Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

GI Response Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Innate Response Formulas

GI Response label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking GI Response against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

GI Response is a dietary supplement by Innate Response Formulas with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle recovery and sports performance, gut health and 'leaky gut', recovery from severe illness or injury.Based on those ingredients, 2,150 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Marshmallow, Powder, Slippery Elm, Powder, Aloe Vera Gel Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against GI Response by Innate Response Formulas

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with GI Response by Innate Response Formulas — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of GI Response by Innate Response Formulas

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Oct 1, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 7 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

GI Response is a powder blend of 7 active ingredients designed to support digestive health. It contains L-glutamine, a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a role in gut lining integrity; methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), a sulfur compound; aloe vera gel extract; arabinogalactan, a soluble fiber from larch; marshmallow powder; slippery elm powder; and Sustamine L-alanyl-L-glutamine, a dipeptide form of glutamine.

The blend is rounded out with inactive ingredients including natural flavors, citric acid, beet, and stevia leaf extract.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: gut health and digestive support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Constipation, Diarrhea, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Oral mucositis — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Aloe is rated "Possibly Effective" for Constipation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Radiation-induced diarrhea.
  • Also on file: Aloe is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Oral mucositis, Peptic ulcers.

The evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed and limited. L-glutamine is rated Effective for sickle cell disease and Possibly Effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting, postoperative recovery, and recovery from critical illness — though this product isn't formulated to address those specific conditions.

Aloe vera gel is Possibly Effective for acne, diabetes, psoriasis, burns, and constipation. For the other ingredients — arabinogalactan, marshmallow, and slippery elm — the evidence we hold is rated Insufficient, meaning we don't have enough reliable data to say whether they work for their proposed uses.

The effectiveness of the product as a whole for digestive support isn't established in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Aloe Larch Arabinogalactan Marshmallow Slippery Elm

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-glutamine is rated Likely Safe during pregnancy and lactation, but the product also contains aloe vera gel extract, which is rated Possibly Unsafe in both pregnancy and lactation due to potential uterine stimulation and laxative effects — the safety data advises caution or avoidance. Arabinogalactan, marshmallow, and slippery elm all lack sufficient safety data in pregnancy and lactation, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

L-glutamine and aloe vera are generally well tolerated when taken by mouth at typical doses, though high doses can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, or other side effects. People with kidney or liver disease should use L-glutamine only under medical supervision.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Aloe Larch Arabinogalactan Marshmallow Slippery Elm

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Aloe, Marshmallow, Glutamine, Larch Arabinogalactan, Slippery Elm.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,151 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take digoxin or other heart medications (Major risk), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin, diabetes medications, diuretics, seizure medications, immunosuppressants, or lithium. The product's mucilage-containing ingredients (marshmallow and slippery elm) may also slow absorption of oral medications taken at the same time — if you're on any regular medication, space doses at least 30 to 60 minutes apart and confirm the timing with your pharmacist.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

GI Response contains multiple active ingredients with varying evidence bases and several documented interactions with common medications. It may be worth discussing with your doctor or pharmacist if you're looking to support general digestive function, but it's especially important to clear it with them first if you take heart medications, blood thinners, diabetes drugs, seizure medications, immunosuppressants, lithium, or any other regular medications — the ingredient interactions could affect how those drugs work.

Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should talk it over with their healthcare provider before starting.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 23, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about GI Response, straight from the product label.

Brand Innate Response Formulas
Barcode (UPC) 051494440148
Net contents 237 Gram(s); 8.4 Ounce(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 23, 2024
DSLD ID 308998
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for GI Response by Innate Response Formulas, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
7.9 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
7.9 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
051494440148
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Glutamine5000 mg--
Methylsulfonylmethane200 mg--
Aloe Vera Gel Extract300 mg--
Arabinogalactan400 mg--
Marshmallow, Powder200 mg--
Slippery Elm, Powder200 mg--
Sustamine L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine200 mg--

Other ingredients: Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Beet, Stevia Leaf Extract

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Please recycle Vis medicatrix naturae

At Innate Response we share your belief that nothing is more important than supporting your body's innate ability to heal. To that end, we develop nutrient-rich supplements.

Learn more at: www.innateresponse.com acuatlanta.net To learn about our seals, please visit innateresponse.com/standards.

Formula

Five grams of glutamine per serving

This Innate Response product is made with carefully selected herbs to deliver a range of health-promoting compounds.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Mix one scoop with 8-10 oz. of water or beverage of choice. Do not mix into hot beverages.

Precautions

Do not mix into hot beverages. This product should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare practitioner and for no longer than 12 weeks consecutively.

Warning: If you are pregnant or nursing, consult your health care practitioner before taking this product.

Keep out of reach of children.

Diabetics: Use only under a physician's supervision.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Sustamine is a trademark of Kyowa Hakko BioCo., Ltd.

Formulation

Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back.

Glyphosate Residue Free detoxfreeproject.org Tested Gluten Free No Magnesium Stearate MgSt

Seals/Symbols

Certified B Corporations Glyphosate Residue Free detoxfreeproject.org Tested Gluten Free

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

GI Response by Innate Response Formulas label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

GI Response label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in GI Response by Innate Response Formulas

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size7.9 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Glutamine

Interacts with
50 drugs
5000 mg per serving

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle c...

L-Glutamine monograph & interactions

Methylsulfonylmethane

200 mg per serving

Aloe Vera Gel Extract

Interacts with
461 drugs
300 mg per serving

Aloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help. Aloe latex (the yellow part) is a str...

Aloe Vera Gel Extract monograph & interactions

Arabinogalactan

Interacts with
121 drugs
400 mg per serving

Larch arabinogalactan is a soluble fiber from larch trees that is mainly used as a prebiotic and for immune support. Early research is interesting but...

Arabinogalactan monograph & interactions

Marshmallow, Powder

Interacts with
2,040 drugs
200 mg per serving

Marshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats,...

Marshmallow, Powder monograph & interactions

Slippery Elm, Powder

Interacts with
2,022 drugs
200 mg per serving

Slippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and irritated di...

Slippery Elm, Powder monograph & interactions

Sustamine L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine

200 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Beet, Stevia Leaf Extract. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

GI Response by Innate Response Formulas Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against GI Response?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
2,150Drugs
1 Major 2,142 Moderate 7 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Marshmallow, Powder 2,040
Slippery Elm, Powder 2,022
Aloe Vera Gel Extract 461
Arabinogalactan 121
L-Glutamine 50

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in GI Response interact with 2,150 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 7 ingredients in GI Response interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Marshmallow, Powder Slippery Elm, Powder Aloe Vera Gel Extract Arabinogalactan L-Glutamine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in GI Response with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Marshmallow, Powder3 drug types · 2,040 drugs

Lithium

Theoretically, due to potential diuretic effects, marshmallow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Marshmallow is thought to have diuretic properties. To avoid lithium toxicity, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when used with marshmallow.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, marshmallow flower might have antiplatelet effects.
Animal research suggests that marshmallow flower extract has antiplatelet effects. However, the root and leaf of marshmallow, not the flower, are the plant parts most commonly found in dietary supplements. Theoretically, use of marshmallow flower with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs can have additive effects, and might increase the risk for bleeding in some patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Marshmallow contains mucilage which can affect oral drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take marshmallow 30-60 minutes after oral medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Marshmallow, Powder full monograph & interactions

Slippery Elm, Powder1 drug type · 2,022 drugs

Oral Drugs

Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Slippery elm inner bark contains mucilage, which may interfere with the absorption of orally administered drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Slippery Elm, Powder full monograph & interactions

Aloe Vera Gel Extract7 drug types · 461 drugs

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with cardiac glycosides.
Overuse of aloe latex can increase the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycoside drugs, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion. Overuse of aloe, along with cardiac glycoside drugs, can increase the risk of toxicity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aloe gel can inhibit platelet aggregation. This inhibition was greater than that seen with celecoxib, but less than that seen with aspirin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Aloe might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests aloe gel might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of aloe latex might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss, increasing the risk of hypokalemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stimulant Laxatives

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Due to cathartic laxative effects of aloe latex, concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Aloe latex has stimulant laxative effects. In some people aloe latex can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of aloe vera.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that aloe extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Aloe Vera Gel Extract full monograph & interactions

Arabinogalactan1 drug type · 121 drugs

Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, larch arabinogalactan might interfere with immunosuppression therapy due to immunostimulant effects. Immunosuppressant drugs include azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), and other drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Arabinogalactan full monograph & interactions

L-Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Glutamine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for GI Response, from the product label.

Innate Response Formulas

See all Innate Response Formulas products
Name
MegaFood
Street Address
P.O. Box 5244
City
Manchester
State
NH
ZipCode
03108
Phone Number
800-634-6342
Web Address
www.innateresponse.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

GI Response by Innate Response Formulas: Common Questions

Does GI Response by Innate Response Formulas interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, GI Response has a known interaction with 2,150 medications, including 1 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
GI Response contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The aloe vera gel extract in this product is rated Possibly Unsafe during pregnancy and lactation. Arabinogalactan, marshmallow, and slippery elm don't have enough safety data in either state, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using it if you're pregnant or breastfeeding — they can weigh the risks and benefits for your situation.
What does L-glutamine do in this product?
L-glutamine is an amino acid that supports the structure and function of your gut lining. It's rated Effective for sickle cell disease and Possibly Effective for recovery from critical illness and surgery, though those aren't typical reasons people buy a GI support product.
Will this help with constipation or diarrhea?
Aloe vera gel is rated Possibly Effective for constipation. The evidence for marshmallow and slippery elm for either condition is Insufficient, meaning we don't have enough reliable data to say whether they work. Talk with your doctor about whether this product is a good fit for your specific digestive concern.
Can I take this with my other medications?
That depends on what you're taking. This product has documented interactions with digoxin, blood thinners, diabetes drugs, diuretics, seizure medications, lithium, and immunosuppressants — and its mucilage ingredients can slow how your body absorbs oral medications. Check your exact medications with the interaction tool on this page, and confirm with your pharmacist before starting.
What are the common side effects of this product?
L-glutamine and aloe vera, the main active ingredients, can both cause gastrointestinal side effects at higher doses — bloating, gas, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort have been reported. Marshmallow and slippery elm are generally well tolerated for short-term use. If you experience side effects, stop and talk with your pharmacist.
Is this safe for someone with kidney or liver disease?
L-glutamine should only be used by people with kidney or liver disease under medical supervision. If you have either condition, check with your doctor before taking this product.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if GI Response is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

GI Response label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind GI Response’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Glutamine

Interacts with 50 drugs

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...

Read the full Glutamine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Aloe

Interacts with 461 drugs

Aloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help. Aloe latex (the yellow part) is a strong laxative that can cause cramping and...

Read the full Aloe monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Larch Arabinogalactan

Interacts with 121 drugs

Larch arabinogalactan is a soluble fiber from larch trees that is mainly used as a prebiotic and for immune support. Early research is interesting but limited, and most claims are not yet fi...

Read the full Larch Arabinogalactan monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Marshmallow

Interacts with 2,040 drugs

Marshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and stomach irritation. Evidence for th...

Read the full Marshmallow monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Slippery Elm

Interacts with 2,022 drugs

Slippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and irritated digestive tracts. Its mucilage can coat an...

Read the full Slippery Elm monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

GI Response's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 68 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

Aloe 41 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Wichtl MW. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Ed. N.M. Bisset. Stuttgart: Medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers, 1994.
  3. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  4. Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5. PubMed
  5. Luyckx VA, Ballantine R, Claeys M, et al. Herbal remedy-associated acute renal failure secondary to Cape aloes. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:E13. PubMed
  6. Rajasekaran S, Sivagnanam K, Ravi K, Subramanian S. Hypoglycemic effect of Aloe vera gel on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in experimental rats. J Med Food 2004;7:61-6.
  7. Williams MS, Burk M, Loprinzi CL, et al. Phase III double-blind evaluation of an aloe vera gel as a prophylactic agent for radiation-induced skin toxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;36:345-9. PubMed
  8. Vogler BK, Ernst E. Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness. Br J Gen Pract 1999;49:823-8.
  9. Bottenberg MM, Wall GC, Harvey RL, Habib S. Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:1740-3. PubMed
  10. Rabe C, Musch A, Schirmacher P, et al. Acute hepatitis induced by an Aloe vera preparation: a case report. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:303-4. PubMed
  11. Kanat O, Ozet A, Ataergin S. Aloe vera-induced acute toxic hepatitis in a healthy young man. Eur J Int Med 2006;17:589. PubMed
  12. Mueller SO, Stopper H. Characterization of the genotoxicity of anthraquinones in mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999;1428:406-14. PubMed
  13. Schorkhuber M, Richter M, Dutter A, et al. Effect of anthraquinone laxatives on the proliferation and urokinase secretion of normal, premalignant and malignant colonic epithelial cells. Eur J Cancer 1998;34:1091-8. PubMed
  14. Yang HN, Kim DJ, Kim YM, et al. Aloe-induced toxic hepatitis. J Korean Med Sci 2010;25:492-5. PubMed
  15. Choonhakarn C, Busaracome P, Sripanidkulchai B, et al. A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing topical aloe vera with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. J.Eur.Acad.Dermatol.Venereol. 2010;24:168-72. PubMed
  16. Ishii Y, Tanizawa H, Takino Y. Studies of aloe. IV. Mechanism of cathartic effect. (3). Biol Pharm Bull. 1994;17:495-7. PubMed
  17. Ishii Y, Tanizawa H, Takino Y. Studies of aloe. V. Mechanism of cathartic effect. (4). Biol Pharm Bull. 1994;17:651-3. PubMed
  18. Nelemans FA. Clinical and toxicological aspects of anthraquinone laxatives. Pharmacology. 1976;14 Suppl 1:73-7. PubMed
  19. Paulsen E, Korsholm L, Brandrup F. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a commercial Aloe vera gel in the treatment of slight to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19:326-31.
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Larch Arabinogalactan 8 references
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  2. Kelly GS. Larch arabinogalactan: Clinical relevance of a novel immune-enhancing polysaccharide. Alt Med Rev 1999;4:96-103.
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See these in context on the Larch Arabinogalactan monograph →

Marshmallow 5 references
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See these in context on the Marshmallow monograph →

Slippery Elm 3 references
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See these in context on the Slippery Elm monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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