Drug & supplement interaction

Kratom + Linaclotide

Linaclotide brand name: Linzess.

No Known Interaction

Medically reviewed by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS · Updated July 2026 · Pair last verified Sep 13, 2026

The bottom line No known interaction

We found no known interaction between Kratom and Linaclotide in our sources. Absence of a documented interaction is not the same as proven safety, and does not guarantee one does not exist. Do not start, stop, or change a medication or supplement based on this page; confirm with your pharmacist or doctor first. Additionally, although there is no interaction, the label for Linaclotide states a food rule worth keeping to, and the two are separately associated with some of the same side effects, which would make a new symptom harder to attribute to one or the other.

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Interaction report

Kratom and Linaclotide

We checked these two against our interaction database. Here is what we found.

No Known Interaction Found

We did not find a documented interaction between Linaclotide and Kratom in our sources. This does not guarantee that the combination is completely free of risk — there is often limited research on supplements and herbal products, especially around drug interactions.

If you decide to take both, the practical routine is simple: add one new thing at a time and note the date you started it. If the combination is going to disagree with you, it usually shows in the first days to a couple of weeks — and a start date turns “I’ve been feeling off” into something a pharmacist can actually work with. Do not stop a prescribed medicine on your own.

Always talk with your pharmacist or doctor before making changes to your medications or supplements, particularly if you take several medications or have an ongoing health condition.

Kratom safety at a glance

Kratom overall Avoid Kratom carries risks of dependence, serious side effects, and contaminated products, and is not regulated as a safe supplement.

Pregnancy Possibly Unsafe When used orally. There have been multiple case reports of neonatal abstinence syndrome in the infants of those who used kratom during pregnancy. Animal researc... Read the full pregnancy detail

Breastfeeding Avoid Kratom compounds may pass into breast milk and should be avoided while nursing.

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — the full detail is in the Special populations card below. Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

Still wondering about combining Linaclotide and Kratom? Ask Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS directly ›

How we checked

Why No Interaction Is Listed for Linaclotide

Interactions in our licensed database are recorded against drug classes, not just single drug names. Linaclotide is filed under a single classification — oral drugs. Kratom has documented interactions with 11 drug classes — the most serious being cns depressants (moderate), cytochrome p450 1a2 (cyp1a2) substrates (moderate) and cytochrome p450 2d6 (cyp2d6) substrates (moderate) — and none of Linaclotide’s classifications are among them.

Classification data comes from our licensed Natural Medicines dataset. A medication can belong to classes beyond those recorded there, so this describes how the check was run — it is not a safety guarantee.

Keep it in perspective

Kratom Does Interact With Other Medications

Kratom has 983 moderate, 12 minor known drug interactions in our database — Linaclotide isn’t one of them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 983 Minor 12 No known interaction 1,835 (incl. Linaclotide)

Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Kratom

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Kratom. Pick one to open its full report.

What to actually watch for

No Interaction Found — But Data Suggests Kratom and Linaclotide May Share Several of the Same Side Effects

This is not an interaction. Neither one changes how your body handles the other, and nothing here says they react together. What our sources do show is that each has separately been linked to the effects below — so taking both can make those effects more likely to turn up, and harder to pin on one or the other if they do.

Diarrhea reported in 17.7% of FDA reports for Linaclotide Additional detail
Kratom
“Kratom ingestion has been associated with nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, tongue numbness, increased appetite, and constipation. In one Poison Control Center report of 3484 exposures to kratom, the majority of which involved oral single-substance exposures, 25% of cases reported gastrointestinal effects.”

Kratom · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in constipation.
6 sources cited

27130. Jansen KL, Prast CJ. Ethnopharmacology of kratom and the Mitragyna alkaloids. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;23(1):115-119. PubMed

27136. US Food and Drug Administration (2014). SNI National is Voluntarily recalling Kratom XL 4 Pack, Maeng Da Kratom 10 Pack, Max Kratom 20 Pack, and Bali Kratom 40 pack Due to Undeclared Drug Ingredients [Press Release].

95797. Castillo A, Payne JD, Nugent K. Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome after kratom ingestion. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2017;30(3):355-357. PubMed

95818. Trakulsrichai S, Sathirakul K, Auparakkitanon S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of mitragynine in man. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:2421-9. PubMed

104637. Davidson C, Cao D, King T, et al. A comparative analysis of kratom exposure cases in Thailand and the United States from 2010-2017. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2020:1-10. PubMed

113067. Li X, Ndungu P, Taneja SB, et al. An evaluation of adverse drug reactions and outcomes attributed to kratom in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System from January 2004 through September 2021. Clin Transl Sci 2023.
Linaclotide

Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Linaclotide, and in voluntary FDA adverse-event reports. Read the label on DailyMed ›
Constipation / Vomiting reported in 7.5% of FDA reports for Linaclotide Additional detail

Kratom

“Orally, kratom is possibly unsafe. Topically, no adverse effects have been reported; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.

Most Common Adverse Effects:

Orally: Constipation, dependence (chronic use), dry mouth, frequent urination, nausea, tongue numbness, and vomiting.

Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):

Orally: Cardiac arrest, death, encephalopathy syndrome, hallucinations, hypertensi…”

Kratom · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in cardiac arrest.

Linaclotide

Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Linaclotide, and in voluntary FDA adverse-event reports. Read the label on DailyMed ›
Headache reported in 3.9% of FDA reports for Linaclotide Additional detail
Kratom
“In one Poison Control Center report of 3484 exposures to kratom, the majority of which involved oral single-substance exposures, 75% of cases reported neurologic effects, including agitation, coma, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, seizures, and tremor.”

Kratom · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in alcohol-related liver disease.
6 sources cited

108565. Graves JM, Dilley JA, Terpak L, et al. Kratom exposures among older adults reported to U.S. poison centers, 2014-2019. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021;69(8):2176-2184. PubMed

95798. Cumpston KL, Carter M, Wills BK. Clinical outcomes after Kratom exposures: A poison center case series. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(1):166-168. PubMed

101707. Eggleston W, Stoppacher R, Suen K, Marraffa JM, Nelson LS. Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States. Pharmacotherapy. 2019 Jul;39(7):775-777. doi: 10.1002/phar.2280. Epub 2019 Jun 13. PubMed

104637. Davidson C, Cao D, King T, et al. A comparative analysis of kratom exposure cases in Thailand and the United States from 2010-2017. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2020:1-10. PubMed

113071. Peran D, Stern M, Cernohorsky P, Sykora R, Popela S, Duska F. Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) poisoning: Findings from ten cases. Toxicon 2023;225:107054. PubMed

103214. Afzal H, Esang M, Rahman S. A case of kratom-induced seizures. Cureus. 2020;12(1):e6588. PubMed
Linaclotide

Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Linaclotide, and in voluntary FDA adverse-event reports. Read the label on DailyMed ›

Reported for Kratom but not commonly for Linaclotide: liver problems, raised blood pressure, dependence or withdrawal symptoms and confusion.

Effects for Linaclotide come from the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of its FDA label; effects for Kratom come from the Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, quoted above. Where a percentage is shown, it is the share of 26,525 voluntary FDA FAERS reports for Linaclotide that mention that effect — a reporting proportion, not an incidence rate and not evidence the drug caused it. Wording is matched across sources by our own clinical vocabulary, so treat this as a prompt to pay attention, not a diagnosis.

Special populations

Kratom in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Pregnancy Possibly Unsafe

When used orally. There have been multiple case reports of neonatal abstinence syndrome in the infants of those who used kratom during pregnancy. Animal research suggests that kratom crosses the placenta.

DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

How to take them

Some Linaclotide Products Have a Food Rule — Kratom Should Not Break It

At least one FDA label for a product containing Linaclotide says to take it on an empty stomach. Most supplements — Kratom included — are taken with a meal, so the easy mistake is swallowing both together at breakfast. Where that rule applies, keep Linaclotide on its own and move Kratom to a meal later in the day.

This may not be true of your version. Food instructions belong to the product, not the ingredient: two Linaclotide products can carry different directions, and extended-release forms often differ from immediate-release ones. The label we read is quoted below — check the directions on your own box or bottle, or ask your pharmacist, for how to take the exact product you were given.

Preparation and Administration Instructions • Take LINZESS on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes prior to a meal at approximately the same time each day.

From the Dosage and Administration section of the FDA label we read for Linaclotide — where that label names a specific product, the instruction is that product's. Read the label on DailyMed ›

A food rule is not an interaction — it is about how much of the medicine you absorb. The directions that came with your own product, and your pharmacist, outrank anything on this page.

From our Q&A

Questions About Kratom or Linaclotide

These are real questions from readers, answered by the pharmacists at HelloPharmacist — written by a person, not generated from a database. Each one covers Kratom or Linaclotide, not necessarily both, but if one is close to what you were about to ask it will usually go further than a database entry can:

Not quite your question? Ask our pharmacists directly — it is free, there is no account required, and answers usually come back within 24 hours.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Linaclotide

This page covers Kratom only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Linaclotide page lists 17 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: Activated Charcoal (major), Coffee Charcoal (moderate), European Mandrake (moderate), Glucomannan (moderate) and Guar Gum (moderate).

By severity: 1 major · 7 moderate · 9 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Linaclotide page

“Linaclotide (Linzess) treats IBS with constipation by acting inside the intestine itself, so the capsule's contents have to reach the gut unbound to do their job. That is exactly what the 17 supplements on this page can interfere with, and I would read the list with genuine care.”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Linaclotide interaction page

One more smart check

Taking Kratom as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 8 real supplement products containing Kratom, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Kratom. Even though Kratom itself has no known interaction with Linaclotide, another ingredient on your label might. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Kratom and Linaclotide Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Kratom

Top 25%

#328 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Medication Linaclotide

Top 25%

#506 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Where does our data come from?

Source: the Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) clinical database — the evidence-graded professional reference for herb & supplement interactions.
Citation library: 103,510 references behind our interaction content, 65,311 of them resolved to verified PubMed/DOI sources. See every Kratom reference on this page ↓
Freshness: we automatically re-check this combination every week — this pair was last verified September 13, 2026. The Kratom and Linaclotide records this page draws on were last updated July 11, 2026.
What “no known interaction” means: no documented interaction in the sources above — not a guarantee of safety. Supplements are studied far less than prescription drugs, so we say exactly what the evidence supports, and nothing more.

Data structure & sourcing designed and verified by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS.

Supplement

About Kratom

What is Kratom?

Pain relief
Opioid withdrawal symptoms
Anxiety and stress
Low energy or fatigue
Mood enhancement

Kratom is a Southeast Asian plant whose leaves act on the brain's opioid receptors and can produce both stimulant-like and opioid-like effects. It is not approved or proven safe by health regulators, carries real risks of dependence and serious harm, and its legal status varies widely. Talk to a pharmacist or doctor before considering it.

Mitragyna speciosa · Rubiaceae · Leaves · Dried leaf powder, capsules, tablets, brewed tea, liquid extracts, and concentrated gummies

An interaction check asks whether these two react with each other — it does not ask whether Kratom is a good idea for someone in your situation. Here is what our Kratom record says about it on its own.

Kratom: dosing

There is no established safe or standardized dose for kratom. The strength of products varies widely, and the amount of active compounds can differ greatly from one batch to another, even within the same brand.Because of these unknowns and the real risks of dependence and harm, we cannot recommend a specific amount. Avoid mixing it with alcohol, opioids, sedatives, or other substances.

From our Kratom monograph — the full record covers uses, side effects and every documented interaction.

Read the full Kratom monograph & all interactions

Medication

About Linaclotide

What Is Linaclotide Used For?

Brand name: Linzess

Linzess (linaclotide) treats three related conditions that cause difficult, infrequent bowel movements. In adults, it is approved for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC — ongoing constipation with no identified cause). In children ages 7 and older, Linzess is approved for IBS-C. In children ages 2 and older, Linzess is approved for functional constipation (FC).

Most-Reported Side Effects for Linaclotide

From FAERS, the FDA’s public side-effect reporting system (26,525 reports, all brands). Reports are voluntary and are not proof the drug caused the effect.

Diarrhea 4,703 reports

Constipation 1,998 reports

Nausea 1,476 reports

Fatigue 1,171 reports

Abdominal distension 1,170 reports

See full Linaclotide drug information

Keep checking

Other Drugs & Kratom

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Kratom — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major

983Moderate

12Minor

1,834No known interaction

983 Moderate 12 Minor 1,834 No interaction

Moderate

983 interactions

Showing 60 of 983 moderate interactions — see all 983 on the Kratom page.

Minor

12 interactions

No interaction 1,834 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Kratom against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 1,834 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Kratom list.

See the full Kratom interactions page

See every supplement checked against Linaclotide, ranked by severity

Evidence & sources

Kratom References

The 77 references that drive our Kratom monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Singh D, Müller CP, Vicknasingam BK. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence, withdrawal symptoms and craving in regular users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014 Jun 1;139:132-7. PubMed
Backstrom BG, Classon G, Lowenhielm P, Thelander G. [Krypton--new, deadly Internet drug. Since October 2009 have nine young persons died in Sweden]. Lakartidningen 2010;107(50):3196-3197.
Kronstrand R, Roman M, Thelander G, Eriksson A. Unintentional fatal intoxications with mitragynine and O-desmethyltramadol from the herbal blend Krypton. J Anal Toxicol 2011;35(4):242-247. PubMed
Boyer EW, Babu KM, Adkins JE, McCurdy CR, Halpern JH. Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal using kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth). Addiction 2008;103(6):1048-1050.
Jansen KL, Prast CJ. Ethnopharmacology of kratom and the Mitragyna alkaloids. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;23(1):115-119. PubMed
Nelsen JL, Lapoint J, Hodgman MJ, Aldous KM. Seizure and coma following Kratom (Mitragynina speciosa Korth) exposure. J Med Toxicol 2010;6(4):424-426. PubMed
Sheleg SV, Collins GB. A coincidence of addiction to "Kratom" and severe primary hypothyroidism. J Addict Med 2011;5(4):300-301. PubMed
Kapp FG, Maurer HH, Auwarter V, Winkelmann M, Hermanns-Clausen M. Intrahepatic cholestasis following abuse of powdered kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). J Med Toxicol 2011;7(3):227-231. PubMed
Kong WM, Chik Z, Ramachandra M, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Mitragyna speciosa alkaloid extract on cytochrome P450 enzymes using a high throughput assay. Molecules. 2011;16(9):7344-7356. PubMed
US Food and Drug Administration (2014). SNI National is Voluntarily recalling Kratom XL 4 Pack, Maeng Da Kratom 10 Pack, Max Kratom 20 Pack, and Bali Kratom 40 pack Due to Undeclared Drug Ingredients [Press Release].
Castillo A, Payne JD, Nugent K. Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome after kratom ingestion. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2017;30(3):355-357. PubMed
Cumpston KL, Carter M, Wills BK. Clinical outcomes after Kratom exposures: A poison center case series. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(1):166-168. PubMed
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System: Kratom Deaths. February 6, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/CDERFOIAElectronicReadingRoom/UCM595575.pdf. Accessed March 6, 2018.
Trakulsrichai S, Sathirakul K, Auparakkitanon S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of mitragynine in man. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:2421-9. PubMed
Kruegel AC, Grundmann O. The medicinal chemistry and neuropharmacology of kratom: A preliminary discussion of a promising medicinal plant and analysis of its potential for abuse.Neuropharmacology. 2017. pii: S0028-3908(17)30393-3. PubMed
Singh D, Murugaiyah V, Hamid SBS, et al. Assessment of gonadotropins and testosterone hormone levels in regular Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) users. J Ethnopharmacol 2018;221:30-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.005. PubMed
Singh D, Müller CP, Murugaiyah V, et al. Evaluating the hematological and clinical-chemistry parameters of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) users in Malaysia. J Ethnopharmacol 2018;214:197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.017. PubMed
Olsen EO, O'Donnell J, Mattson CL, Schier JG, Wilson N. Notes from the field: Unintentional drug overdose deaths with kratom detected - 27 States, July 2016-December 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(14):326-327.
Hughes RL. Fatal combination of mitragynine and quetiapine - a case report with discussion of a potential herb-drug interaction. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2019 Mar;15(1):110-113. PubMed
Gershman K, Timm K, Frank M, et al. Deaths in Colorado Attributed to Kratom. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 3;380(1):97-98. PubMed
Mackay L, Abrahams R. Novel case of maternal and neonatal kratom dependence and withdrawal. Can Fam Physician. 2018 Feb;64(2):121-122.
Davidson L, Rawat M, Stojanovski S, Chandrasekharan P. Natural drugs, not so natural effects: Neonatal abstinence syndrome secondary to 'kratom'. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2019;12(1):109-112. PubMed
Smid MC, Charles JE, Gordon AJ, Wright TE. Use of Kratom, an Opioid-like Traditional Herb, in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Oct;132(4):926-928. PubMed
Muhammad BY, Abdullahi AD, Kadir, SS, Abdul Razak TB, Ahmed QU. In-utero effects of the crude ethanolic extract of the leaves of Mitragyna speciose on neural tube formation in rats. Asian J Exp Biol Sci. 2010;1(2):404-408.
Aldyab M, Ells PF, Bui R, Chapman TD, Lee H. Kratom-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury Mimicking Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody-Negative Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Gastroenterology Res. 2019 Aug;12(4):211-215. PubMed
Nacca N, Schult RF, Li L, Spink DC, Ginsberg G, Navarette K, Marraffa J. Kratom Adulterated with Phenylethylamine and Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Linking Toxicologists and Public Health Officials to Identify Dangerous Adulterants. J Med Toxicol. PubMed
Abdullah HMA, Haq I, Lamfers R. Cardiac arrest in a young healthy male patient secondary to kratom ingestion: is this 'legal high' substance more dangerous than initially thought ? BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Jul 19;12(7). pii: e229778. PubMed
Eggleston W, Stoppacher R, Suen K, Marraffa JM, Nelson LS. Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States. Pharmacotherapy. 2019 Jul;39(7):775-777. doi: 10.1002/phar.2280. Epub 2019 Jun 13. PubMed
Afzal H, Esang M, Rahman S. A case of kratom-induced seizures. Cureus. 2020;12(1):e6588. PubMed
ELJack A, Beasley M, Ibrahim H, Taha M, Werns S. Kratom-associated ventricular fibrillation. Am J Ther. 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
Schimmel J, Dart RC. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) liver injury: a comprehensive review. Drugs. 2020;80(3):263-83. PubMed
Matson M, Schenk N. Fatality of 33-year-old man involving kratom toxicity. J Forensic Sci. 2019;64(6):1933-5. PubMed
Ahmad J, Odin JA, Hayashi PH, et al. Liver injury associated with kratom, a popular opioid-like product: Experience from the U.S. drug induced liver injury network and a review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;218:108426. PubMed
Leong Abdullah MFI, Tan KL, Narayanan S, et al. Is kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use associated with ECG abnormalities? Electrocardiogram comparisons between regular kratom users and controls. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020:1-9.
Davidson C, Cao D, King T, et al. A comparative analysis of kratom exposure cases in Thailand and the United States from 2010-2017. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2020:1-10. PubMed
Graves JM, Dilley JA, Terpak L, et al. Kratom exposures among older adults reported to U.S. poison centers, 2014-2019. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021;69(8):2176-2184. PubMed
Leong Bin Abdullah MFI, Singh D. Assessment of Cardiovascular Functioning Among Regular Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) Users: A Case Series. Front Pharmacol 2021;12:723567. PubMed
Lei J, Butz A, Valentino N. Management of kratom dependence with buprenorphine/naloxone in a veteran population. Subst Abus 2021;42(4):497-502. PubMed
Burke DJ, Mahonski SG, Van Cott AC. Breakthrough Seizure Associated With Kratom Use in Patients With Epilepsy. Neurol Clin Pract 2021;11(1):78-84. PubMed
Regan GA, Papadakos PJ. Intracerebral hemorrhage after kratom ingestion. JAAPA 2021;34(4):33-36. PubMed
Halim SA, Low JH, Chee YC, Alias MR. Seizures among young adults consuming kratom beverages in Malaysia: A case series. Epilepsy Behav 2021;121(Pt A):108057. PubMed
Jensen AN, Truong QN, Jameson M, Nadal CN. Kratom-induced transaminitis with subsequent precipitated opioid withdrawal following naltrexone. Ment Health Clin 2021;11(3):220-224. PubMed
Torres-Ortiz A, Al Zein S, Alqudsi M. A Case of Hyperkalemia Induced by Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). Cureus 2022;14(4):e24036. PubMed
Sangani V, Sunnoqrot N, Gargis K, Ranabhotu A, Mubasher A, Pokal M. Unusual Presentation of Kratom Overdose With Rhabdomyolysis, Transient Hearing Loss, and Heart Failure. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021;9:23247096211005069. PubMed
Botejue M, Walia G, Shahin O, Sharma J, Zackria R. Kratom-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Series and Clinical Implications. Cureus 2021;13(4):e14679. PubMed
Patel P, Aknouk M, Keating S, et al. Cheating Death: A Rare Case Presentation of Kratom Toxicity. Cureus 2021;13(7):e16582. PubMed
Brogdon HD, McPhee MM, Paine MF, Cox EJ, Burns AG. A Case of Potential Pharmacokinetic Kratom-drug Interactions Resulting in Toxicity and Subsequent Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder With Buprenorphine/Naloxone. J Addict Med 2022. PubMed
Matos-Casano HA, Nanduri S. Transient Paralysis: A Novel Expression of Kratom Toxicity in Humans. Neurol Clin Pract 2021;11(1):e28-e29.
Chinnappan J, Navari Y, Casini D, Palanisamy N, Parikh N, Seedahmed E. Kratom-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2023;10(4):003835. PubMed
Eudaley ST, Brooks SP, Hamilton LA. Case Report: Possible Serotonin Syndrome in a Patient Taking Kratom and Multiple Serotonergic Agents. J Pharm Pract 2022. PubMed
Hong S, Zimmerman PE, Rao V, Markwalter DW. Buprenorphine-Naloxone in the Setting of Kratom Withdrawal, Opioid Use Disorder, and Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Palliat Med 2023;26(5):734-736. PubMed
Hughs M, Kish-Trier E, O'Brien A, McMillin GA. Analysis of Mitragynine and Speciociliatine in Umbilical Cord by LC-MS-MS for Detecting Prenatal Exposure to Kratom. J Anal Toxicol 2023;46(9):957-964. PubMed
Kamble SH, Obeng S, León F, et al. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Consequences of Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibition on Mitragynine Metabolism in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023;385(3):180-192. PubMed
LeSaint KT, Yin S, Sharma A, Avery BA, McCurdy CR, Waksman JC. Acute Renal Insufficiency Associated With Consumption of Hydrocodone- and Morphine-Adulterated Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa). J Emerg Med 2022;63(1):e28-e30. PubMed
Li X, Ndungu P, Taneja SB, et al. An evaluation of adverse drug reactions and outcomes attributed to kratom in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System from January 2004 through September 2021. Clin Transl Sci 2023.
Martin G, Collins DP, Valenzuela H. Life-Threatening Hyponatremia Secondary to Chronic Kratom Use: A Case Presentation. Cureus 2022;14(9):e29073. PubMed
Mata DC, Chang HH. Postmortem Mitragynine Distribution in a Single Drug Fatality Case. Acad Forensic Pathol 2023;13(1):34-40. PubMed
Obeng S, Leon F, Patel A, et al. Interactive Effects of µ-Opioid and Adrenergic-a (2) Receptor Agonists in Rats: Pharmacological Investigation of the Primary Kratom Alkaloid Mitragynine and Its Metabolite 7-Hydroxymitragynine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022;38
Peran D, Stern M, Cernohorsky P, Sykora R, Popela S, Duska F. Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) poisoning: Findings from ten cases. Toxicon 2023;225:107054. PubMed
Prozialeck W, Fowler A, Edwards J. Public Health Implications and Possible Sources of Lead (Pb) as a Contaminant of Poorly Regulated Kratom Products in the United States. Toxics 2022;10(7):398. PubMed
Reich N, Salvo G, Leong D, Wan V, Kosatsky T. Kratom exposures managed by the British Columbia poison centre, 2012-2019: a descriptive analysis. CMAJ Open 2022;10(3):E755-E761. PubMed
Roma K, Mohammed S, Sieck B, Naik K, Wahid S. Kratom-induced acute liver injury: A case study and the importance of herbal supplement regulation. J Hepatol 2023. PubMed
Settle AG, Yang C. A Case of Severe Kratom Addiction Contributing to a Suicide Attempt. Cureus 2022;14(9):e29698. PubMed
Smith KE, Feldman JD, Dunn KE, et al. Examining the paradoxical effects of kratom: a narrative inquiry. Front Pharmacol 2023;14:1174139. PubMed
Tanna RS, Nguyen JT, Hadi DL, et al. Clinical Assessment of the Drug Interaction Potential of the Psychotropic Natural Product Kratom. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023;113(6):1315-1325. PubMed
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Medication overviews come from MedlinePlus (NIH); supplement label data from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Kratom and Linaclotide Together: Common Questions

Is it safe to take Kratom with Linaclotide?

We do not list a known interaction between Kratom and Linaclotide. That does not guarantee the combination is risk-free, so confirm with your pharmacist or doctor — especially if you take other medications or have a health condition.

Do Kratom and Linaclotide have any of the same side effects?

Yes — our sources link each of them separately to 4 of the same effects. That is not an interaction: neither changes how your body handles the other. It does mean that if one of those effects turns up, it can be harder to tell which one is behind it. They are listed on this page with the source behind each.

Should I take Kratom and Linaclotide at the same time of day?

At least one FDA label for a product containing Linaclotide says to take it on an empty stomach, and supplements are usually taken with a meal — so taking them together at breakfast is the easy mistake. Where that applies, keep Linaclotide on its own and move Kratom to a meal later in the day. Food instructions belong to the product rather than the ingredient, so check the directions on your own box. This is about absorption, not an interaction.

How was the Kratom and Linaclotide combination checked?

Interactions in our licensed database are recorded against drug classes. Linaclotide is filed under 1 classification, and Kratom has documented interactions with 11 drug classes — none of Linaclotide's classifications are among them. A medication can belong to classes beyond those recorded in our dataset, so this describes how the check was run rather than guaranteeing safety.

Does Kratom interact with any other medications?

Yes. Kratom has 995 documented drug interactions in our database — Linaclotide is simply not one of them. If you take anything else, it is worth checking each one; they are all listed on this page.

Does Linaclotide interact with any supplements?

Yes. Linaclotide has documented interactions with 17 supplements in our database — Kratom is not one of them. The Linaclotide interaction page linked on this page lists every one, ranked by severity.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Kratom monograph Uses, safety profile, and every drug interaction in one place Linaclotide drug information The full plain-English guide to this medication Linaclotide supplement interactions Every supplement checked against Linaclotide, ranked by severity Supplement interaction checker Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z Every drug we’ve checked against herbs & supplements References The 77 citations behind this page Ask a pharmacist Free, personal answer from our licensed team

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.