Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 6 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

HGH-450 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Tokkyo Nutrition

HGH-450 label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking HGH-450 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

HGH-450 is a dietary supplement by Tokkyo Nutrition with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle recovery and sports performance, gut health and 'leaky gut', recovery from severe illness or injury.Based on those ingredients, 486 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are L-Arginine, Chromium, L-Glutamine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against HGH-450 by Tokkyo Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with HGH-450 by Tokkyo Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of HGH-450 by Tokkyo Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 6, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (2,105 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

HGH-450 contains 7 ingredients, most of which are amino acids. The active components are L-glutamine, L-arginine, chromium, L-glycine, L-ornithine, L-lysine, and Ornithine Alphaketoglutarate, plus a proprietary blend.

The product also contains inactive ingredients—gelatin, silica, magnesium stearate, maltodextrose, cellulose, arginine, and agmatine sulfate—which serve as binders, fillers, and capsule material.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Muscle builder complex hormone muscle activator.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Muscle strength, Physical performance, Postoperative recovery, Wound healing — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Ornithine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Postoperative recovery.
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.

The evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed and limited. L-glutamine is effective for sickle cell disease and possibly effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting, postoperative recovery, and critical illness from trauma.

L-arginine's effectiveness rating is not established in our data. Chromium is likely effective for chromium deficiency and possibly effective for diabetes, though it appears possibly ineffective for prediabetes and hypertension.

L-glycine is possibly effective for schizophrenia but has insufficient evidence for ADHD, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and cystic fibrosis. L-ornithine and Ornithine Alphaketoglutarate are possibly effective for athletic performance but lack sufficient evidence for dry skin, insomnia, and periodontitis.

L-lysine is possibly effective for cold sores but has insufficient evidence for child growth, pressure ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine L-arginine Chromium Glycine Ornithine Lysine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-glutamine and L-arginine are generally well tolerated short-term but come with important caveats. L-glutamine can cause belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and gastrointestinal pain; people with kidney or liver disease should use it only under medical supervision.

L-arginine can lower blood pressure and cause abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, and flushing. Chromium is usually well tolerated at typical doses but can cause gastrointestinal irritation, headache, insomnia, and mood changes; rare cases of kidney and liver damage have been reported.

L-glycine is generally well tolerated and rarely causes mild sedation, insomnia, or nausea; L-ornithine and Ornithine Alphaketoglutarate have limited long-term safety data. L-lysine is generally well tolerated but may cause stomach upset at high doses, and one case of kidney problems has been reported.

For pregnancy, L-glutamine and chromium are likely safe, L-arginine is possibly safe, and L-lysine, L-glycine, L-ornithine, and Ornithine Alphaketoglutarate lack sufficient safety data—talk with your doctor before using during pregnancy. For breastfeeding, safety data are limited or absent for all ingredients; discuss with your doctor or pharmacist before use.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine L-arginine Chromium Glycine Ornithine Lysine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lysine, L-arginine, Glutamine, Chromium, Glycine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 486 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking HGH-450, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, diabetes drugs, insulin, blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (like warfarin or aspirin), levothyroxine (thyroid medication), potassium-sparing water pills, heart medications like isoproterenol, sildenafil (Viagra), seizure medications, or serotonin-affecting drugs (5-HT4 agonists). No interactions are documented for L-ornithine or Ornithine Alphaketoglutarate in our data.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

HGH-450 is an amino acid blend marketed for muscle and athletic support, but its effectiveness for any specific condition is either limited or not established in our data. If you take any blood pressure medication, blood thinner, diabetes drug, thyroid medication, or seizure medication, you need to check this product with your doctor or pharmacist before starting—the interaction risks are real.

Even without medications, the long-term safety profile of most ingredients remains unclear.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 31, 2018.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about HGH-450, straight from the product label.

Brand Tokkyo Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 896896002514
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 31, 2018
DSLD ID 180518
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for HGH-450 by Tokkyo Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
896896002514
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Glutamine0 NP--
L-Arginine0 NP--
Chromium0 NP--
L-Glycine0 NP--
L-Ornithine0 NP--
L-Lysine0 NP--
Proprietary Blend2105 mg--
Ornithine Alphaketoglutarate0 NP--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Maltodextrose, Cellulose, Arginine, Agmatine Sulfate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Precautions

Consult a physician before using this product.

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if tamper-evident seal is broken.

Read all label information and warnings. Do not exceed recommended dosage.

If you are a professional or amateur athlete subject to performance enhancing substance testing, do not use this product unless cleared by your sanctioning body as it may cause a false reactive result for a urine or blood drug test.

Allergen Warning: Manufactured in a facility that processes milk, soy and egg proteins, nuts, and other tree nuts and wheat.

Warning: Consult your physician before using this product. This product is only intended to be consumed by healthy adult males 18 years of age or older.

Pregnant or lactating women should consult their health care professional before using this product.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place 15-30 degrees C (59-86 degrees F).

General Statements

Muscle builder Complex hormone muscle activator

Build muscle Increase endurance Improve recovery

Seals/Symbols

Made in USA

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Designed using the latest in innovative technology, HGH-450 is made with free-form L-Arginine and L-Glutamine to increase absorption by up to 400% Supplementing with HGH-450 been found to help increase lean muscle mass, achieve greater endurance and a faster recovery.

This product is only intended to be consumed by healthy adult males 18 years of age or older.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions for use: As a dietary supplement take (1) one capsules in the morning and (1) one capsules in the afternoon with a meal. Drink at least 6-8 glasses of water daily while using this supplement.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

HGH-450 by Tokkyo Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

HGH-450 label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in HGH-450 by Tokkyo Nutrition

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

2105 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Maltodextrose, Cellulose, Arginine, Agmatine Sulfate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

HGH-450 by Tokkyo Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against HGH-450?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
486Drugs
448 Moderate 38 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

L-Arginine 403
Chromium 178
L-Glutamine 50
L-Glycine 1
L-Lysine 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in HGH-450 interact with 486 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 7 ingredients in HGH-450 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. L-Arginine Chromium L-Glutamine L-Glycine L-Lysine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in HGH-450 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

L-Arginine9 drug types · 403 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and ACE inhibitors may increase the risk for hypotension and hyperkalemia.
Combining L-arginine with some antihypertensive drugs, especially ACE inhibitors, seems to have additive vasodilating and blood pressure-lowering effects. Furthermore, ACE inhibitors can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of ACE inhibitors with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and ARBs may increase the risk of hypotension and hyperkalemia.
L-arginine increases nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. Combining L-arginine with ARBs seems to increase L-arginine-induced vasodilation. Furthermore, ARBs can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of ARBs with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Preliminary research suggests that L-arginine infusions reduce platelet aggregation in humans. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research shows that L-arginine decreases blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and antihypertensive drugs may increase the risk of hypotension.
L-arginine increases nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. Clinical evidence shows that L-arginine can reduce blood pressure in some individuals with hypertension. Furthermore, combining L-arginine with some antihypertensive drugs seems to have additive vasodilating and blood pressure-lowering effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

Theoretically, concurrent use of isoproterenol and L-arginine might result in additive effects and hypotension.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that L-arginine enhances isoproterenol-induced vasodilation in patients with essential hypertension or a family history of essential hypertension.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Theoretically concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Potassium-sparing diuretics can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sildenafil (Viagra)

Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and L-arginine might increase the risk for hypotension.
In vivo, concurrent use of L-arginine and sildenafil has resulted in increased vasodilation. Theoretically, concurrent use might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Testosterone

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and testosterone might have additive effects.
In clinical research, L-arginine increases the level of testosterone in male patients with erectile dysfunction. The clinical significance of this finding is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Arginine full monograph & interactions

Chromium5 drug types · 178 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, chromium may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research shows that taking chromium might lower blood glucose levels, especially in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Insulin

Theoretically, concomitant use of chromium and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In clinical research, chromium has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity,

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Chromium might bind levothyroxine in the intestinal tract and decrease levothyroxine absorption.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking chromium picolinate 1000 mcg with levothyroxine 1 mg decreases serum levels of levothyroxine by 17% when compared to taking levothyroxine alone. Advise patients to take levothyroxine at least 30 minutes before or 3-4 hours after taking chromium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, aspirin might increase chromium absorption.
Animal research suggests that aspirin may increase chromium absorption and chromium levels in the blood.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids)

NSAIDs might increase chromium levels in the body.
Drugs that are prostaglandin inhibitors, such as NSAIDs, seem to increase chromium absorption and retention.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chromium full monograph & interactions

L-Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Glutamine full monograph & interactions

L-Glycine1 drug type · 1 drug

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Theoretically, glycine might decrease the effectiveness of clozapine.
One small clinical study in patients with schizophrenia shows that adding glycine to clozapine therapy worsens symptoms of schizophrenia when compared with clozapine alone. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
L-Glycine full monograph & interactions

L-Lysine1 drug type · 1 drug

5-Ht4 Agonists

Theoretically, lysine may reduce the effects of 5-HT4 agonists.
Animal research suggests that L-lysine is a partial serotonin receptor 4 (5-HT4) antagonist and inhibits diarrhea induced by the 5-HT4 agonist, 5-hydroxytryptophane.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
L-Lysine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for HGH-450, from the product label.

Tokkyo Nutrition

See all Tokkyo Nutrition products
Name
BTE Wholesalers, LLC
Street Address
587 2nd Street, Suite B
City
Manchester
State
NH
ZipCode
03102
Phone Number
1.866.320.0141
Web Address
www.Tokkyonutrition.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

HGH-450 by Tokkyo Nutrition: Common Questions

Does HGH-450 by Tokkyo Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, HGH-450 has a known interaction with 486 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
HGH-450 contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I have high blood pressure?
Not without checking first. L-arginine in this product can lower blood pressure, which may be dangerous if you're already taking blood pressure medication or ACE inhibitors. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.
Will this product work for building muscle?
L-ornithine and Ornithine Alphaketoglutarate are possibly effective for athletic performance, but the overall effectiveness of this blend for muscle building isn't established in our data. Your doctor or a sports dietitian can give you more personalized guidance.
Can I take this while pregnant?
L-glutamine and chromium are likely safe in pregnancy, but L-arginine, L-lysine, L-glycine, L-ornithine, and Ornithine Alphaketoglutarate lack enough safety data. Talk with your doctor before using it during pregnancy to make the right choice for you.
What are the most common side effects?
Most ingredients cause mild gastrointestinal effects—belching, bloating, nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. Headache and mood changes have also been reported. These usually resolve on their own, but stop taking it and contact your doctor if they persist or worsen.
Can I take this with my diabetes medication?
L-arginine and chromium both lower blood sugar, so combining them with diabetes drugs or insulin could push your levels dangerously low. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before adding this product to your routine.
Is this the same as glutamine I can get from food?
No—this product contains supplement-dose L-glutamine, which is much higher than what you'd get from eating protein-rich foods. Supplement doses have different safety considerations, so talk with your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

HGH-450 label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind HGH-450’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Glutamine

Interacts with 50 drugs

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...

Read the full Glutamine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

L-arginine

Interacts with 403 drugs

L-arginine is an amino acid that the body uses to make nitric oxide, a substance that helps blood vessels relax and widen. It is popularly used for blood pressure, erectile dysfunction, and...

Read the full L-arginine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chromium

Interacts with 178 drugs

Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in how the body handles sugar and fat. Some studies suggest it may modestly help blood sugar control in certain people with type 2 diabetes, b...

Read the full Chromium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glycine

Interacts with 1 drug

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep quality, where early research is promisin...

Read the full Glycine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Ornithine

Ornithine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes naturally as part of the urea cycle, which helps remove ammonia. It is sold as a supplement for fatigue, exercise recovery, and sleep,...

Read the full Ornithine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lysine

Interacts with 1 drug

Lysine is an essential amino acid your body cannot make on its own, so it must come from food or supplements. People most often take extra lysine to try to prevent or shorten cold sores, but...

Read the full Lysine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

HGH-450's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 143 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

L-arginine 66 references
  1. Sapienza MA, Kharitonov SA, Horvath I, et al. Effect of inhaled L-arginine on exhaled nitric oxide in normal and asthmatic subjects. Thorax 1998;53:172-5.
  2. Clarkson P, Adams MR, Powe AJ, et al. Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults. J Clin Invest 1996;97:1989-94. PubMed
  3. Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ, Motro M. L-arginine: Rediscovery in progress. Cardiology 1998;90:153-9.
  4. Brittenden J, Park KGM, Heys SD, et al. L-Arginine stimulates host defenses in patients with breast cancer. Surgery 1994;115:205-12.
  5. Korting GE, Smith SD, Wheeler MA, et al. A randomized double-blind trial of oral L-arginine for treatment of interstitial cystitis. J Urol 1999;161:558-65. DOI
  6. Rector TS, Bank AJ, Mullen KA, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of supplemental oral L-arginine in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1996;93:2135-41.
  7. Siani A, Pagano E, Iacone R, et al. Blood pressure and metabolic changes during dietary L-arginine supplementation in humans. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:547-51. PubMed
  8. Cheng JW, Balwin SN. L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:755-64. PubMed
  9. Wallace AW, Tom WL. Interaction of L-arginine and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in vasodilation of the porcine internal mammary artery. Anesth Analg 2000;90:840-6. DOI
  10. Huynh NT, Tayek JA. Oral arginine reduces systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: its potential role in nitric oxide generation. J Am Coll Nutr 2002;21:422-7.. PubMed
  11. Staff AC, Berge L, Haugen G, et al. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or placebo in women with pre-eclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004;83:103-7.
  12. Resnick DJ, Softness B, Murphy AR, et al. Case report of an anaphylactoid reaction to arginine. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:67-8. PubMed
  13. Anon. Arginine hydrochloride injection (marketed as R-Gene 10). FDA Drug Safety Newsletter 2009;2(2):16-18. Available at: www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugSafetyNewsletter/default.htm.
  14. Higashi Y, Oshima T, Sasaki S, et. al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, but not calcium antagonism, improves a response of the renal vasculature to L-arginine in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1998 Jul;32(1):16-24.
  15. Facchinetti, F., Longo, M., Piccinini, F., Neri, I., and Volpe, A. L-arginine infusion reduces blood pressure in preeclamptic women through nitric oxide release. J Soc Gynecol.Investig. 1999;6(4):202-207. DOI
  16. de Gouw, H. W., Verbruggen, M. B., Twiss, I. M., and Sterk, P. J. Effect of oral L-arginine on airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in asthma. Thorax 1999;54(11):1033-1035. PubMed
  17. Komers, R., Komersova, K., Kazdova, L., Ruzickova, J., and Pelikanova, T. Effect of ACE inhibition and angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade on renal and blood pressure response to L-arginine in humans. J Hypertens. 2000;18(1):51-59. PubMed
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Glycine 5 references
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Ornithine 1 reference
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Lysine 7 references
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