Drug & supplement interaction

White Pepper + Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens

Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens brand name: Duavee.

Moderate Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated September 2026
The bottom line Moderate

Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens falls into 2 drug categories that White Pepper can interact with; the most serious is rated moderate. In vitro evidence suggests that piperine, a constituent of white pepper, inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).

Read the full interaction report
SeverityModerate
LikelihoodPossible
Interactions2
EvidenceD
What do Severity, Likelihood & Evidence mean?
Know someone taking this? Share
Facebook Post Reddit Email
On this page
Interaction report

White Pepper and Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens

These two interact in 2 distinct ways. Each one is explained separately below.

Why Are There 2 Interactions?

White Pepper interacts with whole categories of medication. Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens falls into 2 of those categories, so it can interact with White Pepper in 2 different ways. We’ve listed each one below — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them (Moderate).

Moderate

CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES

1 of 2

Why this applies to Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens

Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens falls under CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES — the group White Pepper interacts with.

In vitro evidence suggests that piperine, a constituent of white pepper, inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Theoretically, concomitant use with white pepper might increase the effects and side effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include some calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, nicardipine, verapamil), chemotherapeutic agents (etoposide, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine), antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole), glucocorticoids, cisapride (Propulsid), alfentanil (Alfenta), fentanyl (Sublimaze), losartan (Cozaar), fluoxetine (Prozac), midazolam (Versed), omeprazole (Prilosec), ondansetron (Zofran), propranolol (Inderal), fexofenadine (Allegra), and numerous others.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the short version on Duavee (a mix of conjugated estrogens and bazedoxifene) with white pepper. Your body uses an enzyme called CYP3A4 to help break down the hormone part of this medicine. In lab dishes, piperine (the spicy compound in pepper) appears to slow that enzyme down a bit. In theory, that could let a little more estrogen linger in your system, which might mean more estrogen-related effects like breast tenderness, bloating, nausea, or spotting.

The reassuring part: this is only a theoretical concern from test-tube work, not from real patients, and the pinch of pepper you sprinkle on food is very unlikely to matter. Concentrated piperine supplements are a different story, so check with your pharmacist or doctor before using one.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
Moderate

P-GLYCOPROTEIN SUBSTRATES

2 of 2

Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens also falls under P-GLYCOPROTEIN SUBSTRATES.

Theoretically, white pepper might increase levels of p-glycoprotein substrates. The piperine constituent of white pepper seems to inhibit p-glycoprotein in vitro.
Some drugs metabolized by p-glycoprotein include some chemotherapeutic agents (etoposide, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine), antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole), protease inhibitors (amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir), H2 antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine), some calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil), digoxin, corticosteroids, erythromycin, cisapride (Propulsid), fexofenadine (Allegra), cyclosporine, loperamide (Imodium), quinidine, and others.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the simple version. The piperine in white pepper, the compound that gives it its kick, can block a tiny pump in your gut called p-glycoprotein. That pump normally helps move certain drugs back out of your system. The bazedoxifene part of Duavee is moved around by this pump, so in theory, blocking it could let a little more of the medicine get absorbed and build up.

What that might feel like are more typical estrogen-related effects, such as breast tenderness, bloating, nausea, or leg cramps. That said, this is a theoretical concern based on lab studies, not real-world cases. Normal cooking amounts of white pepper are very unlikely to cause trouble. Concentrated piperine supplements are the bigger question, so check with your pharmacist or doctor before using one.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
  2. Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289. PubMed
  3. Aher, S., Biradar, S., Gopu, C. L., and Paradkar, A. Novel pepper extract for enhanced P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2009;61(9):1179-1186. PubMed

What These Ratings Mean

Every interaction above is graded three ways — here’s the key to each label.

Severity how clinically significant the interaction is
Major

Clinically significant. Avoid the combination, or use only under close professional supervision.

Moderate

Usually worth avoiding or managing — may need monitoring, a dose change, or timing apart.

Minor

Generally not serious. Be aware of it and mention it to your pharmacist.

Likelihood how strong the evidence is that the interaction actually happens in people
  • LikelyWell-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction.
  • ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • PossibleInteraction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.
  • UnlikelyInteraction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Evidence the quality of the studies behind the rating (graded A–D)
  • AHigh-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review).
  • BCase-control study.
  • CConsensus.
  • DAnecdotal evidence.

These ratings are for information only. Never start, stop, or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.

Keep it in perspective

White Pepper Also Interacts With Other Medications

White Pepper has 975 moderate, 3 minor known drug interactions in our database — the Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens one above is among them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 975 Minor 3 No known interaction 1,852 (incl. Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against White Pepper

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against White Pepper. Pick one to open its full report.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens

This page covers White Pepper only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens page lists 187 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: Activated Charcoal (major), Grapefruit (major), St. John's Wort (major), Acacia Rigidula (moderate) and Adrafinil (moderate).

By severity: 3 major · 152 moderate · 32 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens page

“If you take Duavee (bazedoxifene with conjugated estrogens) for hot flashes or bone protection after menopause, give this list genuine care, because three of its 187 supplement interactions rate major. Grapefruit and St.”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens interaction page

One more smart check

Taking White Pepper as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 2 real supplement products containing White Pepper, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides White Pepper. Your product may carry other ingredients that interact with Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens too, on top of White Pepper — and those would not show on this page. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where White Pepper and Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement White Pepper
Steady interest

#1,113 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens
Top 10%

#263 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Supplement

About White Pepper

What is White Pepper?

  • Digestive upset
  • Seasoning and appetite support
  • Cough and cold remedies (traditional)
  • Minor aches and pains (traditional)
  • Antimicrobial (traditional)

White pepper comes from the same plant as black pepper and is mostly used as a kitchen spice. In normal food amounts it is generally safe for most people, but there is little solid human research supporting its use as a medicine. Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before using concentrated supplements, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a health condition.

Read the full White Pepper monograph & all interactions
Medication

About Estrogen and Bazedoxifene

What Is Estrogen and Bazedoxifene Used For?

Brand name: Duavee

  • Estrogen and bazedoxifene tablets are used to treat hot flashes (sudden feelings of warmth, especially in the face, neck, and chest) in women who are experiencing menopause (stage of life when menstrual periods become less frequent and stop and women may experience other symptoms and body changes). Estrogen and bazedoxifene tablets are also used to prevent osteoporosis (condition in which the bones become thin and weak and break easily) in women who have undergone menopause. Estrogen is in a class of medications called hormones and bazedoxifene is in a class of medications called estrogen agonist–antagonists. Estrogen works by replacing estrogen that is normally produced by the body. Bazedoxifene is used to block the action of estrogen on the lining of the uterus, decreasing the risk of overgrowth that may lead to cancer.

See full Estrogen and Bazedoxifene drug information
Keep checking

Other Drugs & White Pepper

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against White Pepper — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
975Moderate
3Minor
1,851No known interaction
975 Moderate 3 Minor 1,851 No interaction
Moderate

975 interactions

Showing 60 of 975 moderate interactions — see all 975 on the White Pepper page.

Minor

3 interactions

No interaction 1,851 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked White Pepper against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 1,851 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full White Pepper list.

See the full White Pepper interactions page
See every supplement checked against Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens, ranked by severity
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Interaction details are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database. The medication overview comes from MedlinePlus.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
White Pepper monograph › Uses, safety, and every drug interaction in one place Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens supplement interactions › Every supplement checked against Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens, ranked by severity Estrogen and Bazedoxifene drug information › The full plain-English guide to this medication Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking White Pepper and Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens Together: Common Questions

Can you take White Pepper with Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens?
There is a moderate interaction, so it may be acceptable with monitoring or timing changes — but check with your pharmacist first. Read the full details on this page and confirm with your pharmacist before combining them.
Why are there 2 interactions listed for White Pepper and Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens?
Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens belongs to more than one drug category, and White Pepper interacts with each of those categories a little differently. We list every one so nothing is missed — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them.
How serious is the White Pepper and Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens interaction?
We rate it Moderate. This combination may require monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one. Consult your pharmacist before using them together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Still Have a Question About Bazedoxifene Acetate, Conjugated Estrogens and White Pepper?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.