Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by MET-Rx

ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Mineral
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor is a dietary supplement by MET-Rx with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 397 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, Chromium, Potassium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor by MET-Rx

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor by MET-Rx — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor by MET-Rx

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 13, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 3 active ingredients: sodium, potassium, and chromium. Sodium is an electrolyte essential for nerve and muscle function, but the facts focus on its role in conditions like cystic fibrosis where it may be effective, and its interactions with medications that manage blood pressure and heart rhythm.

Potassium is another key electrolyte needed for heart and muscle work. Chromium is a trace mineral that may play a role in how your body handles blood sugar — it's likely effective for chromium deficiency and possibly effective for diabetes, though the evidence for prediabetes and other uses is limited or doesn't support benefit.

The product also contains inactive ingredients (fillers, flavors, preservatives, and colorants) including water, a protein blend, natural flavors, phosphoric acid, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sucralose, malic acid, acesulfame potassium, EDTA, and FD&C Blue No. 1.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: lean muscle strength and recovery.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, muscle protein synthesis, post-exercise recovery, lean body mass.
  • The closest evidence on file: Chromium is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).

Sodium is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for preventing kidney damage from amphotericin B (an antifungal drug). The evidence isn't established in our data for its use in bipolar disorder or heart failure.

Chromium is likely effective for chromium deficiency. It's possibly effective for type 2 diabetes, but the evidence doesn't support it for prediabetes, schizophrenia, or high blood pressure.

We hold no effectiveness ratings for potassium in the data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Potassium Chromium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated in normal dietary amounts — the safety concern is excess. Too much sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease in the long run.

The facts caution against sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. Potassium from food is fine, but supplements can cause dangerously high blood levels, especially in people with kidney disease; the most serious rare side effects include heart arrhythmias, heart block, low blood pressure, and cardiac arrest.

Chromium is generally well tolerated at typical supplement doses, though high or long-term doses may pose risks. Rare serious effects include kidney and liver damage and blood cell problems.

Skin rashes and contact dermatitis have been reported. Regarding pregnancy and lactation: sodium is likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe during breastfeeding — talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized guidance.

Potassium is likely safe in both pregnancy and lactation. Chromium is likely safe in pregnancy and possibly safe in lactation, but extra supplement doses should be avoided unless your doctor recommends them.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Potassium Chromium

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Potassium, Chromium, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 397 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on any of the following: blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), corticosteroids, lithium, diabetes drugs or insulin, blood pressure or heart medications that work on the renin-angiotensin system (ACE inhibitors or ARBs), potassium-sparing water pills, thyroid medication (levothyroxine), or NSAIDs and aspirin. These carry Moderate or Minor interactions with sodium, potassium, or chromium in this product.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is intended for electrolyte and trace mineral supplementation, particularly where chromium or potassium support may be relevant — but the interactions are real and worth a close look. If you're on blood pressure medication, heart drugs, diabetes treatment, lithium, thyroid medication, or water pills, talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist before you start.

They can check your exact medicines against this product and advise whether it's right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 21, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand MET-Rx
Barcode (UPC) 786560507325
Net contents 20 fl. Oz.; 1.25 PT; 591 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 21, 2012
DSLD ID 15725
Product type Mineral
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor by MET-Rx, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
20 fl. Oz.
Maximum serving Sizes:
20 fl. Oz.
UPC/BARCODE
786560507325
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories190 {Calories}--
Total Carbohydrates3 g1%
Sugar0 g--
Protein42 g84%
Sodium60 mg3%
Potassium65 mg2%
Cholesterol10 mg3%
Total Fat0 g--
Chromium20 mcg17%

Other ingredients: Water, Protein Blend, Natural Flavors, Phosphoric Acid, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Sucralose, Malic Acid, Acesulfame Potassium, EDTA, FD&C Blue No. 1

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

LEAN MASS & STRENGTH

Whey isolate is a fast and easily digested protein — to supply your muscles with aminos right after a workout or anytime.* The ultrafiltration process helps remove fats, lactose and other impurities to deliver a more pure protein with a high biological value for muscle support.*

42G WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATE: • Supports lean muscle, strength and recovery* • Utilizes ultrafiltered Whey isolate for greater protein purity

Naturally Flavored

CA CASH REFUND ME 5¢

Not a reduced calorie food

CONTENTS MAY SETTLE.

Brand IP Statement(s)

MET-Rx(R) ISO 42 is a premier protein supplement designed with high quality, ultrafiltered Whey protein isolate.

(C)2012

MET-Rx(R) Shaping Every Body(TM).

Formulation

• 99% Lactose Free

>>ZERO SUGAR

Formula

WHEY ISOLATE >>g WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATE

Contains milk ingredients.

Precautions

As a reminder, discuss the supplements and medications you take with your health care providers.

WARNING: If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before use.

Discontinue use and consult your doctor if any adverse reactions occur.

Not intended for use by persons under the age of 18. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

TAMPER RESISTANT: DO NOT USE IF CAP IS BROKEN.

>>LESS THAN 1% DV OF CARBS

NOTICE: Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

Storage

STORE UNOPENED CONTAINER AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND AVOID EXCESSIVE HEAT.

REFRIGERATE AFTER OPENING.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.

DIRECTIONS: Drink one bottle, preferably within 30 minutes after a workout, or consume anytime as a protein supplement.

General

50733 00A B50732 DAB

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor by MET-Rx label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor by MET-Rx

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size20 fl. Oz. Dosage formLiquid Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

0 g per serving

Protein

42 g per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
60 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs
65 mg per serving

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

Chromium

Interacts with
178 drugs
20 mcg per serving Form: Chromium Picolinate

Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in how the body handles sugar and fat. Some studies suggest it may modestly help blood sugar control i...

Chromium monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Protein Blend, Natural Flavors, Phosphoric Acid, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Sucralose, Malic Acid, Acesulfame Potassium, EDTA, FD&C Blue No. 1. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor by MET-Rx Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
397Drugs
309 Moderate 88 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Chromium 178
Potassium 62

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor interact with 397 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 5 ingredients in ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium Chromium Potassium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Chromium5 drug types · 178 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, chromium may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research shows that taking chromium might lower blood glucose levels, especially in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Insulin

Theoretically, concomitant use of chromium and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In clinical research, chromium has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity,

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Chromium might bind levothyroxine in the intestinal tract and decrease levothyroxine absorption.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking chromium picolinate 1000 mcg with levothyroxine 1 mg decreases serum levels of levothyroxine by 17% when compared to taking levothyroxine alone. Advise patients to take levothyroxine at least 30 minutes before or 3-4 hours after taking chromium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, aspirin might increase chromium absorption.
Animal research suggests that aspirin may increase chromium absorption and chromium levels in the blood.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids)

NSAIDs might increase chromium levels in the body.
Drugs that are prostaglandin inhibitors, such as NSAIDs, seem to increase chromium absorption and retention.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chromium full monograph & interactions

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor, from the product label.

MET-Rx

See all MET-Rx products
Web Address
www.MET-Rx.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor by MET-Rx: Common Questions

Does ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor by MET-Rx interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor has a known interaction with 397 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm on blood pressure medication?
Sodium in this product can reduce how well blood pressure drugs work. You'll need to talk with your doctor or pharmacist about your specific medications — they can tell you whether this product is a good fit for you.
Can I take this if I have kidney disease?
The facts don't spell out specific guidance for kidney disease, but both sodium and potassium are handled by your kidneys, so this is a conversation for your doctor or pharmacist — they know your kidney function and can advise.
What does chromium do in this product?
Chromium is a trace mineral likely effective for chromium deficiency and possibly effective for type 2 diabetes. The evidence doesn't support it for prediabetes or high blood pressure.
Will this help my blood sugar?
Chromium in this product is possibly effective for type 2 diabetes, but if you're already on diabetes medication or insulin, you'll need to check with your doctor first — chromium can increase the risk of low blood sugar when combined with those drugs.
Is this okay to take during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
Sodium is likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe while breastfeeding. Potassium is likely safe in both. Chromium is likely safe in pregnancy and possibly safe while breastfeeding, but extra supplement doses should be avoided unless your doctor recommends them. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for guidance that fits your situation.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Potassium

Interacts with 62 drugs

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. P...

Read the full Potassium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chromium

Interacts with 178 drugs

Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in how the body handles sugar and fat. Some studies suggest it may modestly help blood sugar control in certain people with type 2 diabetes, b...

Read the full Chromium monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

ISO 42 Blue Raspberry Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 103 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
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See these in context on the Chromium monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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