Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Wild & Whole Krill Oil Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Barlean's

Wild & Whole Krill Oil label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Wild & Whole Krill Oil against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Wild & Whole Krill Oil is a dietary supplement by Barlean's with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for antioxidant support, skin health and aging, eye health.Based on those ingredients, 976 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Astaxanthin, Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat, 100% pure Superba Krill Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Wild & Whole Krill Oil by Barlean's

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Wild & Whole Krill Oil by Barlean's — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Wild & Whole Krill Oil by Barlean's

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Oct 1, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Wild & Whole Krill Oil contains 6 active ingredients centered on krill oil and the omega-3 fatty acids it delivers: eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are the main omega-3s. It also includes astaxanthin, a red pigment from krill that acts as an antioxidant, plus other omega-3 fatty acids and total phospholipids.

The softgels are filled with krill oil, natural flavor, and the softgel capsule itself as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Insufficient evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Insufficient

There isn't enough reliable clinical evidence to rate this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: omega-3 fatty acids for heart health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Coronary heart disease (CHD), Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hypertriglyceridemia, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Heart failure — and 2 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Astaxanthin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Heart failure (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Astaxanthin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension.
  • Also on file: Krill Oil is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Hypertriglyceridemia.

Krill oil is possibly effective for dry eye. For other uses listed in our data — aging skin, Alzheimer disease, cancer, high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), and cognitive function — the evidence isn't strong enough to rate it.

Astaxanthin likewise shows insufficient evidence for age-related cognitive decline, age-related macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer disease, athletic performance, and carpal tunnel syndrome in the studies we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Astaxanthin Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Krill Oil

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Krill oil and astaxanthin are both generally well tolerated, though long-term safety data for astaxanthin are limited. Common side effects from krill oil include bloating, decreased appetite, diarrhea, fishy burps, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, and stomach discomfort; headache, tiredness, and dizziness have been reported rarely.

Astaxanthin may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red fecal color, and at higher doses (40 mg daily) can trigger severe stomach pain. For pregnancy, there isn't enough safety data for either ingredient, so the data advises against astaxanthin use in pregnancy and while breastfeeding; for krill oil, there isn't enough data to know either way — talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.

If you have a shellfish allergy, avoid krill oil; if you have a bleeding disorder, use caution.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Astaxanthin Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Krill Oil

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Astaxanthin, Krill Oil.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 839 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs — krill oil may increase bleeding risk. Also double-check if you're on diabetes medication; theoretically, krill oil might lower blood sugar further.

If you take any drugs metabolized by the CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 enzyme systems in your liver, ask whether astaxanthin could affect your dose or effectiveness.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Krill oil may help with dry eye, but it's mainly an omega-3 source with an antioxidant. If you take blood thinners, diabetes medication, or drugs processed through your liver's CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 enzymes, you'll want to clear this with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

Most people tolerate it well, though gastrointestinal upset is common. Talk it over with your own healthcare provider if you're unsure whether it's right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Wild & Whole Krill Oil, straight from the product label.

Brand Barlean's
Net contents 60 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 22, 2016
DSLD ID 59731
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Qualified Health, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Wild & Whole Krill Oil by Barlean's, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories10 {Calories}--
Calories from Fat10 {Calories}--
Eicosapentaenoic Acid140 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid65 mg--
Cholesterol15 mg5%
Astaxanthin100 mcg--
Total Fat1 Gram(s)2%
Other Omega-3 Fatty Acids35 mg--
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat0 NP--
Total Phospholipids430 mg--
100% pure Superba Krill Oil1000 mg--

Other ingredients: Krill Oil, Softgel, Natural flavor

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Barlean's Krill Oil provides you with: ~ Optimal essential fatty acids nutrition: Phospholipid bound Omega-3 for optimal performance ~ Superior bioavailability: Krill Oil phospholipid Omega-3 is highly bio-available, easily digested, assimilated to support healthy cell membranes ~ Powerful antioxidants: Krill Oil is naturally rich in Astaxanthin, one of nature's strongest super-antioxidants

Pure & Potent Omega-3s, Phospholipids & Antioxidants

FDA Disclaimer Statement

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Superba Krill is a trademark of Aker

Seals/Symbols

Superba

Certified sustainable seafood MSC www.msc.org

General Statements

From an MSC certified sustainable fishery. www.msc.org

100% Satisfaction guaranteed

52930-03

Supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA Omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.

Not actual size of softgel; softgel approximately twice the size of image.

ESTd 1989

Barlean's Pathway To A Better Life

Heart healthy formula

May Reduce Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Super-Concentrated - Mini-Softgel

Optimal Nutrition ~ Maximum Absorption

~ No Fishy Aftertaste

~ Easy digestion: Small gel-caps are easy to swallow, with no indigestion, fishy aftertaste or repeat

FDA Statement of Identity

Krill Oil Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: 2 softgels daily with a meal.

Storage

Keep bottle tightly closed.

Store in a cool, dry place, out of reach of children.

Precautions

Store in a cool, dry place, out of reach of children.

Formulation

Non-GMO

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Wild & Whole Krill Oil by Barlean's label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Wild & Whole Krill Oil label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Wild & Whole Krill Oil by Barlean's

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Astaxanthin

Interacts with
671 drugs
100 mcg per serving

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise...

Astaxanthin monograph & interactions

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat

Interacts with
375 drugs
0 NP per serving

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and gen...

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat monograph & interactions
  • › Eicosapentaenoic Acid
  • › Docosahexaenoic Acid
  • › Other Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Total Phospholipids

430 mg per serving

100% pure Superba Krill Oil

Interacts with
208 drugs
1000 mg per serving

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglyce...

100% pure Superba Krill Oil monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Krill Oil, Softgel, Natural flavor. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Wild & Whole Krill Oil by Barlean's Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Wild & Whole Krill Oil?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
976Drugs
976 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Astaxanthin 671
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat 375
100% pure Superba Krill Oil 208

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Wild & Whole Krill Oil interact with 976 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Wild & Whole Krill Oil interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Astaxanthin Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat 100% pure Superba Krill Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Wild & Whole Krill Oil with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Astaxanthin2 drug types · 671 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Astaxanthin full monograph & interactions

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat3 drug types · 375 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Although some clinical evidence suggests that DHA might reduce collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and thromboxane release, most clinical evidence suggests that DHA alone does not affect blood clotting. However, theoretically, when given in combination with EPA as fish oil, concomitant use with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs (including aspirin) might increase risk of bleeding.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.
In people with type 2 diabetes, including those taking oral hypoglycemic medications, DHA seems to increase fasting blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Fish oils containing DHA can lower blood pressure and might have additive effects in patients treated with antihypertensives; use with caution.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat full monograph & interactions

100% pure Superba Krill Oil2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, krill oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Taking high doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil can modestly decrease platelet aggregation. Since krill oil also contains these fatty acids, taking high doses of krill oil might also inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, taking high doses of krill oil with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bleeding. However, the omega-3 content of krill oil is much lower than that of fish oil.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking krill oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research in animals and humans shows that krill oil might lower blood glucose levels. However, a small study shows that taking krill oil does not reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
100% pure Superba Krill Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Wild & Whole Krill Oil, from the product label.

Barlean's

See all Barlean's products
Name
Barlean's
City
Ferndale
State
WA
ZipCode
98248
Phone Number
800-445-3529
Web Address
barleans.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Wild & Whole Krill Oil by Barlean's: Common Questions

Does Wild & Whole Krill Oil by Barlean's interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Wild & Whole Krill Oil has a known interaction with 976 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Wild & Whole Krill Oil contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this cause a shellfish allergy problem?
Krill are shellfish, so if you have a shellfish allergy, the safety data advises against this product. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you're unsure whether you should take it.
Is it safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
For astaxanthin, there isn't enough safety data, so the data advises against use in pregnancy and while breastfeeding. For krill oil itself, there isn't enough data to know either way — talk with your doctor or pharmacist to decide what's best for you.
What are the side effects?
Most common are bloating, decreased appetite, diarrhea, fishy burps, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, and stomach discomfort. Headache, tiredness, and dizziness have been reported rarely. Astaxanthin may also cause red-colored stools. At very high astaxanthin doses, severe stomach pain has been reported.
Does it really work for dry eye?
Krill oil is rated possibly effective for dry eye based on the evidence we hold. For other conditions like cognitive decline or Alzheimer disease, there isn't strong enough evidence to rate it.
Can I take it if I have a bleeding disorder?
Use caution — krill oil can thin the blood slightly. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist first, especially if you already have a bleeding disorder.
What if I'm on diabetes medication?
Theoretically, krill oil might lower blood sugar further and raise the risk of low blood sugar. One small study didn't see this effect, but check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting to be safe.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Wild & Whole Krill Oil is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Wild & Whole Krill Oil label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Wild & Whole Krill Oil’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha)

Interacts with 375 drugs

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and generally well tolerated, with the stronges...

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Krill Oil

Interacts with 208 drugs

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglycerides and supporting heart health, but t...

Read the full Krill Oil monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Wild & Whole Krill Oil's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 65 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Astaxanthin 3 references
  1. Kupcinskas L, Lafolie P, Lignell A, et al. Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled
  2. Kistler, A., Liechti, H., Pichard, L., Wolz, E., Oesterhelt, G., Hayes, A., and Maurel, P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch.Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):665-675. PubMed
  3. Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011;66:363-369. PubMed

See these in context on the Astaxanthin monograph →

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) 49 references
  1. Akedo I, Ishikawa H, Nakamura T, et al. Three cases with familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed as having malignant lesions in the course of a long-term trial using docosahexanoic acid (DHA)-concentrated fish oil capsules (abstract). Jpn J Clin Oncol PubMed
  2. Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 1998;1:105-12.
  3. Grimsgaard S, Bonaa KH, Hansen JB, Nordoy A. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in humans have similar triacylglycerol-lowering effects but divergent effects on serum fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:649-59.
  4. Toft I, Bonaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:911-8.
  5. Sacks FM, Hebert P, Appel LJ, et al. Short report: the effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the trials of hypertension prevention. J Hypertens 1994;12:209-13.
  6. Vandongen R, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of omega 3 fats in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 1993;22:371-9. PubMed
  7. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference
  8. Pedersen HS, Mulvad G, Seidelin KN, et al. N-3 fatty acids as a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 1999;353:812-3. PubMed
  9. Ito Y, Suzuki K, Imai H, et al. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrophic gastritis in a Japanese population. Cancer Lett 2001;163:171-8. PubMed
  10. Kris-Ehterton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, et al. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:2747-57. PubMed
  11. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1007-15.. PubMed
  12. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:996-8.. PubMed
  13. Leng GC, Smith FB, Fowkes FG, et al. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acids and smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure and haemostatic and rheological factors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;51:101-8. PubMed
  14. Nelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, et al. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 1997;32:1129-36. PubMed
  15. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78. PubMed
  16. Malcolm CA, McCulloch DL, Montgomery C, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy and visual evoked potential development in term infants: a double blind, prospective, randomised trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88: DOI
  17. Sanjurjo P, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Jimeno P, et al. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in the last trimester of pregnancy: maternal-fetal biochemical findings. J Perinat Med 2004;32:132-6.
  18. Montgomery C, Speake BK, Cameron A, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion. Br J Nutr 2003;90:135-45. DOI
  19. Lauritzen L, Hoppe C, Straarup EM, Michaelsen KF. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation and growth during the first 2.5 years of life. Pediatr Res 2005;58:235-42. PubMed
  20. Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Makrides M, et al. A randomized trial of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid-rich tuna oil and its effects on the human milk cytokines interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:75
  21. Uauy R, Hoffman DR, Mena P, et al. Term infant studies of DHA and ARA supplementation on neurodevelopment: Results of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2003;143:S17-25. PubMed
  22. Decsi, T., Campoy, C., and Koletzko, B. Effect of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy: the Nuheal trial. Adv.Exp Med Biol 2005;569:109-113. PubMed
  23. Mori, T. A., Bao, D. Q., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., and Beilin, L. J. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension 1999;34(2):253-260. PubMed
  24. Otto, S. J., van Houwelingen, A. C., and Hornstra, G. The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid derived from single cell oils on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids of pregnant women in the second trimester. Prostaglandins Le PubMed
  25. Helland, I. B., Saugstad, O. D., Smith, L., Saarem, K., Solvoll, K., Ganes, T., and Drevon, C. A. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Pediatrics 2001;108(5):E82. PubMed
  26. Nestel, P., Shige, H., Pomeroy, S., Cehun, M., Abbey, M., and Raederstorff, D. The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increase systemic arterial compliance in humans. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2002;76(2):326-330. PubMed
  27. Woodman, R. J., Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., Barden, A., Watts, G. F., and Beilin, L. J. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients PubMed
  28. Jensen, C. L., Voigt, R. G., Prager, T. C., Zou, Y. L., Fraley, J. K., Rozelle, J. C., Turcich, M. R., Llorente, A. M., Anderson, R. E., and Heird, W. C. Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment in breastfed
  29. Theobald, H. E., Goodall, A. H., Sattar, N., Talbot, D. C., Chowienczyk, P. J., and Sanders, T. A. Low-dose docosahexaenoic acid lowers diastolic blood pressure in middle-aged men and women. J Nutr 2007;137(4):973-978.
  30. Mischoulon D, Best-Popescu C, Laposata M, et al. A double-blind dose-finding pilot study of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008;18(9):639-645. PubMed
  31. Birch EE, Carlson SE, Hoffman DR, et al. The DIAMOND (DHA Intake And Measurement Of Neural Development) Study: a double-masked, randomized controlled clinical trial of the maturation of infant visual acuity as a function of the dietary level of docosahexa
  32. Carlson SE, Colombo J, Gajewski BJ, Gustafson KM, Mundy D, Yeast J, Georgieff MK, Markley LA, Kerling EH, Shaddy DJ. DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):808-15. PubMed
  33. Escamilla-Nuñez MC, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernández-Cadena L, Navarro-Olivos E, Sly PD, Romieu I. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and respiratory symptoms in children. Chest. 2014 Aug;146(2):373-82. PubMed
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See these in context on the Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph →

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See these in context on the Krill Oil monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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