Original Pure Cod Liver Oil Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Seven Seas
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Original Pure Cod Liver Oil against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Original Pure Cod Liver Oil is a dietary supplement by Seven Seas with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for source of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin a and d supplementation, heart health.Based on those ingredients, 375 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Cod Liver Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Original Pure Cod Liver Oil by Seven Seas
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil by Seven Seas — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Original Pure Cod Liver Oil by Seven Seas
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: cod liver oil, a fatty oil extracted from fish livers that's rich in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins A and D. There are no inactive fillers or other ingredients.
Does it work?
Not established
The data we hold shows insufficient reliable evidence to rate cod liver oil for age-related macular degeneration, hay fever, irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), or burns. For COVID-19, it's rated possibly ineffective.
The research on its other potential uses hasn't reached a clear conclusion in the sources we have on file.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Cod liver oil is generally well tolerated when taken by mouth. The most common side effects are mild—flatulence, heartburn, nausea, and stomach upset.
The main safety concern is its vitamin A content: high doses over time can accumulate and cause harm. During pregnancy, high vitamin A intake can harm the baby, so if you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, use cod liver oil only under medical supervision.
There's one case report of severe bleeding in someone taking a very high combined dose of omega-3 supplements (over 21 grams daily). Older data from Norway suggested long-term use might be linked to asthma development, though that cod liver oil had unusually high vitamin A levels.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners (anticoagulants) or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin or aspirin—cod liver oil may increase bleeding risk at high doses. Also double-check if you're on blood pressure medications or diabetes drugs, as cod liver oil may strengthen their effects.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Cod liver oil may appeal to you if you're looking for omega-3s and vitamins A and D, but it's not right for everyone. If you take blood thinners, blood pressure medications, or diabetes drugs, or if you're pregnant or planning to be, talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist before starting—the vitamin A content and drug interactions need individual review.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 25, 2013.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Original Pure Cod Liver Oil, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Seven Seas |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 170 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Nov 25, 2013 |
| DSLD ID | 27735 |
| Product type | Fat/fatty Acid |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | Nutrient, All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Children 4 or More Years of Age, Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Original Pure Cod Liver Oil by Seven Seas, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Cod Liver Oil | 0 NP | -- |
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions
YOU MUST BE especially careful: If you are taking any medicines including ones you have bough yourself as well as those you have on prescription from your doctor.
If any of these conditions apply to you, please discuss your treatment with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this medicine.
DO NOT TAKE Seven Seas Original Pure Cod Liver Oil: If you are receiving medical treatment for having too much Calcium or vitamin A, D E in your blood.
DO NOT TAKE Seven Seas Original Pure Cod Liver Oil: If you know you are allergic to any f the ingredients of this medicine (see ingredients section).
DO NOT TAKE Seven Seas Original Pure Cod Liver Oil: If you are taking water tablets (thiazide diuretics) such as chlorothiazide or bendroflumethlazied which are used to treat high blood pressure.
Seals/Symbols
OCEAN GOLD(TM) ULTRA PURE
General Statements
Good health - naturally! A traditional remedy for the relief of muscular pains, joint pains and stiffness.
for the relief of joint pains and stiffness
e
- For the relief of joint pain and stiffness - Healthy hair, skin and nails - Building resistance to infections such as coughs and colds - Good vision - Strong bones
Formula
Provides a source of vitamins A, D and E and the unsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA which are essential dietary components.
It can be used in children over 15 years and adults with poor dietary status and int he treatment of combined vitamins A, D and E deficiencies.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Original Pure Cod Liver Oil by Seven Seas label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Original Pure Cod Liver Oil by Seven Seas
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size0 Not Present Dosage formLiquid Amounts shown are per serving.
Cod Liver Oil
Interacts with375 drugs
Cod liver oil supplies omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) along with vitamins A and D, and is popular for heart, joint, and general health support. Evi...
Cod Liver Oil monograph & interactionsOriginal Pure Cod Liver Oil by Seven Seas Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Seven Seas Original Pure Cod Liver Oil interacts with blood thinners (anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs), blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), and diabetes drugs—all at Moderate severity.
The most serious concern is bleeding risk: high doses of cod liver oil (20–40 mL daily) can thin your blood and reduce how well platelets clump, which adds to the effect of blood thinners like warfarin or aspirin and raises your bleeding risk.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Cod liver oil can also lower blood pressure on its own, so if you're already taking a blood pressure medication, the combination might drop your pressure too far. Similarly, it may lower blood sugar, which could increase the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) if you're on diabetes medication.
Altogether, these interactions span 375 individual medications. Before you start this product, check your exact prescriptions with the tool on this page or run them by your doctor or pharmacist.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Original Pure Cod Liver Oil?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Original Pure Cod Liver Oil interact with 375 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Original Pure Cod Liver Oil interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Cod Liver Oil
AbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Abciximab interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, IbuprofenCombogesic
How Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Acetazolamide interactionAcetohexamideDymelor
How Acetohexamide interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Acetohexamide interactionAcetylsalicylic AcidEntrophen
How Acetylsalicylic Acid interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionAlbiglutideTanzeum
How Albiglutide interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Albiglutide interactionAliskirenTekturna
How Aliskiren interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Aliskiren interactionAlogliptinNesina
How Alogliptin interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Alogliptin interactionAlogliptin, MetforminKazano
How Alogliptin, Metformin interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionAlogliptin, PioglitazoneOseni
How Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interactionAlteplase, TpaActilyse, Activase
How Alteplase, Tpa interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Alteplase, Tpa interactionAluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin Codeine #2
How Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin
How Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAmbrisentanLetairis, Volibris
How Ambrisentan interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Ambrisentan interactionAmilorideAmilamont, Midamor
How Amiloride interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Amiloride interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmlodipineNorliqva
How Amlodipine interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Amlodipine interactionAmlodipine BenzoateKaterzia
How Amlodipine Benzoate interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionAmlodipine BesilateIstin
How Amlodipine Besilate interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Amlodipine Besilate interactionAmlodipine BesylateNorvasc
How Amlodipine Besylate interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Amlodipine Besylate interactionAmlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel
How Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionAmlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi
How Amlodipine, Celecoxib interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Ammonium Chloride interactionAnacaulase-bcdbNexoBrid
How Anacaulase-bcdb interacts with Original Pure Cod Liver Oil — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cod Liver OilAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cod Liver Oil + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Original Pure Cod Liver Oil with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Cod Liver Oil
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
High doses of cod liver oil, 20-40 mL daily, have been associated with prolonged bleeding time and reduced platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some clinical research shows that cod liver oil may lower blood glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes who are already taking antidiabetes drugs when used for at least 12 weeks. However, it does not appear to have any effect on blood glucose when used for shorter durations. Until more is known, use caution.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cod liver oil can lower blood pressure and might have additive effects in patients treated with antihypertensives; use with caution.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Original Pure Cod Liver Oil, from the product label.
Original Pure Cod Liver Oil by Seven Seas: Common Questions
Does Original Pure Cod Liver Oil by Seven Seas interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is cod liver oil safe to take during pregnancy?
What are the most common side effects?
Can I take this if I'm breastfeeding?
Does cod liver oil actually work for anything?
Why is vitamin A a concern with this product?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Original Pure Cod Liver Oil is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Original Pure Cod Liver Oil’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Original Pure Cod Liver Oil's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 20 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Cod Liver Oil 20 references
- Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 1998;1:105-12.
- Toft I, Bonaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:911-8.
- Dawson JK, Abernethy VE, Graham DR, Lynch MP. A woman who took cod-liver oil and smoked. Lancet 1996;347:1804. PubMed
- Stammers T, Sibbald B, Freeling P. Efficacy of cod liver oil as an adjunct to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment in the management of osteoarthritis in general practice. Ann Rheum Dis 1992;51:128-9. PubMed
- Jensen T, Stender S, Goldstein K, et al. Partial normalization by dietary cod-liver oil of increased microvascular albumin leakage in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and albuminuria. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1572-7. PubMed
- Brox JH, Killie JE, Gunnes S, Nordoy A. The effect of cod liver oil and corn oil on platelets and vessel wall in man. Thromb Haemost 1981;46:604-11. DOI
- Sanders TA, Vickers M, Haines AP. Effect on blood lipids and haemostasis of a supplement of cod-liver oil, rich in eicosapentainoic and docosahexaenoic acids, in healthy young men. Clin Sci (Colch) 1981;61:317-24.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Brox JH, Killie JE, Osterud B, et al. Effects of cod liver oil on platelets and coagulation in familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa). Acta Med Scand 1983;213:137-44.. PubMed
- Lorenz R, Spengler U, Fischer S, Duhm J, Weber PC. Platelet function, thromboxane formation and blood pressure control during supplementation of the Western diet with cod liver oil. Circulation 1983;67(3):504-11. PubMed
- Ahmed AA, Holub BJ. Alteration and recovery of bleeding times, platelet aggregation and fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids in platelets of human subjects receiving a supplement of cod-liver oil. Lipids 1984;19(8):617-24. PubMed
- Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB (eds). Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, 2011. Available at: www.nap.edu/catalog/13050/dietary-reference-intakes-for-calcium-and-vitamin-d (accessed April 17, 2016). DOI
- Detopoulou P, Papamikos V. Gastrointestinal bleeding after high intake of omega-3 fatty acids, cortisone and antibiotic therapy: a case study. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014;24(3):253-7. PubMed
- Mai XM, Langhammer A, Chen Y, Camargo CA. Cod liver oil intake and incidence of asthma in Norwegian adults - the HUNT study. Thorax 2013;68(1):25-30. PubMed
- Gruenwald J, Graubaum HJ, Harde A. Effect of cod liver oil on symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Ther 2002;19(2):101-7. PubMed
- Foti C, Bonamonte D, Conserva A, Pepe ML, Angelini G. Allergic contact dermatitis to cod liver oil contained in a topical ointment. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57(4):281-2. PubMed
- Helland IB, Saugstad OD, Saarem K, et al. Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation reduces maternal plasma lipid levels and provides DHA to the infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006;19(7):397-406. PubMed
- Olafsdottir AS, Thorsdottir I, Wagner KH, Elmadfa I. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet and breast milk of lactating Icelandic women with traditional fish and cod liver oil consumption. Ann Nutr Metab 2006;50(3):270-6. PubMed
- Yang S, Lin R, Si L, et al. Cod-liver oil improves metabolic indices and hs-CRP levels in gestational diabetes mellitus patients: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Res. 2019;2019:7074042. PubMed
- Conus N, Burgher-Kennedy N, van den Berg F, Kaur Datta G. A randomized trial comparing omega-3 fatty acid plasma levels after ingestion of emulsified and non-emulsified cod liver oil formulations. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35(4):587-593. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC