Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 3 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by ChildLife Essentials

Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor is a dietary supplement by ChildLife Essentials with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 205 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor by ChildLife Essentials

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor by ChildLife Essentials — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor by ChildLife Essentials

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 4 active ingredients.

This liquid supplement contains 4 active ingredients: sodium, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and fat calories. The other ingredients are organic oils (flax seed, sunflower, pumpkin, and extra-virgin olive) and organic natural orange flavor with stevia — these are inactive ingredients that make up the base and taste of the formula.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: essential fatty acids for children's growth.
  • We looked for evidence on: Brain development, Immune function, Skin health.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

Sodium is likely effective for cystic fibrosis. It's possibly effective for reducing kidney damage from amphotericin B (a strong antifungal).

For bipolar disorder and congestive heart failure, we don't hold enough reliable evidence to rate how well it works. The effectiveness of the fatty acids in this product isn't described in the data we have on file.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated when you take it in normal dietary amounts — up to the standard daily limit of about 2.3 grams. The facts advise caution: sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain.

Serious but rare side effects from excess sodium include worsened heart disease, high blood pressure, and kidney disease. Population research has linked high sodium intake to increased risk of gastric cancer.

For pregnancy and lactation, sodium is rated likely safe; however, we also hold a rating of possibly unsafe — the data we have is mixed. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: lithium.
  • For scale: 205 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take lithium, blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), corticosteroids, didanosine, sodium phosphate, tolvaptan, or any other sodium-containing drugs. Sodium can change how these medications work or raise your sodium levels dangerously.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a source of sodium along with essential fatty acids. If you take lithium, blood pressure medications, corticosteroids, or any other sodium-sensitive drugs, you need to talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting it — sodium changes can affect how these medications work or raise the risk of too much sodium in your blood.

Even if you don't take medications, avoid this product if your doctor has advised you to limit sodium. Otherwise, normal use is generally well tolerated.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2018.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand ChildLife Essentials
Barcode (UPC) 608274102507
Net contents 8 fl. Oz.; 237 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 25, 2018
DSLD ID 178865
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children (All), Pregnant Women, Organic, Infants/Baby (0 - 1 Year), Lactating, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor by ChildLife Essentials, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.5 tsp
Maximum serving Sizes:
9 tsp
Servings per container
48
UPC/BARCODE
608274102507
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories42 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates0 Gram(s)--
Saturated Fat0.5 Gram(s)2%
Sodium0 mg--
Trans Fat0 Gram(s)--
Cholesterol0 mg--
Total Fat4.5 Gram(s)7%
Polyunsaturated Fat3 Gram(s)--
Protein0 Gram(s)--
Monounsaturated Fat1 Gram(s)--
Fat Calories42 Calorie(s)--

Other ingredients: organic unrefined Flax seed Oil, organic Sunflower Oil, organic Pumpkin Oil, organic extra-virgin Olive Oil, organic natural Orange flavor, organic Stevia

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: For infants 6 months - 1 yr: 1/2 teaspoon every other day For children 1 - 5 yrs: 1 - 2 teaspoons daily For children 5 - 12 yrs: 1 - 2 tablespoons daily For pregnant or nursing mothers: 1 - 3 tablespoons daily Shake well before use.

Give directly or mix with your child’s favorite drink or food.

Include these plant-based, vegetarian Essential Fatty Acids as part of your child’s daily diet by mixing with juices, smoothies, cereals, puddings or over pancakes or waffles (after cooking).

Storage

Keep refrigerated.

Precautions

Important: Do not cook with this oil or heat over 120 degrees Fahrenheit. Use within 10 weeks of opening.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Tamper Resistant: do not use if outer safety seal is broken or missing.

General Statements

Health Tip: Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs) play a critical part in your child’s physical, emotional and mental growth. EFAs may influence brain function, immune strength, healthy skin and well being.

Product of U.S.A. Printed in U.S.A.

Formulated by Dr. Murray C. Clarke, D. Hom., L. Ac

Plant-based

New!

Tasty, natural, orange flavor

Average Analysis per Teaspoon: Omega-3 Fatty Acids. . . . . . . . . . . 1900 mg Omega-6 Fatty Acids. . . . . . . . . . . . 800 mg Omega-9 Fatty Acids. . . . . . . . . . . 1400 mg

Formulation

Include these plant-based, vegetarian Essential Fatty Acids as part of your child’s daily diet by mixing with juices, smoothies, cereals, puddings or over pancakes or waffles (after cooking).

Gluten free, casein free, alcohol free. Contains no milk, eggs, soy, wheat, yeast, or corn. No artificial colorings, flavorings or sweeteners.

Certified Organic by Oregon Tilth.

Brand IP Statement(s)

ChildLife uses only the highest quality ingredients.

Omegaflo process omegaflo is a registered trademark of Omega Nutrition USA, Inc., used under license. 2010 Omega Nutrition USA, Inc.

Nutrition for kids!

Seals/Symbols

Oregon Tilth USDA Organic

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formula

Omega Fatty Acids to support brain development, immune strength and more!

ChildLife Essential Fatty Acids provides a balance of Omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids, for your developing infant and child.

This organic oil blend is delicately flavored to create an easy to take formula for children of all ages.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General

V51216

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor by ChildLife Essentials label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor by ChildLife Essentials

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.5 tsp Dosage formLiquid Servings per container48 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
0 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Protein

0 Gram(s) per serving

Fat Calories

42 Calorie(s) per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Organic unrefined Flax seed Oil, Organic Sunflower Oil, Organic Pumpkin Oil, Organic extra-virgin Olive Oil, Organic natural Orange flavor, Organic Stevia. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor by ChildLife Essentials Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
205Drugs
205 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor interact with 205 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 3 ingredients in Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor, from the product label.

ChildLife Essentials

See all ChildLife Essentials products
Name
ChildLife
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
ZipCode
90232
Phone Number
800-993-0332
Web Address
www.childlife.net
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor by ChildLife Essentials: Common Questions

Does Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor by ChildLife Essentials interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor has a known interaction with 205 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The data we hold on sodium is mixed — it's rated both likely safe and possibly unsafe for pregnancy and lactation. There isn't enough clarity to recommend yes or no. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy or while nursing.
What does sodium do in this product?
Sodium is an essential mineral your body needs in small amounts for nerve and muscle function. This product contains it as part of its formula, but it's important not to get too much from supplements on top of your regular diet.
Can too much sodium from this supplement cause side effects?
Yes. In moderation, sodium is well tolerated, but excess intake is linked to high blood pressure, worsening heart disease, kidney problems, and increased risk of gastric cancer. That's why the facts advise avoiding sodium supplements or very high intake without your doctor's approval.
What are the other active ingredients besides sodium?
The product contains polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and fat calories. We don't hold interaction data for these, but they're the essential fatty acids that give the supplement its main role.
Does this product have fillers or artificial ingredients?
The inactive ingredients are organic oils — flax seed, sunflower, pumpkin, and extra-virgin olive — plus organic natural orange flavor and stevia. No artificial additives are listed.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Essential Fatty Acids Natural Orange Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 38 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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