kApex Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by BiOptimizers
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking kApex against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
kApex is a dietary supplement by BiOptimizers with 12 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for low stomach acid (hypochlorhydria), bloating and gas, indigestion.Based on those ingredients, 793 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dandelion, Powder, Astragalus Extract, Notoginseng extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against kApex by BiOptimizers
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with kApex by BiOptimizers — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of kApex by BiOptimizers
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
kApex contains 14 ingredients total, of which 8 are active: betaine HCl (to support stomach acid), dandelion powder (a plant extract), ubiquinol (the active form of CoQ10, a cellular energy compound), astragalus extract (an herbal immune support), three proteases (protein-digesting enzymes), fungal lipase (a fat-digesting enzyme), and L-carnitine (an amino acid that plays a role in cellular energy). The product also contains inactive ingredients—rice extract, cellulose, and water—which serve as fillers and binders.
Does it work?
Not established
The evidence picture is mixed. Ubiquinol (CoQ10) is rated Effective for CoQ10 deficiency and Possibly Effective for fibromyalgia, migraines, heart failure, and diabetic nerve pain.
L-carnitine is Effective for L-carnitine deficiency and Possibly Effective for high cholesterol, heart failure, and angina. For the other active ingredients—betaine HCl, dandelion, astragalus, the proteases, and lipase—the evidence we hold shows Insufficient Reliable Evidence to rate their effectiveness for the conditions they're marketed for.
That doesn't mean they don't work; it means the research isn't established in our data.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Most ingredients are generally well tolerated at typical doses. Betaine HCl is not safe for people with ulcers, gastritis, or true acid reflux—it can irritate your stomach and cause heartburn.
Dandelion is usually gentle when eaten as food but can cause diarrhea, heartburn, or stomach upset at supplement doses; rare cases of allergic reactions including anaphylaxis have been reported, especially in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants. Astragalus is well tolerated short-term in healthy adults but has limited quality safety data.
The proteases may occasionally cause digestive upset or allergic reactions. CoQ10 and lipase are generally well tolerated; GI side effects are uncommon.
L-carnitine at high doses can cause stomach upset and a fishy body odor. For pregnancy: betaine HCl, dandelion, astragalus, and the proteases should be avoided—there isn't enough safety data.
CoQ10 and lipase have insufficient pregnancy data, so talk to your doctor. For breastfeeding: safety data is limited for all ingredients; check with your healthcare provider first.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking kApex, check your exact medications if you take: blood thinners like warfarin or acenocoumarol (Moderate), blood sugar medications (Moderate), lithium (Moderate), acid-reducing drugs like omeprazole or famotidine (Minor), or thyroid hormone replacement (Moderate). Dandelion may also reduce quinolone antibiotic levels and could interact with CYP1A2 substrates and immune suppressants.
If any of these apply, verify with your pharmacist.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
kApex is an enzyme and herb blend designed to support digestion. If you take blood thinners, lithium, diabetes medications, acid-reducing drugs, thyroid hormone, or certain cancer therapies, you'll want to check your specific medications with the tool below before starting.
Anyone with ulcers, gastritis, or true reflux should skip the betaine HCl. Talk to your pharmacist before adding this to your routine, especially if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 12 of 14 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 24, 2025.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about kApex, straight from the product label.
| Brand | BiOptimizers |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 0689176916140 |
| Net contents | 120 Veggie Cap(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jul 24, 2025 |
| DSLD ID | 334467 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for kApex by BiOptimizers, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Betaine HCl | 41.2 mg | -- |
| Dandelion, Powder | 1.4 mg | -- |
| Ubiquinol | 34 mg | -- |
| Astragalus Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Protease 3.0 | 0 NP | -- |
| Protease 4.5 | 0 NP | -- |
| Protease 6.0 | 0 NP | -- |
| InnoSlim | 90 mg | -- |
| Lipase, Fungal | 0 NP | -- |
| Trace Minerals | 0 NP | -- |
| AstraZyme | 50 mg | -- |
| Notoginseng extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Tri-Phase | 477 mg | -- |
| Lipa4 Lipase | 70 mg | -- |
| Lipase, Fungal | 0 NP | -- |
| Lipase, Fungal | 0 NP | -- |
| L-Carnitine, Powder | 236 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Rice extract, Cellulose, Water
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
kApex is an advanced enzyme formulation designed to help break down fat and protein, aid digestion and promote ketogenesis. May support those on a high fat, ketogenic, paleo or low carb diet. May help boost energy and help maintain a healthy weight.
Optimized digestive solutions Supports keto digestion
Vegan
Gluten-free Soy-free
Formula
May support those on a high fat, ketogenic, paleo or low carb diet.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: Take 2 capsules with each meal. (May take 2-4 capsules with each meal and 4-6 capsules upon wakening on an empty stomach.)
Storage
Store in a cool/dry location.
Precautions
Caution: Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use if ulcer or gastritis are present. As with any product, discontinue immediately if adverse effects occur. Please consult a physician before beginning any new supplement, diet, training program, or if you are undergoing treatment of a medical condition.
General Statements
To reorder or contact us, please visit: BiOptimizers.com.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
kApex by BiOptimizers label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in kApex by BiOptimizers
These are the 12 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Betaine HCl
Interacts with36 drugs
Betaine hydrochloride is a supplement used to temporarily increase stomach acid in people who may have low acid levels. Evidence for its benefits is l...
Betaine HCl monograph & interactionsDandelion, Powder
Interacts with457 drugs
Dandelion is a common plant used in food and traditional medicine, often promoted as a natural 'water pill' and digestive aid. Human evidence for thes...
Dandelion, Powder monograph & interactionsUbiquinol
Interacts with198 drugs
CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated...
Ubiquinol monograph & interactionsInnoSlim
AstraZyme
- › Astragalus Extract
- › Trace Minerals
- › Notoginseng extract
Tri-Phase
Lipa4 Lipase
No knowninteractions
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy fo...
Lipa4 Lipase monograph & interactionsL-Carnitine, Powder
Interacts with19 drugs
L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most...
L-Carnitine, Powder monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Rice extract, Cellulose, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
kApex by BiOptimizers Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
kApex by BiOptimizers contains several active ingredients with documented medication interactions.
The most serious interactions are Moderate in severity, affecting a range of drug types.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Betaine HCl mildly reduces the effectiveness of acid-reducing medications (antacids, H2-blockers like famotidine, and proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole) by increasing stomach acidity—theoretically countering what these drugs are meant to do.
Dandelion and astragalus both carry Moderate interactions with blood sugar medications (antidiabetes drugs), lithium, and several others. Dandelion specifically may increase levels of drugs processed by your liver's CYP1A2 enzyme, increase bleeding risk with blood thinners (anticoagulants and antiplatelets), and may reduce how well quinolone antibiotics (like ciprofloxacin) work.
Astragalus could interfere with immune-suppressing medications and chemotherapy like cyclophosphamide. Ubiquinol (CoQ10) may reduce warfarin's blood-thinning effect and has a Moderate interaction with some cancer drugs; it can also add to blood pressure-lowering medications.
L-carnitine may enhance blood thinners (warfarin and acenocoumarol) and could weaken thyroid hormone replacement.
We could not check InnoSlim, Trace Minerals, or Notoginseng extract—no data is on file for them. Run your exact medications through the interaction checker below before starting.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against kApex?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in kApex interact with 793 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
6 of the 12 ingredients in kApex interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Dandelion, Powder Astragalus Extract Notoginseng extract Ubiquinol Betaine HCl L-Carnitine, Powder
6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with kApex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Astragalus ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Astragalus Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with kApex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Abciximab interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Abrocitinib interactionAstragalus ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Astragalus Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Astragalus ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking astragalus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Astragalus Extract + Acarbose interactionDandelion, PowderAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acarbose interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acenocoumarol interactionL-carnitine, PowderAcenocoumarol (sintrom) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
Read the full L-carnitine, Powder + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Aspirin Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Aspirin +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Notoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionDandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Notoginseng ExtractCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng may decrease the levels and clinical effects of caffeine.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionDandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Notoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionDandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Notoginseng ExtractCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng may decrease the levels and clinical effects of caffeine.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionDandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Notoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionDandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Notoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionDandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic GG
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineAlka-Seltzer PLUS, Histex SR, Protid
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, SalicylamideRhinogesic, Rhinogesic JR
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlumadrine, Conex, Sinadrin Max Strength, Sinulin
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with kApex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dandelion, PowderGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Dandelion, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNotoginseng ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Notoginseng Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in kApex with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Dandelion, Powder
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that dandelion root inhibits platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion extract may have moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity and might also increase insulin secretion. Also, in a case report, a 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was being treated with insulin developed hypoglycemia 2 weeks after beginning to eat salads containing dandelion.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, until more is known, watch for an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking dandelion.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
There is some preliminary evidence that dandelion might induce UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, a phase II enzyme.
Lithium
Theoretically, through diuretic effects, dandelion might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that dandelion has diuretic properties. As diuretics can increase serum lithium levels, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when taken with dandelion.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Dandelion contains significant amounts of potassium.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Theoretically, dandelion might lower fluoroquinolone levels.
Animal research shows that dandelion reduces absorption of ciprofloxacin and can lower levels by 73%. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Astragalus Extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking astragalus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research in humans shows that astragalus might have hypoglycemic effects. Theoretically, taking astragalus, especially in combination with other hypoglycemic agents, might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Cyclophosphamide
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with cyclophosphamide therapy.
Evidence regarding the effect of astragalus on immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide is conflicting. Some animal research suggests that astragalus reverses cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. However, other animal research shows no effect.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Astragalus seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, taking astragalus might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
Lithium
Theoretically, astragalus might increase levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research suggests that astragalus has diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to this diuretic effect, astragalus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Notoginseng extract
Aspirin
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng concomitantly with aspirin may increase the risk of adverse effects from both products.
Animal research shows that taking Panax notoginseng extract with aspirin increases blood levels of salicylic acid by approximately 50% and blood levels of Panax notoginseng by 75% to 196%. This effect may be due to increased absorption of both products.
Caffeine
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng may decrease the levels and clinical effects of caffeine.
Animal research shows that administering Panax notoginseng intravenously for 7 days before intraperitoneal injection of caffeine can decrease maximal blood levels of caffeine by 37%. This interaction is attributed to the ability of Panax notoginseng to increase the activity of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Animal research shows that administering Panax notoginseng intravenously for 7 days before intraperitoneal injection of caffeine can decrease maximal blood levels of caffeine by 37%. This interaction was attributed to the ability of Panax notoginseng to increase the activity of CYP1A2.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, taking Panax notoginseng concomitantly with warfarin may increase the risk of bleeding.
Animal research shows that taking Panax notoginseng concomitantly with warfarin increases plasma warfarin levels, prothrombin time, and international normalized ratio when compared with control. In vitro research also suggests that Panax notoginseng may downregulate expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes, which may affect warfarin metabolism.
Ubiquinol
Alkylating Agents
Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals.
Theoretically, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 might protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents that work by inducing oxidative stress, such as alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) and radiation therapy. The clinical importance of this interaction is unknown.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Coenzyme Q10 is chemically similar to menaquinone and might have vitamin K-like procoagulant effects, which could decrease the effects of warfarin.
Concomitant use of coenzyme Q10 and warfarin might reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Four cases of decreased warfarin efficacy thought to be due to coenzyme Q10 have been reported. However, there is some preliminary clinical research that suggests coenzyme Q10 might not significantly decrease the effects of warfarin in patients who have a stable INR.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research shows that coenzyme Q10 can significantly lower blood pressure, although other studies have shown conflicting results.
Betaine HCl
Antacids
Betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity and could decrease the effects of antacids.
In human research, betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity. Antacids are taken to decrease stomach acidity. Theoretically, taking betaine hydrochloride along with antacids might decrease the effects of the antacids.
H2-Blockers
Betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity and could decrease the effects of H2-blockers.
In human research, betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity. H2-blockers are used to decrease stomach acidity. Theoretically, taking betaine hydrochloride along with H2-blockers might decrease the effects of H2-blockers.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (Ppis)
Betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity and could decrease the effects of PPIs.
In human research, betaine hydrochloride increases stomach acidity. PPIs are used to decrease stomach acidity. Theoretically, taking betaine hydrochloride along with PPIs might decrease the effects of PPIs
L-Carnitine, Powder
Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with L-carnitine and warfarin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for kApex, from the product label.
BiOptimizers
See all BiOptimizers products- Name
- BiOptimizers USA Inc.
- Street Address
- 5470 Kietzke Lane, Suite 300
- City
- Reno
- State
- NV
- ZipCode
- 89511
- Web Address
- Bioptimizers.com
kApex by BiOptimizers: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind kApex’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Betaine Hydrochloride
Interacts with 36 drugsBetaine hydrochloride is a supplement used to temporarily increase stomach acid in people who may have low acid levels. Evidence for its benefits is limited and mostly based on tradition rat...
Read the full Betaine Hydrochloride monograph → Herb & supplement monographDandelion
Interacts with 457 drugsDandelion is a common plant used in food and traditional medicine, often promoted as a natural 'water pill' and digestive aid. Human evidence for these uses is very limited, so its benefits...
Read the full Dandelion monograph → Herb & supplement monographCoenzyme Q10
Interacts with 198 drugsCoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for heart condition...
Read the full Coenzyme Q10 monograph → Herb & supplement monographAstragalus
Interacts with 208 drugsAstragalus is a root used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly to support the immune system and help the body cope with stress. While early studies are interesting, strong h...
Read the full Astragalus monograph → Herb & supplement monographPanax Notoginseng
Interacts with 207 drugsPanax notoginseng (sanqi or tienchi ginseng) is a traditional Chinese herb most often used to help with bleeding, bruising, and circulation. Human evidence for these uses is limited and most...
Read the full Panax Notoginseng monograph → Herb & supplement monographProteolytic Enzymes (proteases)
Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...
Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monographLipase
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...
Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monographL-carnitine
Interacts with 19 drugsL-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most clearly useful for people with a true ca...
Read the full L-carnitine monograph →Sources & How We Checked
kApex's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 142 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Betaine Hydrochloride 2 references
- Yago MR, Frymoyer A, Benet LZ, Smelick GS, Frassetto LA, Ding X, Dean B, Salphati L, Budha N, Jin JY, Dresser MJ, Ware JA. The use of betaine HCl to enhance dasatinib absorption in healthy volunteers with rabeprazole-induced hypochlorhydria. AAPS J. 2014 PubMed
- Yago MR, Frymoyer AR, Smelick GS, Frassetto LA, Budha NR, Dresser MJ, Ware JA, Benet LZ. Gastric reacidification with betaine HCl in healthy volunteers with rabeprazole-induced hypochlorhydria. Mol Pharm. 2013 Nov 4;10(11):4032-7. PubMed
See these in context on the Betaine Hydrochloride monograph →
Dandelion 27 references
- Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
- Williams CA, Goldstone F, Greenham J. Flavonoids, cinnamic acids and coumarins from the different tissues and medicinal preparations of Taraxacum officinale. Phytochemistry 1996;42:121-7. PubMed
- Hussain Z, Waheed A, Qureshi RA, et al. The effect of medicinal plants of Islamabad and Murree region of Pakistan on insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Phytother Res 2004;18:73-7. PubMed
- Racz-Kotilla E, Racz G, Solomon A. The action of Taraxacum officinale extracts on the body weight and diuresis of laboratory animals. Planta Med 1974;26:212-7. PubMed
- Zhu M, Wong PY, Li RC. Effects of taraxacum mongolicum on the bioavailability and disposition of ciprofloxacin in rats. J Pharm Sci 1999;88:632-4. PubMed
- Jovanovic M, Mimica-Dukic N, Poljacki M, Boza P. Erythema multiforme due to contact with weeds: a recurrence after patch testing. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48:17-25. PubMed
- Chivato T, Juan F, Montoro A, Laguna R. Anaphylaxis induced by ingestion of a pollen compound. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1996;6:208-9.
- Cohen SH, Yunginger JW, Rosenberg N, Fink JN. Acute allergic reaction after composite pollen ingestion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1979;64:270-4. PubMed
- Lovell CR, Rowan M. Dandelion dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1991;25:185-8. PubMed
- Agarwal SC, Crook JR, Pepper CB. Herbal remedies -- how safe are they? A case report of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation induced by herbal medication used for obesity. Int J Cardiol 2006;106:260-1. PubMed
- Martín-Muñoz MF, Bartolome B, Caminoa M, et al. Bee pollen: a dangerous food for allergic children. Identification of responsible allergens. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2010;38:263-5. PubMed
- Neef H, Cilli F, Declerck PJ, et al. Platelet anti-aggregating activity of Taraxacum officinale Weber. Phytotherapy Research 1996;10:s138-s140.
- Cuzzolin L, Zaffani S, and Benoni G. Safety implications regarding use of phytomedicines. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62:37-42. PubMed
- Posadzki, P., Watson, L. K., and Ernst, E. Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews. Clin Med 2013;13(1):7-12. PubMed
- Wakelin, S. H., Marren, P., Young, E., and Shaw, S. Compositae sensitivity and chronic hand dermatitis in a seven-year-old boy. Br J Dermatol 1997;137(2):289-291. PubMed
- Ingber, A. Seasonal allergic contact dermatitis from Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) in an Israeli florist. Contact Dermatitis 2000;43(1):49.
- Rodriguez, B., Rodriguez, A., de Barrio, M., Tornero, P., and Baeza, M. L. Asthma induced by canary food mix. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2003;24(4):265-268.
- Syhaieva, I. A. [Efficiency of specific immunotherapy in treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis]. Lik.Sprava. 2006;(1-2):51-53.
- Catania, M. A., Oteri, A., Caiello, P., Russo, A., Salvo, F., Giustini, E. S., Caputi, A. P., and Polimeni, G. Hemorrhagic cystitis induced by an herbal mixture. South.Med.J. 2010;103(1):90-92. PubMed
- Goksu, E., Eken, C., Karadeniz, O., and Kucukyilmaz, O. First report of hypoglycemia secondary to dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) ingestion. Am J Emerg.Med 2010;28(1):111-112. PubMed
- Fernandez-Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez-Parrado, Z., Vega-Maray, A. M., Valencia-Barrera, R. M., Camazon-Izquierdo, B., De, Nuntiis P., and Mandrioli, P. Platanus pollen allergen, Pla a 1: quantification in the atmosphere and influence on a sensitizing populati
- Liang, K. L., Su, M. C., Shiao, J. Y., Wu, S. H., Li, Y. H., and Jiang, R. S. Role of pollen allergy in Taiwanese patients with allergic rhinitis. J Formos.Med Assoc. 2010;109(12):879-885. PubMed
- Yang, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, C. S., Wang, X. D., and Zhang, L. [Prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens in 10 030 patients with allergic rhinitis]. Zhonghua Er.Bi Yan.Hou Tou.Jing.Wai Ke Za Zhi 2011;46(11):914-920.
- Davies, M. G. and Kersey, P. J. Contact allergy to yarrow and dandelion. Contact Dermatitis 1986;14(4):256-257. PubMed
- Collins JM and Miller DR. Dandelion green bezoar following antrectomy and vagotomy - case report. J Kansas Med Soc 1966;67(6):303-304.
- Moriarty B, Pinney JH, Owen-Casey MP, Rustin MH, Deroide F, Laing C, Davenport A. Digital necrosis from dandelion tea. Br J Dermatol. 2013 Jul;169(1):227-30. PubMed
- Onal S, Timur S, Okutucu B, Zihnioglu F. Inhibition of alphaglucosidase by aqueous extracts of some potent antidiabetic medicinal herbs. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2005;35:29-36.
Coenzyme Q10 40 references
- Kamikawa T, Kobayashi A, Yamashita T, et al. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1985;56:247-51. PubMed
- Langsjoen P, Willis R, Folkers K. Treatment of essential hypertension with coenzyme Q10. Mol Aspects Med 1994;S265-72. PubMed
- Spigset O. Reduced effect of warfarin caused by ubidecarenone. Lancet 1994;334:1372-3. PubMed
- Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, et al. Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressures and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13:203-8. PubMed
- Portakal O, Ozkaya O, Erden Inal M, et al. Coenzyme Q10 concentrations and antioxidant status in tissues of breast cancer patients. Clin Biochem 2000;33:279-84. PubMed
- Lund EL, Quistorff B, Spang-Thomsen M, Kristjansen PE. Effect of radiation therapy on small-cell lung cancer is reduced by ubiquinone intake. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1998;43:505-6. PubMed
- Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen PH, Folkers K. Long-term efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1990;65:521-3. PubMed
- Heck AM, DeWitt BA, Lukes AL. Potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000;57:1221-7. DOI
- Landbo C, Almdal TP. [Interaction between warfarin and coenzyme Q10]. Ugeskr Laeger 1998;160:3226-7.
- Baggio E, Gandini R, Plauncher AC, et al. Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. CoQ10 Drug Surveillance Investigators. Mol Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:S287-94. PubMed
- Burke BE, Neuenschwander R, Olson RD. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in isolated systolic hypertension. South Med J 2001;94:1112-7. PubMed
- The Huntington Study Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 and remacemide in Huntington's disease. Neurology 2001;57:397-404.
- Hodgson JM, Watts GF, Playford DA, et al. Coenzyme Q10 improves blood pressure and glycaemic control: a controlled trial in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002;56:1137-42. PubMed
- Singh RB, Neki NS, Kartikey K, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2003;246:75-82. DOI
- Porterfield LM. Why did the response to warfarin change? RN 2000;63:107.
- Sandor PS, Di Clemente L, Coppola G, et al. Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in migraine prophylaxis: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2005;64:713-5. PubMed
- Engelsen J, Nielsen JD, Winther K. Effect of coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in stable, long-term warfarin treated outpatients. A randomised, double blind, placebo-crossover trial. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:1075-6. DOI
- Berman M, Erman A, Ben-Gal T, et al. Coenzyme Q10 in patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Cardiol 2004;27:295–9. PubMed
- Storch A, Jost WH, Vieregge P, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on symptomatic effects of coenzyme Q10 in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 2007;64:938-44. DOI
- Digiesi V, Cantini F, Oradei A, et al. Coenzyme Q10 in essential hypertension. Mol Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s257-63. PubMed
- Yamagami T, Takagi M, Akagami H, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on essential hypertension, a double blind controlled study. In: Folkers KA, Yamamura Y, eds. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Vol. 5. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publications, 19
- Ho MJ, Bellusci A, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD007435. PubMed
- Rosenfeldt, F. L., Haas, S. J., Krum, H., Hadj, A., Ng, K., Leong, J. Y., and Watts, G. F. Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of the clinical trials. J Hum.Hypertens. 2007;21(4):297-306. PubMed
- Stamelou, M., Reuss, A., Pilatus, U., Magerkurth, J., Niklowitz, P., Eggert, K. M., Krisp, A., Menke, T., Schade-Brittinger, C., Oertel, W. H., and Hoglinger, G. U. Short-term effects of coenzyme Q10 in progressive supranuclear palsy: a randomized, place DOI
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See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →
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