More Greens Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Purium
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking More Greens against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
More Greens is a dietary supplement by Purium with 30 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,519 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Kelp, Alfalfa, Powder, Parsley juice powder. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against More Greens by Purium
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with More Greens by Purium — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of More Greens by Purium
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Partial disclosure
More Greens contains 31 ingredients, including several active ones. The minerals sodium and potassium support basic body functions, along with iron for oxygen transport and energy.
Inulin is a prebiotic fiber that feeds beneficial gut bacteria. Chlorella and spirulina are algae-based nutrient concentrates.
The product also includes digestive enzymes (lipase, protease, and amylase) to help break down food, as well as whole-food ingredients like kale, cabbage, broccoli, and alfalfa powder. A probiotic blend with Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus gasseri adds live beneficial bacteria.
American ginseng, bee pollen, larch arabinogalactan (FiberAid), and other plant extracts round out the formula. There are no inactive fillers or binders listed.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
The evidence for this product's effectiveness is mixed and incomplete. Iron is rated Effective for iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease.
Inulin is rated Possibly Effective for obesity, constipation, and diabetes. American ginseng is rated Possibly Effective for upper respiratory tract infections.
Broccoli and cabbage are each rated Possibly Effective for certain cancers (broccoli for colorectal; cabbage for breast engorgement). Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum are each rated Possibly Effective for irritable bowel syndrome and respiratory tract infections.
For many other ingredients and conditions—including potassium, sodium, chlorella, bee pollen, kale, and numerous uses—the evidence is rated Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate, meaning the data we hold does not establish whether they work. Bee pollen is rated Possibly Ineffective for athletic performance.
Before taking this product expecting results for a specific condition, ask your pharmacist what the evidence actually shows for your goal.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Most ingredients in More Greens are generally well tolerated in the amounts typically consumed as food. However, several carry cautions.
Sodium is essential in small amounts but excess intake is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain; avoid supplemental sodium or very high intake without medical advice. Potassium from food is fine, but supplements can cause dangerously high blood levels, especially in people with kidney disease.
Chlorella and bee pollen can trigger allergic reactions, sometimes severe—particularly if you have pollen allergies. Inulin commonly causes gas, bloating, and digestive cramping, especially at higher doses.
American ginseng is generally well tolerated short-term but long-term safety is not well studied. Alfalfa in supplement amounts carries a risk of a lupus-like syndrome with chronic use and is best avoided unless your doctor approves.
For iron, the most common side effects are constipation, nausea, and abdominal discomfort; serious adverse effects from excess iron are rare but can include worsened heart and kidney disease.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking More Greens, check your medications against these drug types. Warfarin and other blood thinners (Major severity) are affected by alfalfa, chlorella, bee pollen, and American ginseng.
Blood pressure medications (antihypertensives) and corticosteroids are affected by the sodium content (Moderate). Potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs risk dangerously high potassium levels (Moderate).
Diabetes medications interact with inulin, alfalfa, cabbage, and American ginseng—all Moderate severity. Immunosuppressant drugs interact with alfalfa, American ginseng, and larch arabinogalactan (Moderate).
Lithium levels can be altered dangerously by the sodium content (Moderate). Antibiotic drugs are affected by probiotics and may be less effective if taken at the same time (Moderate).
Several other Moderate interactions exist with thyroid medication, intestinal medications, and others. Use the medication checker on this page with your complete medication list.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
More Greens is a broad-spectrum greens powder with 31 ingredients—vitamins, minerals, digestive enzymes, probiotics, and plant foods. If you take warfarin or other blood thinners, talk to your pharmacist before starting it, as several ingredients (alfalfa, chlorella, bee pollen, and American ginseng) may interfere.
If you take blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, lithium, or have kidney disease, run your exact medications through the checker on this page—sodium and potassium levels matter here. Otherwise, the individual ingredients are commonly encountered in food and generally well tolerated, though some people find greens powders cause temporary digestive upset.
Ask your pharmacist whether this product makes sense for your health goals and your medications.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 27 of 31 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about More Greens, straight from the product label.
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for More Greens by Purium, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 25 Calorie(s) | -- |
| Total Carbohydrates | 6 Gram(s) | 2% |
| Sodium | 15 mg | 1% |
| Potassium | 512 mg | 11% |
| Iron | 1 mg | 6% |
| Inulin | 500 mg | -- |
| Chlorella | 100 mg | -- |
| Bee Pollen | 300 mg | -- |
| Luo Han Guo extract | 3 mg | -- |
| Kelp | 100 mg | -- |
| Total Sugars | 1 Gram(s) | -- |
| Protein | 1 Gram(s) | -- |
| Lipase | 0 NP | -- |
| Protease | 0 NP | -- |
| Cellulase | 0 NP | -- |
| Kale | 50 mg | -- |
| B. bifidum | 0 NP | -- |
| Spirulina | 940 mg | -- |
| Amylase | 0 NP | -- |
| FiberAid | 1000 mg | -- |
| Probiotic Blend | 200 mg | -- |
| B. longum | 0 NP | -- |
| Pineapple flavor | 297 mg | -- |
| Cabbage | 50 mg | -- |
| L. gasseri | 0 NP | -- |
| Alfalfa, Powder | 600 mg | -- |
| Broccoli | 50 mg | -- |
| Broccoli | 50 mg | -- |
| American Ginseng | 200 mg | -- |
| Barley Grass, Powder | 450 mg | -- |
| Rice bran extract | 800 mg | -- |
| Parsley juice powder | 50 mg | -- |
| organic Wheat Grass juice powder | 400 mg | -- |
| Oat Grass juice powder | 800 mg | -- |
| Organic carrot juice powder | 500 mg | -- |
| Wheatgrass, Powder | 350 mg | -- |
| AES | 200 mg | -- |
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
General Statements
Peel back for more info
Pure + Premium We create Purium products using 6 core values as our foundation. By living these each day, we believe great change is possible in our progress. Core Value No. 4 Responsibility Taking ownership for behaviors and decisions.
Committed to freeing our planet from plastic pollution, our new packaging is home compostable, for non-edible gardens and soil. Remove the label prior to home composting.
Formulation
Vegetarian
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: Mix one tablespoon with pure water or alkaline juice once a day. Do not mix with hot beverages. Best when taken on an empty stomach.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
Precautions
Caution: Keep out of reach of children.
Brand IP Statement(s)
FiberAid is a trademark of Lonza.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
More Greens by Purium label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in More Greens by Purium
These are the 30 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size8 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Sodium
Interacts with205 drugs
Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...
Sodium monograph & interactionsPotassium
Interacts with62 drugs
Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...
Potassium monograph & interactionsIron
Interacts with80 drugs
Iron is an essential mineral your body needs to make hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood. Supplements are mainly useful for treating or preventin...
Iron monograph & interactionsInulin
Interacts with86 drugs
Inulin is a type of plant fiber (a prebiotic) found naturally in foods like chicory root, onions, and garlic, and it is widely added to supplements an...
Inulin monograph & interactionsChlorella
Interacts with337 drugs
Chlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies sugges...
Chlorella monograph & interactionsBee Pollen
Interacts with2 drugs
Bee pollen is a nutrient-rich product collected by bees and marketed as a 'superfood' for energy and immune support, but solid human evidence for most...
Bee Pollen monograph & interactionsLuo Han Guo extract
Kelp
Interacts with891 drugs
Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack) is a brown seaweed rich in iodine that has been used traditionally for thyroid concerns, weight, and skin. There is l...
Kelp monograph & interactionsProtein
Kale
No knowninteractions
Kale is a nutrient-dense leafy green vegetable that is rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Eaten as a normal food it is very healthy...
Kale monograph & interactionsSpirulina
Interacts with327 drugs
Blue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutrition, and...
Spirulina monograph & interactionsFiberAid
Interacts with121 drugs
Larch arabinogalactan is a soluble fiber from larch trees that is mainly used as a prebiotic and for immune support. Early research is interesting but...
FiberAid monograph & interactionsProbiotic Blend
Interacts with182 drugs
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy p...
Probiotic Blend monograph & interactions- › B. bifidum
- › B. longum
- › L. gasseri
Pineapple flavor
Cabbage
Interacts with325 drugs
Cabbage is a nutritious, low-calorie vegetable that is safe to eat as food and is sometimes applied to the skin as a leaf wrap for breast engorgement...
Cabbage monograph & interactionsAlfalfa, Powder
Interacts with583 drugs
Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence for most of...
Alfalfa, Powder monograph & interactionsBroccoli
Interacts with187 drugs
Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for...
Broccoli monograph & interactionsBroccoli
Interacts with187 drugs
Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for...
Broccoli monograph & interactionsAmerican Ginseng
Interacts with217 drugs
American ginseng is an herbal root used as an 'adaptogen' to support energy, stress, immune function, and blood sugar. Some uses—such as reducing the...
American Ginseng monograph & interactionsBarley Grass, Powder
Interacts with1 drug
Barley is a nutritious whole grain that is a good source of soluble fiber called beta-glucan, which has solid evidence for modestly lowering LDL ('bad...
Barley Grass, Powder monograph & interactionsRice bran extract
No knowninteractions
Rice bran is the nutrient-rich outer layer of the rice grain and is a good source of fiber, healthy fats, and plant compounds. It is most studied for...
Rice bran extract monograph & interactionsParsley juice powder
Interacts with443 drugs
Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a...
Parsley juice powder monograph & interactionsOrganic Wheat Grass juice powder
No knowninteractions
Couch grass is a common lawn weed whose rhizome has long been used in traditional European herbal medicine, mainly for urinary and bladder complaints....
Organic Wheat Grass juice powder monograph & interactionsOat Grass juice powder
Interacts with86 drugs
Oats are a well-studied whole grain whose soluble fiber (beta-glucan) can help lower cholesterol and support heart health when eaten regularly. As a f...
Oat Grass juice powder monograph & interactionsOrganic carrot juice powder
No knowninteractions
Carrot is a common food vegetable that is a rich source of beta-carotene (which the body turns into vitamin A) and other nutrients. Eating carrots is...
Organic carrot juice powder monograph & interactionsWheatgrass, Powder
Interacts with272 drugs
Wheatgrass is the young grass of the wheat plant, taken as a juice or powder, and is mainly used as a concentrated source of vitamins and plant nutrie...
Wheatgrass, Powder monograph & interactionsMore Greens by Purium Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
More Greens by Purium contains several active ingredients with documented interactions with medications.
The most serious concern is alfalfa and American ginseng, both of which interact with warfarin (Coumadin), a blood thinner. Alfalfa is high in vitamin K, which can reduce warfarin's effectiveness; American ginseng appears to directly decrease warfarin levels.
Both are Major-severity interactions.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Sodium in this product has Moderate interactions with blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), corticosteroids, lithium, and several other drug types — high sodium intake can reduce how well blood pressure drugs work and can alter lithium levels dangerously. Potassium interacts Moderately with potassium-sparing diuretics and drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACE inhibitors and ARBs), raising the risk of dangerously high potassium levels.
Iron has Moderate interactions with several antibiotics, thyroid medication, and other drugs — separating doses by at least 2 hours usually helps.
Chlorella and bee pollen both interact with warfarin and photosensitizing drugs (Moderate severity). Cabbage interacts with several drug types including blood thinners, diabetes medications, and acetaminophen.
American ginseng also has Moderate interactions with diabetes drugs, immunosuppressants, and MAOIs. Several probiotics (Bifidobacterium species and Lactobacillus gasseri) interact with antibiotics by being killed off before they take effect — separate doses if possible.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,099 individual medications. We could not check larch arabinogalactan (FiberAid), Luo Han Guo extract, kelp, cellulase, spirulina, and amylase — no data are on file for those ingredients.
Use the medication checker on this page to run your exact drugs against this product before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against More Greens?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in More Greens interact with 1,519 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
18 of the 30 ingredients in More Greens interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Kelp Alfalfa, Powder Parsley juice powder Chlorella Spirulina Cabbage Wheatgrass, Powder American Ginseng Sodium Broccoli Probiotic Blend FiberAid Inulin Oat Grass juice powder Iron Potassium Bee Pollen Barley Grass, Powder
WarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with More Greens — through 10 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Alfalfa, PowderWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alfalfa might reduce the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Warfarin interactionAmerican GinsengWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Read the full American Ginseng + Warfarin interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Warfarin interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Warfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Warfarin interactionBee PollenWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
There is some concern that bee pollen might interact with warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Bee Pollen + Warfarin interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Warfarin interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Warfarin interactionChlorellaWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might reduce the clinical effects of warfarin.
Read the full Chlorella + Warfarin interactionSpirulinaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Spirulina + Warfarin interactionKelpCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +2 Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
Read the full Kelp + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with More Greens — through 10 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
American GinsengWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Read the full American Ginseng + Warfarin Sodium interactionAlfalfa, PowderWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alfalfa might reduce the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Warfarin Sodium interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Warfarin Sodium interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Warfarin Sodium interactionChlorellaWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might reduce the clinical effects of warfarin.
Read the full Chlorella + Warfarin Sodium interactionSpirulinaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Spirulina + Warfarin Sodium interactionParsley Juice PowderWarfarin (coumadin), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, large amounts of parsley leaf and root might decrease the effects of warfarin.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Warfarin Sodium interactionCabbageWarfarin (coumadin), Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Read the full Cabbage + Warfarin Sodium interactionBee PollenWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
There is some concern that bee pollen might interact with warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Bee Pollen + Warfarin Sodium interactionKelpAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2c8 (cyp2c8) Substrates +2 Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Kelp + Warfarin Sodium interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with More Greens — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
FiberaidImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, larch arabinogalactan might interfere with immunosuppression therapy due to immunostimulant effects.
Read the full Fiberaid + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAmerican GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full American Ginseng + 6-mercaptopurine interactionSpirulinaImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Spirulina + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAlfalfa, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alfalfa might decrease the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with More Greens — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SpirulinaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Spirulina + Abciximab interactionParsley Juice PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Abciximab interactionKelpAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Kelp + Abciximab interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with More Greens — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Parsley Juice PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Abrocitinib interactionAmerican GinsengImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full American Ginseng + Abrocitinib interactionSpirulinaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Immunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Spirulina + Abrocitinib interactionFiberaidImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, larch arabinogalactan might interfere with immunosuppression therapy due to immunostimulant effects.
Read the full Fiberaid + Abrocitinib interactionAlfalfa, PowderImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alfalfa might decrease the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Abrocitinib interactionKelpAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Kelp + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with More Greens — through 8 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Parsley Juice PowderAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acarbose interactionOat Grass Juice PowderAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, oats may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Oat Grass Juice Powder + Acarbose interactionAlfalfa, PowderAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, alfalfa might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acarbose interactionCabbageAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Cabbage + Acarbose interactionWheatgrass, PowderAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking wheatgrass with antidiabetes drugs might lower blood glucose levels and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acarbose interactionAmerican GinsengAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full American Ginseng + Acarbose interactionSpirulinaAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Spirulina + Acarbose interactionInulinAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, inulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Inulin + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with More Greens — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with More Greens — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SpirulinaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Spirulina + Acenocoumarol interactionParsley Juice PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acenocoumarol interactionKelpAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Kelp + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with More Greens — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acepromazine interactionAlfalfa, PowderPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with More Greens — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with More Greens — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Parsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionSpirulinaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Spirulina + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionKelpAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with More Greens — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SpirulinaAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Spirulina + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionParsley Juice PowderAspirin, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aspirin might increase the severity of allergic reactions to parsley.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionKelpAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with More Greens — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAlfalfa, PowderPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with More Greens — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Parsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with More Greens — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with More Greens — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with More Greens — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Parsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with More Greens — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionKelpCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with More Greens — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAlfalfa, PowderPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with More Greens — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Parsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with More Greens — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionKelpCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with More Greens — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with More Greens — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Parsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionKelpCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with More Greens — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Diuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with More Greens — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAlfalfa, PowderPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionKelpCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with More Greens — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Parsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAlfalfa, PowderPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with More Greens — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAlfalfa, PowderPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionKelpCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan HydrobromideCoricidin HBP Maximum Strength Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interacts with More Greens — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAlfalfa, PowderPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionKelpCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PhenylpropanolamineMulti Symptom Cold Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with More Greens — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCabbageGlucuronidated Drugs, Acetaminophen (tylenol, Others) +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAlfalfa, PowderPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionBroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Cold Plus Cough, Tylenol Cold Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interacts with More Greens — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BroccoliCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Broccoli + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionWheatgrass, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheatgrass, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionParsley Juice PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Parsley Juice Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionChlorellaPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Read the full Chlorella + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionAlfalfa, PowderPhotosensitizing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Read the full Alfalfa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionCabbageCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Cabbage + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionKelpCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
Read the full Kelp + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in More Greens with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Kelp
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Theoretically, combining Fucus vesiculosus with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
Fucus vesiculosus contains high concentrations of iodine. Amiodarone contains 37.3% iodine and can increase iodine levels. Concomitant use might increase the risk of having excessive iodine levels and adversely affecting thyroid function. Monitor thyroid function.
Antithyroid Drugs
Due to its iodine content, Fucus vesiculosus might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
Fucus vesiculosus contains high concentrations of iodine. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking Fucus vesiculosus while using antithyroid drugs could alter the effects of the antithyroid drugs.
Lithium
Concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus and lithium has resulted in hyperthyroidism.
There is a case of hyperthyroidism occurring in a patient taking Fucus vesiculosus and lithium. Monitor thyroid hormones closely in patients taking lithium and Fucus vesiculosus concomitantly.
Thyroid Hormone
Due to its iodine content, Fucus vesiculosus might alter the effects of thyroid hormone.
Fucus vesiculosus contains high concentrations of iodine. Iodine in high doses has been reported to cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on the individual's past medical history. Taking Fucus vesiculosus while using thyroid hormone could alter the effects of thyroid hormone.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking Fucus vesiculosus with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro evidence suggests that a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, known as fucoidan, has anticoagulant effects. However, in clinical research, fucoidan does not seem to have significant anticoagulant activity when taken orally, possibly due to poor absorption.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2C8 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, inhibits CYP2C8. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2C9 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, inhibits CYP2C9. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP2D6 substrates might alter the effects of these substrates.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, both inhibits and induces CYP2D6. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that fucoidan, a constituent of Fucus vesiculosus, inhibits CYP3A4. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Alfalfa, Powder
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, alfalfa might reduce the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.
Alfalfa contains a large amount of vitamin K. This could theoretically interfere with the activity of warfarin.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, alfalfa might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that alfalfa decreases blood sugar in diabetic mice. Also, in one case report, a diabetic patient experienced hypoglycemia after consuming alfalfa extract. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with the activity of contraceptive drugs.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.
Estrogens
Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with hormone therapy.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, alfalfa might decrease the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro research and human case reports suggest that alfalfa may have immunostimulant effects.
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that excessive doses of alfalfa may increase photosensitivity, possibly due to its chlorophyll content. It is unclear if this effect would be clinically relevant in humans.
Parsley juice powder
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley has antiplatelet effects.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley might decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Laboratory research suggests that parsley can inhibit CYP1A2.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, parsley might enhance or interfere with the effects of diuretic drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley seed extract increases urine elimination. Parsley leaf and root might also interfere with diuretic therapy due their purported aquaretic effects.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, parsley might increase the duration of pentobarbital effects.
Animal research suggests that parsley juice prolongs the action of pentobarbital, perhaps by decreasing cytochrome P450 levels. It is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.
Sirolimus (Rapamune)
Theoretically, large quantities of parsley might increase sirolimus levels.
In one case report, an adult female with a history of kidney transplant presented with elevated blood sirolimus levels, approximately 4-7 times greater than previous measures, after daily consumption of a juice containing approximately 30 grams of parsley for 7 days. Sirolimus levels returned to normal a week after the parsley juice was discontinued.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, large amounts of parsley leaf and root might decrease the effects of warfarin.
Parlsey contains vitamin K.
Aspirin
Theoretically, aspirin might increase the severity of allergic reactions to parsley.
In one case, severe urticaria and swelling were reported after taking aspirin with parsley in an individual with a known mild parsley allergy.
Chlorella
Photosensitizing Drugs
Theoretically, chlorella might have additive effects with photosensitizing drugs.
Chlorella has been reported to cause photosensitization. In five case reports, patients who had ingested chlorella exhibited swelling followed by erythematopurpuric lesions on sun-exposed areas of the body. Theoretically, concomitant use with photosensitizing drugs may exacerbate effects.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, chlorella might reduce the clinical effects of warfarin.
Chlorella contains significant amounts of vitamin K. There is at least one case report of warfarin therapy becoming sub-therapeutic after initiation of chlorella supplements.
Spirulina
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, this is unlikely.
Spirulina blue-green algae have shown antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects in vitro. However, one preliminary study in 24 patients receiving spirulina blue-green algae 2.3 grams daily for 2 weeks showed no effect on platelet activation or measures of clotting time.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Human research shows that spirulina blue-green algae can have hypoglycemic effects in patients with diabetes, at least some of whom were using antidiabetes drugs. However, blue-green algae does not seem to improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of animal studies also suggests that spirulina blue-green algae have hypoglycemic effects.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Blue-green algae have been shown to stimulate the immune system.
Cabbage
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
Cabbage might increase clearance and reduce the effects of acetaminophen.
A small clinical study shows that daily consumption of cabbage and Brussels sprout decreases acetaminophen levels by as much as 16%, with some evidence suggesting that this effect is due to increased elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, cabbage might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vivo research suggests that cabbage might have hypoglycemic effects.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Some animal research suggests that cabbage or its constituent indole-3-carbinol might increase drug metabolism and elimination by stimulating CYP1A2 activity.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
A small clinical study shows that daily consumption of cabbage and Brussels sprout decreases levels of some drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
Oxazepam (Serax)
Cabbage might increase clearance and reduce the effects of oxazepam.
A small clinical study shows that daily consumption of cabbage and brussels sprout decreases oxazepam levels by as much as 17%, with some evidence suggesting that this effect is due to increased elimination through glucuronide conjugation.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, cabbage might decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Cabbage contains vitamin K. If consumed in large quantities, cabbage might decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Wheatgrass, Powder
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking wheatgrass with antidiabetes drugs might lower blood glucose levels and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that taking wheatgrass stimulates the release of insulin from beta-cells and lowers blood glucose.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that wheatgrass induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
American Ginseng
Warfarin (Coumadin)
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Healthy patients receiving warfarin 5 mg daily, who also take American ginseng 1 gram twice daily, seem to have a significantly reduced international normalized ratio (INR).
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
American ginseng seems to lower postprandial blood glucose. Theoretically, concomitant use with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects and possibly cause hypoglycemia.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
American ginseng seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, American ginseng might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant drugs.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, American ginseng can interfere with MAOI therapy.
There is one case report of insomnia, headache, and tremors when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine (Nardil), an MAOI. There is also one case report of hypomania when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine. Theoretically, American ginseng may interfere with MAOI therapy.
Sodium
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.
Corticosteroids
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.
Didanosine (Videx)
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.
Lithium
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
Sodium Phosphates
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Sodium-Containing Drugs
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
Broccoli
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of fresh broccoli daily for 6-12 days can increase CYP1A2 activity by 10% to 200%. Induction of CYP1A2 activity by broccoli is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (Cyp2A6) Substrates
Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2A6.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of broccoli daily for 6 days increases CYP2A6 activity by 135% to 550%. Induction of CYP2A6 activity is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.
Probiotic Blend
Antibiotic Drugs
Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.
FiberAid
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, larch arabinogalactan might interfere with immunosuppression therapy due to immunostimulant effects. Immunosuppressant drugs include azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), and other drugs.
Inulin
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, inulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia with antidiabetes drugs.
Some clinical research shows that inulin improves glycemic control in patients with diabetes; however, it is unclear if it has hypoglycemic effects.
Oat Grass juice powder
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, oats may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Consuming oats can decrease blood glucose in patients with diabetes. In those who require insulin, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control.
Insulin
Concomitant use of oats and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control.
Iron
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Iron might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and iron can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, iron containing products.
Bisphosphonates
Iron reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients that doses of bisphosphonates should be separated by at least two hours from doses of all other medications, including supplements such as iron. Divalent cations, including iron, can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates by forming insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Denosumab (Prolia, Others)
Administration of intravenous iron within one month of denosumab administration might increase the risk of severe hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia.
A case of severe hypocalcemia (albumin corrected calcium 6.88 mg/dL, ionized calcium 3.68 mg/dL) and hypophosphatemia (<0.5 mg/dL) with respiratory acidosis, QT interval prolongation, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was reported in a 76-year-old male who had received an iron polymaltose infusion within 2 weeks of a subcutaneous injection of denosumab. Serum parathyroid hormone was also elevated (348 pg/mL). Subsequent iron infusions with iron polymaltose and ferric carboxymaltose were followed by transient hypophosphatemia, but without hypocalcemia. Additionally, a literature review describes 6 additional cases of hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia in patients 52-92 years of age who had been administered intravenous iron as either ferric carboxymaltose or iron polymaltose and subcutaneous denosumab within 1-4 weeks of each other.
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)
Iron might decrease dolutegravir levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking iron. Pharmacokinetic research shows that iron can decrease the absorption of dolutegravir from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation. When taken under fasting conditions, a single dose of ferrous fumarate 324 mg orally along with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces overall exposure to dolutegravir by 54%.
Integrase Inhibitors
Theoretically, taking iron along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Iron is a divalent cation. There is concern that iron may decrease the absorption of integrase inhibitors from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation. One pharmacokinetic study shows that iron can decrease blood levels of the specific integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation. Also, other pharmacokinetic research shows that other divalent cations such as calcium can decrease the absorption and levels of some integrase inhibitors through chelation.
Levodopa
Iron might decrease levodopa levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate doses of levodopa and iron as much as possible. There is some evidence in healthy people that iron forms chelates with levodopa, reducing the amount of levodopa absorbed by around 50%. The clinical significance of this hasn't been determined.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Iron might decrease levothyroxine levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate levothyroxine and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron can decrease the absorption and efficacy of levothyroxine by forming insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Iron might decrease methyldopa levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate methyldopa and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron can decrease the absorption of methyldopa from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation, resulting in increases in blood pressure.
Mycophenolate Mofetil (Cellcept)
Theoretically, iron might decrease mycophenolate mofetil levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to take iron 4-6 hours before, or 2 hours after, mycophenolate mofetil. It has been suggested that a decrease of absorption is possible, probably by forming nonabsorbable chelates. However, mycophenolate pharmacokinetics are not affected by iron supplementation in available clinical research.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Iron might decrease penicillamine levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate penicillamine and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Oral iron supplements can reduce absorption of penicillamine by 30% to 70%, probably due to chelate formation. In people with Wilson's disease, this interaction has led to reduced efficacy of penicillamine.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Iron might decrease levels of quinolone antibiotics by reducing their absorption.
Advise patients to separate quinolone antibiotics and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron decreases the absorption of quinolones due to formation of insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Iron might decrease levels of tetracycline antibiotics by reducing their absorption.
Advise patients to take iron at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after tetracycline antibiotics. Concomitant use can decrease absorption of tetracycline antibiotics from the gastrointestinal tract by 50% to 90%.
Chloramphenicol
Theoretically, taking chloramphenicol with iron might reduce the response to iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia.
Chloramphenicol interferes with erythrocyte maturation. However, since chloramphenicol isn't usually taken for prolonged periods, this isn't likely to be clinically significant.
Potassium
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)
Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Bee Pollen
Warfarin (Coumadin)
There is some concern that bee pollen might interact with warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In one case report, a patient on warfarin had a stable international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.9-3.3 for 9 months. The patient's INR was found to be 7.1 after starting bee pollen granules one teaspoon twice daily for approximately one month. The patient's warfarin dose was decreased by approximately 11% in order to return the INR to the therapeutic range while continuing the bee pollen supplement.
Barley Grass, Powder
Triclabendazole (Egaten)
Theoretically, barley might decrease the clinical effects of triclabendazole.
Animal research suggests that a diet supplemented with barley can reduce the bioavailability of triclabendazole when taken concomitantly. This effect has not been shown in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for More Greens, from the product label.
Purium
See all Purium products- Name
- Purium
- Street Address
- 2610 Homestead Place
- City
- Rancho Dominguez
- State
- CA
- ZipCode
- 90220
- Phone Number
- 1-888-747-6733
- Web Address
- ishoppurium.com
More Greens by Purium: Common Questions
Does More Greens by Purium interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Does this greens powder have any probiotics in it?
Will this help my digestion?
Is this safe if I'm pregnant?
What is American ginseng doing in a greens powder?
Why does this powder contain sodium and potassium as active ingredients?
I'm allergic to pollen. Is bee pollen in this safe for me?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if More Greens is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind More Greens’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sodium
Interacts with 205 drugsSodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...
Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monographPotassium
Interacts with 62 drugsPotassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. P...
Read the full Potassium monograph → Herb & supplement monographIron
Interacts with 80 drugsIron is an essential mineral your body needs to make hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood. Supplements are mainly useful for treating or preventing iron deficiency and iron-deficiency an...
Read the full Iron monograph → Herb & supplement monographInulin
Interacts with 86 drugsInulin is a type of plant fiber (a prebiotic) found naturally in foods like chicory root, onions, and garlic, and it is widely added to supplements and processed foods. It may help with regu...
Read the full Inulin monograph → Herb & supplement monographChlorella
Interacts with 337 drugsChlorella is a nutrient-rich freshwater green algae taken as a supplement for general wellness, immune support, and 'detox.' Some small studies suggest possible benefits for cholesterol, blo...
Read the full Chlorella monograph → Herb & supplement monographBee Pollen
Interacts with 2 drugsBee pollen is a nutrient-rich product collected by bees and marketed as a 'superfood' for energy and immune support, but solid human evidence for most of these claims is lacking. It can caus...
Read the full Bee Pollen monograph → Herb & supplement monographFucus Vesiculosus
Interacts with 891 drugsFucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack) is a brown seaweed rich in iodine that has been used traditionally for thyroid concerns, weight, and skin. There is little solid human evidence to support mo...
Read the full Fucus Vesiculosus monograph → Herb & supplement monographKale
Kale is a nutrient-dense leafy green vegetable that is rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Eaten as a normal food it is very healthy for most people, but it is a whole food...
Read the full Kale monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlue-green Algae
Interacts with 327 drugsBlue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutrition, and general wellness. Evidence for most heal...
Read the full Blue-green Algae monograph → Herb & supplement monographLarch Arabinogalactan
Interacts with 121 drugsLarch arabinogalactan is a soluble fiber from larch trees that is mainly used as a prebiotic and for immune support. Early research is interesting but limited, and most claims are not yet fi...
Read the full Larch Arabinogalactan monograph → Herb & supplement monographLactobacillus Acidophilus
Interacts with 182 drugsLactobacillus acidophilus is a 'friendly' bacterium used as a probiotic to support gut and vaginal health. It is generally well tolerated in healthy people, and there is reasonable evidence...
Read the full Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph → Herb & supplement monographBifidobacterium Bifidum
Interacts with 182 drugsBifidobacterium bifidum is a 'friendly' bacteria (probiotic) that naturally lives in the human gut and is taken to support digestion and gut balance. Some evidence suggests probiotics may he...
Read the full Bifidobacterium Bifidum monograph → Herb & supplement monographBifidobacterium Longum
Interacts with 182 drugsBifidobacterium longum is a 'friendly' bacterium found naturally in the human gut and used as a probiotic. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for digestive issues, though evi...
Read the full Bifidobacterium Longum monograph → Herb & supplement monographLactobacillus Gasseri
Interacts with 182 drugsLactobacillus gasseri is a 'friendly' probiotic bacterium found naturally in the human gut, mouth, and vaginal tract, and in some fermented foods. Early research suggests it may help with di...
Read the full Lactobacillus Gasseri monograph → Herb & supplement monographCabbage
Interacts with 325 drugsCabbage is a nutritious, low-calorie vegetable that is safe to eat as food and is sometimes applied to the skin as a leaf wrap for breast engorgement or sore joints. Most medicinal claims ar...
Read the full Cabbage monograph → Herb & supplement monographAlfalfa
Interacts with 583 drugsAlfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence for most of these uses is limited. It is best avoid...
Read the full Alfalfa monograph → Herb & supplement monographBroccoli
Interacts with 187 drugsBroccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for health benefits. Eating broccoli as food...
Read the full Broccoli monograph → Herb & supplement monographAmerican Ginseng
Interacts with 217 drugsAmerican ginseng is an herbal root used as an 'adaptogen' to support energy, stress, immune function, and blood sugar. Some uses—such as reducing the chance or length of colds and modestly l...
Read the full American Ginseng monograph → Herb & supplement monographBarley
Interacts with 1 drugBarley is a nutritious whole grain that is a good source of soluble fiber called beta-glucan, which has solid evidence for modestly lowering LDL ('bad') cholesterol when eaten regularly. It...
Read the full Barley monograph → Herb & supplement monographRice Bran
Rice bran is the nutrient-rich outer layer of the rice grain and is a good source of fiber, healthy fats, and plant compounds. It is most studied for helping lower cholesterol, but for most...
Read the full Rice Bran monograph → Herb & supplement monographParsley
Interacts with 443 drugsParsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a diuretic and for digestion, but solid hu...
Read the full Parsley monograph → Herb & supplement monographCouch Grass
Couch grass is a common lawn weed whose rhizome has long been used in traditional European herbal medicine, mainly for urinary and bladder complaints. High-quality human studies are lacking,...
Read the full Couch Grass monograph → Herb & supplement monographOats
Interacts with 86 drugsOats are a well-studied whole grain whose soluble fiber (beta-glucan) can help lower cholesterol and support heart health when eaten regularly. As a food, oats are safe for most people, and...
Read the full Oats monograph → Herb & supplement monographCarrot
Carrot is a common food vegetable that is a rich source of beta-carotene (which the body turns into vitamin A) and other nutrients. Eating carrots is safe and nutritious for most people, but...
Read the full Carrot monograph → Herb & supplement monographWheatgrass
Interacts with 272 drugsWheatgrass is the young grass of the wheat plant, taken as a juice or powder, and is mainly used as a concentrated source of vitamins and plant nutrients. Solid scientific evidence for most...
Read the full Wheatgrass monograph → Herb & supplement monographLipase
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...
Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monographProteolytic Enzymes (proteases)
Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...
Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →Sources & How We Checked
More Greens's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 412 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Sodium 38 references
- Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
- Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
- Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
- Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
- Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
- Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
- Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
- D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
- Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
- Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
- Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
- Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
- Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
- Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
- Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
- Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
- Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
- He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
- Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
- Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
- Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
- Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
- Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
- Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
- Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
- Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
- Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
- Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
- Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
- Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
- George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
- Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed
Potassium 12 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Gennaro A. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 19th ed. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
- Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 1997;277:1624-32. PubMed
- Phillips, C. O., Kashani, A., Ko, D. K., Francis, G., and Krumholz, H. M. Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative review of data from ra DOI
- Altieri, P. I., Herrero, C., Suero, R., and Ortiz, A. Bleeding duodenal ulcer in a patient taking slow-releasing potassium tablets. Bol.Asoc.Med P.R. 1977;69(8):276.
- Raf, L. E. Enteric-coated potassium chloride tablets and ulcer of the small intestine. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1967;(374):1-87.
- Potassium chloride oral solution [package insert]. Allentown, PA: Lehigh Valley Technologies, Inc.; 2014.
- Potassium chloride injection [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira Inc.; 2009.
- Patel RB, Tannenbaum S, Viana-Tejedor A, et al. Serum potassium levels, cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality following non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina: insights from MERLIN-TIMI 36. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017 Feb;6(1):1 PubMed
- Malta D, Arcand J, Ravindran A, Floras V, Allard JP, Newton GE. Adequate intake of potassium does not cause hyperkalemia in hypertensive individuals taking medications that antagonize the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Am J Clin Nutr 2016 Oct;104(4 PubMed
- Keskin M, Kaya A, Tatlisu MA, et al. The effect of serum potassium level on in-hospital and long-term mortality in ST elevation myocardial infarction. Int J cardiol. 2016 Oct 15;221:505-10.
- Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
Iron 72 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Bruner AB, Joffe A, Duggan AK, et al. Randomized study of cognitive effects of iron supplementation in non- anaemic iron-deficient adolescent girls. Lancet 1996;348:992-6.
- Ullen H, Augustsson K, Gustavsson C, Steineck G. Supplementary iron intake and risk of cancer: reversed causality? Cancer Lett 1997;114:215-6.
- Reunanen A, Takkunen H, Knekt P, et al. Body iron stores, dietary iron intake and coronary heart disease mortality. J Intern Med 1995;238:223-30. PubMed
- Lund EK, Wharf SG, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Johnson IT. Oral ferrous sulfate supplements increase the free radical-generating capacity of feces from healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:250-5.
- Rehman A, Collis CS, Yang M, et al. The effects of iron and vitamin C co-supplementation on oxidative damage to DNA in healthy volunteers. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1998;246:293-8. PubMed
- Klipstein-Grobusch K, Grobbee DE, den Breeijen JH, et al. Dietary iron and risk of myocardial infarction in the Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:421-8. PubMed
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Tatro DS, ed. Drug Interactions Facts. Facts and Comparisons Inc., St. Louis, MO. 1999.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Campbell N, Paddock V, Sundaram R. Alteration of methyldopa absorption, metabolism, and blood pressure control by ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988;43:381-6..
- Schumann K, Borch-Iohnsen B, Hentze MW, Marx JJ. Tolerable upper intakes for dietary iron set by the US Food and Nutrition Board (commentary). Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:499-500. PubMed
- Tuomainen TP, Punnonen K, Nyyssonen K, Salonen JT. Association between body iron stores and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in men. Circulation 1998;97:1461-6.. PubMed
- Salonen JT, Nyyssonen K, Korpela H, et al. High stored iron levels are associated with excess risk of myocardial infarction in Eastern Finnish men. Circulation 1992;86:803-11.. PubMed
- Campbell NRC, Hasinoff B. Ferrous sulfate reduces levodopa bioavailability: Chelation as a possible mechanism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:220-5.. PubMed
- Campbell NRC, Hasinoff BB, Stalts H, et al. Ferrous sulfate reduces thyroxine efficacy in patients with hypothyroidism. Ann Int Med 1992;117:1010-3.. PubMed
- Kiechl S, Willeit J, Egger G, et al. Body iron stores and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck study. Circulation 1997;96:3300-07. PubMed
- Comparison of oral iron supplements. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2008;24(8):240811.
- Tran T., Wax J. R., Philput C., Steinfeld J. D., Ingardia C. J. Intentional iron overdose in pregnancy--management and outcome. J Emerg Med 2000;18(2):225-228. PubMed
- Toblli J. E., Brignoli, R. Iron(III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex in iron deficiency anemia / review and meta-analysis. Arzneimittelforschung 2007;57(6A):431-438. PubMed
- Köpcke W., Sauerland M. C. Meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability data on iron proteinsuccinylate in patients with iron deficiency anemia of different severity. Arzneimittelforschung 1995;45(11):1211-1216.
- Campbell N. R., Campbell R. R., Hasinoff B. B. Ferrous sulfate reduces methyldopa absorption: methyldopa: iron complex formation as a likely mechanism. Clin Invest Med 1990;13(6):329-332.
- Morii M., Ueno K., Ogawa A., Kato R., Yoshimura H., Wada K., Hashimoto H., Takada M., Tanaka K., Nakatani T., Shibakawa M. Impairment of mycophenolate mofetil absorption by iron ion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;68(6):613-616. PubMed
- Gelone D. K., Park J. M., Lake K. D. Lack of an effect of oral iron administration on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable renal transplant recipients. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27(9):1272-1278. PubMed
- Ducray P. S., Banken L., Gerber M., Boutouyrie B., Zandt H. Absence of an interaction between iron and mycophenolate mofetil absorption. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006;62(4):492-495. PubMed
- Lorenz M., Wolzt M., Weigel G., Puttinger H., Hörl W. H., Födinger M., Speiser W., Sunder-Plassmann G. Ferrous sulfate does not affect mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in kidney transplant patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43(6):1098-1103. PubMed
- Osman M. A., Patel R. B., Schuna A., Sundstrom W. R., Welling P. G. Reduction in oral penicillamine absorption by food, antacid, and ferrous sulfate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983;33(4):465-470. PubMed
- Michael, B., Coyne, D. W., Fishbane, S., Folkert, V., Lynn, R., Nissenson, A. R., Agarwal, R., Eschbach, J. W., Fadem, S. Z., Trout, J. R., Strobos, J., and Warnock, D. G. Sodium ferric gluconate complex in hemodialysis patients: adverse reactions compar
- Zhang, X., Ouyang, J., Wieczorek, R., and DeSoto, F. Iron medication-induced gastric mucosal injury. Pathol.Res Pract 2009;205(8):579-581. PubMed
- Barbieri, P. G. [To-day exposure to occupational carcinogens and their effects. The experience of the rubber industry, iron metallurgy, asphalt work and aviculture]. Epidemiol.Prev 2009;33(4-5 Suppl 2):94-105.
- Macedo, A. and Cardoso, S. [Routine iron supplementation in pregnancy]. Acta Med Port. 2010;23(5):785-792.
- Bastide, N. M., Pierre, F. H., and Corpet, D. E. Heme iron from meat and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and a review of the mechanisms involved. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011;4(2):177-184. PubMed
- Stevens, R. G. Iron and the risk of cancer. Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1990;7(2-3):177-181. PubMed
- van den, Hombergh J., Dalderop, E., and Smit, Y. Does iron therapy benefit children with severe malaria-associated anaemia? A clinical trial with 12 weeks supplementation of oral iron in young children from the Turiani Division, Tanzania. J.Trop.Pediatr. PubMed
- Liabeuf S, Gras V, Moragny J, et al. Ulceration of the oral mucosa following direct contact with ferrous sulfate in elderly patients: a case report and a review of the French National Pharmacovigilance Database. Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Apr 25;9:737-40. PubMed
- Qiao L, Feng Y. Intakes of heme iron and zinc and colorectal cancer incidence: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Jun;24(6):1175-83. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Drug Interactions between Integrase Inhibitors and Other Drugs. AIDSinfo. July 14, 2016. Available at: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/1/adult-and-adolescen
- Song I, Borland J, Arya N, Wynne B, Piscitelli S. Pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir when administered with mineral supplements in healthy adult subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;55(5):490-6. PubMed
- Esan MO, Boele van Hensbroek M, Nkhoma E, et al. Iron supplementation in HIV infected Malawian children with anemia: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Clin Inf Dis 2013;57(11):1626-34.doi:10.1093/cid/cit528. PubMed
- Zlotkin S, Newton S, Aimone AM, et al. Effect of iron fortification on malaria incidence in infants and young children in Ghana: a randomized trial. JAMA 2013;310(9):938-47. PubMed
- Khambalia AZ, Aimone A, Nagubandi P, et al. High maternal iron status, dietary iron intake and iron supplement use in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study and systematic review. Diabet Med. 2016;33(9):1211-21. PubMed
- Kinnunen TI, Luoto R, Helin A, Hemminki E. Supplemental iron intake and the risk of glucose intolerance in pregnancy: re-analysis of a randomised controlled trial in Finland. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;12(1):74-84.
- Low MS, Speedy J, Styles CE, De-Regil LM, Pasricha SR. Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD009747. PubMed
- Melit LE, Marginean CO, Mocanu S, Marginean MO. A rare case of iron-pill induced gastritis in a female teenager: A case report and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(30):e7550. PubMed
- Neuberger A, Okebe J, Yahav D, Paul M. Oral iron supplements for children in malaria-endemic areas. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2:CD006589. PubMed
- Peña-Rosas JP, De-Regil LM, Gomez Malave H, Flores-Urrutia MC, Dowswell T. Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(10):CD009997. PubMed
- Brabin B, Gies S, Roberts SA, et al. Excess risk of preterm birth with periconceptional iron supplementation in a malaria endemic area: analysis of secondary data on birth outcomes in a double blind randomized controlled safety trial in Burkina Faso. Mala PubMed
- Kaundal R, Bhatia P, Jain A, et al. Randomized controlled trial of twice-daily versus alternate-day oral iron therapy in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Ann Hematol 2020;99(1):57-63. PubMed
- Li N, Zhao G, Wu W, et al. The efficacy and safety of vitamin C for iron supplementation in adult patients with iron deficiency anemia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023644.<br> PubMed
- Houston BL, Hurrie D, Graham J, et al. Efficacy of iron supplementation on fatigue and physical capacity in non-anaemic iron-deficient adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2018;8(4):e019240. PubMed
- Koch RM, Tchernodrinski S, Principe DR. Case report: Rapid onset, ischemic-type gastritis after initiating oral iron supplementation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022;9:1010897. PubMed
- Milman NT. Iron supplementation in pregnant Danish women revisited: Effects on prepartum and postpartum iron deficiency, anemia, serum erythropoietin; including iron status, erythropoietin and anthropometrics in newborns. A randomized, placebo-controlled
- Rogozinska E, Daru J, Nicolaides M, et al. Iron preparations for women of reproductive age with iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy (FRIDA): a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Haematol 2021;8(7):e503-e512. PubMed
- Shah AA, Donovan K, Seeley C, et al. Risk of infection associated with administration of intravenous iron: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(11):e2133935. PubMed
- Gamad N, Saha PK, Sharma P, Suri V, Chakrabarti A, Saha L. A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy, tolerability, and cost of oral iron preparations in iron-deficiency anemia in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021;47(11):3828-3841. PubMed
- El-Hawy MA, Abd Al-Salam SA, Bahbah WA. Comparing oral iron bisglycinate chelate, lactoferrin, lactoferrin with iron and iron polymaltose complex in the treatment of children with iron deficiency anemia. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021;46:367-371. PubMed
- Adams A, Scheckel B, Habsaoui A, et al. Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis- stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer patients with anaemia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 PubMed
- Kancherla K, Constantin H, Kanawati A, Graham E. Iron-induced Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia-An Atypical Case of Bilateral Femoral Stress Fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2023;7(5):e22. PubMed
- Shi R, Marin JG, Beaulieu M. Skin staining following intravenous iron extravasation in a patient with chronic kidney disease: A case report. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023;10:20543581231165705. PubMed
- Varandas C, Vieira J, Correia CJ, et al. Hypersensitivity reactions to iron products: 10-year experience in a Portuguese tertiary Centre. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2023.
- Jara Vidal M, López García MC, Quílez Toboso RP. Kounis syndrome after intravenous iron administration. Med Clin (Barc) 2023. DOI
- Jara Vidal M, Ruiz de Assín Valverde A, Aznar Rodríguez S. Severe hypophospathemia secondary to intravenous iron. Med Clin (Barc) 2023. DOI
- Samões B, Silva B, Martins A, et al. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by intravenous iron therapy: a case report. Joint Bone Spine 2023;90(5):105586. PubMed
- Seng NW, Barco JB, Wong MH, et al. Hypophosphatemia related to intravenous iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose: A case series. Transfus Med 2023. PubMed
- Fernandez-Flores A, Fernandez-Parrado M, Alzoghby-Abi Chaker J, Angulo AG. Axillary cutaneous hemosiderosis in a patient with hyperhidrosis, after intravenous iron infusion. Am J Dermatopathol 2023;45(7):463-465. PubMed
- Ye S, Grill V, Luo J, Nguyen HH. Concurrent Denosumab and Parenteral Iron Therapy Precipitating Severe Hypocalcemia and Hypophosphatemia. JCEM Case Rep 2024;2(2):luae005. PubMed
- Yerigeri K. Hemochromatosis in an Adult Female With Previous Iron Deficiency Anemia on Iron Supplementation. Cureus 2023;15(12):e50166. PubMed
- Meyers M, Salmon M, Libert I, Klášterský J. A meta-analysis on the risk of infection associated with intravenous iron therapy in cancer-associated anaemia: a double-edged sword?. Curr Opin Oncol 2024;36(4):223-232. PubMed
- Short V, Allen R, Earley CJ, et al. A randomized double-blind pilot study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravenous iron versus oral iron for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Hem PubMed
- Bellos I, Frountzas M, Pergialiotis V. Comparative Risk of Hypophosphatemia Following the Administration of Intravenous Iron Formulations: A Network Meta-Analysis. Transfus Med Rev 2020;34(3):188-194. PubMed
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Biktarvy Prescribing Information. October 2024. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/210251Orig1s020lbl.pdf. Accessed July 16, 2025.
Inulin 17 references
- Williams CM. Effects of inulin on lipid parameters in humans. J Nutr 1999 Jul;129(7 Suppl):1471S-3S. PubMed
- Pedersen A, Sandstrom B, Van Amelsvoort JM. The effect of ingestion of inulin on blood lipids and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy females. Br J Nutr 1997;78:215-22. PubMed
- Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT, Englyst HN. Prebiotic digestion and fermentation. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:415S-420S. PubMed
- Bonnema AL, Kolberg LW, Thomas W, Slavin JL. Gastrointestinal tolerance of chicory inulin products. J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110(6):865-8. PubMed
- Dehghan P, Gargari BP, Jafar-Abadi MA, Aliasgharzadeh A. Inulin controls inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014;65(1):117-23. PubMed
- Guess ND, Dornhorst A, Oliver N, Frost GS. A randomised crossover trial: the effect of inulin on glucose homeostasis in subtypes of prediabetes. Ann Nutr Metab 2016;68(1):26-34. PubMed
- Marteau P, Jacobs H, Cazaubiel M, Signoret C, Prevel JM, Housez B. Effects of chicory inulin in constipated elderly people: a double-blind controlled trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011;62(2):164-70. PubMed
- Mensink MA, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WL. Inulin, a flexible oligosaccharide I: review of its physicochemical characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 2015;130:405-19. PubMed
- Slavin J, Feirtag J. Chicory inulin does not increase stool weight or speed up intestinal transit time in healthy male subjects. Food Funct. 2011;2(1):72-7. PubMed
- Micka A, Siepelmeyer A, Holz A, Theis S, Schön C. Effect of consumption of chicory inulin on bowel function in healthy subjects with constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(1):82-89. PubMed
- Smiljanec K, Mitchell CM, Privitera OF, Neilson AP, Davy KP, Davy BM. Pre-meal inulin consumption does not affect acute energy intake in overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults: A randomized controlled crossover pilot trial. Nutr Health. 2017;23 PubMed
- Cai X, Yu H, Liu L, et al. Milk powder co-supplemented with inulin and resistant dextrin improves glycemic control and insulin resistance in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res PubMed
- Rao M, Gao C, Xu L, et al. Effect of inulin-type carbohydrates on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:5101423. PubMed
- Mitchell CM, Davy BM, Ponder MA, et al. Prebiotic Inulin Supplementation and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in adults at Elevated Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021;13(9):3235. PubMed
- Li L, Li P, Xu L. Assessing the effects of inulin-type fructan intake on body weight, blood glucose, and lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Sci Nutr 2021;9(8):4598-4616. PubMed
- Ziaei R, Shahshahan Z, Ghasemi-Tehrani H, Heidari Z, Ghiasvand R. Effects of inulin-type fructans with different degrees of polymerization on inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized,
- Risso D, Kaczmarczyk M, Laurie I, et al. Moderate intakes of soluble corn fibre or inulin do not cause gastrointestinal discomfort and are well tolerated in healthy children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022;73(8):1104-1115. PubMed
Chlorella 13 references
- Peirce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York, NY: William Morrow and Co., 1999.
- Ng TP, Tan WC, Lee YK. Occupational asthma in a pharmacist induced by chlorella, a unicellular algae preparation. Resp Med 1994;88:555-7. PubMed
- Jitsukawa K, Suizu R, Hidano A. Chlorella photosensitization. New phytophotodermatosis. Int J Dermatol 1984;23:263-8. PubMed
- Merchant RE, Carmack CA, Wise CM. Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot study. Phytother Res 2000;14:167-73.
- Merchant RE, Rice CD, Young HF. Dietary Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with malignant glioma: effects on immunocompetence, quality of life, and survival. Phytother Res 1990;4:220-31.
- Halperin SA, Smith B, Nolan C, et al. Safety and immunoenhancing effect of a Chlorella-derived dietary supplement in healthy adults undergoing influenza vaccination: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CMAJ 2003;169:111-7..
- Ohtake, T., Negishi, K., Okamoto, K., Oka, M., Maesato, K., Moriya, H., and Kobayashi, S. Manganese-induced Parkinsonism in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46(4):749-753. PubMed
- Ng, T. P., Tan, W. C., and Lee, Y. K. Occupational asthma in a pharmacist induced by Chlorella, a unicellular algae preparation. Respir.Med. 1994;88(7):555-557. PubMed
- Ohkawa, S., Yoneda, Y., Ohsumi, Y., and Tabuchi, M. [Warfarin therapy and chlorella]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1995;35(7):806-807.
- Azocar J, Diaz A. Efficacy and safety of chlorella supplementation in adults with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(7):1085-90. PubMed
- Panahi Y, Badeli R, Karami GR, Badeli Z, Sahebkar A. A randomized controlled trial of 6-week Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in patients with major depressive disorder. Complement Ther Med 2015;23(4):598-602. PubMed
- Nakano S, Takekoshi H, Nakano M. Chlorella pyrenoidosa supplementation reduces the risk of anemia, proteinuria and edema in pregnant women. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2010;65(1):25-30. PubMed
- Yavasoglu I, Turgutkaya A, Bolaman Z. Chlorella-induced thrombocytopenia. Sao Paulo Med J 2018;136(6):602-3. PubMed
Bee Pollen 15 references
- Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Shad JA, Chinn CG, Brann OS. Acute hepatitis after ingestion of herbs. South Med J 1999;92:1095-7. PubMed
- Puente S, Iniguez A, Subirats M, et al. [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis caused by bee pollen sensitization]. Med Clin (Barc) 1997;108:698-700.
- Winther K, Hedman C. Assessment of the Effects of the Herbal Remedy Femal on the Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2002;63:344-53. DOI
- Cohen SH, Yunginger JW, Rosenberg N, Fink JN. Acute allergic reaction after composite pollen ingestion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1979;64:270-4. PubMed
- Hurren KM, Lewis CL. Probable interaction between warfarin and bee pollen. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2010;67:2034-7. PubMed
- Akiyasu T, Paudyal B, Paudyal P, et al. A case report of acute renal failure associated with bee pollen contained in nutritional supplements. Ther Apher Dial 2010;14:93-7. PubMed
- Greenberger, P. A. and Flais, M. J. Bee pollen-induced anaphylactic reaction in an unknowingly sensitized subject. Ann.Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001;86(2):239-242. PubMed
- Lin FL, Vaughan TR, Vandewalker ML, et al. Hypereosinophilia, neurologic, and gastrointestinal symptoms after bee-pollen ingestion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;83(4):793-796. PubMed
- Mansfield LE, Goldstein GB. Anaphylactic reaction after ingestion of local bee pollen. Ann Allergy 1981;47(3):154-156.
- Choi JH, Jang YS, Oh JW, Kim CH, Hyun IG. Bee pollen-induced anaphylaxis: a case report and literature review. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015 Sep;7(5):513-7. PubMed
- Nonotte-Varly C. Allergenicity of Artemisia contained in bee pollen is proportional to its mass. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;47(6):218-24.
- Leang ZX, Thalayasingam M, O'Sullivan M. A paediatric case of exercise-augmented anaphylaxis following bee pollen ingestion in Western Australia. Asia Pac Allergy. 2022 Jul 12;12(3):e23. PubMed
Fucus Vesiculosus 15 references
- Goodman GA, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Phaneuf D, Cote I, Dumas P, et al. Evaluation of the contamination of marine algae (Seaweed) from the St. Lawrence River and likely to be consumed by humans. Environ Res 1999;80:S175-S182. PubMed
- Durig J, Bruhn T, Zurborn KH, et al. Anticoagulant fucoidan fractions from Fucus vesiculosus induce platelet activation in vitro. Thromb Res 1997;85:479-91. PubMed
- Conz PA, La Greca G, Benedetti P, et al. Fucus vesiculosus: a nephrotoxic alga? Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998;13:526-7.
- Ohye H, Fukata S, Kanoh M, et al. Thyrotoxicosis caused by weight-reducing herbal medicines. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:831-4. PubMed
- Okamura K, Inoue K, Omae T. A case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with thyroid immunological abnormality manifested after habitual ingestion of seaweed. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1978;88:703-12. PubMed
- Agarwal SC, Crook JR, Pepper CB. Herbal remedies -- how safe are they? A case report of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation induced by herbal medication used for obesity. Int J Cardiol 2006;106:260-1. PubMed
- Sterling JB, Heymann WR. Potassium iodide in dermatology: a 19th century drug for the 21st century-uses, pharmacology, adverse effects, and contraindications. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:691-7. PubMed
- Catania, M. A., Oteri, A., Caiello, P., Russo, A., Salvo, F., Giustini, E. S., Caputi, A. P., and Polimeni, G. Hemorrhagic cystitis induced by an herbal mixture. South.Med.J. 2010;103(1):90-92. PubMed
- Cumashi, A., Ushakova, N. A., Preobrazhenskaya, M. E., D'Incecco, A., Piccoli, A., Totani, L., Tinari, N., Morozevich, G. E., Berman, A. E., Bilan, M. I., Usov, A. I., Ustyuzhanina, N. E., Grachev, A. A., Sanderson, C. J., Kelly, M., Rabinovich, G. A., I
- Irhimeh, M. R., Fitton, J. H., and Lowenthal, R. M. Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 2009;20(7):607-610. PubMed
- Arbaizar, B. and Llorca, J. [Fucus vesiculosus induced hyperthyroidism in a patient undergoing concomitant treatment with lithium]. Actas Esp.Psiquiatr. 2011;39(6):401-403.
- Church FC, Meade JB, Treanor RE, and et al. Antithrombin activity of fucoidan. The interaction of fucoidan with heparin cofactor II, antithrombin III, and thrombin. J Biol Chem 2-25-1989;264(6):3618-3623. DOI
- Mathew L, Burney M, Gaikwad A, et al. Preclinical evaluation of safety of fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida and Fucus vesiculosus for use in cancer treatment. Integr Cancer Ther 2017;16(4):572-84.
Lipase 1 reference
- Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed
Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
- Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
- Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
- Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed
See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →
Kale 2 references
Bifidobacterium Bifidum 7 references
- Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
- Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. PubMed
- Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. Randomized controlled trial of probiotics to reduce common cold in schoolchildren. Pediatr Int. 2012;54(5):682-7. PubMed
- Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
- Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
- Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
- Esaiassen E, Hjerde E, Cavanagh JP, Simonsen GS, Klingenberg C; Norwegian Study Group on Invasive Bifidobacterial Infections. Bifidobacterium bacteremia: Clinical characteristics and a genomic approach to assess pathogenicity. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(7) PubMed
See these in context on the Bifidobacterium Bifidum monograph →
Blue-green Algae 22 references
- Jensen GS, Ginsberg DJ, Huerta P, et al. Consumption of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae has rapid effects on the circulation and function of immune cells in humans. A novel approach to nutritional mobilization of the immune system. JANA 2000;2:50-6.
- Iwasa M, Yamamoto M, Tanaka Y, et al. Spirulina-associated hepatotoxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:3212-13. PubMed
- Hayashi O, Katoh T, Okuwaki Y. Enhancement of antibody production in mice by dietary Spirulina platensis. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1994;40:431-41.. PubMed
- Vitale S, Miller NR, Mejico LJ, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial of super blue-green algae in patients with essential blepharospasm or Meige syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;138:18-32. PubMed
- Mani UV, Desai S, Iyer U. Studies on the long-term effect of spirulina supplementation on serum lipid profile and glycated proteins in NIDDM patients. J Nutraceut 2000;2(3):25-32. DOI
- Chiu HF, Yang SP, Kuo YL, et al. Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet effect of C-phycocyanin. Br J Nutr 2006;95:435-40. PubMed
- Hsiao G, Chou PH, Shen MY, et al. C-phycocyanin, a very potent and novel platelet aggregation inhibitor from Spirulina platensis. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:7734-40.
- Katz M, Levine AA, Kol-Degani H, Kav-Venaki L. A compound herbal preparation (CHP) in the treatment of children with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. J Atten Disord 2010;14:281-91. PubMed
- Madhyastha, H. K., Radha, K. S., Sugiki, M., Omura, S., and Maruyama, M. Purification of c-phycocyanin from Spirulina fusiformis and its effect on the induction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator from calf pulmonary endothelial cells. Phytomedicine PubMed
- Mazokopakis, E. E., Karefilakis, C. M., Tsartsalis, A. N., Milkas, A. N., and Ganotakis, E. S. Acute rhabdomyolysis caused by Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). Phytomedicine. 2008;15(6-7):525-527. PubMed
- Halidou, Doudou M., Degbey, H., Daouda, H., Leveque, A., Donnen, P., Hennart, P., and Dramaix-Wilmet, M. [The effect of spiruline during nutritional rehabilitation: systematic review]. Rev.Epidemiol.Sante Publique 2008;56(6):425-431.
- Konno, T., Umeda, Y., Umeda, M., Kawachi, I., Oyake, M., and Fujita, N. [A case of inflammatory myopathy with widely skin rash following use of supplements containing Spirulina]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2011;51(5):330-333. PubMed
- Le TM, Knulst AC, Röckmann H. Anaphylaxis to Spirulina confirmed by skin prick test with ingredients of Spirulina tablets. Food Chem Toxicol 2014;74:309-10. PubMed
- Rzymski P, Niedzielski P, Kaczmarek N, Jurczak T, Klimaszyk P. The multidisciplinary approach to safety and toxicity assessment of microalgae-based food supplements following clinical cases of poisoning. Harmful Algae 2015;46:34-42. DOI
- Petrus M, Culerrier R, Campistron M, et al. First case report of anaphylaxis to spirulin: identification of phycocyanin as responsible allergen. Allergy 2010;65(7):924-5. PubMed
- Marles RJ, Barrett ML, Barnes J, et al. United States Pharmacopeia safety evaluation of spirulina. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011;51(7):593-604. PubMed
- Majdoub H, Ben Mansour M, Chaubet F, et al. Anticoagulant activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from the green alga Arthrospira platensis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009;1790(10):1377-81. PubMed
- Cha BG, Kwak HW, Park AR, et al. Structural characteristics and biological performance of silk fibroin nanofiber containing microalgae spirulina extract. Biopolymers 2014;101(4):307-18. PubMed
- Jensen GS, Drapeau C, Lenninger M, Benson KF. Clinical safety of a high dose of phycocyanin-enriched aqueous extract from Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis: results from a randomized, double-Blind, placebo-controlled study with a focus on anticoagulant ac
- Hamedifard Z, Milajerdi A, Reiner Z, Taghizadeh M, Kolahdooz F, Asemi Z. The effects of spirulina on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized con
- Moradi S, Zobeiri M, Feizi A, Clark CCT, Entezari MH. The effects of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, sleep quality, mental health, fatigue status and quality of life in patients with ulcerative
- Ghanbari F, Amerizadeh A, Behshood P, Moradi S, Asgary S. Effect of microalgae arthrospira on biomarkers of glycemic control and glucose metabolism: a systematic Review and meta-analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022;47(10):100942. PubMed
Larch Arabinogalactan 8 references
- D'Adamo P. Larch arabinogalactan. J Naturopath Med 1996;6:33-7.
- Kelly GS. Larch arabinogalactan: Clinical relevance of a novel immune-enhancing polysaccharide. Alt Med Rev 1999;4:96-103.
- Marett R, Slavin JL. No long-term benefits of supplementation with arabinogalactan on serum lipids and glucose. J Am Diet Assoc 2004;104:636-9.
- Robinson RR, Feirtag J, Slavin JL. Effects of dietary arabinogalactan on gastrointestinal and blood parameters in healthy human subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:279-85. PubMed
- Udani JK, Singh BB, Barrett ML, Singh VJ. Proprietary arabinogalactan extract increases antibody response to the pneumonia vaccine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study in healthy volunteers. Nutr J 2010;9:32. PubMed
- Grube B, Stier H, Riede L, Gruenwald J. Tolerability of a proprietary larch arabinogalactan extract: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy subjects. Food Nutr Sci 2012;3:1533-8. DOI
- Dion C, Chappuis E, Ripoll C. Does larch arabinogalactan enhance immune function? A review of mechanistic and clinical trials. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016;13:28. PubMed
- Riede L, Grube B, Gruenwald J. Larch arabinogalactan effects on reducing incidence of upper respiratory tract infections. Curr Med Res Opin 2013;29(3):251-8.
See these in context on the Larch Arabinogalactan monograph →
Lactobacillus Acidophilus 15 references
- Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
- Begtrup LM, de Muckadell OB, Kjeldsen J, Christensen RD, Jarbøl DE. Long-term treatment with probiotics in primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome--a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48(10):1127-35 PubMed
- Chatterjee S, Kar P, Das T, Ray S, Gangulyt S, Rajendiran C, Mitra M. Randomised placebo-controlled double blind multicentric trial on efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 for prevention of antibiotic-associated
- Shavakhi A, Tabesh E, Yaghoutkar A, Hashemi H, Tabesh F, Khodadoostan M,Minakari M, Shavakhi S, Gholamrezaei A. The effects of multistrain probiotic compound on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized placebo-c
- Karamali M, Dadkhah F, Sadrkhanlou M, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycaemic control and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Metab 2016;42(4):234-41. PubMed
- Badehnoosh B, Karamali M, Zarrati M, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 May;31(9):1128-1136.
- Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabete
- Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
- Xiao SD, Zhang DZ, Lu H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB in patients with chronic diarrhea. Adv Ther. 2003;20(5):253-60.
- Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed
- Ozer M, Goksu SY, Shahverdiani A, Mustafa M. Lactobacillus acidophilus-induced endocarditis and associated splenic abscess. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020;2020:1382709.
- Sadrin S, Sennoune S, Gout B, et al. A 2-strain mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Dig Liver Dis 2020;52(5):534-540. PubMed
- Stoffer JN, Slingsby TJ, Giuliari GP. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection requiring intraocular lens explantation. Can J Ophthalmol 2022;57(1):e21-e22. PubMed
- Cukovic-Cavka S, Likic R, Francetic I, Rustemovic N, Opacic M, Vucelic B. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a cause of liver abscess in a NOD2/CARD15-positive patient with Crohn's disease. Digestion 2006;73(2-3):107-10.
- Hui J, Ren Y, Wang Y, Han Q. Lactobacillus acidophilus endophthalmitis postcataract operation: A case report with a literature review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023.
See these in context on the Lactobacillus Acidophilus monograph →
Bifidobacterium Longum 21 references
- Ha GY, Yang CH, Kim H, Chong Y. Case of sepsis caused by Bifidobacterium longum. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:1227-8.
- Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
- Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. PubMed
- Rautava S, Kainonen E, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Maternal probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and breast-feeding reduces the risk of eczema in the infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(6):1355-60. PubMed
- Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
- Pellonperä O, Vahlberg T, Mokkala K, et al. Weight gain and body composition during pregnancy: a randomised pilot trial with probiotics and/or fish oil. Br J Nutr. 2020 Nov 4:1-11. PubMed
- Pellonperä O, Mokkala K, Houttu N, et al. Efficacy of fish oil and/or probiotic intervention on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in an at-risk group of overweight and obese women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial PubMed
- Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
- Esaiassen E, Hjerde E, Cavanagh JP, Simonsen GS, Klingenberg C; Norwegian Study Group on Invasive Bifidobacterial Infections. Bifidobacterium bacteremia: Clinical characteristics and a genomic approach to assess pathogenicity. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(7) PubMed
- Enomoto T, Sowa M, Nishimori K, et al. Effects of bifidobacterial supplementation to pregnant women and infants in the prevention of allergy development in infants and on fecal microbiota. Allergol Int 2014;63(4):575-85. PubMed
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Dear Healthcare Provider Letter: Warning Regarding Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants. September 2023. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/172606/download?attachment. Accessed November 1, 2023.
- Pillai A, Tan J, Paquette V, Panczuk J. Does probiotic bacteremia in premature infants impact clinically relevant outcomes? A case report and updated review of literature. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;39:255-259. PubMed
- Sabaté JM, Iglicki F. Effect of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 on disease severity and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2022;28(7):732-744.
- Malaguarnera M, Greco F, Barone G, Gargante MP, Malaguarnera M, Toscano MA. Bifidobacterium longum with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52(11) PubMed
- Zbinden A, Zbinden R, Berger C, Arlettaz R. Case series of Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia in three preterm infants on probiotic therapy. Neonatology 2015;107(1):56-9.
- Tamaki H, Nakase H, Inoue S, et al. Efficacy of probiotic treatment with Bifidobacterium longum 536 for induction of remission in active ulcerative colitis: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Dig Endosc 2016;28(1):67-74.
- Bertelli C, Pillonel T, Torregrossa A, et al. Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia in preterm infants receiving probiotics. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60(6):924-7. PubMed
- Esaiassen E, Cavanagh P, Hjerde E, Simonsen GS, Støen R, Klingenberg C. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis bacteremia in 3 extremely preterm infants receiving probiotics. Emerg Infect Dis 2016;22(9):1664-6.
- Tena D, Losa C, Medina MJ, Sáez-Nieto JA. Peritonitis caused by Bifidobacterium longum: case report and literature review. Anaerobe 2014;27:27-30. PubMed
- Sangkanjanavanich S, Pradubpongsa P, Mitthamsiri W, Sangasapaviliya A, Boonpiyathad T. Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 efficacy in patients with uncontrolled asthma: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022;129(6):790-792. PubMed
- Wilson HL, Ong CW. Bifidobacterium longum vertebrodiscitis in a patient with cirrhosis and prostate cancer. Anaerobe 2017;47:47-50. PubMed
See these in context on the Bifidobacterium Longum monograph →
Cabbage 15 references
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Pantuck EJ, Pantuck CB, Anderson KE, et al. Effect of brussels sprouts and cabbage on drug conjugation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984;35:161-9. PubMed
- Roberts KL. A comparison of chilled cabbage leaves and chilled gelpaks in reducing breast engorgement. J Hum Lact 1995;11:17-20. PubMed
- Roberts KL, Reiter M, Schuster D. A comparison of chilled and room temperature cabbage leaves in treating breast engorgement. J Hum Lact 1995;11:191-4. PubMed
- Roberts KL, Reiter M, Schuster D. Effects of cabbage leaf extract on breast engorgement. J Hum Lact 1998;14:231-6. PubMed
- Nikodem VC, Danziger D, Gebka N, et al. Do cabbage leaves prevent breast engorgement? A randomized, controlled study. Birth 1993;20:61-4. PubMed
- Balk JL. Indole-3-carbinol for cancer prevention. Altern Med Alert 2000; 3:105-7.
- He YH, Friesen MD, Ruch RJ, Schut HA. Indole-3-carbinol as a chemopreventive agent in 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) carcinogenesis: inhibition of PhIP-DNA adduct formation, acceleration of PhIP metabolism, and induction of cytoch
- Platel, K. and Srinivasan, K. Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: vegetables as potential hypoglycaemic agents. Nahrung 1997;41(2):68-74. PubMed
- Steinkellner, H., Rabot, S., Freywald, C., Nobis, E., Scharf, G., Chabicovsky, M., Knasmuller, S., and Kassie, F. Effects of cruciferous vegetables and their constituents on drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the bioactivation of DNA-reactive dietary c
- Dolle S, Hompes S, Lange L, Worm M. Cabbage allergy: a rare cause of food-induced anaphylaxis. Acta Derm Venereol 2013;93(4):485-6. PubMed
- Lauche R, Graf N, Cramer H, Al-Abtah J, Dobos G, Saha FJ. Efficacy of cabbage leaf wraps in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain 2016;32(11):961-71. PubMed
- Lim AR, Song JA, Hur MH, Lee MK, Lee MS. Cabbage compression early breast care on breast engorgement in primiparous women after cesarean birth: a controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(11):21335-42.
- Milanesi N, Gola M. Irritant contact dermatitis caused by Savoy cabbage. Contact Dermatitis 2016;74(1):60-1. PubMed
- Saini P, Saini R. Cabbage leaves and breast engorgement. Indian J Public Health 2014;58(4):291-2. PubMed
Lactobacillus Gasseri 12 references
- Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
- Ramachandran L, Dontaraju VS, Patel K. Lactobacillus-associated spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a liver cirrhosis patient on probiotics. Cureus. 2020;12(12):e11896. PubMed
- Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed
- Ranchal P, Gupta R, Goldberg R, A Lobo S, Pascual A, El Khoury MY. Penicillin-sensitive Lactobacillus jensenii bacteremia. Am J Ther 2021;28(2):e250-e252. PubMed
- Grazioli-Gauthier L, Rigamonti E, Leo LA, Martinetti Lucchini G, Lo Priore E, Bernasconi E. Lactobacillus jensenii mitral valve endocarditis: Case report, literature review and new perspectives. IDCases 2022;27:e01401. PubMed
- Toprak NU, Bozan T, Yilmaz S, Buyukbayrak EE, Tigen ET. Polymicrobial bacteremia due to Lactobacillus jensenii and Veillonella montpellierensis in a pregnant patient; case report and review of literature. Anaerobe 2022;75:102576. PubMed
- Chazan B, Raz R, Shental Y, Sprecher H, Colodner R. Bacteremia and pyelonephritis caused by Lactobacillus jensenii in a patient with urolithiasis. Isr Med Assoc J 2008;10(2):164-5.
- Ramos-Coria D, Canto-Losa J, Carrillo-Vázquez D, Carbajal-Morelos L, Estrada-León R, Corona-Rodarte E. Lactobacillus gasseri liver abscess and bacteremia: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021;21(1):518. PubMed
- Elikowski W, Malek-Elikowska M, Lisiecka M, Bodora A, Wisniewska K, Oko-Sarnowska Z. Lactobacillus gasseri endocarditis on the aortic valve bioprosthesis - a case report. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2017;43(257):220-223.
- Esquibel A, Dababneh AS, Palraj BR. Lactobacillus gasseri causing bilateral empyema. Case Rep Infect Dis 2017;2017:4895619.
- Tleyjeh IM, Routh J, Qutub MO, Lischer G, Liang KV, Baddour LM. Lactobacillus gasseri causing Fournier's gangrene. Scand J Infect Dis 2004;36(6-7):501-3. PubMed
- Dickgiesser U, Weiss N, Fritsche D. Lactobacillus gasseri as the cause of septic urinary infection. Infection 1984;12(1):14-6. PubMed
See these in context on the Lactobacillus Gasseri monograph →
Alfalfa 32 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Kurzer MS, Xu X. Dietary phytoestrogens. Annu Rev Nutr 1997;17:353-81. PubMed
- Farber JM, Carter AO, Varughese PV, et al. Listeriosis traced to the consumption of alfalfa tablets and soft cheese [Letter to the Editor]. N Engl J Med 1990;322:338. PubMed
- Molgaard J, von Schenck H, Olsson AG. Alfalfa seeds lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 1987;65:173-9. PubMed
- Light TD, Light JA. Acute renal transplant rejection possibly related to herbal medications. Am J Transplant 2003;3:1608-9. PubMed
- Prete PE. The mechanism of action of L-canavanine in inducing autoimmune phenomena. Arthritis Rheum 1985;28:1198-200. PubMed
- Alcocer-Varela J, Iglesias A, Llorente L, Alarcon-Segovia D. Effects of L-canavanine on T cells may explain the induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by alfalfa. Arthritis Rheum 1985;28:52-7. PubMed
- Roberts JL, Hayashi JA. Exacerbation of SLE associated with alfalfa ingestion. N Engl J Med 1983;308:1361. DOI
- Feingold, R. M. Should we fear "health foods"? Arch Intern Med 7-12-1999;159(13):1502. PubMed
- Taormina, P. J., Beuchat, L. R., and Slutsker, L. Infections associated with eating seed sprouts: an international concern. Emerg.Infect.Dis 1999;5(5):626-634. PubMed
- Backer, H. D., Mohle-Boetani, J. C., Werner, S. B., Abbott, S. L., Farrar, J., and Vugia, D. J. High incidence of extra-intestinal infections in a Salmonella Havana outbreak associated with alfalfa sprouts. Public Health Rep. 2000;115(4):339-345. PubMed
- Mohle-Boetani J, Werner B, Polumbo M, and et al. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alfalfa sprouts-- Arizona, California, Colorado, and New Mexico, February-April, 2001. JAMA 2-6-2002;287(5):581-582.
- Howard, M. B. and Hutcheson, S. W. Growth dynamics of Salmonella enterica strains on alfalfa sprouts and in waste seed irrigation water. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 2003;69(1):548-553.
- Winthrop, K. L., Palumbo, M. S., Farrar, J. A., Mohle-Boetani, J. C., Abbott, S., Beatty, M. E., Inami, G., and Werner, S. B. Alfalfa sprouts and Salmonella Kottbus infection: a multistate outbreak following inadequate seed disinfection with heat and chl
- Strapp, C. M., Shearer, A. E., and Joerger, R. D. Survey of retail alfalfa sprouts and mushrooms for the presence of Escherichia coil O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria with BAX, and evaluation of this polymerase chain reaction-based system with experimen
- Akaogi, J., Barker, T., Kuroda, Y., Nacionales, D. C., Yamasaki, Y., Stevens, B. R., Reeves, W. H., and Satoh, M. Role of non-protein amino acid L-canavanine in autoimmunity. Autoimmun.Rev 2006;5(6):429-435. PubMed
- Burden and causes of foodborne disease in Australia: Annual report of the OzFoodNet network, 2005. Commun.Dis Intell. 2006;30(3):278-300.
- Shemesh, M., Lindner, H. R., and Ayalon, N. Affinity of rabbit uterine oestradiol receptor for phyto-oestrogens and its use in a competitive protein-binding radioassay for plasma coumestrol. J Reprod.Fertil. 1972;29(1):1-9. PubMed
- Elakovich, S. D. and Hampton, J. M. Analysis of coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, in alfalfa tablets sold for human consumption. J Agric.Food Chem. 1984;32(1):173-175. PubMed
- Malinow, M. R., Bardana, E. J., Jr., Pirofsky, B., Craig, S., and McLaughlin, P. Systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome in monkeys fed alfalfa sprouts: role of a nonprotein amino acid. Science 4-23-1982;216(4544):415-417. PubMed
- Malinow, M. R., McLaughlin, P., and Stafford, C. Alfalfa seeds: effects on cholesterol metabolism. Experientia 5-15-1980;36(5):562-564. PubMed
- Farnsworth, N. R. Alfalfa pills and autoimmune diseases. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62(5):1026-1028. DOI
- Herbert, V. and Kasdan, T. S. Alfalfa, vitamin E, and autoimmune disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60(4):639-640.
- Mahon, B. E., Ponka, A., Hall, W. N., Komatsu, K., Dietrich, S. E., Siitonen, A., Cage, G., Hayes, P. S., Lambert-Fair, M. A., Bean, N. H., Griffin, P. M., and Slutsker, L. An international outbreak of Salmonella infections caused by alfalfa sprouts grow
- Gray, A. M. and Flatt, P. R. Pancreatic and extra-pancreatic effects of the traditional anti- diabetic plant, Medicago sativa (lucerne). Br J Nutr. 1997;78(2):325-334.
- Van Beneden, C. A., Keene, W. E., Strang, R. A., Werker, D. H., King, A. S., Mahon, B., Hedberg, K., Bell, A., Kelly, M. T., Balan, V. K., Mac Kenzie, W. R., and Fleming, D. Multinational outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections due to
- Rubenstein AH, Levin NW, and Elliott GA. Manganese-induced hypoglycemia. Lancet 1962;1348-1351.
- Kaufman W. Alfalfa seed dermatitis. JAMA 1954;155(12):1058-1059. PubMed
- Ponka A, Andersson Y, Siitonen A, and et al. Salmonella in alfalfa sprouts. Lancet 1995;345:462-463. PubMed
- Puschner B, Chen X, Read D, Affolter VK. Alfalfa hay induced primary photosensitization in horses. Vet J. 2016 May;211:32-8. PubMed
Broccoli 5 references
- Kristal AR, Lampe JW. Brassica vegetables and prostate cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 2002;42:1-9. PubMed
- Chakrabarti A, Prais L, Foulds IS. Allergic contact dermatitis to broccoli. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:172-3. PubMed
- Hakooz, N. and Hamdan, I. Effects of dietary broccoli on human in vivo caffeine metabolism: a pilot study on a group of Jordanian volunteers. Curr Drug Metab 2007;8(1):9-15. PubMed
- Kall MA, Vang O, Clausen J. Effects of dietary broccoli on human drug metabolising activity. Cancer Lett. 1997;114(1-2):169-70. PubMed
- Bauman JE, Hsu CH, Centuori S, et al. Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(9):2129. Published 2022 Apr 24. PubMed
American Ginseng 12 references
- Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ. Phenelzine and the dream machine-ramblings and reflections. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1985;5:65. PubMed
- Jones BD, Runikis AM. Interaction of ginseng with phenelzine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:201-2. PubMed
- Janetzky K, Morreale AP. Probable interaction between warfarin and ginseng. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997;54:692-3. PubMed
- Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, et al. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1009-13. PubMed
- Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, et al. Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1221-6. PubMed
- Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau TK. An in-vitro study of ginsenoside Rb(1)-induced teratogenicity using a whole rat embryo culture model. Hum Reprod 2003;18:2166-8..
- McElhaney JE, Gravenstein S, Cole SK, et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Proprietary Extract of North American Ginseng (CVT-E002) to Prevent Acute Respiratory Illness in Institutionalized Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:13-9. PubMed
- Yuan CS, Wei G, Dey L, et al. American ginseng reduces warfarin's effect in healthy patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:23-7.
- Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin R, et al. Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2005;173:1043-8.. PubMed
- McElhaney JE, Goel V, Toane B, et al. Efficacy of COLD-fX in the prevention of respiratory symptoms in community-dwelling adults: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2006;12:153-7. PubMed
- Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin RE, et al. Immune modulating effects of daily supplementation of COLD-fX (a proprietary extract of North American ginseng) in healthy adults. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2006;39:162-167. DOI
- Stavro PM, Woo M, Leiter LA, et al. Long-term intake of North American ginseng has no effect on 24-hour blood pressure and renal function. Hypertension 2006;47(4):791-6. PubMed
Barley 15 references
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Fernandez-Anaya S, Crespo JF, Rodriguez JR, et al. Beer anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:959-60.
- Lembo A, Camilleri M. Chronic constipation. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1360-8. . PubMed
- Ferre, I., Giraldez, F. J., Alvarez-Bujidos, M. L., and Mantecon, A. R. Influence of barley supplement on plasma concentration of triclabendazole metabolites in sheep. Vet.Rec. 11-22-1997;141(21):549-551. PubMed
- Curioni, A., Santucci, B., Cristaudo, A., Canistraci, C., Pietravalle, M., Simonato, B., and Giannattasio, M. Urticaria from beer: an immediate hypersensitivity reaction due to a 10- kDa protein derived from barley. Clin Exp Allergy 1999;29(3):407-413. PubMed
- Fernandez-Anaya, S., Crespo, J. F., Rodriguez, J. R., Daroca, P., Carmona, E., Herraez, L., and Lopez-Rubio, A. Beer anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103(5 Pt 1):959-960.
- Cronin, E. Contact dermatitis from barley dust. Contact Dermatitis 1979;5(3):196. PubMed
- Block, G., Tse, K. S., Kijek, K., Chan, H., and Chan-Yeung, M. Baker's asthma. Studies of the cross-antigenicity between different cereal grains. Clin Allergy 1984;14(2):177-185.
- van Ketel, W. G. Immediate type allergy to malt in beer. Contact Dermatitis 1980;6(4):297-298. PubMed
- Ellis, H. J., Doyle, A. P., Day, P., Wieser, H., and Ciclitira, P. J. Demonstration of the presence of coeliac-activating gliadin-like epitopes in malted barley. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1994;104(3):308-310. PubMed
- Vidal, C. and Gonzalez-Quintela, A. Food-induced and occupational asthma due to barley flour. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1995;75(2):121-124.
- Gutgesell, C. and Fuchs, T. Contact urticaria from beer. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(6):436-437. PubMed
- Baker, P. G. and Read, A. E. Oats and barley toxicity in coeliac patients. Postgrad.Med J 1976;52(607):264-268. PubMed
- Nakase, M., Usui, Y., Alvarez-Nakase, A. M., Adachi, T., Urisu, A., Nakamura, R., Aoki, N., Kitajima, K., and Matsuda, T. Cereal allergens: rice-seed allergens with structural similarity to wheat and barley allergens. Allergy 1998;53(46 Suppl):55-57. PubMed
- Pereira, F., Rafael, M., and Lacerda, M. H. Contact dermatitis from barley. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39(5):261-262. PubMed
Rice Bran 7 references
- Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
- Fujiwaki T, Furusho K. The effects of rice bran broth bathing in patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1992;34:505-10.
- Uenotsuchi T, Satoh E, Kiryu H, Yano Y. Pyemotes dermatitis caused by indirect contact with husk rice. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:680-2. DOI
- Satoh R, Tsuge I, Tokuda R, Teshima R. Analysis of the distribution of rice allergens in brown rice grains and of the allergenicity of products containing rice bran. Food Chem. 2019;276:761-767. PubMed
- Togashi Y, Inomata N, Suzuki A, Hakuta A, Aihara M. Pediatric case with rice bran allergy induced by epicutaneous sensitization in a family rice shop. Allergol Int. 2019;68(1):117-118. PubMed
- So WKW, Chan JYW, Law BMH, et al. Effects of a Rice Bran Dietary Intervention on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota of Adults with a High Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Randomised-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021;13(2):526. PubMed
- Haneda Y, Kadowaki S, Furui M, Taketani T. A pediatric case of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis due to rice bran. Asia Pac Allergy 2021;11(1):e4. PubMed
Parsley 21 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler's Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
- Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal, 4th ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1999. DOI
- Eberhard P, Gall HM, Muller I, Moller R. Dramatic augmentation of a food allergy by acetylsalicylic acid. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:844 PubMed
- Tunali T, Yarat A, Yanardag R, et al. Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the skin of STZ induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 1999;13:138-41.. DOI
- Chuang CH, Doyle P, Wang JD, et al. Herbal medicines used during the first trimester and major congenital malformations: an analysis of data from a pregnancy cohort study. Drug Saf 2006;29:537-48. PubMed
- Ciganda C, and Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:235-239. PubMed
- Jakovljevic, V., Raskovic, A., Popovic, M., and Sabo, J. The effect of celery and parsley juices on pharmacodynamic activity of drugs involving cytochrome P450 in their metabolism. Eur.J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;27(3):153-156. PubMed
- Kreydiyyeh, S. I. and Usta, J. Diuretic effect and mechanism of action of parsley. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79(3):353-357. PubMed
- Yanardag, R., Bolkent, S., Tabakoglu-Oguz, A., and Ozsoy-Sacan, O. Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract on pancreatic B cells and blood glucose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;26(8):1206-1210. PubMed
- Bolkent, S., Yanardag, R., Ozsoy-Sacan, O., and Karabulut-Bulan, O. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the liver of diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study. Phytother.Res 2004;18(12):996-999.
- Ozsoy-Sacan, O., Yanardag, R., Orak, H., Ozgey, Y., Yarat, A., and Tunali, T. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) extract versus glibornuride on the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 3-8-2006;104(1-2):175-181. PubMed
- Peterson, S., Lampe, J. W., Bammler, T. K., Gross-Steinmeyer, K., and Eaton, D. L. Apiaceous vegetable constituents inhibit human cytochrome P-450 1A2 (hCYP1A2) activity and hCYP1A2-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2006;44(9):147 PubMed
- Gadi, D., Bnouham, M., Aziz, M., Ziyyat, A., Legssyer, A., Legrand, C., Lafeve, F. F., and Mekhfi, H. Parsley extract inhibits in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 8-17-2009;125(1):170-174. PubMed
- Arslan S, Ucar R, Caliskaner AZ. A Cases of Near-fatal Anaphylaxis: Parsley "Over-use" as an Herbal Remedy. Med Arch. 2014;68(6):426-7.
- Foti C, Cassano N, Mistrello G, Amato S, Romita P, Vena GA. Contact urticaria to raw arugula and parsley. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 May;106(5):447-8. PubMed
- Farzaei MH, Abbasabadi Z, Ardekani MR, Rahimi R, Farzaei F. Parsley: a review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities. J Tradit Chin Med. 2013;33(6):815-26. PubMed
- Kurtaran M, Koc NS, Aksun MS, Yildirim T, Yilmaz SR, Erdem Y. Petroselinum crispum, a commonly consumed food, affects sirolimus level in a renal transplant recipient: a case report. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2021;12:20420986211009358.
Oats 13 references
- Cooper SG, Tracey EJ. Small-bowel obstruction caused by oat-bran bezoar. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1148-9. DOI
- Pick ME, Hawrysh ZJ, Gee MI, et al. Oat bran concentrate bread products improve long-term control of diabetes: a pilot study. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96:1254-61. PubMed
- Braaten JT, Scott FW, Wood PJ, et al. High beta-glucan oat bran and oat gum reduce postprandial blood glucose and insulin in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 1994;11:312-8.
- Rosario PG, Gerst PH, Prakash K, Albu E. Dentureless distention: oat bran bezoars cause obstruction. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990;38:608. PubMed
- Food and Drug Administration. Food labeling: health claims: oats and coronary heart disease. Fed Regist 1996;61:296-313.
- Foulke J. FDA Allows Whole Oat Foods To Make Health Claim on Reducing the Risk of Heart Disease. FDA Talk Paper. 1997. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00782.html.
- Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohann D, et al. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1392-8. PubMed
- Lembo A, Camilleri M. Chronic constipation. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1360-8. . PubMed
- De Paz Arranz S, Perez Montero A, Remon LZ, Molero MI. Allergic contact urticaria to oatmeal. Allergy 2002;57:1215. . PubMed
- Delgado G, Kleber ME, Krämer BK, et al. Dietary intervention with oatmeal in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus - A crossover study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;127(9):623-629. PubMed
- Sobhan M, Hojati M, Vafaie SY, Ahmadimoghaddam D, Mohammadi Y, Mehrpooya M. The efficacy of colloidal oatmeal cream 1% as add-on therapy in the management of chronic irritant hand eczema: A double-blind study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020;13:241-25
- Hou Q, Li Y, Li L, Cheng G, Sun X, Li S, Tian H. The metabolic effects of oats intake in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2015;7(12):10369-87. PubMed
- González-Afonso M, Cañas JA, Sastre B, et al. A Case of Anaphylaxis After Ingestion of Oats: Research Into New Allergens. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022;32(6):506-508. PubMed
Carrot 14 references
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Wetzel WE, Lehn W, Grieb A. [Carotene jaundice in infants with "sugar nursing bottle syndrome"]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1989;137(10):659-61.
- el-Arab AE, Khalil F, Hussein L. Vitamin A deficiency among preschool children in a rural area of Egypt: the results of dietary assessment and biochemical assay. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2002;53(6):465-74. PubMed
- Helbling A. [Food allergy]. Ther Umsch 1994;51(1):31-7.
- Kaplan R. Carrot addiction. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1996;30(5):698-700.
- Ncube, T. N., Greiner, T., Malaba, L. C., and Gebre-Medhin, M. Supplementing lactating women with puréed papaya and grated carrots improved vitamin A status in a placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr 2001;131(5):1497-1502. PubMed
- Mullins M, Froelke BR, Rivera MR. Effect of delayed activated charcoal on acetaminophen concentration after simulated overdose of oxycodone and acetaminophen. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009;47(2):112-5. PubMed
- Kawai M, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Hagura A, Masuda K, Katoh N. Allergic contact dermatitis due to carrots. J Dermatol 2014;41(8):753-4. PubMed
- Xu X, Cheng Y, Li S, et al. Dietary carrot consumption and the risk of prostate cancer. Eur J Nutr 2014;53(8):1615-23. PubMed
- Donaldson MS, Speight N, Loomis S. Fibromyalgia syndrome improved using a mostly raw vegetarian diet: an observational study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2001;1:7. PubMed
- Chen H, Shao F, Zhang F, Miao Q. Association between dietary carrot intake and breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(37):e12164. PubMed
- Bosanac SS, Clark AK, Sivamani RK. Phytophotodermatitis related to carrot extract-containing sunscreen. Dermatol Online J. 2018;24(1). pii: 13030/qt2nv2d1n0. DOI
- Deding U, Baatrup G, Christensen LP, Kobaek-Larsen M. Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes. Nutrients 2020;12(2):332. PubMed
- Sánchez-Guerrero IM, Nieto A, Meseguer J, et al. Occupational Rhinoconjunctivitis Induced by Unusual Allergens of Carrot. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020;30(3):204-206. PubMed
Wheatgrass 5 references
- Ben-Arye E, Golden E, Wengrower D, et al. Wheat grass juice in the treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002;4:444-9.. PubMed
- Mohan Y, Jesuthankaraj GN1, Ramasamy Thangavelu N. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Triticum aestivum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2013;2013:716073.
- Shakya G, Randhi PK, Pajaniradje S, Mohankumar K, Rajagopalan R. Hypoglycaemic role of wheatgrass and its effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in type II diabetic rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016;32(6):1026-32. PubMed
- Food and Drug Administration. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA); Public Law 108-282, Title II. Accessed on May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-allergensgluten-free-guidance-documents-regulatory-infor
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC