Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Ancient Nutrition

Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility is a dietary supplement by Ancient Nutrition with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for chronic pain, nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, muscle spasticity (e.g., multiple sclerosis).Based on those ingredients, 1,433 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Joint & Mobility Blend. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility by Ancient Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility by Ancient Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility by Ancient Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “Joint & Mobility Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (354 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Multi Collagen Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (1.70 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 8 ingredients, of which the active ones are the collagen peptides, plus apple cider vinegar, ginger, turmeric, skullcap, and two proprietary blends (Joint & Mobility Blend and Multi Collagen Complex) whose specific components are listed separately. Collagen peptides—from bovine hide and fish—are hydrolyzed proteins meant to support skin and joint structure.

The other botanicals and vinegar are traditional ingredients for joint and general wellness support. The inactive ingredients are bovine gelatin (the capsule) and carnauba wax.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Support healthy joints, skin, nails and gut.
  • We looked for evidence on: Aging skin, Atopic dermatitis (eczema), Brittle nails, Dry skin, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Turmeric is rated "Possibly Effective" for Osteoarthritis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Ginger is rated "Possibly Effective" for Osteoarthritis.
  • Also on file: Collagen Peptides is rated "Possibly Effective" for Aging skin, Dry skin.

For aging skin and dry skin, the two collagen peptides are rated Possibly Effective based on available evidence. Ginger is Possibly Effective for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting and for osteoarthritis.

Turmeric is Possibly Effective for depression, high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Collagen peptides showed Possibly Ineffective evidence for muscle strength, and ginger for exercise-induced muscle soreness.

For acne, athletic performance, and most other claimed uses of the other ingredients, the evidence we hold is insufficient to rate them.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Cannabis Apple Cider Vinegar Ginger Turmeric Skullcap Collagen Peptides

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Collagen peptides are generally well tolerated, though rare side effects include nausea, indigestion (dyspepsia), diarrhea, and gas. Apple cider vinegar is well tolerated in food amounts but can cause problems at high doses or long-term use—serious but rare effects from large amounts include low potassium, high renin levels, and bone loss.

Ginger is generally well tolerated at typical amounts; side effects may include abdominal discomfort, burping, diarrhea, and heartburn. Turmeric is generally well tolerated as food but concentrated supplements may cause constipation, indigestion, diarrhea, nausea, and rarely liver damage with long-term use.

Skullcap may cause sedation, cognitive impairment, and digestive upset, especially at higher doses. Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety data: collagen peptides are not well studied in pregnancy or breastfeeding—check with your doctor.

Ginger is often used for morning sickness but keep amounts moderate and ask your doctor first. Turmeric food amounts are likely fine in pregnancy but avoid supplements without approval.

Skullcap should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Cannabis Apple Cider Vinegar Ginger Turmeric Skullcap Collagen Peptides

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Turmeric, Apple Cider Vinegar, Ginger, Skullcap.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; cancer treatments; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 1,344 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you take: any CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids, anxiety medications)—skullcap at Moderate severity; blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin or aspirin, or heart drugs like digoxin and nifedipine—ginger and apple cider vinegar at Moderate severity; insulin or other diabetes drugs—apple cider vinegar and ginger at Moderate severity; chemotherapy drugs, tacrolimus, tamoxifen, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, tramadol, or drugs metabolized by CYP3A4—turmeric at Moderate severity. No interactions are documented for the collagen peptides we checked.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with aging skin and osteoarthritis based on the evidence we hold, though results vary. If you take blood thinners, diabetes drugs, heart medications, blood pressure drugs, chemotherapy, immunosuppressants, or CNS depressants, or if you're pregnant or breastfeeding, check with your pharmacist before starting—the interactions here are real.

The collagen peptides are the gentlest ingredients; the real cautions are with ginger, turmeric, apple cider vinegar, and especially skullcap.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 22, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility, straight from the product label.

Brand Ancient Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 816401025159
Net contents 45 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 22, 2023
DSLD ID 287178
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility by Ancient Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
15
UPC/BARCODE
816401025159
IngredientAmount% DV
hydrolyzed Bovine Hide Collagen Peptides0 NP--
organic Apple Cider Vinegar0 NP--
organic fermented Ginger0 NP--
Chicken Bone Broth Protein concentrate0 NP--
fermented Eggshell Membrane Collagen0 NP--
hydrolyzed Fish Collagen Peptides0 NP--
organic fermented Turmeric0 NP--
Joint & Mobility Blend354 mg--
Multi Collagen Complex1.7 Gram(s)--
Skullcap, Fermented, Organic0 NP--

Other ingredients: Bovine Gelatin, Copernicia cerifera

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Joints Skin Nails Gut Supports healthy joints, skin, nails and gut

Color and odor may vary from lot to lot.

IGEN Non-GMO tested

Formula

10 types of Collagen

FDA Statement of Identity

Whole Food Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Adults take 3 capsules per day.

Precautions

Contains: Egg, fish (haddock, cod, pollock). Warning: If you are pregnant, nursing, allergic, have a medical condition, or taking any medications, consult a doctor before using this or any other dietary supplement.

Warning: If you are pregnant, nursing, allergic, have a medical condition, or taking any medications, consult a doctor before using this or any other dietary supplement.

Do not use if inner safety seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Notice: Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

IGEN Non-GMO tested

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility by Ancient Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility by Ancient Nutrition

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container15 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Joint & Mobility Blend

Interacts with
1,136 drugs
354 mg per serving

Cannabis contains many active compounds, mainly THC (which causes a 'high') and CBD (which does not). Some uses, such as chemotherapy-related nausea,...

Joint & Mobility Blend monograph & interactions

Multi Collagen Complex

1.7 Gram(s) per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Bovine Gelatin, Copernicia cerifera. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility by Ancient Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,433Drugs
2 Major 1,392 Moderate 39 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Joint & Mobility Blend 1,136

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility interact with 1,433 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 5 ingredients in Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Joint & Mobility Blend

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Joint & Mobility Blend18 drug types · 1,136 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Concomitant use with cannabis seems to increase the levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
In vitro research shows that the cannabis constituents delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol inhibit the cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)-mediated 7-hydroxylation of S-warfarin in a concentration-dependent manner.
Additionally, there are multiple case reports of patients chronically taking warfarin that developed a spike in international normalized ratio (INR) after using cannabis in various forms, including smoking cannabis, taking medical cannabis orally, or drinking water infused with cannabis flower. One patient smoked 2-2.5 grams in one week and another patient had doubled the amount of THC consumed from 7.5 mg to 14.7 mg daily for one week.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Alcohol (Ethanol)

Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects when used with alcohol.
Cannabis can have CNS depressant effects, similar to synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Theoretically, concomitant use of alcohol with cannabis can have additive effects including psychomotor impairment, sedation, and changes in mood and behavior.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anesthesia

Cannabis use might alter the safety and clinical effects of various forms of anesthesia.
A small clinical study shows that higher doses of propofol may be needed to achieve relaxation and loss of consciousness in chronic cannabis users compared with nonusers. Another small clinical study shows that use of cannabis within 72 hours prior to undergoing surgery requiring atropine anesthesia may increase the risk of sustained postoperative tachycardia. The exact mechanisms of these interactions are unclear. Obtain a patient's history of cannabis use preoperatively and advise patients to discontinue cannabis use for at least 2 weeks prior to undergoing surgery.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, cannabis might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that the cannabis constituents delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) inhibit platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Barbiturates

Theoretically, cannabis might increase the levels and adverse effects of barbiturates.
Some research shows that synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) increases the elimination half-life of pentobarbital by 4 hours when dosed concomitantly.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, cannabis might have additive effects if used with other CNS depressants.
Cannabis can have CNS depressant effects. Combining cannabis with other CNS depressants might result in additive or synergistic effects. A small clinical trial in healthy adults shows that inhaling a high-grade cannabis (Bedrocan International B.V., Veendam, The Netherlands) 100 mg, containing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol 21.8% and cannabinol 0.1%, modestly increases subjective feelings of sedation when compared with cannabis alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Cannabis may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Research shows that cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of cannabis, inhibits CYP2C19. In clinical studies and case reports, cannabidiol use resulted in significant increases in the serum levels of topiramate, methadone, citalopram, omeprazole, and N-desmethylclobazam, the primary active metabolite of clobazam. These chemicals are metabolized by CYP2C19. Concomitant use of cannabis with CYP2C19 substrates may increase the risk for adverse effects from these substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Inducers

Theoretically, drugs that are CYP2C9 inducers might decrease the effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP2C9 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Inhibitors

Theoretically, drugs that are CYP2C9 inhibitors might increase the adverse effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP2C9 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, cannabis might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the cannabis constituents delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol moderately inhibit the CYP2C9-mediated 7-hydroxylation of S-warfarin in a concentration-dependent manner. In vitro research also shows that cannabis extracts modestly inhibit the CYP2C9 metabolism of tolbutamide; extracts providing the specific cannabinoids CBD and cannabigerol (CBG) had stronger inhibitory effects than extracts containing THC and CBD.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Theoretically, cannabis might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP2E1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that cannabis can induce the activity of CYP2E1, which might increase the metabolism of CYP2E1 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Inducers

Theoretically, CYP3A4 inducers might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Inhibitors

Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and adverse effects of cannabis.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active constituent of cannabis, is a substrate of CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, cannabis may increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that cannabis can inhibit the activity of CYP3A4 enzymes, which might decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates. In vitro research also shows that cannabis extracts modestly inhibit the CYP3A4 metabolism of testosterone; extracts providing the specific cannabinoids CBD and cannabigerol (CBG) had stronger inhibitory effects than extracts containing THC and CBD.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, cannabis might alter levels of drugs that are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).
Most in vitro research suggests that constituents of cannabis, including cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can inhibit P-gp and increase the accumulation of probe compounds by reducing P-gp mediated drug efflux. In vitro studies in kidney cell lines show that a 1-hour exposure to CBD and THC inhibits P-gp. Cannabis may also alter the expression of P-gp, although this effect appears to vary based on duration of exposure. Some in vitro research in lymphoblastoid leukemia cell lines indicates that a 1-hour exposure to cannabinoids does not affect P-gp expression, while a prolonged 72-hour exposure decreases P-gp expression. Other in vitro research in these cell lines shows that a 4-hour exposure to THC and CBD induces P-gp gene expression, while exposure for longer than 4 hours and up to 48 hours does not induce P-gp gene expression.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Smoking cannabis while taking theophylline might reduce the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Similar to smoking tobacco, smoking cannabis seems to increase the metabolism of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thrombolytic Drugs

Cannabis might augment the effects of thrombolytic drugs and increase the risk of severe bleeding.
A case of cerebral hemorrhage has been reported for a 51-year-old female and chronic cannabis user who had consumed a large amount of cannabis prior to receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) for ischemic stroke. Hemorrhage had been ruled out prior to providing the rtPA. The exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antipsychotic Drugs

Cannabis does not seem to affect blood levels or effects of some antipsychotic drugs.
Human research shows that cannabis use does not affect blood levels or clinical effects of amisulpride, aripiprazole, or olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Joint & Mobility Blend full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility, from the product label.

Ancient Nutrition

See all Ancient Nutrition products
Name
Ancient Nutrition, LLC
Street Address
415 Duke Drive Suite 380
City
Franklin
State
TN
ZipCode
37067
Web Address
www.AncientNutrition.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility by Ancient Nutrition: Common Questions

Does Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility by Ancient Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility has a known interaction with 1,433 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this help my joint pain or arthritis?
Ginger is rated Possibly Effective for osteoarthritis based on available evidence, so that may help. Collagen peptides are mainly supported for aging skin and dry skin. The evidence for the other ingredients here on joint health specifically is not established in our data.
What are the collagen peptides in here?
They're hydrolyzed proteins from bovine hide and fish—broken down into smaller molecules so your body can absorb them more easily. They're generally well tolerated as a dietary protein.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
The collagen peptides aren't well studied in pregnancy, so ask your doctor first. Ginger is often used for morning sickness but keep amounts moderate and get approval. Turmeric food amounts are likely okay, but avoid supplements without your doctor's okay. Skullcap should be avoided in pregnancy.
What are the most common side effects?
With the collagen peptides, side effects are rare but may include nausea, indigestion, diarrhea, or gas. Ginger may cause burping, diarrhea, heartburn, or abdominal discomfort. Turmeric may cause constipation, indigestion, diarrhea, or nausea. Skullcap may cause sedation, cognitive changes, or digestive upset.
Is apple cider vinegar safe to take in supplement form?
Apple cider vinegar is well tolerated in food amounts, but at high doses or long-term use it can cause serious but rare problems like low potassium levels and bone loss. The amount in this product is a consideration—if you're taking it daily long-term, discuss it with your pharmacist.
Can this interact with my blood pressure or heart medication?
Yes. Ginger and apple cider vinegar both interact with blood pressure and heart drugs like nifedipine and digoxin at Moderate severity. Check the medication list below with your exact drugs before starting.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Cannabis

Interacts with 1,136 drugs

Cannabis contains many active compounds, mainly THC (which causes a 'high') and CBD (which does not). Some uses, such as chemotherapy-related nausea, certain seizure disorders, and muscle sp...

Read the full Cannabis monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Apple Cider Vinegar

Interacts with 162 drugs

Apple cider vinegar is a fermented apple product that many people use hoping to help with blood sugar, weight, or digestion. The evidence for most of these uses is limited and mixed, and the...

Read the full Apple Cider Vinegar monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Ginger

Interacts with 1,007 drugs

Ginger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nausea and vomiting, including from motion sickness, pr...

Read the full Ginger monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Turmeric

Interacts with 1,133 drugs

Turmeric is a popular spice whose main active compounds, curcuminoids, are studied mostly for inflammation and joint pain. Some research is promising, but quality is mixed and curcumin is po...

Read the full Turmeric monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Skullcap

Interacts with 248 drugs

American skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally considered relatively safe for short-term us...

Read the full Skullcap monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Collagen Peptides

Collagen peptides are a well-absorbed form of protein that may modestly improve skin elasticity and joint comfort for some people, though evidence is still developing and results vary. They...

Read the full Collagen Peptides monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Multi Collagen Joint + Mobility's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 443 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Collagen Peptides 2 references
  1. Trc T, Bohmová J. Efficacy and tolerance of enzymatic hydrolysed collagen (EHC) vs. glucosamine sulphate (GS) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Int Orthop. 2011;35(3):341-8. PubMed
  2. Evans M, Lewis ED, Zakaria N, Pelipyagina T, Guthrie N. A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study to evaluate the efficacy of a freshwater marine collagen on skin wrinkles and elasticity. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(3):825-834. PubMed

See these in context on the Collagen Peptides monograph →

Apple Cider Vinegar 11 references
  1. Lhotta K, Hofle G, Gasser R, Finkenstedt G. Hypokalemia, hyperreninemia, and osteoporosis in a patient ingesting large amounts of cider vinegar. Nephron 1998;80:242-3. PubMed
  2. Hill LL, Woodruff LH, Foote JC, Barreto-Alcoba M. Esophageal injury by apple cider vinegar tablets and subsequent evaluation of products. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:1141-4. PubMed
  3. Hlebowicz J, Darwiche G, Björgell O, Almér LO. Effect of apple cider vinegar on delayed gastric emptying in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol 2007;7:46. PubMed
  4. Johnston CS, Kim CM, Buller AJ. Vinegar improves insulin sensitivity to a high-carbohydrate meal in subjects with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:281-2. PubMed
  5. Lhotta, K., Hofle, G., Gasser, R., and Finkenstedt, G. Hypokalemia, hyperreninemia and osteoporosis in a patient ingesting large amounts of cider vinegar. Nephron 1998;80(2):242-243. PubMed
  6. Bunick CG, Lott JP, Warren CB, et al. Chemical burn from topical apple cider vinegar. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67(4):e143-4. PubMed
  7. Feldstein S, Afshar M, Krakowski AC. Chemical Burn from Vinegar Following an Internet-based Protocol for Self-removal of Nevi. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015 Jun;8(6):50.
  8. Luu LA, Flowers RH, Kellams AL, et al. Apple cider vinegar soaks [0.5%] as a treatment for atopic dermatitis do not improve skin barrier integrity. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(5):634-639. PubMed
  9. Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Najafgholizadeh A, Clark CCT, Esmaillzadeh A. The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021;21(1):179. PubMed
  10. Feise NK, Johnston CS. Commercial vinegar tablets do not display the same physiological benefits for managing postprandial glucose concentrations as liquid vinegar. J Nutr Metab 2020;2020:9098739. PubMed
  11. Gheflati A, Bashiri R, Ghadiri-Anari A, Reza JZ, Kord MT, Nadjarzadeh A. The effect of apple vinegar consumption on glycemic indices, blood pressure, oxidative stress, and homocysteine in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: A randomized contro

See these in context on the Apple Cider Vinegar monograph →

Ginger 64 references
  1. Fischer-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, Asping U. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:19-24. PubMed
  2. Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000145. PubMed
  3. Vutyavanich T, Kraisarin T, Ruangsri R. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:577-82. DOI
  4. Backon J. Ginger in preventing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a caveat due to its thromboxane synthetase activity and effect on testosterone binding. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;42:163-4. PubMed
  5. Srivastava KC. Effect of onion and ginger consumption on platelet thromboxane production in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989;35:183-5. PubMed
  6. Stewart JJ, Wood MJ, Wood CD, Mims ME. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology 1991;42:111-20. PubMed
  7. Smith C, Crowther C, Willson K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
  8. Portnoi G, Chng LA, Karimi-Tabesh L, et al. Prospective comparative study of the safety and effectiveness of ginger for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1374-7.. PubMed
  9. Wigler I, Grotto I, Caspi D, Yaron M. The effects of Zintona EC (a ginger extract) on symptomatic gonarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003;11:783-9. PubMed
  10. Ghayur MN, Gilani AH. Ginger lowers blood pressure through blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005;45:74-80. PubMed
  11. Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Sawan SM, et al. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as a potential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002;67:475-8. PubMed
  12. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
  13. Akhani SP, Vishwakarma SL, Goyal RK. Anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004;56:101-5.
  14. Kruth P, Brosi E, Fux R, et al. Ginger-associated overanticoagulation by phenprocoumon. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:257-60. PubMed
  15. Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, et al. Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59:425-32. PubMed
  16. Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:849-56. PubMed
  17. Smith C, Crowther C, Wilson K et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
  18. Jiang X, Blair EY, McLachlan AJ. Investigation of the effects of herbal medicines on warfarin response in healthy subjects: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1370-8. PubMed
  19. Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
  20. Ozgoli G, Goli M, Moattar F. Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:129-32. PubMed
  21. Black CD, Herring MP, Hurley DJ, O'Connor PJ. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. J Pain 2010;11:894-903. PubMed
  22. Heitmann K, Nordeng H, Holst L. Safety of ginger use in pregnancy: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012 Jun 17. PubMed
  23. Ryan JL, Heckler CE, Roscoe JA, et al. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces acute chemotherapy-induced nausea: a URCC CCOP study of 576 patients. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20:1479-89. PubMed
  24. Backon J. Ginger as an antiemetic: possible side effects due to its thromboxane synthetase activity. Anaesthesia. 1991;46(8):705-6.. PubMed
  25. Abebe W. Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2002;27:391-401. PubMed
  26. Argento A, Tiraferri E, Marzaloni M. [Oral anticoagulants and medicinal plants. An emerging interaction]. Ann Ital Med Int. 2000;15:139-43.
  27. Young HY, Liao JC, Chang YS, et al. Synergistic effect of ginger and nifedipine on human platelet aggregation: a study in hypertensive patients and normal volunteers. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:545-51. PubMed
  28. Greenway FL, Liu Z, Martin CK, et al. Safety and efficacy of NT, an herbal supplement, in treating human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:1737-41. PubMed
  29. Shalansky S, Lynd L, Richardson K, et al. Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine: a longitudinal analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27:1237-47. PubMed
  30. Lesho EP, Saullo L, Udvari-Nagy S. A 76-year-old woman with erratic anticoagulation. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:651-6. PubMed
  31. Okonta JM, Uboh M, Obonga WO. Herb-Drug Interaction: A Case Study of Effect of Ginger on the Pharmacokinetic of Metronidazole in Rabbit. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (India) 2008;70(230):232. PubMed
  32. Chiang HM, Chao PD, Hsiu SL, et al. Ginger significantly decreased the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine in rats. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:845-55. PubMed
  33. Bhandari U, Kanojia R, Pillai KK. Effect of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale on dyslipidaemia in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;97:227-30. PubMed
  34. Ojewole JA. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) in mice and rats. Phytother Res. 2006;20:764-72.
  35. Al-Amin ZM, Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, et al. Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Br J Nutr. 2006;96:660-6.
  36. Islam MS, Choi H. Comparative effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats. J Med Food. 2008;11:152-9.
  37. Cady RK, Goldstein J, Nett R, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of sublingual feverfew and ginger (LipiGesic M) in the treatment of migraine. Headache 2011;51:1078-86.
  38. Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290.
  39. Sripramote, M. and Lekhyananda, N. A randomized comparison of ginger and vitamin B6 in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. J Med Assoc.Thai. 2003;86(9):846-853.
  40. Lohsiriwat, S., Rukkiat, M., Chaikomin, R., and Leelakusolvong, S. Effect of ginger on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2010;93(3):366-372.
  41. Liu, P. H. and Ho, H. L. Ginger and drug bezoar induced small bowel obstruction. J R.Coll.Surg.Edinb. 1983;28(6):397-398.
  42. Maghbooli M, Golipour F, Moghimi Esfandabadi A, Yousefi M. Comparison between the efficacy of ginger and sumatriptan in the ablative treatment of the common migraine. Phytother Res 2014;28(3):412-5. PubMed
  43. Mahluji S, Attari VE, Mobasseri M, Payahoo L, Ostadrahimi A, Golzari SE. Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on plasma glucose level, HbA1c and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013;64(6):682-6.
  44. Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Talaei B, Jalali BA, Najarzadeh A, Mozayan MR. The effect of ginger powder supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Complement PubMed
  45. Paramdeep G. Efficacy and tolerability of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in patients of osteoarthritis of knee. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013;57(2):177-83.
  46. Rahnama P, Montazeri A, Huseini HF, Kianbakht S, Naseri M. Effect of Zingiber officinale R. rhizomes (ginger) on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo randomized trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012;12:92. PubMed
  47. Viljoen E, Visser J, Koen N, Musekiwa A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting. Nutr J 2014;13:20. PubMed
  48. Bartels EM, Folmer VN, Bliddal H, et al. Efficacy and safety of ginger in osteoarthritis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015;23(1):13-21. PubMed
  49. Choi JS, Han JY, Ahn HK, et al. Assessment of fetal and neonatal outcomes in the offspring of women who had been treated with dried ginger (Zingiberis rhizoma siccus) for a variety of illnesses during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;35(2):125-30.
  50. Marx W, McKavanagh D, McCarthy AL, Bird R, Ried K, Chan A, Isenring L. The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on platelet aggregation: A systematic literature review. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0141119. PubMed
  51. Crichton M, Marshall S, Marx W, McCarthy AL, Isenring E. Efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and chemotherapy-related outcomes: A systematic review update and meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2 PubMed
  52. Martins LB, Rodrigues AMDS, Monteze NM, et al. Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(1):88-95.
  53. Martins LB, Rodrigues AMDS, Rodrigues DF, Dos Santos LC, Teixeira AL, Ferreira AVM. Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) addition in migraine acute treatment. Cephalalgia. 2019;39(1):68-76.
  54. Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on the antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats. Xenobiotica. 2020:1-11.
  55. Okuhira H, Nakatani Y, Furukawa F, Kanazawa N. Anaphylaxis to ginger induced by herbal medicine. Allergol Int. 2020;69(1):159-160. PubMed
  56. Yamprasert R, Chanvimalueng W, Mukkasombut N, Itharat A. Ginger extract versus Loratadine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20(1):116. PubMed
  57. Ebrahimzadeh A, Ebrahimzadeh A, Mirghazanfari SM, Hazrati E, Hadi S, Milajerdi A. The effect of ginger supplementation on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PubMed
  58. Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Alzenaidy B, et al. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021;73(9):1151-60.
  59. Akbarzadeh E, Heydari M, Atarzadeh F, Jaladat AM. Chronic dysuria following ginger (Zingiber officinale) use: a case report. Galen Med J 2018;7:e1086. DOI
  60. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  61. Rostamkhani H, Veisi P, Niknafs B, Jafarabadi MA, Ghoreishi Z. The effect of zingiber officinale on prooxidant-antioxidant balance and glycemic control in diabetic patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis: a double-blind randomized control trial. BMC Co PubMed
  62. Husain I, Dale OR, Idrisi M, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction (HDI) Potential of Zingiber officinale and Its Major Phytoconstituents. J Agric Food Chem. 2023;71(19):7521-7534.
  63. Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea And Vomiting Of Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(1):e15-e30. PubMed
  64. Pochet S, Lechon AS, Lescrainier C, et al. Herb-anticancer drug interactions in real life based on VigiBase, the WHO global database. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):14178. PubMed

See these in context on the Ginger monograph →

Turmeric 102 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Sharma RA, McLelland HR, Hill KA, et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of oral Curcuma extract in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:1894-900..
  3. Shah BH, Nawaz Z, Pertani SA. Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 1 PubMed
  4. Hata M, Sasaki E, Ota M, et al . Allergic contact dermatitis from curcumin (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:107-8. PubMed
  5. Kuttan R, Sudheeran PC, Josph CD. Turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy. Tumori 1987;73:29-31.. PubMed
  6. Thapliyal R, Deshpande SS, Maru GB. Mechanism(s) of turmeric-mediated protective effects against benzo(a)pyrene-derived DNA adducts. Cancer Lett 2002;175:79-88. PubMed
  7. Lee SW, Nah SS, Byon JS, et al. Transient complete atrioventricular block associated with curcumin intake. Int J Cardiol 2011;150:e50-2. PubMed
  8. Kuptniratsaikul V, Thanakhumtorn S, Chinswangwatanakul P, et al. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:891-7.
  9. Carroll RE, Benya RV, Turgeon DK, et al. Phase IIa clinical trial of curcumin for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011;4:354-64. PubMed
  10. Junyaprasert, V. B., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Thongpraditchote, S., Murakami, T., and Takano, M. Inhibitory effect of Thai plant extracts on P-glycoprotein mediated efflux. Phytother.Res 2006;20(1):79-81. PubMed
  11. Ampasavate, C., Sotanaphun, U., Phattanawasin, P., and Piyapolrungroj, N. Effects of Curcuma spp. on P-glycoprotein function. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(7):506-512. PubMed
  12. Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Tanaka, K., Tougou, K., Qiu, F., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Curcuma drugs and curcumin regulate the expression and function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells in completely opposite ways. Int.J Pharm 6-24-2008;358(1-2):224-2 PubMed
  13. Choi, B. H., Kim, C. G., Lim, Y., Shin, S. Y., and Lee, Y. H. Curcumin down-regulates the multidrug-resistance mdr1b gene by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF kappa B pathway. Cancer Lett. 1-18-2008;259(1):111-118.
  14. Zhang, W., Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. Impact of curcumin-induced changes in P-glycoprotein and CYP3A expression on the pharmacokinetics of peroral celiprolol and midazolam in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007;35(1):110-115. PubMed
  15. Limtrakul, P., Chearwae, W., Shukla, S., Phisalphong, C., and Ambudkar, S. V. Modulation of function of three ABC drug transporters, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), mitoxantrone resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1) by tetrahydrocu
  16. Holland, M. L., Panetta, J. A., Hoskins, J. M., Bebawy, M., Roufogalis, B. D., Allen, J. D., and Arnold, J. C. The effects of cannabinoids on P-glycoprotein transport and expression in multidrug resistant cells. Biochem.Pharmacol 4-14-2006;71(8):1146-1154 PubMed
  17. Tang, X. Q., Bi, H., Feng, J. Q., and Cao, J. G. Effect of curcumin on multidrug resistance in resistant human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901/VCR. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005;26(8):1009-1016. PubMed
  18. Nabekura, T., Kamiyama, S., and Kitagawa, S. Effects of dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals on P-glycoprotein function. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 2-18-2005;327(3):866-870. PubMed
  19. Romiti, N., Tongiani, R., Cervelli, F., and Chieli, E. Effects of curcumin on P-glycoprotein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Life Sci. 1998;62(25):2349-2358. PubMed
  20. Yue, G. G., Cheng, S. W., Yu, H., Xu, Z. S., Lee, J. K., Hon, P. M., Lee, M. Y., Kennelly, E. J., Deng, G., Yeung, S. K., Cassileth, B. R., Fung, K. P., Leung, P. C., and Lau, C. B. The role of turmerones on curcumin transportation and P-glycoprotein acti
  21. Shenouda, N. S., Zhou, C., Browning, J. D., Ansell, P. J., Sakla, M. S., Lubahn, D. B., and MacDonald, R. S. Phytoestrogens in common herbs regulate prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. Nutr.Cancer 2004;49(2):200-208. PubMed
  22. Appiah-Opong, R., Commandeur, J. N., Vugt-Lussenburg, B., and Vermeulen, N. P. Inhibition of human recombinant cytochrome P450s by curcumin and curcumin decomposition products. Toxicology 6-3-2007;235(1-2):83-91. PubMed
  23. Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Kinoshita, N., Qiu, F., Tanaka, K., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Possible inhibitory mechanism of Curcuma drugs on CYP3A4 in 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated Caco-2 cells. Int.J Pharm 6-7-2007;337(1-2):169-177.
  24. Valentine, S. P., Le Nedelec, M. J., Menzies, A. R., Scandlyn, M. J., Goodin, M. G., and Rosengren, R. J. Curcumin modulates drug metabolizing enzymes in the female Swiss Webster mouse. Life Sci. 4-11-2006;78(20):2391-2398. PubMed
  25. Price, R. J., Scott, M. P., Giddings, A. M., Walters, D. G., Stierum, R. H., Meredith, C., and Lake, B. G. Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, propyl gallate and thiabendazole on cytochrome P450 forms in cultured human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2 PubMed
  26. Ganta, S., Devalapally, H., and Amiji, M. Curcumin enhances oral bioavailability and anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel upon administration in nanoemulsion formulation. J Pharm Sci 2010;99(11):4630-4641. PubMed
  27. Lamb, S. R. and Wilkinson, S. M. Contact allergy to tetrahydrocurcumin. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48(4):227. PubMed
  28. Joshi, J., Ghaisas, S., Vaidya, A., Vaidya, R., Kamat, D. V., Bhagwat, A. N., and Bhide, S. Early human safety study of turmeric oil (Curcuma longa oil) administered orally in healthy volunteers. J Assoc.Physicians India 2003;51:1055-1060.
  29. Mahesh, T., Balasubashini, M. S., and Menon, V. P. Effect of photo-irradiated curcumin treatment against oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Med.Food 2005;8(2):251-255. PubMed
  30. Thompson, D. A. and Tan, B. B. Tetrahydracurcumin-related allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55(4):254-255. PubMed
  31. Patumraj, S., Wongeakin, N., Sridulyakul, P., Jariyapongskul, A., Futrakul, N., and Bunnag, S. Combined effects of curcumin and vitamin C to protect endothelial dysfunction in the iris tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Clin Hemorheol.Microcirc. 2006;3
  32. Liddle, M., Hull, C., Liu, C., and Powell, D. Contact urticaria from curcumin. Dermatitis 2006;17(4):196-197. PubMed
  33. Juan, H., Terhaag, B., Cong, Z., Bi-Kui, Z., Rong-Hua, Z., Feng, W., Fen-Li, S., Juan, S., Jing, T., and Wen-Xing, P. Unexpected effect of concomitantly administered curcumin on the pharmacokinetics of talinolol in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur.J Clin PubMed
  34. Murugan, P. and Pari, L. Influence of tetrahydrocurcumin on erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes and antioxidant status in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 9-25-2007;113(3):479-486. PubMed
  35. Seo, K. I., Choi, M. S., Jung, U. J., Kim, H. J., Yeo, J., Jeon, S. M., and Lee, M. K. Effect of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glucose homeostasis related enzyme activities in diabetic db/db mice. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2008;5
  36. Weisberg, S. P., Leibel, R., and Tortoriello, D. V. Dietary curcumin significantly improves obesity-associated inflammation and diabetes in mouse models of diabesity. Endocrinology 2008;149(7):3549-3558. PubMed
  37. Jain, S. K., Rains, J., Croad, J., Larson, B., and Jones, K. Curcumin supplementation lowers TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion in high glucose-treated cultured monocytes and blood levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1, glucose, and glycosylated hemog
  38. Yu, Y., Hu, S. K., and Yan, H. [The study of insulin resistance and leptin resistance on the model of simplicity obesity rats by curcumin]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2008;42(11):818-822.
  39. Pavithra, B. H., Prakash, N., and Jayakumar, K. Modification of pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin following oral administration of curcumin in rabbits. J Vet.Sci. 2009;10(4):293-297. PubMed
  40. Yan, Y. D., Kim, D. H., Sung, J. H., Yong, C. S., and Choi, H. G. Enhanced oral bioavailability of docetaxel in rats by four consecutive days of pre-treatment with curcumin. Int J Pharm 10-31-2010;399(1-2):116-120. PubMed
  41. Epelbaum, R., Schaffer, M., Vizel, B., Badmaev, V., and Bar-Sela, G. Curcumin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Nutr Cancer 2010;62(8):1137-1141. PubMed
  42. Madkor, H. R., Mansour, S. W., and Ramadan, G. Modulatory effects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats. Br J Nutr 2011;105(8):1210-1217. PubMed
  43. Pungcharoenkul, K. and Thongnopnua, P. Effect of different curcuminoid supplement dosages on total in vivo antioxidant capacity and cholesterol levels of healthy human subjects. Phytother Res 2011;25(11):1721-1726.
  44. Kusuhara, H., Furuie, H., Inano, A., Sunagawa, A., Yamada, S., Wu, C., Fukizawa, S., Morimoto, N., Ieiri, I., Morishita, M., Sumita, K., Mayahara, H., Fujita, T., Maeda, K., and Sugiyama, Y. Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy
  45. Mohammadi, A., Sahebkar, A., Iranshahi, M., Amini, M., Khojasteh, R., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., and Ferns, G. A. Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial. Phytother Res 2013;27(3):374-379. PubMed
  46. Chuengsamarn, S., Rattanamongkolgul, S., Luechapudiporn, R., Phisalaphong, C., and Jirawatnotai, S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35(11):2121-2127. PubMed
  47. Goh, C. L. and Ng, S. K. Allergic contact dermatitis to Curcuma longa (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1987;17(3):186. PubMed
  48. Srivastava, R., Puri, V., Srimal, R. C., and Dhawan, B. N. Effect of curcumin on platelet aggregation and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1986;36(4):715-717.
  49. Srinivasan, M. Effect of curcumin on blood sugar as seen in a diabetic subject. Indian J Med Sci 1972;26(4):269-270.
  50. Srivastava, K. C., Bordia, A., and Verma, S. K. Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1995;52(4):223-227 PubMed
  51. Oetari, S., Sudibyo, M., Commandeur, J. N., Samhoedi, R., and Vermeulen, N. P. Effects of curcumin on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1-12-1996;51(1):39-45. PubMed
  52. Kiec-Swierczynska, M. and Krecisz, B. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis due to curcumin food colour in a pasta factory worker. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39(1):30-31. PubMed
  53. Van Dau N, Ngoc Ham N, Huy Khac D, and et al. The effects of a traditional drug, tumeric (Curcuma longa), and placebo on the healing of duodenal ulcer. Phytomed 1998;5(1):29-34.
  54. Daveluy A, Géniaux H, Thibaud L, Mallaret M, Miremont-Salamé G, Haramburu F. Probable interaction between an oral vitamin K antagonist and turmeric (Curcuma longa). Therapie. 2014 Nov-Dec;69(6):519-20. PubMed
  55. Kuptniratsaikul V, Dajpratham P, Taechaarpornkul W, Buntragulpoontawee M, Lukkanapichonchut P, Chootip C, Saengsuwan J, Tantayakom K, Laongpech S. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthrit
  56. Madhu K, Chanda K, Saji MJ. Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2013;21(2):129-36. PubMed
  57. Mali AM, Behal R, Gilda SS. Comparative evaluation of 0.1% turmeric mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate in prevention of plaque and gingivitis: A clinical and microbiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012;16(3):386-91. PubMed
  58. Sanmukhani J, Satodia V, Trivedi J, Patel T, Tiwari D, Panchal B, Goel A, Tripathi CB. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2014;28(4):579-85. PubMed
  59. Nayeri A, Wu S, Adams E, et al. Acute Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity Secondary to Turmeric Intake: A Case Report. Transplant Proc. 2017;49(1):198-200. PubMed
  60. Mitchell TM. Correspondence re: Somasundaram et al., Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2003;63(16):5165-6; author reply 5166-7.
  61. Somasundaram S, Edmund NA, Moore DT, Small GW, Shi YY, Orlowski RZ. Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2002;62(13):3868-75.
  62. Haroyan A, Mukuchyan V, Mkrtchyan N, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):7. PubMed
  63. Al-Karawi D, Al Mamoori DA, Tayyar Y. The role of curcumin administration in patients with major depressive disorder: Mini meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2016;30(2):175-83. PubMed
  64. Neerati P, Devde R, Gangi AK. Evaluation of the effect of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Phytother Res. 2014;28(12):1796-800. PubMed
  65. Simental-Mendía LE, Pirro M, Gotto AM Jr, et al. Lipid-modifying activity of curcuminoids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017:1-10. PubMed
  66. Fung FY, Wong WH, Ang SK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study on the anti-haemostatic effects of Curcuma longa, Angelica sinensis and Panax ginseng. Phytomedicine. 2017;32:88-96. PubMed
  67. Small GW, Siddarth P, Li Z, et al. Memory and brain amyloid and tau effects of a bioavailable form of curcumin in non-demented adults: A double-blind, placebo-controlled 18-month trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;26(3):266-277.
  68. Cruz-Correa M, Hylind LM, Marrero JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in treatment of intestinal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology. 2018 May 23. Pii:S0016-5085(18)34564-5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
  69. Rahmani S, Asgary S, Askari G, et al. Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with curcumin: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2016 Sep;30(9):1540-8. PubMed
  70. Lopez-Villafuerte L, CLores KH. Contact dermatitis caused by turmeric in a massage oil. Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Jul;75(1):52-3. PubMed
  71. Lukefahr AL, McEvoy S, Alfafara C, Funk JL. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis associated with turmeric dietary supplement use. BMJ Case Rep. 2018. pii: bcr-2018-224611. PubMed
  72. Medsafe Safety Communication- Turmeric/Curcumin Interaction with Warfarin. April 30, 2018. Accessed at: https://medsafe.govt.nz/safety/EWS/2018/Turmeric.asp.
  73. Imam Z, Khasawneh M, Jomaa D, Iftikhar H, Sayedahmad Z. Drug induced liver injury attributed to a curcumin supplement. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019 Oct 20;2019:6029403. doi: 10.1155/2019/6029403. PubMed
  74. Chand S, Hair C, Beswick L. A rare case of turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity. Intern Med J. 2020;50(2):258-259. PubMed
  75. Jiang N, Zhang M, Meng X, Sun B. Effects of Curcumin on the Pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine in Rats and Its Potential Mechanism. Pharm Biol. 2020;58(1):465-468. PubMed
  76. Lee BS, Bhatia T, Chaya CT, Wen R, Taira MT, Lim BS. Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated With Turmeric Consumption. ACG Case Rep J. 2020;7(3):e00320. PubMed
  77. Lombardi N, Crescioli G, Maggini V, et al. Acute liver injury following turmeric use in Tuscany: an analysis of the Italian Phytovigilance database and systematic review of case reports. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020. PubMed
  78. Suhail FK, Masood U, Sharma A, John S, Dhamoon A. Turmeric supplement induced hepatotoxicity: a rare complication of a poorly regulated substance. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020;58(3):216-217. PubMed
  79. Nakagawa Y, Mukai S, Yamada S, et al. The efficacy and safety of highly-bioavailable curcumin for treating knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month open-labeled prospective study. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;13:1179544120948471. PubMed
  80. Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z, Reiner Z, Soleimani A, Aghadavod E, Bahmani F. The effects of nano-curcumin on metabolic status in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2020;14(4):290-9.
  81. Allegri P, Rosa R, Masala A, et al. Clinical effectiveness of a new oral curcumin formulation in acute non-infectious uveitic macular edema: a 12-month observational study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022;26(1):46-53.
  82. Tsai IC, Hsu CW, Chang CH, Tseng PT, Chang KV. The effect of curcumin differs on individual cognitive domains across different patient populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021;14(12):1235. PubMed
  83. Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Herb-drug interaction: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-hypertensive drug amlodipine besylate in presence of lepidium sativum and curcuma longa. Xenobiotica 2022;1-9.
  84. Sohal A, Alhankawi D, Sandhu S, Chintanaboina J. Turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity: Report of 2 cases. Int Med Case Rep J 2021;14:849-852. PubMed
  85. Hussaarts KGAM, Hurkmans DP, Oomen-de Hoop E, et al. Impact of curcumin (with or without piperine) on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(3):403. PubMed
  86. Kalluru H, Mallayasamy SR, Kondaveeti SS, Chandrasekhar V, Kalachaveedu M. Effect of turmeric supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in breast cancer patients: A study with population pharmacokinetics approach. Phytother Res 2022;36(4):1761 PubMed
  87. 109288 Halegoua-DeMarzio D, Navarro V, Ahmad J, et al. Liver injury associated with turmeric-A growing problem: Ten cases from the drug-induced liver injury network [DILIN]. Am J Med. 2022:S0002-9343(22)00740-9. PubMed
  88. Arzallus T, Izagirre A, Castiella A, Torrente S, Garmendia M, Zapata EM. Drug induced autoimmune hepatitis after turmeric intake. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023. PubMed
  89. Gilad O, Rosner G, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, et al. Efficacy of wholistic turmeric supplement on adenomatous polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis-A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Genes (Basel) 2022;13(12):2182. PubMed
  90. Ahad A, Raish M, Abdelrahman IA, et al. Changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losartan in experimental diseased rats treated with Curcuma longa and Lepidium sativum. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022;16(1):33. PubMed
  91. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  92. Pochet S, Lechon AS, Lescrainier C, et al. Herb-anticancer drug interactions in real life based on VigiBase, the WHO global database. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):14178. PubMed
  93. Kou H, Huang L, Jin M, He Q, Zhang R, Ma J. Effect of curcumin on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023;14:1121655. PubMed
  94. Qiu L, Gao C, Wang H, et al. Effects of dietary polyphenol curcumin supplementation on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front PubMed
  95. Sato T, Yagi A, Yamauchi M, et al. The use of an antioxidant enables accurate evaluation of the interaction of curcumin on organic anion-transporting polypeptides 4C1 by preventing auto-oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(2):991. PubMed
  96. Washington O, Robinson E, Simh D, et al. Oxalate nephropathy and chronic turmeric supplementation: a case report. J Bras Nefrol 2024;46(1):99-106. PubMed
  97. Munshi R, Karande-Patil S, Kumbhar D, Deshmukh A, Hingorani L. A randomized, controlled, comparative, proof-of-concept study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nisha-Amalaki capsules in prediabetic patients for preventing progression to diabetes. J Ay PubMed
  98. Sharifi Razavi A, Mohajerani F, Niksolat F, Karimi N. Efficacy of topical curcumin on mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pain Med 2024;25(5):327-333. PubMed
  99. Yaikwawong M, Jansarikit L, Jirawatnotai S, Chuengsamarn S. Curcumin Reduces Depression in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024;16(15):2414. PubMed
  100. Tehrani SD, Hosseini A, Shahzamani M, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of curcumin and piperine co-supplementation on inflammatory factors, cardiac biomarkers, atrial fibrillation, and clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cl PubMed
  101. Yaikwawong M, Jansarikit L, Jirawatnotai S, Chuengsamarn S. The Effect of Curcumin on Reducing Atherogenic Risks in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024;16(15):2441. PubMed
  102. Dibaei M, Hosseini A, Lavasani H, Kiani-Dehkordi B, Rouini M. Assessment of metabolic interaction between curcumin and tramadol using the isolated perfused rat liver. Heliyon 2024;10(15):e35070. PubMed

See these in context on the Turmeric monograph →

Cannabis 261 references
  1. Robbers JE, Speedie MK, Tyler VE. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Johnson MA, Robin P, Smith RP, Morrisona D, et al. Large lung bullae in marijuana smokers. Thorax 2000;55:340-2.. PubMed
  4. Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
  5. Tyrey L. Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: a potent inhibitor of episodic luteinizing hormone secretion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980;213:306-8. DOI
  6. Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
  7. Solowij N, Stephens RS, Roffman RA, et al. Cognitive functioning of long-term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment. JAMA 2002;287:1123-31.. PubMed
  8. Marinol Prescribing Information. Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Rev March 2008. Available at: http://www.solvaypharmaceuticals-us.com/static/wma/pdf/1/3/2/5/0/004InsertText500012RevMar2008.pdf (Accessed 2 July 2009).
  9. Yamreudeewong W, Wong HK, Brausch LM, Pulley KR. Probable interaction between warfarin and marijuana smoking. Ann Pharmacother 2009;43:1347-53. PubMed
  10. Ware MA, Wang T, Shapiro S, et al. Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2010;182:e694-e701. PubMed
  11. Pellinen, P., Honkakoski, P., Stenback, F., Niemitz, M., Alhava, E., Pelkonen, O., Lang, M. A., and Pasanen, M. Cocaine N-demethylation and the metabolism-related hepatotoxicity can be prevented by cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors. Eur.J Pharmacol 1-3-1994;2 PubMed
  12. Johnson, E. M. Substance abuse and women's health. Public Health Rep. 1987;102(4 Suppl):42-48.
  13. Astley, S. J. and Little, R. E. Maternal marijuana use during lactation and infant development at one year. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 1990;12(2):161-168. PubMed
  14. Levy, R., Schurr, A., Nathan, I., Dvilanski, A., and Livne, A. Impairment of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by hashish components. Thromb.Haemost. 12-31-1976;36(3):634-640. DOI
  15. Payne, R. J. and Brand, S. N. The toxicity of intravenously used marihuana. JAMA 7-28-1975;233(4):351-354. DOI
  16. Sheweita, S. A. Narcotic drugs change the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 and 2C6 and other activities of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in the liver of male mice. Toxicology 9-30-2003;191(2-3):133-142. PubMed
  17. Rog, D. J., Nurmikko, T. J., Friede, T., and Young, C. A. Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 9-27-2005;65(6):812-819. PubMed
  18. Perras, C. Sativex for the management of multiple sclerosis symptoms. Issues Emerg.Health Technol. 2005;(72):1-4.
  19. Zhu, H. J., Wang, J. S., Markowitz, J. S., Donovan, J. L., Gibson, B. B., Gefroh, H. A., and Devane, C. L. Characterization of P-glycoprotein inhibition by major cannabinoids from marijuana. J Pharmacol Exp.Ther. 2006;317(2):850-857. PubMed
  20. Holland, M. L., Panetta, J. A., Hoskins, J. M., Bebawy, M., Roufogalis, B. D., Allen, J. D., and Arnold, J. C. The effects of cannabinoids on P-glycoprotein transport and expression in multidrug resistant cells. Biochem.Pharmacol 4-14-2006;71(8):1146-115 PubMed
  21. Tetrault, J. M., Crothers, K., Moore, B. A., Mehra, R., Concato, J., and Fiellin, D. A. Effects of marijuana smoking on pulmonary function and respiratory complications: a systematic review. Arch.Intern.Med. 2-12-2007;167(3):221-228. PubMed
  22. Moore, T. H., Zammit, S., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T. R., Jones, P. B., Burke, M., and Lewis, G. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 7-28-2007;370(9584):319-328. PubMed
  23. Aldington, S., Williams, M., Nowitz, M., Weatherall, M., Pritchard, A., McNaughton, A., Robinson, G., and Beasley, R. Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms. Thorax 2007;62(12):1058-1063. PubMed
  24. Ben Amar, M. and Potvin, S. Cannabis and psychosis: what is the link? J Psychoactive Drugs 2007;39(2):131-142. PubMed
  25. Vidal, C., Fuente, R., Iglesias, A., and Saez, A. Bronchial asthma due to Cannabis sativa seed. Allergy 1991;46(8):647-649.
  26. Beshay, M., Kaiser, H., Niedhart, D., Reymond, M. A., and Schmid, R. A. Emphysema and secondary pneumothorax in young adults smoking cannabis. Eur.J Cardiothorac.Surg. 2007;32(6):834-838. PubMed
  27. Rog, D. J., Nurmikko, T. J., and Young, C. A. Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial. Clin Ther. 2007;29(9):2068-2079.
  28. Aldington, S., Harwood, M., Cox, B., Weatherall, M., Beckert, L., Hansell, A., Pritchard, A., Robinson, G., and Beasley, R. Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study. Eur.Respir.J 2008;31(2):280-286. PubMed
  29. Noel, B., Ruf, I., and Panizzon, R. G. Cannabis arteritis. J Am.Acad.Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 1):S65-S67.
  30. Cappelli, F., Lazzeri, C., Gensini, G. F., and Valente, S. Cannabis: a trigger for acute myocardial infarction? A case report. J Cardiovasc.Med.(Hagerstown.) 2008;9(7):725-728. PubMed
  31. Indlekofer, F., Piechatzek, M., Daamen, M., Glasmacher, C., Lieb, R., Pfister, H., Tucha, O., Lange, K. W., Wittchen, H. U., and Schutz, C. G. Reduced memory and attention performance in a population-based sample of young adults with a moderate lifetime
  32. Mushtaq, F., Mondelli, V., and Pariante, C. M. The metabolic implications of long term cannabis use in patients with psychosis. Epidemiol.Psichiatr.Soc. 2008;17(3):221-226. PubMed
  33. Zammit, S., Moore, T. H., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T. R., Jones, P. B., Burke, M., and Lewis, G. Effects of cannabis use on outcomes of psychotic disorders: systematic review. Br.J Psychiatry 2008;193(5):357-363. PubMed
  34. Tucker, P. Substance misuse and early psychosis. Australas.Psychiatry 2009;17(4):291-294. PubMed
  35. Reece, A. S. Chronic toxicology of cannabis. Clin Toxicol.(Phila) 2009;47(6):517-524. PubMed
  36. Grotenhermen, F. Cannabis-associated arteritis. Vasa 2010;39(1):43-53. PubMed
  37. McGrath, J., Welham, J., Scott, J., Varghese, D., Degenhardt, L., Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Alati, R., Williams, G. M., Bor, W., and Najman, J. M. Association between cannabis use and psychosis-related outcomes using sibling pair analysis in a cohort of young
  38. Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators. Evidence that familial liability for psychosis is expressed as differential sensitivity to cannabis: an analysis of patient-sibling and sibling-control pairs. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 2011;68(2):138 PubMed
  39. Le Guen, P. Y., Gestin, S., Plat, E., Quehe, P., and Bressollette, L. [Renal and spleen infarction after massive consumption of cannabis and cocaine in a young man]. J.Mal Vasc. 2011;36(1):41-44.
  40. Large, M., Sharma, S., Compton, M. T., Slade, T., and Nielssen, O. Cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis: a systematic meta-analysis. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 2011;68(6):555-561. PubMed
  41. Lynch, M. E. and Campbell, F. Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2011;72(5):735-744. PubMed
  42. Li, M. C., Brady, J. E., DiMaggio, C. J., Lusardi, A. R., Tzong, K. Y., and Li, G. Marijuana use and motor vehicle crashes. Epidemiol.Rev. 2012;34(1):65-72. PubMed
  43. Richards, B. L., Whittle, S. L., and Buchbinder, R. Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;1:CD008921. PubMed
  44. Asbridge, M., Hayden, J. A., and Cartwright, J. L. Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;344:e536. PubMed
  45. Fajardo, L. L. Association of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with substance abuse. West J Med 1990;152(3):301-304.
  46. Formukong, E. A., Evans, A. T., and Evans, F. J. The inhibitory effects of cannabinoids, the active constituents of Cannabis sativa L. on human and rabbit platelet aggregation. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1989;41(10):705-709.
  47. Hollister, L. E. Interactions of cannabis with other drugs in man. NIDA Res.Monogr 1986;68:110-116. DOI
  48. Harvey DJ. Absorption, distribution, and biotransformation of the cannabinoids. Marijuana and Medicine. 1999;91-103. DOI
  49. Bornheim LM, Everhart ET, Li J, Correia MA. Characterization of cannabidiol-mediated cytochrome P450 inactivation. Biochem Pharmacol 1993;45(6):1323-31. PubMed
  50. Mittleman MA, Lewis RA, Maclure M, Sherwood JB, Muller JE. Triggering myocardial infarction by marijuana. Circulation. 2001;103(23):2805-9. PubMed
  51. Combemale P, Consort T, Denis-Thelis L, et al. Cannabis arteritis. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152(1):166-9.
  52. Gibbs M, Winsper C, Marwaha S, et al. Cannabis use and mania symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2015;171:39-47. PubMed
  53. Hackam DG. Cannabis and stroke: systematic appraisal of case reports. Stroke. 2015;46(3):852-6.
  54. Hancock-Allen JB, Barker L, VanDyke M, Holmes DB. Notes from the Field: Death Following Ingestion of an Edible Marijuana Product--Colorado, March 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(28):771-2. PubMed
  55. Ince B, Benbir G, Yuksel O, et al. Both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke following high doses of cannabis consumption. Presse Med. 2015;44(1):106-7. PubMed
  56. Lev-Ran S, Roerecke M, Le Foll B, et al. The association between cannabis use and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol Med. 2014;44(4):797-810. PubMed
  57. Ozyurt S, Muderrisoglu F, Ermete M, Afsar F. Cannabis-induced erythema multiforme-like recurrent drug eruption. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53(1):e22-3. PubMed
  58. Jouanjus E, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Micallef J; French Association of the Regional Abuse and Dependence Monitoring Centres (CEIP-A) Working Group on Cannabis Complications. Cannabis use: signal of increasing risk of serious cardiovascular disorders. J Am Heart PubMed
  59. Westover AN, McBride S, Haley RW. Stroke in young adults who abuse amphetamines or cocaine: a population-based study of hospitalized patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Apr;64(4):495-502. PubMed
  60. Barber PA, Pridmore HM, Krishnamurthy V, et al. Cannabis, ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attack: a case-control study. Stroke. 2013 Aug;44(8):2327-9. PubMed
  61. Clark SC, Greene C, Karr GW, MacCannell KL, Milstein SL. Cardiovascular effects of marihuana in man. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1974 Jun;52(3):706-19. PubMed
  62. Beaconsfield P, Ginsburg J, Rainsbury R. Marihuana smoking. Cardiovascular effects in man and possible mechanisms. N Engl J Med. 1972 Aug 3;287(5):209-12.
  63. Clark SC. Marihuana and the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior. 1975;3(2):299-306. PubMed
  64. Sidney S. Cardiovascular Consequences of Marijuana Use. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(11 Suppl):64S-70S. PubMed
  65. Greenberg I, Kuehnle J, Mendelson JH, Bernstein JG. Effects of Marihuana use on body weight and caloric intake in humans. Psychopharmacol. 1976;49:79-84. PubMed
  66. Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Marijuana and body weight. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2014;11(7-8):50-4.
  67. Reece AS. Severe multisystem dysfunction in a case of high level exposure to smoked cannabis. BMJ Case Rep. 2009;2009. pii: bcr08.2008.0798. PubMed
  68. Huson HB, Granados TM, Rasko Y. Surgical considerations of marijuana use in elective procedures. Heliyon. 2018;4(9):e00779. PubMed
  69. Goyal H, Awad HH, Ghali JK. Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(7):2079-2092. PubMed
  70. Wilsey B, Marcotte TD, Deutsch R, Zhao H, Prasad H, Phan A. An exploratory human laboratory experiment evaluating vaporized cannabis in the treatment of neuropathic pain from spinal cord injury and disease. J Pain. 2016;17(9):982-1000. PubMed
  71. Gunn JK, Rosales CB, Center KE, et al. Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e009986. PubMed
  72. Marconi A, Di Forti M, Lewis CM, Murray RM, Vassos E. Meta-analysis of the association between the level of cannabis use and risk of psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(5):1262-9. PubMed
  73. Schoeler T, Monk A, Sami MB, et al. Continued versus discontinued cannabis use in patients with psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(3):215-25. PubMed
  74. Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015;313(24):2456-73. PubMed
  75. Kedzior KK, Laeber LT. A positive association between anxiety disorders and cannabis use or cannabis use disorders in the general population--a meta-analysis of 31 studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14:136. PubMed
  76. Ocampo TL, Rans TS. Cannabis sativa: the unconventional "weed" allergen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;114(3):187-92. PubMed
  77. Shere A, Goyal H. Cannabis can augment thrombolytic properties of rtPA: Intracranial hemorrhage in a heavy cannabis user. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(12):1988.e1-1988.e2. PubMed
  78. Atchaneeyasakul K, Torres LF, Malik AM. Large amount of cannabis ingestion resulting in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A case report. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(7):e138-e139. PubMed
  79. Lotan I, Treves TA, Roditi Y, Djaldetti R. Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2014;37(2):41-4. PubMed
  80. Duran M, Pérez E, Abanades S, et al. Preliminary efficacy and safety of an oromucosal standardized cannabis extract in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;70(5):656-63. PubMed
  81. Gaston TE, Bebin EM, Cutter GR, Liu Y, Szaflarski JP; UAB CBD Program. Interactions between cannabidiol and commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2017 Sep;58(9):1586-92. PubMed
  82. Devinsky O, Marsh E, Friedman D, et la. Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Mar;15(3):270-8.
  83. Geffrey AL, Pollack SF, Bruno PL, Thiele EA. Drug-drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2015 Aug;56(8):1246-51. PubMed
  84. Akturk HK, Taylor DD, Camsari UM, Rewers A, Kinney GL, Shah VN. Association Between Cannabis Use and Risk for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. JAMA Intern Med. 2018. PubMed
  85. Bahorik AL, Sterling SA, Campbell CI, Weisner C, Ramo D, Satre DD. Medical and non-medical marijuana use in depression: Longitudinal associations with suicidal ideation, everyday functioning, and psychiatry service utilization. J Affect Disord. 2018;241:8 PubMed
  86. Bonnet U, Preuss UW. The cannabis withdrawal syndrome: current insights. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2017;8:9-37. PubMed
  87. Cadman PE. Hypophosphatemia in Users of Cannabis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;69(1):152-155. PubMed
  88. Damkier P, Lassen D, Christensen MMH, Madsen KG, Hellfritzsch M, Pottegård A. Interaction between warfarin and cannabis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;124(1):28-31. PubMed
  89. Fogang YF, Camara M, Mbonda PC, Toffa D, Touré K. Late onset epilepsy associated with marijuana abuse: a case report with MRI findings. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;17:158. PubMed
  90. Ghasemiesfe M, Ravi D, Vali M, et al. Marijuana Use, Respiratory Symptoms, and Pulmonary Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(2):106-115. PubMed
  91. Howaizi M, Chahine M, Haydar F, Jemaa Y, Lapoile E. Cannabis-induced recurrent acute pancreatitis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2012;75(4):446-7.
  92. Lawn W, Freeman TP, Pope RA, et al. Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis 'amotivational' hypotheses. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016;233(19-20):3537-52. PubMed
  93. Matta A, Tandra PK, Berim L. Priapism in a patient with sickle cell trait using marijuana. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014. PubMed
  94. Nourbakhsh M, Miller A, Gofton J, Jones G, Adeagbo B. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Reports of Fatal Cases. J Forensic Sci. 2019;64(1):270-274. PubMed
  95. Toce MS, Farias M, Powell AJ, Daly KP, Vargas SO, Burns MM. Myocardial Infarct After Marijuana Inhalation in a 16-year-old Adolescent Boy. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2019;22(1):80-86. PubMed
  96. Zhang LR, Morgenstern H, Greenland S, et al. Cannabis smoking and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(4):894-903.
  97. Product information for Marinol. AbbVie. North Chicago, IL 60064. August 2017. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/018651s029lbl.pdf.
  98. Hogendorf AM, Fendler W, Sieroslawski J, et al. Breaking the Taboo: Illicit Drug Use among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:4153278. Epub 2015 Dec 29. PubMed
  99. Lee P, Greenfield JR, Gilbert K, Campbell LV. Recreational drug use in type 1 diabetes: an invisible accomplice to poor glycaemic control? Intern Med J. 2012 Feb;42(2):198-202. PubMed
  100. Winhusen T, Theobald J, Kaelber D, Tlimat A, Lewis D. Using big data to evaluate the association between substance use disorders (SUDS) and T2DM-complications. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2018;33(2):S382. Abstract Only.
  101. Thurheimer-Cacciotti JL, Sereika SM, Schmitt P, et al. The effect of risk-taking behaviors on hemoglobin A1c in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2017;66:A226. Abstract Only.
  102. van de Donk T, Niesters M, Kowal MA, Olofsen E, Dahan A, van Velzen M. An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia. Pain. 2019 Apr;160(4):860-869. PubMed
  103. Chocron Y, Zuber JP, Vaucher J. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. BMJ. 2019 Jul 19;366:l4336. PubMed
  104. Kheifets M, Karniel E, Landa D, Vons SA, Meridor K, Charach G. Resolution of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome with Benzodiazepines: A Case Series. Isr Med Assoc J. 2019 Jun;21(6):404-407.
  105. Corsi DJ, Walsh L, Weiss D, et al. Association Between Self-reported Prenatal Cannabis Use and Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes. JAMA. 2019 Jul 9;322(2):145-152. PubMed
  106. Di Forti M, Quattrone D, Freeman TP, et al. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 May;6(5):427-436.
  107. Ogeil RP, Cheetham A, Mooney A, et al. Early adolescent drinking and cannabis use predicts later sleep-quality problems. Psychol Addict Behav. 2019 May;33(3):266-273. PubMed
  108. Ghasemiesfe M, Barrow B, Leonard S, Keyhani S, Korenstein D. Association between marijuana use and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Nov 1;2(11):e1916318. PubMed
  109. Rodriguez CE, Sheeder J, Allshouse AA, et al. Marijuana use in young mothers and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG. 2019 Nov;126(12):1491-1497. PubMed
  110. Smid MC. Marijuana use among young pregnant women: more common and more harmful than we think. BJOG. 2019 Nov;126(12):1498. PubMed
  111. Brar BK, Patil PS, Jackson DN, Gardner MO, Alexander JM, Doyle NM. Effect of intrauterine marijuana exposure on fetal growth patterns and placental vascular resistance. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Nov 11:1-5. PubMed
  112. Adejumo AC, Flanagan R, Kuo B, Staller K. Relationship Between Recreational Marijuana Use and Bowel Function in a Nationwide Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Nov 22. PubMed
  113. Qian ZJ, Alyono JC. An association between marijuana use and tinnitus. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020 Jan - Feb;41(1):102314. PubMed
  114. Lovell ME, Akhurst J, Padgett C, Garry MI, Matthews A. Cognitive outcomes associated with long-term, regular, recreational cannabis use in adults: A meta-analysis. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Oct 31. PubMed
  115. Alshaarawy O, Anthony JC. Are cannabis users less likely to gain weight? Results from a national 3-year prospective study. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Oct 1;48(5):1695-1700. PubMed
  116. Budney AJ, Roffman R, Stephens R, Walker D. Marijuana dependence and its treatment. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2007;4(1):4-16. PubMed
  117. Zehra A, Burns J, Liu CK, et al. Cannabis Addiction and the Brain: a Review. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2018;13(4):438-52. PubMed
  118. Bahji A, Stephenson C, Tyo R, Hawken ER, Seitz DP. Prevalence of Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms Among People With Regular or Dependent Use of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4):e202370. PubMed
  119. Madden K, Tanco K, Bruera E. Clinically Significant Drug-Drug Interaction Between Methadone and Cannabidiol. Pediatrics. 2020;e20193256. PubMed
  120. Baltz JW, Le LT. Serotonin Syndrome versus Cannabis Toxicity in the Emergency Department. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med. 2020;4(2):171-173. PubMed
  121. Bucchino L, Monzani A, Fracon S, Genoni G, Cena T, Bellone S. Cannabis-Related Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in a 16-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:468. PubMed
  122. Hindley G, Beck K, Borgan F, et al. Psychiatric symptoms caused by cannabis constituents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):344-353. PubMed
  123. Santaella-Tenorio J, Wheeler-Martin K, DiMaggio CJ, et al. Association of Recreational Cannabis Laws in Colorado and Washington State With Changes in Traffic Fatalities, 2005-2017. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PubMed
  124. Kloft L, Otgaar H, Blokland A, Garbaciak A, Monds LA, Ramaekers JG. False memory formation in cannabis users: a field study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019;236(12):3439-3450. PubMed
  125. Rosekind MR, Ehsani JP, Michael JP. Reducing Impaired Driving Fatalities: Data Need to Drive Testing, Enforcement, and Policy. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PubMed
  126. Parekh T, Pemmasani S, Desai R. Marijuana Use Among Young Adults (18-44 Years of Age) and Risk of Stroke: A Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Analysis. Stroke. 2020;51(1):308-310. PubMed
  127. Ramphul K, Joynauth J. Cardiac Arrhythmias Among Teenagers Using Cannabis in the United States. Am J Cardiol. 2019;124(12):1966. PubMed
  128. Kamer RS, Warshafsky S, Kamer GC. Change in Traffic Fatality Rates in the First 4 States to Legalize Recreational Marijuana. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PubMed
  129. Zaidi SR, Khan ZH, Mukhtar K, Ahmed MM, Syed SH. A Case of Intussusception in a Patient with Marijuana Use: Coincidence or Possible Correlation? Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7493. PubMed
  130. Paul SP, Hatoum AS, Fine JD, et al. Associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and childhood outcomes: results from the ABCD Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;e202902. PubMed
  131. Ammerman SD, Ryan SA, Adelman WP, et al. The impact of marijuana policies on youth: clinical, research, and legal update. Pediatrics. 2015;135(3):584-7. DOI
  132. Emoto J, Weeks K, Kallail KJ. Accidental Acute Cannabis Intoxication Presenting as Seizure in Pediatrics Patients. Kans J Med. 2020;13: 129-130. DOI
  133. Hines LA, Freeman TP, Gage SH, et al. Association of High-Potency Cannabis Use With Mental Health and Substance Use in Adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(10):1044-1051. PubMed
  134. Monte AA, K Shelton SK, Mills E., Acute Illness Associated With Cannabis Use, by Route of Exposure: An Observational Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Apr 16;170(8):531-537. PubMed
  135. San Luis CV, Nobleza COS, Shekhar S, et al. Association between recent cannabinoid use and acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Clin Pract. 2020;10(4):333-339. PubMed
  136. Arkell TR, Vinckenbosch F, Kevin RC, Theunissen EL, McGregor IS, Ramaekers JG. Effect of Cannabidiol and ?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Driving Performance: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(21):2177-2186.
  137. Brown GW, Bellnier TJ, Janda M, Miskowitz K. ?-9-tetrahydrocannabinol dose increase leads to warfarin drug interaction and elevated INR. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021;61(1):e57-e60. PubMed
  138. Cole TB, Saitz R. Cannabis and Impaired Driving. JAMA. 2020;324(21):2163-2164. PubMed
  139. Corsi DJ, Donelle J, Sucha E, et al. Maternal cannabis use in pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Nat Med. 2020;26(10):1536-1540. PubMed
  140. Dellazizzo L, Potvin S, Dou BY, et al. Association Between the Use of Cannabis and Physical Violence in Youths: A Meta-Analytical Investigation. Am J Psychiatry. 2020;177(7):619-626. PubMed
  141. Faustino ISP, González-Arriagada WA, Cordero-Torres K, Lopes MA. Candidiasis of the tongue in cannabis users: a report of 2 cases. Gen Dent. 2020;68(5):66-68.
  142. Gorfinkel LR, Stohl M, Hasin D. Association of Depression With Past-Month Cannabis Use Among US Adults Aged 20 to 59 Years, 2005 to 2016. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2013802. PubMed
  143. Grzeskowiak LE, Grieger JA, Andraweera P, et al. The deleterious effects of cannabis during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes. Med J Aust. 2020;212(11):519-524. PubMed
  144. Lawin D, Lawrenz T, Tego A, Stellbrink C. Cannabis-induced recurrent myocardial infarction in a 21-year-old man: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2020;4(3):1-5. PubMed
  145. Lewis B, Fleeger T, Judge B, Riley B, Jones JS. Acute toxicity associated with cannabis edibles following decriminalization of marijuana in Michigan. Am J Emerg Med. 2020:S0735-6757(20)30872-X. PubMed
  146. Manning T, Bartow C, McNaughton M, Reynolds E, Chen Z. Vaping Cannabis Oil: A Case of Catatonia Associated With Use of High-Potency Cannabis. Psychosomatics. 2020;61(6):745-751. PubMed
  147. Mekala H, Malik Z, Lone J, Shah K, Ishaq M. Cannabis-Induced Catatonia: A Case Series. Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8603. PubMed
  148. Tournier N, Lucie Chevillard L, Megarbane B, et al. Interaction of drugs of abuse and maintenance treatments with human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010;13(7):905-15. PubMed
  149. Arnold JC, Hone P, Holland ML, Allen JD. CB2 and TRPV1 receptors mediate cannabinoid actions on MDR1 expression in multidrug resistant cells. Pharmacol Rep. 2012;64(3):751-7. PubMed
  150. Wymore EM, Palmer C, Wang GS, et al. Persistence of ?-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Breast Milk JAMA Pediatr. 2021. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.6098. PubMed
  151. Anderson LL, Doohan PT, Oldfield L, et al. Citalopram and Cannabidiol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Relevant to the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Young People. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2021. PubMed
  152. Nasrin S, Watson CJW, Perez-Paramo YX, Lazarus P. Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2021;49(12):1070-1080. PubMed
  153. Noori A, Miroshnychenko A, Shergill Y, et al. Opioid-sparing effects of medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies. BMJ Open 2021;11(7):e047717. PubMed
  154. Puri C, Rhee K, Harish VK, Slack D. Marijuana induced spontaneous pneumomediastinum. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2021;11(4):516-517. PubMed
  155. Rao SJ, Kirse DJ, Shetty AK. Cannabis induced thermal epiglottitis in a pediatric patient. Am J Emerg Med 2021;49:114-116. PubMed
  156. Sheikh B, Hirachan T, Gandhi K, Desai S, Arif R, Isakov O. Cannabis-Induced Malignant Catatonia: A Medical Emergency and Review of Prior Case Series. Cureus 2021;13(8):e17490. PubMed
  157. Malviya A, Khan SA, Gupta A, Mishra A. Chronic Marijuana Consumption Leading to High-Grade Atrioventricular Block in a Young Male. Cureus 2021;13(7):e16202. PubMed
  158. Sly M, Clark K, Karaghossian G, Narang VK, Gill M, Ragland AS. Cannabis-Induced Pancreatitis in a Young Adult Male. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021;9:23247096211035238. PubMed
  159. Kiburi SK, Molebatsi K, Ntlantsana V, Lynskey MT. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk of psychosis: Are there factors that moderate this relationship? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Subst Abus 2021;42(4):527-542. PubMed
  160. Kasuda S, Kondo T, Terazawa I, Morimoto M, Yuui K, Kudo R. Cardiac sudden death in a young cannabis user. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021;53:101955. PubMed
  161. Singh BO, Panda PK, Walia R. Recreational cannabis use causing non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and cardioembolism in a young adult. BMJ Case Rep 2021;14(6):e243193. PubMed
  162. Matta A, Elenizi K, Elbaz M, Roncalli J. Left main coronary artery thrombus after cannabis consumption: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021;5(6):ytab179. PubMed
  163. Onorato A, Shapiro J, Griffin L, Aldulescu M, Arva NC, Shah A. Chronic cough and weight loss in an adolescent marijuana smoker. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022;10:2050313X221085779. PubMed
  164. Farouji I, Chan KH, Battah A, et al. A rare case of marijuana associated with ascending aorta thrombosis complicated with stroke and bilateral renal infarcts. Radiol Case Rep 2021;17(1):119-123. PubMed
  165. Banana Y, Bashir H, Boukabous S, Rezziki A, Benzirar A, El Mahi O. Cannabis arteritis: A case report and brief review of the literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022;76:103523. PubMed
  166. Busse JW, Vankrunkelsven P, Zeng L, et al. Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ 2021;374:n2040. PubMed
  167. Marchand G, Masoud AT, Govindan M, et al. Birth Outcomes of Neonates Exposed to Marijuana in Utero: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022;5(1):e2145653. PubMed
  168. Ramos B, Santos Martins AF, Lima Osório ES. Psychotic cannabis withdrawal: A clinical case. Cureus 2022;14(11):e31465. PubMed
  169. Robinson T, Ali MU, Easterbrook B, et al. Identifying risk-thresholds for the association between frequency of cannabis use and development of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022;238:109582. PubMed
  170. Fresán A, Dionisio-García DM, González-Castro TB, et al. Cannabis smoking increases the risk of suicide ideation and suicide attempt in young individuals of 11-21 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2022;153:90-98. PubMed
  171. Maharaj N, Swarath S, Seecheran R, Seecheran V, Seecheran NA. Suspected cannabis vaping-induced pericardial effusion. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022;10:23247096221140251. PubMed
  172. Alirezaei T, Mohammadi MKA, Irilouzadian R, Zarinparsa H. Marijuana-induced myocarditis in a 24-year-old man. Arch Clin Cases 2022;9(2):69-74. PubMed
  173. Kothadia JP, Dash A, Verma R, Kreitman K, Snell PD, Ismail MK. Adult intussusception in chronic marijuana users. Gastroenterology Res 2022;15(5):278-283. PubMed
  174. Abosheaishaa H, Nassar M, Haseeb Ul Rasool M, Makhoul K, Abdelwahed M. Marijuana-induced acute hepatitis: A case report. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30273. PubMed
  175. Jain A, Ashiq A, Ahmed R, Rane RP, Hussain KM. A case of pneumothorax secondary to marijuana use disorder. Cureus 2022;14(7):e26634. PubMed
  176. Prota C, Ravera A, Caleo O, Campanile A. Marijuana-induced toxic myocarditis: a case report and a review of the literature. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022;23(12):814-818. PubMed
  177. Idris I, Diez JR, Assoku BA, Beker S. Accidental ingestion of tetrahydrocannabinol-laced gummies causing bradycardia and first-degree atrioventricular block in a pediatric patient: A case report. Cureus 2022;14(7):e26826. PubMed
  178. Simonsen SK, Rittig NF, Poulsen PL, Svart MV. Hypokalemic paresis in a 26-year-old man after recreational cannabis use. Am J Case Rep 2022;23:e936008. PubMed
  179. Chabot C, Gouat F. Rare finding of acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with heavy cannabis use: A case-report. Radiol Case Rep 2022;17(9):3040-3042. PubMed
  180. Gayá García-Manso I, Martínez García MÁ, Pérez Pérez JL. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with marijuana smoking for chronic pain management. Med Clin (Barc) 2022;159(6):e41-e42. DOI
  181. Englund A, Oliver D, Chesney E, et al. Does cannabidiol make cannabis safer? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial of cannabis with four different CBD:THC ratios. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022. PubMed
  182. Hutten NRPW, Arkell TR, Vinckenbosch F, et al. Cannabis containing equivalent concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) induces less state anxiety than THC-dominant cannabis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022;239(11):3731-374 PubMed
  183. Bell AD, MacCallum C, Margolese S, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for cannabis and cannabinoid-based medicines in the management of chronic pain and co-occurring conditions. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2023. PubMed
  184. Graves JM, Dilley JA, Klein T, Liebelt E. Suspected suicidal cannabis exposures reported to US Poison Centers, 2009-2021. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(4):e239044. PubMed
  185. Moussa MK, Hall MAK, Akwe J. Cannabis-induced acute encephalopathy in a 94-year-old woman due to family administration of cannabidiol (CBD) products: A case report. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37927.
  186. Le Q, Dangol G, Bhandari A. A rare case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage caused by fentanyl-laced marijuana. Cureus 2023;15(5):e38523. PubMed
  187. Mankgele M, Hlawe D, Tsabedze N. Cannabis-associated myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries in a young patient with underlying myocardial bridge. Am J Case Rep 2023;24:e938175. PubMed
  188. Khan MA, Khan FH, Khan HB, Brabham D. Marijuana as a cause of diffuse coronary vasospasm leading to cardiac arrest. Cureus 2023;15(4):e38026. PubMed
  189. Alisauskiene R, Johnsen E, Gjestad R, et al. Does drug use affect the efficacy of amisulpride, aripiprazole and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders? Results from a pragmatic, randomised study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023;83:185-193. PubMed
  190. Nana Sede Mbakop R, Kesiena O, Greene TE, Amakye D. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in a 23-year-old woman with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Case Rep 2023;24:e938418. PubMed
  191. Johnson GA, Guerra L, Oxner A. A case of panic attacks developing after 10 years of chronic cannabis use in a patient with no prior psychiatric history. Cureus 2023;15(1):e34197. PubMed
  192. Li J, Miller M, Abu Khalaf S, Nelson TB. Weeding out the culprit: Cannabinoid-associated Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39454. PubMed
  193. Osagie E, Mirza O. Recurrent severe burns due to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Cureus 2023;15(2):e34552. PubMed
  194. Ploucher S, Koilpillai S, Iyyani M, Carlan S. A case of near-fatal bradycardia caused by accidental cannabis intoxication. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37430. PubMed
  195. Gauthier T, Prakash PB, Keopple D, Vardis R. Cannabis-induced catatonia in a 15-year-old male: A case report. WMJ 2023;122(2):131-133.
  196. Pilitsi E, Kennamer B, Trepanowski N, et al. Cannabis arteritis presenting with Raynaud's and digital ulcerations: a case-based review of a controversial thromboangiitis obliterans-like condition. Clin Rheumatol 2023;42(7):1981-1985. PubMed
  197. Luke ND, Vefali B, Chow P, Miller R. Acute recreational cannabis-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A case report. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37312. PubMed
  198. Rahman A, Alqaisi S. Myopericarditis associated with marijuana intake: A case report and literature review. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39413. PubMed
  199. Patel M, Sathiya Narayanan R, Peela AS. A case of a patient with cannabis hyperemesis syndrome along with recurrent nephrolithiasis. Cureus 2023;15(4):e37182. PubMed
  200. Zamarripa CA, Spindle TR, Surujunarain R, et al. Assessment of orally administered ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol when coadministered with cannabidiol on ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial PubMed
  201. Phan AT, Hu J, Ghantarchyan HH, Nguyen VP, Hasan M. Marijuana-induced lung injury: A case report and a review of the literature. Cureus 2023;15(2):e34635. PubMed
  202. van Dam CJ, van der Schrier R, van Velzen M, et al. Inhaled Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol does not enhance oxycodone-induced respiratory depression: randomised controlled trial in healthy volunteers. Br J Anaesth 2023;130(4):485-493.
  203. Hjorthøj C, Compton W, Starzer M, et al. Association between cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia stronger in young males than in females. Psychol Med. 2023;1-7. PubMed
  204. Treyer A, Reinhardt JK, Eigenmann DE, Oufir M, Hamburger M. Phytochemical comparison of medicinal cannabis extracts and study of their CYP-mediated interactions with coumarinic oral anticoagulants. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2023;6(1):21-31. PubMed
  205. Nadeem Z, Wu C, Burke S, Parker S. Serotonin syndrome and cannabis: A case report. Australas Psychiatry. 2024;32(1):100-101. PubMed
  206. Arshad H, Mousa A, Oudah B, Kakhktsyan T, Abu-Abaa M, Kass R. Cannabis-Induced ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Possible Coronary Artery Dissection: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023;15(5):e39594. PubMed
  207. Licciardi M, Utzeri E, Marchetti MF, Nissardi V, Cecchetto G, Montisci M, Montisci R. Syncope and Cannabis: hypervagotonia from chronic abuse? A case report and literature review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):518. PubMed
  208. Oudah B, Al-Ameri N, Mousa A, Arshad H, Abu-Abaa M, Park S. Variant Angina and Cannabis-Induced Myocarditis: A Rare Presentation of Myocardial Inflammation. Cureus. 2023;15(6):e41196. PubMed
  209. Fontane Hoyos CN, Boos J, Goldminz AM. Airborne allergic contact dermatitis to medical marijuana. Contact Dermatitis. 2024;90(1):89-91. PubMed
  210. Alduraibi RK, Altowayan YF, AlMharwal BT. Unexpected cause of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23(1):137. PubMed
  211. Singh A, Apostolatos A, Iyer A, Bescobedo B, Middlemas M. Cannabis Use: An Uncommon Cause of Hypokalemia-Induced Acute Paralysis. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e44393. PubMed
  212. Moshfeghinia R, Oji B, Hosseinzadeh M, Pourfridoni M, Ahmadi J. Early onset frontotemporal dementia following cannabis abuse: a case report. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):484. PubMed
  213. Sharma A, Sharma V. A Case of Cannabis-Induced Catatonia and Management With Electroconvulsive Therapy. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43478. PubMed
  214. Leczycki M, Zaki P, Espiridion ED. Moon Rock Cannabis-Induced Psychosis and New-Onset Seizures in a 20-Year-Old Male. Cureus. 2023;15(7):e42752. PubMed
  215. Ahmad Z, Mukherjee A, Garcia A, Asif H. Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Marijuana Users. Cureus. 2023;15(9):e45033. PubMed
  216. Oladunjoye AF, Li E, Aneni K, Onigu-Otite E. Cannabis use disorder, suicide attempts, and self-harm among adolescents: A national inpatient study across the United States. PLoS One. 2023;18(10):e0292922. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2023 Nov 30;18(11):e0294303. PubMed
  217. Chhabra M, Ben-Eltriki M, Paul A, Lê ML, Herbert A, Oberoi S, Bradford N, Bowers A, Rassekh SR, Kelly LE. Cannabinoids for symptom management in children with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer. 2023 Nov 15;129(22):3656-3670. doi: 10.10 PubMed
  218. Delker E, Hayes S, Kelly AE, Jones KL, Chambers C, Bandoli G. Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis and Risk of Major Structural Birth Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2023;142(2):269-283. PubMed
  219. Reis MG, Ferreira AJF, Sohouli MH, Taimeirão DR, Vieira RAL, Guimarães NS. Effect of cannabis and subproducts on anthropometric measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2024;48(1):44-54. PubMed
  220. Bansal S, Zamarripa CA, Spindle TR, et al. Evaluation of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Cannabinoid-Drug Interactions in Healthy Adult Participants. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023.
  221. Jeffers AM, Glantz S, Byers AL, Keyhani S. Association of Cannabis Use With Cardiovascular Outcomes Among US Adults. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Mar 5;13(5):e030178. PubMed
  222. Elnagar A, Kgomo M, Mokone M, Yousif B. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2024;17(4):e256921. PubMed
  223. Braun IM, Bohlke K, Abrams DI, et al. Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2024;42(13):1575-1593. PubMed
  224. Mensah DN, Livingston J, Maddukuri V. Cannabis-Associated Pneumothorax: A Case Report. Cureus 2023;15(12):e50825. PubMed
  225. Crichton M, Dissanayaka T, Marx W, et al. Does medicinal cannabis affect depression, anxiety, and stress in people with cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Maturitas 2024;184:107941. PubMed
  226. Tadesse AW, Dachew BA, Ayano G, Betts K, Alati R. Prenatal cannabis use and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024;171:142-151. PubMed
  227. Oliveira Gracini CL, Nascimento GG, Vidigal MTC, et al. Suicide ideation and psychotropic recreational drug use by adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sao Paulo Med J 2024;142(4):e2022641. PubMed
  228. Tadesse AW, Ayano G, Dachew BA, et al. The association between prenatal cannabis use and congenital birth defects in offspring: A cumulative meta-analysis. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024;102:107340. PubMed
  229. Lowe DJE, Sorkhou M, George TP. Cannabis use in adolescents and anxiety symptoms and disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2024;50(2):150-161. PubMed
  230. Dawson D, Stjepanovic D, Lorenzetti V, Cheung C, Hall W, Leung J. The prevalence of cannabis use disorders in people who use medicinal cannabis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024;257:111263. PubMed
  231. Shukla R, Shukla N. Cannabis-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder: Is it a paradox?. Indian J Psychiatry 2023;65(11):1200-1201. PubMed
  232. Hutchinson J, Sall S, Stevens L. The Effect of Cannabis Use on Depression. Cureus 2024;16(1):e51803. PubMed
  233. Yang G, Li F, Wang Q, Liu Y, Guo J, Yue C. Association between history of cannabis use and outcomes after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024;12:1377688. PubMed
  234. Moshfeghinia R, Hosseinzadeh M, Mostafavi S, et al. Recurrent cannabis-induced catatonia: a case report and comprehensive systematic literature review. Front Psychiatry 2024;15:1332310. PubMed
  235. Zafrullah F, Raheela F, Ali F, et al. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in the Setting of Marijuana: A Case Report. Cureus 2024;16(4):e59284. PubMed
  236. Shehataa MS, Abdelfattah AH, Selim AN. A Case Report of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome From Cannabis and Amphetamine Use. Cureus 2023;15(12):e50003. PubMed
  237. Khalili MR, Hosseini S, Shirvani M. Bilateral Optic Neuropathy Associated with Acute Inhaled Marijuana Use: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Neuroophthalmology 2024;48(3):186-192. PubMed
  238. Kaplan EF, Link CN, Schmalzried S, Rosenblatt A, Kellams A, Holland E. Association of Cannabis with Apneic Episodes in a Breastfed Infant: A Case Study. Breastfeed Med 2024;19(6):490-493. PubMed
  239. Solanki NN, Thill CA, Chaker M, Messina Alvarez AA, Manasrah N, Chaudhary AJ. Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax Secondary to Marijuana and Tobacco Abuse. Cureus 2024;16(1):e52391. PubMed
  240. Velez Oquendo G, Balaji N, Ignatowicz A, Qutob H. Vanishing Lung Syndrome in a Young Male With Chronic Marijuana Use: A Case Report. Cureus 2023;15(12):e51223. PubMed
  241. Heyne S, Steininger J, Bauer A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to marijuana. Contact Dermatitis 2024. PubMed
  242. Acharya P, Mishra A, Kuikel S, et al. Severe and rapidly changing hypophosphatemia in cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case report. Oxf Med Case Reports 2024;2024(6):omae055. PubMed
  243. Moy M, Truonghuynh A, Villarreal E, Neal D. Antepartum Psychosis in the Setting of Preeclampsia With Severe Features: A Case Report. Cureus 2023;15(11):e49678. PubMed
  244. Park JB, Lee D, Adebagbo OD, et al. Impact of marijuana on masculinization top surgery postoperative complications: Single-surgeon single-institutional experience. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024;93:302-304. PubMed
  245. Zebbakh H, Imrani K, Benbrahim F, Moatassim Billah N, Nassar I. Acute toxic hippocampal encephalopathy in heavy cannabis users: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024;19(5):1913-1916. PubMed
  246. Bhana M, Perner Y. Can cannabinoids contribute to cholecystitis - a case of gangrenous acalculous cholecystitis. S Afr J Surg 2024;62(2):71. DOI
  247. Salmerón S, Ochandiano I, Andreu H, et al. Cannabis withdrawal and manic episodes: Three cases of an unknown trigger for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2024;26(3):296-299. PubMed
  248. Colling M, Souri Y, Reifsnyder T. Tetrahydrocannabinol vape-associated cannabis arteritis in a patient with minimal tobacco exposure. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2024;11(1):101673. PubMed
  249. Bennasser A, Oudrhiri Safiani M, El Mostarchid A, Zhim M, Jiddane M, Touarsa F. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) following cannabis consumption: A rare association. Radiol Case Rep 2024;20(1):59-63. PubMed
  250. de Andrade Silva S, Velozo C, de Almeida Souto Montenegro L, et al. Effect of Preoperative Oral Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract on Anxiety and Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2024;50(12):1 PubMed
  251. Ricci V, De Berardis D, Martinotti G, Maina G. New insight in psychotic cannabis withdrawal: case series and brief overview. Riv Psichiatr 2024;59(6):316-321. PubMed
  252. Grimison P, Mersiades A, Kirby A, et al. Oral Cannabis Extract for Secondary Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Final Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II/III Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024;42(34):4040-4050. PubMed
  253. Udomuksorn W, Saowaneepitak N, Dolthammasiri P, et al. Unveiling the impact of water-boiled cannabis on warfarin: A case report of atrial fibrillation patients after cannabis legalization in Thailand. Toxicol Rep 2024;13:101838. PubMed
  254. Munroe M, Shah Z, Setya A. Wernicke encephalopathy in a pediatric patient with cannabinoid hyperemesis: A novel case report. JPGN Rep 2024;5(3):411-413. PubMed
  255. Storck W, Elbaz M, Vindis C, et al. Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of cannabis and cannabinoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2025:heartjnl-2024-325429. PubMed
  256. Dogra R, Dogra V, Badyal H, Avasthi S. Hot Dab Associated Pneumonitis - a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2024;24(1):449. PubMed
  257. Ei Sherif Y, Gouher S, Abualhab MM, El-Khoury J. Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in a Recently Abstinent Chronic User: Assessment and Intervention. Consort Psychiatr 2024;5(1):27-32. PubMed
  258. Knight HE, Singla A, Smerina M, et al. A Rare Complication of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome. Am J Case Rep 2024;25:e945106. PubMed
  259. Wasik J, Likonska A, Kurowski M. IgE-Mediated Allergy and Asymptomatic Sensitization to Cannabis Allergens-Review of Current Knowledge and Presentation of Six Cases. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024;60(6):954. PubMed
  260. Strickler L, Baker A, DeGonza H, Alkhouri R. Intussusception in an Infant Chronically Ingesting Marijuana Via Breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med. 2025;20(6):450-452. PubMed
  261. Daoudi I, Mabchour A, Rasquin F, Van Bol L, Demols P. Retinal arterial macroaneurysm rupture in a 17-year-old: Could cannabis consumption be a risk factor? J Fr Ophtalmol. 2025:S0181-5512(25)00141-X. PubMed

See these in context on the Cannabis monograph →

Skullcap 3 references
  1. Wolfson P, Hoffmann DL. An investigation into the efficacy of Scutellaria lateriflora in healthy volunteers. Altern Ther Health Med 2003;9:74-8.
  2. Awad, R., Arnason, J. T., Trudeau, V., Bergeron, C., Budzinski, J. W., Foster, B. C., and Merali, Z. Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(8):6 PubMed
  3. Brock C, Whitehouse J, Tewfik I, Towell T. American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora): a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its effects on mood in healthy volunteers. Phytother Res 2014;28(5):692-8.

See these in context on the Skullcap monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Drug–drug interactions › Check two or more of your medications against each other Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements NDC & pricing lookup › Find a drug’s NDCs, packaging and costs Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team