Toco-9 Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Toco-9 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Toco-9 is a dietary supplement by Iconic Formulations with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for eye and vision health, skin health and acne, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 1,247 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin E, Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) hydroalcoholic extract, Vitamin A. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Toco-9 by Iconic Formulations
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Toco-9 by Iconic Formulations — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Toco-9 by Iconic Formulations
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Partial disclosure
Toco-9 contains 6 active ingredients. Coenzyme Q10, vitamin A, vitamin E, and tocochromanols (a form of vitamin E related to tocotrienols) are antioxidants that support cellular health.
Red palm oil and sesame seed extract contribute additional plant-based compounds, including carotenoids (which we could not fully assess). The product also contains hypromellose, an inactive ingredient that forms the capsule shell.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
Evidence for these ingredients comes in mixed strengths. Coenzyme Q10 is likely effective for CoQ10 deficiency and possibly effective for fibromyalgia, migraines, heart failure, and diabetic nerve pain.
Vitamin A is effective for vitamin A deficiency and possibly effective for aging skin, measles, and certain inflammatory conditions. Vitamin E is effective for vitamin E deficiency and possibly effective for Alzheimer disease and certain blood disorders.
Tocochromanols are possibly effective for diabetes but possibly ineffective for high cholesterol; evidence is insufficient for breast cancer and hair loss. Sesame seed is possibly effective for high blood pressure but possibly ineffective for cough.
We hold no effectiveness data for red palm oil or carotenoids in this product.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Coenzyme Q10 is generally well tolerated; rare side effects include gastrointestinal upset (less than 1% of users), headache, dizziness, insomnia, and rarely skin itching or rash. Vitamin A is safe at recommended amounts but can build up in your body and cause toxicity at high doses—avoid high-dose supplements during pregnancy because they can cause birth defects.
Vitamin E is well tolerated at usual amounts, though high doses increase bleeding risk and may raise the chance of stroke; amounts from food and prenatal vitamins are fine, but avoid high-dose supplements while pregnant or breastfeeding without doctor approval. Tocochromanols appear well tolerated orally with no reported adverse effects in trials, but should be avoided during pregnancy due to insufficient safety data; safety while breastfeeding is unknown.
Sesame is a major allergen—allergic reactions (skin reactions, breathing problems, anaphylaxis) have been reported, and the product contains sesame seed extract. Normal dietary sesame amounts are generally safe, but concentrated supplements are less studied.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Check with your pharmacist before using Toco-9 if you take retinoid drugs (Major interaction with vitamin A), blood thinners or antiplatelet agents (Moderate with vitamin A, E, and tocochromanols), chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals like cyclophosphamide (Moderate with vitamin A and E), tetracycline antibiotics (Moderate with vitamin A), blood-pressure medications (Moderate with sesame, minor with CoQ10), diabetes drugs (Moderate with sesame), liver-toxic drugs (Moderate with vitamin A), certain heart or transplant drugs like cyclosporine (Moderate with vitamin E), CYP3A4-metabolized drugs (Moderate with vitamin E), or CYP2C9-metabolized drugs (Moderate with sesame). No interactions are documented for the carotenoids in this product.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Toco-9 is an antioxidant supplement that may suit people with specific nutrient deficiencies or those interested in general cellular support—but it's not for everyone. If you take a blood thinner, retinoid acne medication, chemotherapy, diabetes or blood-pressure medication, or any drug your liver processes heavily, talk to your pharmacist before starting.
If you have a sesame allergy, skip this product entirely.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 23, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Toco-9, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Iconic Formulations |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 604776380535 |
| Net contents | 60 Vegetarian Liquid Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jul 23, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 229371 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Toco-9 by Iconic Formulations, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 5 Calorie(s) | -- |
| Total Fat | 0.5 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Coenzyme Q10 | 0 NP | -- |
| Vitamin A | 3960 mcg | 440% |
| Vitamin E | 30 mg | 200% |
| Red Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) vacuum distillation extract | 970 mg | -- |
| Tocochromanols | 160 mg | -- |
| Carotenoids | 30 mg | -- |
| Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) hydroalcoholic extract | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Hypromellose
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions
Tamper-evident safety seal For your safety, look for this logo on the shrink band.
Do not exceed the recommended dose.
Formula
Wildlife friendly Malaysian Palm
Palm extract from ExcelVite.
Palm Fruit Phytonutrient Complex
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
As a food supplement, take 1-2 capsules daily with food.
Formulation
Pesticide free Non GMO natural product
Vegan
Clinically effective antioxidant support Clinically effective dose
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Storage
Protect product form light. Store below 26 degrees Celsius (78 degrees Fahrenheit).
General Statements
Oxygen absorber Maximum freshness
FDA Statement of Identity
Phytonutrient Supplement
Seals/Symbols
Tamper-evident safety seal
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Toco-9 by Iconic Formulations label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Toco-9 by Iconic Formulations
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Vitamin A
Interacts with387 drugs
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...
Vitamin A monograph & interactionsVitamin E
Interacts with764 drugs
Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correc...
Vitamin E monograph & interactionsRed Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) vacuum distillation extract
Interacts with122 drugs
Palm oil is a widely used edible oil pressed from the fruit of the oil palm tree, and red palm oil is a notable source of vitamin A and vitamin E comp...
Red Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) vacuum distillation extract monograph & interactions- › Coenzyme Q10
- › Tocochromanols
- › Carotenoids
Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) hydroalcoholic extract
Interacts with528 drugs
Sesame is a nutritious seed and oil widely used in cooking and traditional medicine, and it provides healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidant compounds ca...
Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) hydroalcoholic extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Toco-9 by Iconic Formulations Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Toco-9 by Iconic Formulations contains several ingredients with documented interactions with medications.
The most serious concern is vitamin A with retinoid drugs (acne medications like isotretinoin, tretinoin, adapalene)—these can combine to cause vitamin A toxicity. Vitamin A also interacts moderately with blood thinners like warfarin, hepatotoxic drugs, and tetracycline antibiotics; high doses of vitamin A can increase bleeding risk or raise the chance of a serious brain condition called pseudotumor cerebri when combined with tetracyclines.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Vitamin E carries moderate interactions with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (aspirin, clopidogrel), chemotherapy drugs that work by generating free radicals (alkylating agents and antitumor antibiotics), certain heart and transplant medications (cyclosporine), a blood pressure-lowering drug (selumetinib), and drugs processed by CYP3A4 in your liver. Sesame seed extract in this product may lower blood pressure or blood sugar more than intended if you're already taking drugs for those conditions, and it theoretically could affect how your body processes certain blood-pressure and diabetes medications.
Coenzyme Q10 interacts moderately with some chemotherapy drugs and warfarin, and mildly with blood-pressure medications. Tocochromanols carry a minor interaction with blood thinners and antiplatelet agents.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,226 individual medications.
We could not check carotenoids against medication data. If you take any prescription medication, run your exact drugs through the search tool on this page before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Toco-9?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Toco-9 interact with 1,247 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 4 ingredients in Toco-9 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin E Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) hydroalcoholic extract Vitamin A Red Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) vacuum distillation extract
AcitretinSoriatane
How Acitretin interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acitretin interactionAlitretinoinPanretin
How Alitretinoin interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Alitretinoin interactionBexaroteneTargretin
How Bexarotene interacts with Toco-9 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Bexarotene interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Bexarotene interactionHalobetasol Propionate,tazaroteneDuobrii
How Halobetasol Propionate,tazarotene interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Halobetasol Propionate,tazarotene interactionIsotretinoinAbsorica, Accutane, Amnesteem, Claravis, Roaccutane, Sotret
How Isotretinoin interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Isotretinoin interactionTazaroteneArazlo, Avage, Fabior, Tazorotene, Zorac
How Tazarotene interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Tazarotene interactionTretinoinAltreno, Renova, Retin-A, Vesanoid
How Tretinoin interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Tretinoin interactionTretinoin, Benzoyl PeroxideTwyneo
How Tretinoin, Benzoyl Peroxide interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Tretinoin, Benzoyl Peroxide interactionEtretinateTegison
How Etretinate interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Etretinate interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Toco-9 — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Red Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Red Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation Extract + Abciximab interactionVitamin EAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Vitamin E + Abciximab interactionTocochromanolsAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocochromanols + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Toco-9 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Abiraterone interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Toco-9 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Abiraterone Acetate interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Toco-9 — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin EAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Vitamin E + Abrocitinib interactionSesame Seed (sesamum Indicum L.) Hydroalcoholic ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sesame might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Sesame Seed (sesamum Indicum L.) Hydroalcoholic Extract + Abrocitinib interactionRed Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Red Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation Extract + Abrocitinib interactionTocochromanolsAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocochromanols + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Toco-9 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acalabrutinib interactionSesame Seed (sesamum Indicum L.) Hydroalcoholic ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, sesame might alter the transport of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Sesame Seed (sesamum Indicum L.) Hydroalcoholic Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Toco-9 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Sesame Seed (sesamum Indicum L.) Hydroalcoholic ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking sesame oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Sesame Seed (sesamum Indicum L.) Hydroalcoholic Extract + Acarbose interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Toco-9 — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acebutolol interactionSesame Seed (sesamum Indicum L.) Hydroalcoholic ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Taking sesame oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Sesame Seed (sesamum Indicum L.) Hydroalcoholic Extract + Acebutolol interactionCoenzyme Q10Antihypertensive Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Coenzyme Q10 + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Toco-9 — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Red Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Red Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionVitamin EAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acenocoumarol interactionTocochromanolsAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocochromanols + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Toco-9 — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionRed Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Red Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionVitamin EAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionTocochromanolsAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocochromanols + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Toco-9 — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin EAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionRed Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Red Palm Oil (elaeis Guineensis) Vacuum Distillation Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionTocochromanolsAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocochromanols + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Toco-9 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Toco-9 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Toco-9 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Toco-9 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Vitamin E
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Vitamin E seems to inhibit of platelet aggregation and antagonize the effects of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. These effects appear to be dose-dependent, and are probably only likely to be clinically significant with doses of at least 800 units daily. Mixed tocopherols, such as those found in food, might have a greater antiplatelet effect than alpha-tocopherol. RRR alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 1000 IU daily antagonizes vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Advise patients to avoid high doses of vitamin E, especially in people with low vitamin K intake or other risk factors for bleeding.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs such as doxorubicin, which generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
A specific form of vitamin E might increase absorption and levels of cyclosporine.
There is some evidence that one specific formulation of vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl-polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, TPGS, tocophersolan, Liqui-E) might increase absorption of cyclosporine. This vitamin E formulation forms micelles which seems to increase absorption of cyclosporine by 40% to 72% in some patients. However, this interaction is unlikely to occur with the usual forms of vitamin E.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Vitamin E appears to bind with the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), which results in increased expression of CYP3A4. Although the clinical significance of this is not known, use caution when considering concomitant use of vitamin E and other drugs affected by these enzymes.
Selumetinib (Koselugo)
Taking selumetinib with vitamin E can result in a total daily dose of vitamin E that exceeds safe limits and therefore might increase the risk of bleeding.
Selumetinib contains 48-54 IU vitamin E per capsule. The increased risk of bleeding with vitamin E appears to be dose-dependent. Be cautious when using selumetinib in combination with supplemental vitamin E, especially in patients at higher risk of bleed, such as those with chronic conditions and those taking antiplatelet drugs.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Using vitamin E with warfarin might increase the risk of bleeding.
Due to interference with production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, use of more than 400 IU of vitamin E daily with warfarin might increase prothrombin time (PT), INR, and the risk of bleeding,. At a dose of 1000 IU per day, vitamin E can antagonize vitamin K-dependent clotting factors even in people not taking warfarin. Limited clinical evidence suggests that doses up to 1200 IU daily may be used safely by patients taking warfarin, but this may not be applicable in all patient populations.
Niacin
Vitamin E might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50%. Vitamin E alone combined with a statin does not seem to decrease HDL levels. It is not known whether the adverse effect on HDL is due to one of the other antioxidants or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) hydroalcoholic extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Taking sesame oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical studies show that sesame oil can decrease plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Some clinical research in patients taking glibenclamide shows that using sesame oil or a blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil in place of other oil for cooking reduces plasma glucose more than glibenclamide alone. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Taking sesame oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research shows that replacing other cooking oil with sesame oil can lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in patients with or without hypertension. There is also some evidence that sesame oil has additive effects in patients also taking atenolol, nifedipine, and/or hydrochlorothiazide. In patients using nifedipine, using a blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil for cooking reduces both SBP and DBP more than nifedipine alone.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, sesame might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro, sesame inhibits CYP2C9. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, sesame might interfere with tamoxifen.
In animal research, sesame seed reduces the tumor-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen by reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, sesame might alter the transport of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research suggests that sesamin, a constituent of sesame, can inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Vitamin A
Retinoids
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.
Red Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) vacuum distillation extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, palm oil might decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
The palm olein constituent in palm oil seems to increase platelet aggregation.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Toco-9, from the product label.
Iconic Formulations
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- Iconic Formulations
- City
- San Diego
- State
- CA
- ZipCode
- 92121
- Phone Number
- 1-858-205-1315
Toco-9 by Iconic Formulations: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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The Full Monographs Behind Toco-9’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Vitamin A
Interacts with 387 drugsVitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...
Read the full Vitamin A monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin E
Interacts with 764 drugsVitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correct a true deficiency, but high-dose vitam...
Read the full Vitamin E monograph → Herb & supplement monographPalm Oil
Interacts with 122 drugsPalm oil is a widely used edible oil pressed from the fruit of the oil palm tree, and red palm oil is a notable source of vitamin A and vitamin E compounds called tocotrienols. As a food it...
Read the full Palm Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monographCoenzyme Q10
Interacts with 198 drugsCoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for heart condition...
Read the full Coenzyme Q10 monograph → Herb & supplement monographTocotrienols
Interacts with 122 drugsTocotrienols are a less common form of vitamin E with strong antioxidant activity studied mostly for cholesterol, liver, and heart health. Early research is interesting but far from conclusi...
Read the full Tocotrienols monograph → Herb & supplement monographSesame
Interacts with 528 drugsSesame is a nutritious seed and oil widely used in cooking and traditional medicine, and it provides healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidant compounds called lignans. Some early research sugges...
Read the full Sesame monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Toco-9's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 204 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Coenzyme Q10 40 references
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- Spigset O. Reduced effect of warfarin caused by ubidecarenone. Lancet 1994;334:1372-3. PubMed
- Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, et al. Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressures and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13:203-8. PubMed
- Portakal O, Ozkaya O, Erden Inal M, et al. Coenzyme Q10 concentrations and antioxidant status in tissues of breast cancer patients. Clin Biochem 2000;33:279-84. PubMed
- Lund EL, Quistorff B, Spang-Thomsen M, Kristjansen PE. Effect of radiation therapy on small-cell lung cancer is reduced by ubiquinone intake. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1998;43:505-6. PubMed
- Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen PH, Folkers K. Long-term efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1990;65:521-3. PubMed
- Heck AM, DeWitt BA, Lukes AL. Potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000;57:1221-7. DOI
- Landbo C, Almdal TP. [Interaction between warfarin and coenzyme Q10]. Ugeskr Laeger 1998;160:3226-7.
- Baggio E, Gandini R, Plauncher AC, et al. Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. CoQ10 Drug Surveillance Investigators. Mol Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:S287-94. PubMed
- Burke BE, Neuenschwander R, Olson RD. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in isolated systolic hypertension. South Med J 2001;94:1112-7. PubMed
- The Huntington Study Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 and remacemide in Huntington's disease. Neurology 2001;57:397-404.
- Hodgson JM, Watts GF, Playford DA, et al. Coenzyme Q10 improves blood pressure and glycaemic control: a controlled trial in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002;56:1137-42. PubMed
- Singh RB, Neki NS, Kartikey K, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2003;246:75-82. DOI
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- Digiesi V, Cantini F, Oradei A, et al. Coenzyme Q10 in essential hypertension. Mol Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s257-63. PubMed
- Yamagami T, Takagi M, Akagami H, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on essential hypertension, a double blind controlled study. In: Folkers KA, Yamamura Y, eds. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Vol. 5. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publications, 19
- Ho MJ, Bellusci A, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD007435. PubMed
- Rosenfeldt, F. L., Haas, S. J., Krum, H., Hadj, A., Ng, K., Leong, J. Y., and Watts, G. F. Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of the clinical trials. J Hum.Hypertens. 2007;21(4):297-306. PubMed
- Stamelou, M., Reuss, A., Pilatus, U., Magerkurth, J., Niklowitz, P., Eggert, K. M., Krisp, A., Menke, T., Schade-Brittinger, C., Oertel, W. H., and Hoglinger, G. U. Short-term effects of coenzyme Q10 in progressive supranuclear palsy: a randomized, place DOI
- Keogh A, Fenton S, Leslie C, et al. Randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q, therapy in class II and III systolic heart failure. Heart Lung Circ. 2003;12:135-41.
- Gane, E. J., Weilert, F., Orr, D. W., Keogh, G. F., Gibson, M., Lockhart, M. M., Frampton, C. M., Taylor, K. M., Smith, R. A., and Murphy, M. P. The mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant mitoquinone decreases liver damage in a phase II study of hepatitis C
- Lynch, D. R., Perlman, S. L., and Meier, T. A phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of idebenone in friedreich ataxia. Arch Neurol. 2010;67(8):941-947. PubMed
- Young, J. M., Florkowski, C. M., Molyneux, S. L., McEwan, R. G., Frampton, C. M., Nicholls, M. G., Scott, R. S., and George, P. M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of coenzyme Q10 therapy in hypertensive patients with the me
- Ishiyama, T., Morita, Y., Toyama, S., Yamagami, T., and Tsukamoto, N. A clinical study of the effect of coenzyme Q on congestive heart failure. Jpn.Heart J 1976;17(1):32-42. PubMed
- Matthews, P. M., Ford, B., Dandurand, R. J., Eidelman, D. H., O'Connor, D., Sherwin, A., Karpati, G., Andermann, F., and Arnold, D. L. Coenzyme Q10 with multiple vitamins is generally ineffective in treatment of mitochondrial disease. Neurology 1993;43(5
- Malm, C., Svensson, M., Sjoberg, B., Ekblom, B., and Sjodin, B. Supplementation with ubiquinone-10 causes cellular damage during intense exercise. Acta Physiol Scand. 1996;157(4):511-512. PubMed
- Singh, R. B., Wander, G. S., Rastogi, A., Shukla, P. K., Mittal, A., Sharma, J. P., Mehrotra, S. K., Kapoor, R., and Chopra, R. K. Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc. PubMed
- Digiesi V, Cantini F, and Brodbeck B. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on essential arterial hypertension. Current Therapeutic Research 1990;47(5):841-845.
- Parkinson Study Group QE3 Investigators, Beal MF, Oakes D, et al. A randomized clinical trial of high-dosage coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: no evidence of benefit. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(5):543-52.
- Alehagen U, Johansson P, Bjornstedt M, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: A 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citi
- Ho MJ, Li EC, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 3;3:CD007435. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007435.pub3. PubMed
- Tabrizi R, Akbari M, Sharifi N, Lankarani KB, Moosazadeh M, Kolahdooz F, et al. The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on blood pressures among patients with metabolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PubMed
- Tsai IC, Hsu CW, Chang CH, Tseng PT, Chang KV. Effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 supplementation for reducing fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:883251. PubMed
- Yaghini O, Hoseini N, Ghazavi MR, et al. A comparative study on the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 and amitriptyline in the prophylactic treatment of migraine headaches in children: A randomized controlled trial. Adv Biomed Res 2022;11:43. PubMed
- Hansen KS, Mogensen TH, Agergaard J, et al. High-dose coenzyme Q10 therapy versus placebo in patients with post COVID-19 condition: A randomized, phase 2, crossover trial. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022. PubMed
Vitamin A 31 references
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- Griffiths JK. The vitamin A paradox. J Pediatr 2000;137:604-7.. PubMed
- Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- FDA Talk Paper. Vitamin A and birth defects (T95-56). Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. October 6, 1995.
- Russell RM. The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:878-84. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Feskanich D, Singh V, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;287:47-54. PubMed
- Melhus H, Michaelsson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:770-8. PubMed
- Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med 2003;348:287-94.. PubMed
- Botterweck AA, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up. Cancer 2000;88:737-48.. DOI
- Meyskens FL Jr, Graham V, Chvapil M, et al. A phase I trial of beta-all-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge and a cervical cap for mild or moderate intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:921-5..
- Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183-202.. PubMed
- Walters BN, Gubbay SS. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension: report of five cases. Br Med J 1981;282:19-20.. PubMed
- Pearson MG, Littlewood SM, Bowden AN. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension (letter). Br Med J 1981;282:568-9.. PubMed
- Azais-Braesco V, Pascal G. Vitamin A in pregnancy: requirements and safety limits. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1325S-33S. PubMed
- Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
- Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., Gdalevich, M., and Mimouni, D. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2003;142(3):297-304. PubMed
- Mahalanabis, D., Lahiri, M., Paul, D., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Wahed, M. A., and Khaled, M. A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin A in infants and young children with severe acute l
- Long, K. Z., Montoya, Y., Hertzmark, E., Santos, J. I., and Rosado, J. L. A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mex
- Fritz, H., Kennedy, D., Fergusson, D., Fernandes, R., Doucette, S., Cooley, K., Seely, A., Sagar, S., Wong, R., and Seely, D. Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS.One. 2011;6(6):e21107. PubMed
- Mayo-Wilson, E., Imdad, A., Herzer, K., Yakoob, M. Y., and Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;343:d5094. PubMed
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- Haider BA, Sharma R, Bhutta ZA. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD006980. PubMed
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Vitamin E 64 references
- Kim JM, White RH. Effect of vitamin E on the anticoagulant response to warfarin. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:545-6. PubMed
- Corrigan JJ Jr. The effect of vitamin E on warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;393:361-8. PubMed
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- Chang T, Benet LZ, Hebert MF. The effect of water-soluble vitamin E on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:297-303. PubMed
- Pan SH, Lopez RR Jr, Sher LS, et al. Enhanced oral cyclosporine absorption with water-soluble vitamin E early after liver transplantation. Pharmacother 1996;16:59-65. DOI
- Anon. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Soprawivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999;354:447-55. DOI
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- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
- Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
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- Celestini A, Pulcinelli FM, Pignatelli P, et al. Vitamin E potentiates the antiplatelet activity of aspirin in collagen-stimulated platelets. Haematologica 2002;87:420-6.
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