Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Integrative Therapeutics

Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored label
See full label image
Gummy Or Jelly Category: Single Vitamin And Mineral
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored is a dietary supplement by Integrative Therapeutics with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 821 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin D3, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored by Integrative Therapeutics

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored by Integrative Therapeutics — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored by Integrative Therapeutics

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This gummy contains two active ingredients: sodium and vitamin D3. Sodium is an electrolyte your body needs in small amounts, but this product is a supplemental source — something to be careful about if you're already getting plenty from food or taking other sodium-containing medications.

Vitamin D3 is the active form of vitamin D your body can use right away, and it plays a role in bone health, calcium absorption, and immune function. The rest of the ingredients are inactive — glucose syrup, sucrose, pectin, citric acid, sodium citrate, flavorings, oils, and wax — they're there to make the gummy taste good and hold its shape.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Vitamin D cell defense support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Muscle strength, Fall prevention, Fractures, Osteomalacia, Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, Hyperparathyroidism-related bone loss — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Vitamin D is rated "Effective" for Osteomalacia (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitamin D is rated "Effective" for Vitamin D deficiency.
  • Also on file: Vitamin D is rated "Likely Effective" for Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis.

The data we hold shows vitamin D3 is effective for familial hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, rickets, and hypoparathyroidism — these are specific vitamin D deficiency or absorption disorders. Sodium's effectiveness ratings in our data are for cystic fibrosis (likely effective), amphotericin B nephrotoxicity (possibly effective), bipolar disorder, and congestive heart failure (both insufficient evidence).

This product isn't marketed for those sodium-related uses, so talk with your pharmacist about what you're actually taking it for.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Vitamin D

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin D3 is generally well tolerated at recommended doses, though very high doses over time can build up and cause toxicity — symptoms include high blood calcium levels, bone loss, and vision changes. Sodium is safe at normal dietary amounts, but excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney problems.

The safety notes on file warn against sodium supplements or very high intake without medical guidance. There's limited pregnancy and lactation data for vitamin D3 in our facts — talk with your doctor if you're pregnant or nursing before starting any new supplement.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Vitamin D

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin D, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 822 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this, check whether you're on blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), corticosteroids, lithium, heart rhythm drugs like verapamil or digoxin, the statin atorvastatin, thiazide diuretics, or any other sodium-containing medicines. These all carry Moderate-severity interactions with one or both active ingredients.

Your pharmacist can run your exact medications through the checker on this page.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you're taking blood pressure medications, corticosteroids, lithium, certain heart drugs, or any sodium-containing medicine, you need to check your specific medications with the tool on this page before starting this product. Even at recommended doses, the sodium and vitamin D combination here interacts with a large number of drugs.

Talk to your pharmacist about whether this product fits your regimen.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 22, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored, straight from the product label.

Brand Integrative Therapeutics
Barcode (UPC) 871791110274
Net contents 120 Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 22, 2021
DSLD ID 242328
Product type Single Vitamin And Mineral
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored by Integrative Therapeutics, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Gummy(ies), 2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Gummy(ies), 2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
871791110274
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories10 Calories, 15 Calories--
Total Carbohydrates2 Gram(s), 4 Gram(s)1%, 1%
Sodium5 mg, 10 mg1%, 1%
Vitamin D325 mcg, 50 mcg125%, 250%
Added Sugars1 Gram(s), 3 Gram(s)2%, 6%
Total Sugars1 Gram(s), 3 Gram(s)--

Other ingredients: Glucose Syrup, Sucrose, purified Water, Pectin, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Natural flavors, Coconut Oil, Annatto extract, Black Elder, Carnauba wax

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

For more information, please visit integrativepro.com.

Servings per Container Ages 4-17 1 gummy Adults 2 gummies

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal under child-resistant bottle cap is broken or missing.

Not formulated for children under 4 years of age.

Caution: If you are pregnant, nursing, have a kidney disorder, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, or are taking any prescription drugs, consult your healthcare professional prior to use.

Storage

Keep bottle tightly closed. Store at room temperature. Avoid excessive heat and direct sunlight.

Seals/Symbols

"Quality Global Sourcing Bottled & Tested In The USA"

Formulation

Contains no wheat, gluten, or dairy products.

Immune support

Brand IP Statement(s)

Copyrigtht 2020 Distributed by Integrative Therapeutics, LLC.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommendation: Adults chew 2 gummies daily. Children 4 years of age and older chew 1 gummy daily. Instruct children to chew gummies thoroughly before swallowing. Do not exceed recommended dose.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored by Integrative Therapeutics label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored by Integrative Therapeutics

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
5 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Vitamin D3

Interacts with
715 drugs
25 mcg per serving Form: Cholecalciferol

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...

Vitamin D3 monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Glucose Syrup, Sucrose, Purified Water, Pectin, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Natural flavors, Coconut Oil, Annatto extract, Black Elder, Carnauba wax. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored by Integrative Therapeutics Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
821Drugs
225 Moderate 596 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin D3 715
Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored interact with 821 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin D3 Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin D38 drug types · 715 drugs

Aluminum

Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Thiazide Diuretics

Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin D3 full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored, from the product label.

Integrative Therapeutics

See all Integrative Therapeutics products
Name
Integrative Therapeutics, LLC
City
Green Bay
State
WI
ZipCode
54311
Phone Number
800.931.1709
Web Address
integrativepro.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored by Integrative Therapeutics: Common Questions

Does Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored by Integrative Therapeutics interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored has a known interaction with 821 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is this product actually for?
This product contains vitamin D3 (which supports bone health and calcium absorption) and sodium (an electrolyte). The facts we hold show vitamin D3 is effective for specific bone and mineral disorders like rickets and osteomalacia, and sodium is used clinically for cystic fibrosis. If you're considering this for a different reason — like general vitamin D support — talk with your pharmacist about whether it's the right fit for your goal.
Is vitamin D3 safe during pregnancy?
The pregnancy and lactation data on file for vitamin D3 is empty, so we don't have specific safety information for pregnancy in our data. Vitamin D is often used during pregnancy at recommended amounts, but you should talk with your doctor or pharmacist about dosing before you take it if you're pregnant or nursing.
Why is there sodium in a vitamin D gummy?
Sodium citrate is listed as an inactive ingredient — it helps with the flavor and texture of the gummy. So while you're getting some sodium from this product, it's not the active ingredient; the vitamin D3 is. That said, if you're watching your sodium intake or taking medications sensitive to sodium, that's worth discussing with your pharmacist.
What happens if I take too much of this?
Very high doses of vitamin D over time can cause toxicity with symptoms like high blood calcium, bone loss, and vision changes. High sodium intake is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney problems. Stick to the dosing on the label and talk with your pharmacist if you're unsure whether your total sodium or vitamin D intake (from food, other supplements, and this product) is safe for you.
Can I take this with my cholesterol or heart medications?
Some heart and cholesterol drugs interact with vitamin D3 — atorvastatin, verapamil, diltiazem, and digoxin are on that list — and sodium interacts with blood pressure and heart rhythm medications too. Use the medication checker on this page with your exact drugs, or ask your pharmacist before you start.
Is this product safe to take every day?
That depends on your health, other medications, and how much sodium and vitamin D you're already getting from food and supplements. The safety notes on file say vitamin D is generally safe at recommended doses, and sodium is fine at normal dietary amounts — but avoid sodium supplements without medical advice. Your pharmacist can review your whole picture and tell you whether daily use is right for you.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin D

Interacts with 715 drugs

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...

Read the full Vitamin D monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Vitamin D Cell Defense Mixed Fruit Flavored's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 64 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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