestatic hepatitis. J Postgrad Med. 2015;61(3):211-2. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Karsch-Völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, Bauer R, Ardjomand-Woelkart K, Linde K. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2014;(2):CD000530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3. PubMed
- Hoban CL, Byard RW, Musgrave IF. Analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reactions to echinacea, valerian, black cohosh and ginkgo in Australia from 2000 to 2015. J Integr Med. 2019;17(5):338-343. PubMed
- Ogal M, Johnston SL, Klein P, Schoop R. Echinacea reduces antibiotic usage in children through respiratory tract infection prevention: a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2021 Apr 8;26(1):33. PubMed
- Lopresti AL, Smith SJ. An investigation into the anxiety-relieving and mood-enhancing effects of Echinacea angustifolia (EP107 ™): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Affect Disord 2021;293:229-237.
- Weishaupt R, Buchkov A, Kolev E, Klein P, Schoop R. Reduction of viral load in patients with acute sore throats: Results from an observational clinical trial with Echinacea / Salvia lozenges [published online ahead of print, 2023 Mar 8]. Complement Med Re
- Sumer J, Keckeis K, Scanferla G, et al. Novel Echinacea formulations for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in adults-A randomized blinded controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023;10:948787. PubMed
Mallow 2 references
- Ameri A, Heydarirad G, Rezaeizadeh H, Choopani R, Ghobadi A, Gachkar L. Evaluation of Efficacy of an Herbal Compound on Dry Mouth in Patients With Head and Neck Cancers: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016;21(1):30-3. PubMed
- Elsagh M, Fartookzadeh MR, Kamalinejad M, et al. Efficacy of the Malva sylvestris L. flowers aqueous extract for functional constipation: A placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2015;21(2):105-11. PubMed
Wild Carrot 2 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC