Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Solgar

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid is a dietary supplement by Solgar with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 496 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Alpha Lipoic Acid, Sodium, Peak ATP Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid by Solgar

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid by Solgar — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid by Solgar

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid is a 3-ingredient supplement combining sodium (a mineral essential for nerve and muscle function), alpha-lipoic acid (an antioxidant compound), and Peak ATP adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium (adenosine, a naturally occurring nucleotide). The tablet also contains several inactive ingredients—dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, methacrylic acid, vegetable cellulose, silica, vegetable magnesium stearate, and glyceryl triacetate—that serve as binders, fillers, and capsule material.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Cardiovascular disease diagnosis — rated "Effective" (Adenosine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia — rated "Effective" (Adenosine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cystic fibrosis — rated "Likely Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Diabetic neuropathy — rated "Possibly Effective" (Alpha-lipoic Acid) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hyperlipidemia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Alpha-lipoic Acid) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed. Adenosine is effective for treating a heart rhythm problem called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and for diagnosing cardiovascular disease—though those uses are established with the prescription injectable form given by a doctor, not the oral supplement.

Alpha-lipoic acid shows possibly effective evidence for diabetic nerve pain (neuropathy), high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), and obesity. For sodium, the data we hold focuses on its interactions and risks rather than its use as a supplement—you get sodium from your diet, and the evidence doesn't support adding more beyond normal intake.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Alpha-lipoic Acid Adenosine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Alpha-lipoic acid appears generally well tolerated when taken by mouth. The most common side effects reported are headache, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting; rash and itching have also been reported.

It can lower blood sugar and is best used under medical guidance. Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain—normal dietary sodium is fine, but avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice.

For adenosine as an oral supplement, safety evidence is limited; the prescription injectable form is powerful and must only be given by medical professionals. Pregnancy and lactation: alpha-lipoic acid safety data is not well established, and it's best avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Adenosine supplement safety has not been established in pregnancy or lactation, so avoid it during those periods. Sodium is rated possibly unsafe during breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Alpha-lipoic Acid Adenosine

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Alpha-lipoic Acid, Adenosine, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; cancer treatments; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 496 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take dipyridamole—this is the single most serious interaction (Major severity). Also check if you use blood pressure medication, corticosteroids, lithium, blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, thyroid hormone, diabetes medication, carbamazepine, or any sodium-containing drugs.

Methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, aminophylline) may reduce adenosine's effects at Minor severity.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This combination product is built around adenosine (effective for a specific heart rhythm and cardiac testing when given by injection), plus alpha-lipoic acid (possibly helpful for nerve pain, cholesterol, and weight) and sodium (which you likely get enough of from food). If you take blood pressure medication, heart drugs like dipyridamole, diabetes medication, thyroid replacement, blood thinners, or any chemotherapy, check your exact medications with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product.

The sodium content alone may not be wise for you if you have high blood pressure or take lithium.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 26, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid, straight from the product label.

Brand Solgar
Barcode (UPC) 033984001947
Net contents 60 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 26, 2020
DSLD ID 213851
Product type Non-nutrient/non-botanical
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid by Solgar, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
UPC/BARCODE
033984001947
IngredientAmount% DV
Sodium10 mg1%
Alpha Lipoic Acid50 mg--
Peak ATP Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium150 mg--

Other ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Methacrylic Acid, Vegetable Cellulose, Silica, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate, Glyceryl Triacetate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Solgar's ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid Tablets are free of corn, yeast, wheat, soy and dairy products and are formulated without the use of artificial preservatives, flavors, or colors.

Suitable for vegetarians

Sugar and starch free

Storage

To assure freshness and potency, store at room temperature 59 degrees-86 degrees F (15 degrees-30 degrees C). Store away from heat, light and moisture.

Precautions

Do not use if outer bottle seal is missing, torn or damaged in any way.

If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medication or have a medical condition, please consult your healthcare practitioner before taking any dietary supplement.

Keep out of reach of children.

General Statements

For more information, call toll-free 1-877-SOLGAR 4 www.solgar.com Enteric coated Solgar since 1947

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement for adults, take one (1) tablet, two (2) times daily, between meals, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Peak ATP is a registered trademark of TSI Health Sciences, Inc. and is protected by U.S. Patent Nos. 5,227,371 and 5,049,372 and other patents pending.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid by Solgar label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid by Solgar

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Alpha Lipoic Acid

Interacts with
263 drugs
50 mg per serving

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant made naturally by the body and found in small amounts in foods. It is most studied for diabetic nerve pain,...

Alpha Lipoic Acid monograph & interactions

Peak ATP Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium

Interacts with
47 drugs
150 mg per serving

Adenosine is a natural building block your body uses for energy and cell signaling, and a prescription injectable version is used by doctors to treat...

Peak ATP Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Methacrylic Acid, Vegetable Cellulose, Silica, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate, Glyceryl Triacetate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid by Solgar Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
496Drugs
2 Major 376 Moderate 118 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Alpha Lipoic Acid 263
Sodium 205
Peak ATP Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium 47

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid interact with 496 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Alpha Lipoic Acid Sodium Peak ATP Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Alpha Lipoic Acid5 drug types · 263 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of alpha-lipoic acid might alter the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
The use of antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid during chemotherapy is controversial. There are concerns that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using alpha-lipoic acid.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, alpha-lipoic acid inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antitumor Antibiotics

Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of alpha-lipoic acid might alter the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
The use of antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid during chemotherapy is controversial. There are concerns that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs, which work by generating free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using alpha-lipoic acid.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid might decrease the effects of thyroid hormone drugs.
Animal research suggests that co-administration of thyroxine with alpha-lipoic acid reduces conversion into the active T3 form.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking alpha-lipoic acid with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Although some small clinical studies have suggested that alpha-lipoic acid can lower blood glucose levels, larger clinical studies in patients with diabetes have shown no clinically meaningful effect. Additionally, co-administration of single doses of alpha-lipoic acid and glyburide or acarbose did not cause detectable drug interactions in healthy volunteers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Alpha Lipoic Acid full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Peak ATP Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium3 drug types · 47 drugs

Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Dipyridamole can increase the therapeutic and toxic effects of adenosine.
Dipyridamole decreases the metabolism of adenosine. Intravenous infusion of adenosine in patients who are taking dipyridamole can cause dizziness, bradycardia, and syncope. Dipyridamole should be discontinued for several days prior to a cardiac stress test using adenosine.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Carbamazepine might increase the risk of heart block when used concomitantly with adenosine.
Carbamazepine and adenosine can both cause heart block. Giving them concurrently might produce an additive effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Methylxanthines

Methylxanthines are competitive antagonists of adenosine and can block its pharmacologic effects.
The methylxanthines, aminophylline, caffeine, and theophylline, can block the effects of adenosine by acting as competitive antagonists at adenosine cell surface receptors. It is recommended that methylxanthines be avoided for 24 hours prior to cardiac stress tests.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Peak ATP Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid, from the product label.

Solgar

See all Solgar products
Name
Solgar Vitamin and Herb
City
Leonia
State
N.J.
ZipCode
07605
Phone Number
1-877-765-4274
Web Address
www.solgar.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid by Solgar: Common Questions

Does Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid by Solgar interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid has a known interaction with 496 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this lower my blood sugar?
Alpha-lipoic acid may lower blood glucose levels. If you take diabetes medication, there's a Minor interaction risk—the combination might push your blood sugar too low. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product if you're on diabetes drugs.
Can I take this if I'm on thyroid medication?
Alpha-lipoic acid may decrease how well thyroid hormone drugs work. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before combining them, especially if your thyroid levels are already carefully balanced.
Is there a lot of sodium in this?
Yes—sodium is one of the three active ingredients. If you have high blood pressure, take blood pressure medication, or take lithium, the extra sodium could be a problem. Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether this product is right for you.
What side effects might I get from alpha-lipoic acid?
The most common are headache, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Rash and itching have also been reported. Most people tolerate it well, but if you notice any of these, stop and talk to your pharmacist.
Is this safe during pregnancy?
No. Alpha-lipoic acid and adenosine safety data in pregnancy are not well established, and the evidence advises against use. Talk to your doctor or midwife about what's safe for you during pregnancy.
What is Peak ATP and what does it do?
Peak ATP is adenosine triphosphate, a molecule your cells use for energy. The prescription injectable form is proven effective for treating a specific heart rhythm problem and for heart testing. As an oral supplement here, safety and effectiveness evidence is limited.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Alpha-lipoic Acid

Interacts with 263 drugs

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant made naturally by the body and found in small amounts in foods. It is most studied for diabetic nerve pain, where some evidence suggests it may help...

Read the full Alpha-lipoic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Adenosine

Interacts with 47 drugs

Adenosine is a natural building block your body uses for energy and cell signaling, and a prescription injectable version is used by doctors to treat certain fast heart rhythms. As an over-t...

Read the full Adenosine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Peak ATP with Alpha Lipoic Acid's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 96 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
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Alpha-lipoic Acid 48 references
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Adenosine 10 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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