Oxy-Max Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Oxy-Max against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Oxy-Max is a dietary supplement by EB Earth's Bounty with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 205 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Oxy-Max is a liquid containing one active ingredient: sodium. Sodium is an essential mineral your body needs in small amounts for nerve and muscle function.
The product also contains de-ionized water, sodium chlorite, and sodium carbonate as inactive ingredients.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
The evidence we hold supports sodium supplementation as likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for amphotericin B nephrotoxicity (kidney damage from a fungal medication). For bipolar disorder and congestive heart failure, we don't have enough reliable evidence to rate its effectiveness.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Sodium is generally well tolerated when you take it in moderate amounts up to the recommended daily limit (2.3 grams). However, too much sodium is linked to high blood pressure, worsening heart disease, and kidney strain.
Serious side effects are rare but can include worsened cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Normal dietary sodium is fine—the caution is about supplemental sodium or deliberately high intake.
Pregnancy and lactation safety ratings in our data are conflicting; talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this if you're pregnant or nursing.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking Oxy-Max, check with your pharmacist if you're on blood pressure medication (antihypertensives), lithium, corticosteroids, didanosine, sodium phosphate laxatives, or tolvaptan. All carry moderate interaction risk with added sodium.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This sodium supplement is meant for specific conditions like cystic fibrosis under medical supervision. If you take blood pressure medication, lithium, corticosteroids, or any HIV or other sodium-containing drugs, you must check this product with your pharmacist first.
Don't use sodium supplements without your doctor's guidance.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 23, 2018.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Oxy-Max, straight from the product label.
| Brand | EB Earth's Bounty |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 707990110008 |
| Net contents | 2 fl. Oz.; 59 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Mar 23, 2018 |
| DSLD ID | 83274 |
| Product type | Mineral |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium | 10 mg | 1% |
Other ingredients: de-ionized Water, Sodium Chlorite, Sodium Carbonate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity
Oxygen Supplement
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: Put 10-20 drops in a glass, add 6-8 ounces of water and drink. Repeat 3 times daily. Best taken on an empty stomach.
Precautions
Warning: Never use undiluted. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Keep out of reach of children.
General Statements
Satisfaction guaranteed
Please recycle
General
Prod #100 OM8
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size10 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container59 Amounts shown are per serving.
Sodium
Interacts with205 drugs
Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...
Sodium monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: De-ionized Water, Sodium Chlorite, Sodium Carbonate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty contains sodium, which interacts with a number of medications.
The most serious concern involves blood pressure drugs (antihypertensives): high sodium intake can reduce how well they work, forcing your doctor to increase the dose to keep your blood pressure under control.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
You'll also want to check if you take lithium for bipolar disorder—changes in sodium intake can shift lithium levels in your blood and potentially cause toxicity. Corticosteroids (like prednisone), didanosine (an HIV medication), sodium phosphate laxatives, tolvaptan (for low sodium levels), and any other sodium-containing drugs all carry a moderate risk of too much sodium in your blood when combined with this product.
Altogether, these interactions span 203 individual medications. Use the medication checker on this page to look up your exact prescriptions before starting.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Oxy-Max?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Oxy-Max interact with 205 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Oxy-Max interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium
LabetalolNormodyne, Trandate
How Labetalol interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Labetalol interactionLercanidipine HydrochlorideZanidip
How Lercanidipine Hydrochloride interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Lercanidipine Hydrochloride interactionLevamlodipineConjupri
How Levamlodipine interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Levamlodipine interactionLisinoprilPrinivil, Qbrelis, Zestril
How Lisinopril interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Lisinopril interactionLithium Carbonate (prescription Drug)Eskalith, Lithium Carbonate
How Lithium Carbonate (prescription Drug) interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumLithium Moderate
Interaction Summary
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
Read the full Sodium + Lithium Carbonate (prescription Drug) interactionLosartan PotassiumCozaar
How Losartan Potassium interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Losartan Potassium interactionMacitentanOpsumit
How Macitentan interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Macitentan interactionMacitentan, TadalafilOpsynvi
How Macitentan, Tadalafil interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Macitentan, Tadalafil interactionMannitolBronchitol, Osmitrol
How Mannitol interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Mannitol interactionMecamylamineInversine
How Mecamylamine interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Mecamylamine interactionMethazolamideNeptazane
How Methazolamide interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Methazolamide interactionMethyclothiazideAquatensen, Enduron
How Methyclothiazide interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Methyclothiazide interactionMethyclothiazide, PargylineEutron
How Methyclothiazide, Pargyline interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Methyclothiazide, Pargyline interactionMethyclothiazide, ReserpineDiutensen-R
How Methyclothiazide, Reserpine interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Methyclothiazide, Reserpine interactionMethyldopaAldomet, Methyldopa
How Methyldopa interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Methyldopa interactionMethylprednisoloneMedrol, Medrol Dosepak
How Methylprednisolone interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Methylprednisolone interactionMetolazoneDiulo, Mykrox, Zaroxolyn
How Metolazone interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Metolazone interactionMetoprololLopressor, Toprol XL
How Metoprolol interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Metoprolol interactionMinoxidilLoniten, Minoxidil, Rogaine
How Minoxidil interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Minoxidil interactionMoexiprilUnivasc
How Moexipril interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Moexipril interactionMoxonidinePhysiotens
How Moxonidine interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Moxonidine interactionNadololCorgard, Nadolol
How Nadolol interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Nadolol interactionNebivololBystolic, Nebilet
How Nebivolol interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Nebivolol interactionNebivolol Hydrochloride, ValsartanByvalson
How Nebivolol Hydrochloride, Valsartan interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Nebivolol Hydrochloride, Valsartan interactionNicardipineCardene, Cardene IV, Cardene SR
How Nicardipine interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Nicardipine interactionNifedipineAdalat, Adalat CC, Adalat LA, Adalat PA, Adalat Retard, Adalat XL +15 more
How Nifedipine interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Nifedipine interactionNimodipineNimotop, Nymalize
How Nimodipine interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Nimodipine interactionNisoldipineSular
How Nisoldipine interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Nisoldipine interactionNitroprussideNitropress
How Nitroprusside interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Nitroprusside interactionOlmesartan MedoxomilBenicar, Olmesartan Medoxomil
How Olmesartan Medoxomil interacts with Oxy-Max — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Olmesartan Medoxomil interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Oxy-Max with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Sodium
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.
Corticosteroids
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.
Didanosine (Videx)
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.
Lithium
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
Sodium Phosphates
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Sodium-Containing Drugs
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Oxy-Max, from the product label.
EB Earth's Bounty
See all EB Earth's Bounty products- Name
- Earth's Bounty
- City
- Vancouver
- State
- WA
- Phone Number
- (800) 736-5609
- Web Address
- www.earthsbounty.com
Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty: Common Questions
Does Oxy-Max by EB Earth's Bounty interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
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Is this safe to use long-term?
Can I take this if I'm trying to control my blood pressure?
Does this product help with any specific conditions?
What's in the liquid besides sodium?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Oxy-Max is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Oxy-Max’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Oxy-Max's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 38 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Sodium 38 references
- Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
- Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
- Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
- Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
- Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
- Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
- Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
- D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
- Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
- Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
- Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
- Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
- Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
- Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
- Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
- Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
- Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
- He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
- Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
- Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
- Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
- Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
- Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
- Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
- Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
- Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
- Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
- Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
- Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
- Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
- George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
- Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed
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