Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 2 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Dymatize

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange label
See full label image
Powder Category: Amino Acid/protein
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange is a dietary supplement by Dymatize with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 205 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange by Dymatize

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange by Dymatize — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange by Dymatize

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 1 active ingredient.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear by Dymatize is a single-ingredient product: sodium. The powder itself is made from hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (a rapidly absorbed protein), natural flavors, citric acid, sea salt, and steviol glycosides (a stevia-derived sweetener).

Sodium is an electrolyte your body needs to regulate fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions. In this product, it comes from the sea salt in the formula and other sodium sources in the protein base.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle building and fitness goals.
  • We looked for evidence on: muscle strength, athletic performance, protein synthesis, exercise recovery.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

Sodium is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for protecting the kidneys from amphotericin B toxicity. We hold insufficient evidence to know whether it helps congestive heart failure or bipolar disorder.

If you're taking this product for one of those last two conditions, talk with your doctor about whether the evidence supports it for your situation.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated in normal amounts — the amounts most people get from food are fine. The problem arises with excess intake.

Too much sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease. Long-term high intake also carries a small risk of gastric cancer.

The pregnancy and lactation data for sodium are mixed: it's rated likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe during breastfeeding, so talk with your OB or pharmacist if you're pregnant or nursing. One note: very low sodium levels can increase the risk of weak bones and fractures, but that's the opposite problem — it happens with certain diseases or medications, not from eating or drinking normal amounts.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: lithium.
  • For scale: 205 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist before using this product if you take blood pressure medications, lithium, corticosteroids, didanosine (an HIV drug), tolvaptan, sodium phosphate bowel prep, or any other sodium-containing medication. Altogether, these interactions span 203 individual medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a whey protein powder with sodium added. If you have high blood pressure, take lithium, use corticosteroids, or are on certain other medications listed above, check your exact drugs before using it.

Even if you don't take those medications, avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without talking to your doctor — normal dietary sodium from food is fine.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 24, 2019.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange, straight from the product label.

Brand Dymatize
Barcode (UPC) 705016340019
Net contents 17.64 Oz(s); 1.1 lb; 500 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 24, 2019
DSLD ID 204699
Product type Amino Acid/protein
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange by Dymatize, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
25 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
25 Gram(s)
Servings per container
20
UPC/BARCODE
705016340019
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories90 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)--
Sodium95 mg4%
Cholesterol5 mg2%
Total Fat0 Gram(s)--
Protein20 Gram(s)40%
Added Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Total Sugars0 Gram(s)--

Other ingredients: hydrolyzed Whey Protein isolate, Whey Protein Isolate, Natural flavors, Citric Acid, Sea Salt, Steviol Glycosides

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Seals/Symbols

Informed-Choice.org Trusted by sport

Dymatize Born in the USA

General Statements

Informed-Choice is a quality assurance program that certifies that all nutritional supplements and/or ingredients that bear the Informed-Choice logo have been tested for banned substances by the world class sports anti-doping lab, LGC.

Known worldwide for quality, taste and purity Produced to our highest quality standards. ISO100 is formulated using a cross-flow microfiltration, multi-step purification process that preserves important muscle-building protein fractions while removing excess carbohydrates, fat, lactose and cholesterol. Available in a variety of delicious, indulgent flavors, ISO100 is the perfect before-workout, after-workout, anytime protein.

Real science & quality Dymatize protein powders are always manufactured in GMP Certified facilities, meaning that all ingredients and final products are rigorously tested and validated clean and safe.

Naturally flavored with other natural flavors

Get Dymatized

Sold by weight not volume

Banned substance tested

20 servings

The FDA has said no significant difference has been shown, and no test can now distinguish milk from rbst-treated and untreated cows.

Not a significant source of Saturated Fat, Trans Fat, Cholesterol, Dietary Fiber, Vitamin D, Calcium, Iron and Potassium.

Typical Amino Acid Profile 18g Total Amino Acid Per Serving BCAAs 4g 49% Essential Amino Acids (EAAs): 8.8g Leucine 2.1g Why Leucine? Leucine is the BCAA that is directly involved in activating Muscle Protein Synthesis. Other EAAs 4.8g 27% Conditionally Essential Amino Acids (CEAAs): 4.9g Is Glutamine important? Yes! Glutamine supports muscle recovery after strenuous workouts. Glutamine 3.0g Other CEAAs 1.9g Non-EAAs 4.3g 24% Non-Essential Amino Acids (Non-EAAs): 4.3g Why is non-essential...essential? Non-essential aminos are foundational building blocks of muscle!

All Amino Acids are naturally occurring in protein. Amounts are based on one serving. Full Amino Acid Profile can be found at: Dymatize.com/ISO100ClearPowder

Produced in the USA from domestic and international ingredients.

Perfecting athletic nutrition

Formula

Amounts per serving Protein 20g Calories 90 Carbs <1g Fat 0g Sugar 0g BCAAs 4g Leucine 2.1g Lactose <0.5g

Fruit flavor meets high function. Try a refreshing light way to achieve your muscle-building and fitness goals. ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Protein Powder is an excellent option if you are in the mood for something simple, clear, crisp and refreshing but still want high-quality and convenient Protein you can sip on and enjoy throughout the day. Our fruit inspired, not-too-sweet, well-crafted flavors contain no artificial colors or flavors and are sweetened with Stevia. Don't let the light, refreshing taste and simple ingredients of ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Protein Powder fool you; it still packs 20 grams of Protein, 4 grams of BCAAs and 2.1 grams of Leucine per serving to crush even the most extreme muscle-building and strength goals.

They are banned substance tested for athlete’s reassurance by Informed-Choice (www.informed-choice.org).

Dymatize protein ethics 100% of the protein claimed per serving is derived from high-quality, pure, intact proteins. We do not amino spike.

Protein powder 100% Whey Protein Isolate

Sweetened with Stevia

100% of the Protein from Whey Protein Isolate.

Contains: Milk

Includes Glutamic Acid

Formulation

Dymatize protein ethics 100% of the protein claimed per serving is derived from high-quality, pure, intact proteins. We do not amino spike.

No artificial colors or flavors No added growth hormones rbST Free

Gluten free

Precautions

Notice: Use this product as a Food Supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

Contains: Milk

Keep out of reach of children.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Formulated for easy mixing. Add one scoop (included) to 10 fl. oz. (296 ml) of water and mix thoroughly. After shaking, wait about one minute for foaming to settle and enjoy.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange by Dymatize label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange by Dymatize

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size25 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
95 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Protein

20 Gram(s) per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hydrolyzed Whey Protein isolate, Whey Protein Isolate, Natural flavors, Citric Acid, Sea Salt, Steviol Glycosides. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange by Dymatize Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
205Drugs
205 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange interact with 205 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 2 ingredients in ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange, from the product label.

Dymatize

See all Dymatize products
Name
Dymatize Enterprises, LLC
City
Dallas
State
TX
ZipCode
75207
Phone Number
(888) 334-5326
Web Address
Dymatize.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange by Dymatize: Common Questions

Does ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange by Dymatize interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange has a known interaction with 205 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I use this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The data show sodium is likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe during breastfeeding. If you're pregnant or nursing, talk with your OB or pharmacist before using this product — they can give you personalized advice based on your health.
Does this product have any side effects?
Sodium is well tolerated at normal amounts. In excess, it can worsen high blood pressure, heart disease, and kidney disease. Serious side effects are rare but possible with very high intake.
Is there sodium in this product?
Yes. This product is made from whey protein isolate, which includes sea salt and other sodium sources. If you're watching your sodium intake, check the nutrition label for the exact amount per serving, and talk with your doctor before using it if you have high blood pressure or heart disease.
Does this work for weight loss or muscle gain?
The data we hold focus on sodium's role in cystic fibrosis and kidney protection — not on its use for fitness. The whey protein isolate in this product may support muscle, but that's a question for your doctor or a registered dietitian.
How much sodium does this product contain?
The product facts don't specify the sodium amount per serving. Check the nutrition label on the package or contact the manufacturer directly.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

ISO100 Hydrolyzed Clear Pineapple Orange's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 38 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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