Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

SynerG Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler

SynerG label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking SynerG against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

SynerG is a dietary supplement by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for osteoarthritis, joint pain and stiffness, cartilage support.Based on those ingredients, 575 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are ParActin, GreenGrown. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against SynerG by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with SynerG by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of SynerG by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

SynerG contains 4 active ingredients: glucosamine (branded as GreenGrown), andrographis (ParActin), FruiteX-B Calcium Fructoborate, and OptiMSM. Glucosamine is a building block for cartilage and joints.

Andrographis is a plant extract traditionally used for inflammation and immune support. The product also contains inactive ingredients — hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, and magnesium stearate — which are standard capsule binders and fillers.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Support joint cartilage and natural anti-inflammation.
  • We looked for evidence on: Joint pain, Knee pain, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Back pain, Cartilage health — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Glucosamine is rated "Likely Effective" for Osteoarthritis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Andrographis is rated "Possibly Effective" for Osteoarthritis.
  • Also on file: Glucosamine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Back pain, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Joint pain, Knee pain.

Glucosamine is likely effective for osteoarthritis, but evidence is insufficient to rate it for aging skin, back pain, cancer, or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). Andrographis is possibly effective for ulcerative colitis, tonsillopharyngitis (sore throat), and osteoarthritis, but evidence is insufficient for familial Mediterranean fever.

The product combines these two, so its overall benefit depends on which condition you're targeting and the strength of evidence for each.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Glucosamine Andrographis

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Glucosamine taken by mouth is generally well tolerated, though some people report bloating, constipation, cramps, diarrhea, heartburn, or nausea. Rare serious adverse effects and allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis in 1.5% of reported hypersensitivity cases) have been reported; asthma flare-ups have also been noted.

Andrographis is often well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety isn't well established. Common side effects include abdominal discomfort, altered taste, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea, and rash — especially at higher doses or beyond 14 days.

Rare serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported. Avoid this product during pregnancy; the safety data advises against it for both ingredients.

Not enough is known about safety while breastfeeding, so avoid unless your doctor advises otherwise.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Glucosamine Andrographis

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Glucosamine, Andrographis.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 575 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you start SynerG, double-check if you take warfarin or other blood thinners (Major interaction with glucosamine) — bleeding risk goes up. Check for blood pressure medications, other blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, and immunosuppressants (Moderate interactions with andrographis).

Also flag cancer drugs like etoposide or doxorubicin (Moderate with glucosamine) and diabetes or cholesterol medications. Use the search tool on this page to verify your exact drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

SynerG may help with osteoarthritis and joint support, but you'll need to check your medications first — it has documented interactions with blood thinners (especially warfarin), blood pressure drugs, cancer medications, and immunosuppressants. If you take any prescription medications, run them through the checker below before starting.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor to make sure it's right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about SynerG, straight from the product label.

Brand Advanced Nutrition by Zahler
Barcode (UPC) 848998081447
Net contents 120 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 23, 2022
DSLD ID 260332
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for SynerG by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
848998081447
IngredientAmount% DV
FruiteX-B Calcium Fructoborate216 mg--
OptiMSM800 mg--
GreenGrown1.5 Gram(s)--
ParActin300 mg--

Other ingredients: Hypromellose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Advanced Glucosamine Sulfate Zahler's SynerG includes Glucosamine which helps support the body's natural regeneration of healthy joint cartilage. The other ingredients in SynerG are commonly used to support the body's natural anti-inflammatory process after strenuous exercise.

Kosher Pareve Under the strict supervision of Rabbi SH. Stern & the orthodox union

General Statements

You may need additional supplements to support a healthy diet; consult your nutritionist for a formula that is right for you or contact us at 877-ASK-ZAHLER (877-275-9245) or [email protected].

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.

If pregnant, breastfeeding or on medication, consult with your healthcare practitioner.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

D (Dairy Kosher) OU (Kosher) This product was manufactured in a GMP certified Facility

Manufactured in the USA

Formulation

Soy free Dairy free

Supports healthy joint cartilage regeneration Bone & joint

Storage

Store tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 4 capsules daily; preferably 2 capsules twice a day with meals or as directed by a healthcare professional.

Brand IP Statement(s)

GreenGrown is a registered trademark of Ethical Naturals. ParActin is a registered trademark of HP Ingredients. FruiteX-B is a registered trademark of Futureceuticals. OptiMSM is a registered trademark of Bergstrom Nutrition.

Feel better, everyday.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

SynerG by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

SynerG label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in SynerG by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

FruiteX-B Calcium Fructoborate

216 mg per serving

OptiMSM

800 mg per serving

GreenGrown

Interacts with
170 drugs
1.5 Gram(s) per serving Form: Glucosamine Sulfate Potassium Salt

Glucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of...

GreenGrown monograph & interactions

ParActin

Interacts with
413 drugs
300 mg per serving Form: Andrographis Extract

Andrographis is a bitter Asian herb traditionally used for colds, flu, and infections, and some studies suggest it may ease cold symptoms and shorten...

ParActin monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

SynerG by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against SynerG?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
575Drugs
2 Major 419 Moderate 154 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

ParActin 413
GreenGrown 170

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in SynerG interact with 575 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 4 ingredients in SynerG interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. ParActin GreenGrown

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in SynerG with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

ParActin6 drug types · 413 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal and laboratory studies suggest that andrographis has antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that andrographis has hypotensive effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, andrographis might interfere with the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that andrographolide has immunostimulant activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Theoretically, andrographis extract might increase the maximum concentration and time to peak concentration of celecoxib. The clinical significance of these changes is unclear.
Animal research suggests that andrographis extract taken orally increases the maximum concentration and time to peak concentration of celecoxib but does not appear to impact the area under the curve.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Etoricoxib (Arcoxia)

Theoretically, andrographis might decrease the absorption of etoricoxib, although the clinical significance is unclear.
Animal research shows that andrographis extract, or the constituent andrographolide, taken orally with etoricoxib decreases the bioavailability of etoricoxib. However, this reduced bioavailability is not correlated with a reduction in the anti-inflammatory effects of etoricoxib in arthritic mice models. The clinical significance of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Glipizide (Glucotrol)

Theoretically, andrographis extract might increase the maximum concentration and area under the curve of glipizide; however, opposite effects are seen with the constituent, andrographolide. The clinical significance of this interaction is unclear.
Animal research suggests that andrographis extract taken orally with glipizide in diabetes-induced rats increases the maximum concentration and area under the curve of glipizide. However, the opposite effect is seen with the constituent, andrographolide, in which the maximum concentration and area under the curve are decreased when taken with glipizide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
ParActin full monograph & interactions

GreenGrown4 drug types · 170 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. In one case, the increase in INR occurred only after tripling the dose of a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement from 500 mg/400 mg daily to 1500/1200 mg daily. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone to increased INR in patients taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear. Glucosamine is a small component of heparin, but is not thought to have anticoagulant activity; however, animal research suggests that it might have antiplatelet activity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Topoisomerase Ii Inhibitors

Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
In vitro research suggests that glucosamine might induce resistance to etoposide (VP16, VePesid) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by reducing inhibition of topoisomerase II, an enzyme required for DNA replication in tumor cells. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)

Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Anecdotal reports suggest that adding glucosamine to an acetaminophen regimen might decrease pain control in patients with osteoarthritis. Some research suggests that the sulfate portion of glucosamine sulfate might contribute to its effect in osteoarthritis. Since acetaminophen metabolism requires sulfur and reduces serum sulfate concentrations, acetaminophen could theoretically interfere with the action of glucosamine sulfate. Conversely, the administration of sulfate could theoretically decrease the effectiveness of acetaminophen in sulfate-deficient people by increasing its clearance.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research has suggested that glucosamine might increase insulin resistance or decrease insulin production. This has raised concerns that taking glucosamine might worsen diabetes and decrease the effectiveness of diabetes drugs. However, clinical research suggests that glucosamine does not have adverse effects on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in healthy, obese, or type 2 diabetes patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
GreenGrown full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for SynerG, from the product label.

Advanced Nutrition by Zahler

See all Advanced Nutrition by Zahler products
Name
Advanced Nutrition by Zahler
City
Brooklyn
State
NY
ZipCode
11230
Phone Number
877-275-9245
Web Address
www.zahlers.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

SynerG by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler: Common Questions

Does SynerG by Advanced Nutrition by Zahler interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, SynerG has a known interaction with 575 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
SynerG contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is glucosamine in SynerG safe if I take warfarin?
No — this is a Major interaction. Glucosamine can increase warfarin's blood-thinning effects and raise your risk of bruising and bleeding. Two case reports showed significant increases in INR (a blood-thinning measure) when people took glucosamine-chondroitin with warfarin. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking SynerG if you're on warfarin.
Can I take SynerG while pregnant or breastfeeding?
No, the safety data advises against it during pregnancy for both glucosamine and andrographis. For breastfeeding, there isn't enough safety information, so avoid it unless your doctor advises otherwise. Talk with your doctor before taking this product if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
What side effects might I get from SynerG?
From glucosamine, the most common are bloating, constipation, cramps, diarrhea, heartburn, and nausea. From andrographis, you might experience abdominal discomfort, altered taste, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea, and rash — especially at higher doses or if you take it longer than 14 days. Rare allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported with both.
Does SynerG actually work for arthritis?
Glucosamine is likely effective for osteoarthritis specifically. Andrographis is possibly effective for osteoarthritis too. However, evidence varies by person, and results aren't guaranteed — quality and benefit of products like this can differ. Your pharmacist can help you figure out if it's worth trying for your situation.
What are FruiteX-B and OptiMSM in this product?
FruiteX-B is a calcium fructoborate, and OptiMSM is methylsulfonylmethane — both are ingredients used for joint and connective-tissue support. We don't have interaction data for either one, so we can't tell you if they interact with your medications. Always check your full medication list with your pharmacist.
Do I need to worry about blood pressure or blood thinners with this?
Yes — andrographis may lower blood pressure and increase bleeding risk when combined with blood pressure medications, blood thinners, or antiplatelet drugs (Moderate interactions). If you take any of those, run them through the checker on this page or ask your pharmacist before starting SynerG.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

SynerG label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind SynerG’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Glucosamine

Interacts with 170 drugs

Glucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of the knee. The evidence is mixed, with so...

Read the full Glucosamine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Andrographis

Interacts with 413 drugs

Andrographis is a bitter Asian herb traditionally used for colds, flu, and infections, and some studies suggest it may ease cold symptoms and shorten how long they last. The evidence is limi...

Read the full Andrographis monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

SynerG's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 84 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glucosamine 58 references
  1. Adams ME. Hype about glucosamine. Lancet 1999;354:353-4. PubMed
  2. Balkan B, Dunning BE. Glucosamine inhibits glucokinase in vitro and produces a glucose-specific impairment of in vivo insulin secretion in rats. Diabetes 1994;43:1173-9. PubMed
  3. Giaccari A, Morviducci L, Zorretta D, et al. In vivo effects of glucosamine on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in the rat: possible relevance to the maladaptive responses to chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetologia 1995;38:518-24. PubMed
  4. Holmang A, Nilsson C, Niklasson M, et al. Induction of insulin resistance by glucosamine reduces blood flow but not interstitial levels of either glucose or insulin. Diabetes 1999;48:106-11. PubMed
  5. Houpt JB, McMillan R, Wein C, Paget-Dellio SD. Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2423-30.
  6. Barclay TS, Tsourounis C, McCart GM. Glucosamine. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:574-9.
  7. Shankar RR, Zhu JS, Baron AD. Glucosamine infusion in rats mimics the beta-cell dysfunction of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1998;47:573-7.
  8. Almada A, Harvey P, Platt K. Effects of chronic oral glucosamine sulfate on fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI) in non-diabetic individuals. FASEB J 2000;14:A750.
  9. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:251-6.
  10. Does glucosamine increase serum lipid levels and blood pressure? Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2001;17(11):171115.
  11. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  12. Monauni T, Zenti MG, Cretti A, et al. Effects of glucosamine infusion on insulin secretion and insulin action in humans. Diabetes 2000;49:926-35. PubMed
  13. Pouwels MJ, Jacobs JR, Span PN, et al. Short-term glucosamine infusion does not affect insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2099-103. DOI
  14. Yun J, Tomida A, Nagata K, Tsuruo T. Glucose-regulated stresses confer resistance to VP-16 in human cancer cells through a decreased expression of DNA topoisomerase II. Oncol Res 1995;7:583-90.
  15. Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M, et al. Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: A 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2113-23. PubMed
  16. Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Asthma exacerbation associated with glucosamine-chondroitin supplement. J Am Board Fam Pract 2002;15:481-4..
  17. Scroggie DA, Albright A, Harris MD. The effect of glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2003; PubMed
  18. Hoffer LJ, Kaplan LN, Hamadeh MJ, et al. Sulfate could mediate the therapeutic effect of glucosamine sulfate. Metabolism 2001;50:767-70.. PubMed
  19. Yu JG, Boies SM, Olefsky JM. The effect of oral glucosamine sulfate on insulin sensitivity in human subjects. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1941-2. PubMed
  20. Danao-Camara T. Potential side effects of treatment with glucosamine and chondroitin. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:2853. PubMed
  21. Guillaume MP, Peretz A. Possible association between glucosamine treatment and renal toxicity: comment on the letter by Danao-Camara. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2943-4. PubMed
  22. Rozenfeld V, Crain JL, Callahan AK. Possible augmentation of warfarin effect by glucosamine-chondroitin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:306-307. PubMed
  23. Tannis AJ, Barban J, Conquer JA. Effect of glucosamine supplementation on fasting and non-fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy individuals. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004;12:506-11. PubMed
  24. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  25. Stumpf JL, Lin SW. Effect of glucosamine on glucose control. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:694-8. PubMed
  26. Pham T, Cornea A, Blick KE, et al. Oral glucosamine in doses used to treat osteoarthritis worsens insulin resistance. Am J Med Sci 2007;333:333-9. PubMed
  27. Muniyappa R, Karne RJ, Hall G, et al. Oral glucosamine for 6 weeks at standard doses does not cause or worsen insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction in lean or obese subjects. Diabetes 2006;55:3142-50. PubMed
  28. Knudsen J, Sokol GH. Potential glucosamine-warfarin interaction resulting in increased international normalized ratio: Case report and review of the literature and MedWatch database. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:540-8. PubMed
  29. Yue QY, Strandell J, Myrberg O. Concomitant use of glucosamine potentiates the effect of warfarin. Jan 2006. Drug Safety 29(10):911-1010. DOI
  30. Rozendaal RM, Koes BW, van Osch GJVM, et al. Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:268-77. PubMed
  31. Baron AD, Zhu JS, Zhu JH, et al. Glucosamine induces insulin resistance in vivo by affecting GLUT 4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Implications for glucose toxicity. J Clin Invest 1995;96(6):2792-801. PubMed
  32. Nelson BA, Robinson KA, Buse MG. High glucose and glucosamine induce insulin resistance via different mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes 2000;49(6):981-91. PubMed
  33. Giordano N, Fioravanti A, Papakostas P, et al. The efficacy and tolerability of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2009;70(3):185-196. PubMed
  34. Shaygannejad, V., Janghorbani, M., Savoj, M. R., and Ashtari, F. Effects of adjunct glucosamine sulfate on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis progression: preliminary findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurol Res 2010;32(9):981-985. PubMed
  35. Cahlin, B. J. and Dahlstrom, L. No effect of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joints--a randomized, controlled, short-term study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;112(6):760-766. PubMed
  36. Cerda C, Bruguera M, Parés A. Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(32):5381-4. PubMed
  37. Hochberg MC, Martel-Pelletier J, Monfort J, Möller I, Castillo JR, Arden N,Berenbaum F, Blanco FJ, Conaghan PG, Doménech G, Henrotin Y, Pap T, Richette P, Sawitzke A, du Souich P, Pelletier JP; on behalf of the MOVES Investigation Group. Combined chondroi
  38. von Felden J, Montani M, Kessebohm K, Stickel F. Drug-induced acute liver injury mimicking autoimmune hepatitis after intake of dietary supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013;51(3):219-23. PubMed
  39. Provenza JR, Shinjo SK, Silva JM, Peron CR, Rocha FA. Combined glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, once or three times daily, provides clinically relevant analgesia in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2015;34:1455-62. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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