Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 3 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by MuscleTech Essential Series

100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Amino Acid/protein
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch is a dietary supplement by MuscleTech Essential Series with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 205 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch by MuscleTech Essential Series

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch by MuscleTech Essential Series — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch by MuscleTech Essential Series

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 1 active ingredient.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product has one active ingredient: sodium. The rest is a protein blend with flavoring, sweeteners, and preservatives to make it drinkable.

Sodium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve and muscle function, but the amount matters—especially if you're managing your health with medications.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded Sodium's overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports Sodium for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredient's overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Cystic fibrosis — rated "Likely Effective" (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity — rated "Possibly Effective" (Natural Medicines).

We hold effectiveness data for sodium in cystic fibrosis (likely effective) and for preventing kidney damage from amphotericin B (possibly effective). The evidence for sodium in bipolar disorder and congestive heart failure isn't established enough for us to rate it.

If you're considering this product for a specific condition, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether sodium supplementation is right for you.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated when you take it in normal dietary amounts up to the recommended daily limit of 2.3 grams. The concern is excess: too much sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease.

The safety notes are clear—normal dietary sodium is fine, but avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. There's also a caution about pregnancy and lactation: the data shows it's likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe during lactation, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you're nursing or planning to become pregnant.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: lithium.
  • For scale: 205 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this, check with your pharmacist if you're on lithium, blood pressure medications, corticosteroids, didanosine (Videx), sodium phosphate laxatives, tolvaptan (Samsca), or any other sodium-containing drugs. High sodium intake can interfere with how these work or raise your sodium to unsafe levels.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you're using this product purely as an amino acid supplement and your sodium intake from food is already moderate, it may fit into your routine. But if you take blood pressure medications, lithium, corticosteroids, or any drug that affects sodium balance, you need to check with your pharmacist first.

Keep your total sodium intake in mind and don't add this without medical guidance if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney problems.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 24, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch, straight from the product label.

Brand MuscleTech Essential Series
Barcode (UPC) 631656290110
Net contents 32 fl. Oz.; 946 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 24, 2016
DSLD ID 63827
Product type Amino Acid/protein
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch by MuscleTech Essential Series, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4 Tbsp
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 Tbsp
Servings per container
16
UPC/BARCODE
631656290110
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories110 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates5 Gram(s)2%
Sugar5 Gram(s)--
Sodium85 mg4%
Total Fat0 Gram(s)--
Protein22 Gram(s)44%

Other ingredients: Water, Protein Blend, Fructose, Citric Acid, Red Beet Powder, Natural and Artificial flavor, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Sucralose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

20 years of excellence

U.S. Military #1 selling bodybuilding supplement brand

Tens of millions of customers

#1 Most clinical studies in science

Leader in science A portion of every dollar to more research

No. 1 patents Most patents awarded & pending

#1 in quality control Over $10 million invested

Manufactured according to cGMP standards, as is required for all dietary supplements

Leading experts agree that amino acids are the building blocks of protein and the foundation for all new muscle growth.

Rapid-Absorbing Liquid 100% Ultra-Pure Amino Liquid delivers all the benefits of essential and non-essential amino acids in an easy-to-drink, rapid-absorbing liquid for ultra convenience. This unique liquid format is designed to enter the bloodstream, feeding your muscles with the nutrients to help them perform at their best. For this specific reason, 100% Ultra-Pure Amino Liquid is ideal for those looking for an alternative to pills and powders. If you’re looking for a quality, easily digested source of aminos that tastes great, get on 100% Ultra-Pure Amino Liquid today!

New

Research & Development

HIGH-QUALITY AMINO ACID PROFILE RAPID-ABSORBING LIQUID GREAT TASTE

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FLAVOR

#1 Most award winning sports nutrition brand

America's #1 selling bodybuilding supplement brand

#1 Fastest growing sports nutrition brand Total yearly sales growth since 1995

Our mission is to develop the most scientifically advanced and effective supplements to help you build muscle and strength, lose weight, and improve athletic performance. Thanks to our millions of loyal customers, we are fortunate to be the most-awarded and best-selling sports nutrition brand over the past 20 years. Many supplement companies do not disclose their ingredients, and don’t invest in science and research, or quality control. We are different.

Twitter @TeamMuscleTech Facebook.com/MuscleTech

Seals/Symbols

Made in the USA from domestic & international ingredients

Formulated with clinically dosed key ingredients

cGMP manufactured

Guaranteed banned substance free

Fully disclosed ingredients No Proprietary Blends

Formulation

Guaranteed banned substance free

Fully disclosed ingredients No Proprietary Blends

Zero Fat, Great Taste Utilizing a precise ratio of BCAAs and other amino acids, this high-powered formula supplies your muscles with the nutrients they can use to grow, without the added fat.

0g FAT

Brand IP Statement(s)

MuscleTech is the Leader in Science with a Multi-Million Dollar Research Budget – A portion of every dollar spent on MuscleTech supplements is allocated toward scientific research to discover new and more effective ways to increase lean muscle and strength, and improve athletic performance. In fact, Team MuscleTech researchers have collaborated with researchers at over 20 universities and research facilities around the world to study the various key ingredients found in our powerful formulas.

MT THE MOST POWERFUL SUPPLEMENTS ON EARTH. At MuscleTech, our researchers are passionate about supplements.

MuscleTech is America's #1 Selling Bodybuilding Supplement Brand based on cumulative wholesale dollar sales 2006 to present.

All trademarks are owned by Northern Innovations Holding Corp. 2014.

MuscleTech invests millions in product research and development, and quality control – and our supplement facts always tell you EXACTLY what you are getting: The Most Powerful Supplements on Earth!

Formula

100% Ultra-Pure Amino Liquid

Each serving of 100% Ultra-Pure Amino Liquid is mega-dosed with 22,000mg of fast-absorbing essential and non-essential amino acids, including BCAAs. With each and every serving, this mega-dose of amino acids is taken in by your body, absorbed into your bloodstream, and made available to your muscles.

22,000mg AMINO PEPTIDES

CONTAINS MILK, SOY, AND SULFITE INGREDIENTS.

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Precautions

CONTAINS MILK, SOY, AND SULFITE INGREDIENTS. PROCESSED IN A FACILITY THAT ALSO PROCESSES WHEAT, EGGS, PEANUT, AND TREE NUT INGREDIENTS.

WARNING: Not intended for use by persons under 18.

Do not use if pregnant or nursing.

Consult a medical doctor before starting a diet or exercise program.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Do not use if package has been tampered with.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 1 serving (4 tablespoons) daily. Use between major meals and after exercise. Read the entire label before use and follow directions provided.

Storage

Refrigerate after opening.

Store between 60(0)F and 80(0)F.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General

9570US IN 0214

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch by MuscleTech Essential Series label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch by MuscleTech Essential Series

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 Tbsp Dosage formLiquid Servings per container16 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

5 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
85 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Protein

22 Gram(s) per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Protein Blend, Fructose, Citric Acid, Red Beet Powder, Natural and Artificial flavor, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Sucralose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch by MuscleTech Essential Series Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
205Drugs
205 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch interact with 205 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 3 ingredients in 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch, from the product label.

MuscleTech Essential Series

See all MuscleTech Essential Series products
Name
Iovate Health Sciences U.S.A. Inc.
Street Address
1105 North Market Street, Suite 1330
City
Wilmington
State
DE
ZipCode
19801
Web Address
muscletech.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch by MuscleTech Essential Series: Common Questions

Does 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch by MuscleTech Essential Series interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch has a known interaction with 205 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this just amino acids, or is there sodium in it?
This product's active ingredient is sodium. The other ingredients are a protein blend, flavorings, and sweeteners. If you're watching your sodium intake for health reasons, this matters—talk to your pharmacist about whether it fits your daily limit.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The data shows sodium is likely safe in pregnancy, but possibly unsafe during lactation (breastfeeding). If you're nursing or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product.
What are the side effects of sodium?
When you take sodium in normal amounts, it's well tolerated. But too much can worsen high blood pressure, heart disease, and kidney disease. There's also research linking high sodium intake to increased gastric cancer risk. Stick to the recommended daily limit and don't supplement without medical advice.
Why does this product have sodium if it's an amino supplement?
The product facts show sodium is the active ingredient listed. Amino acids are in the inactive protein blend. If you're looking for pure amino acids without added sodium, you may want to ask your pharmacist about other options.
Does sodium actually help with anything?
Sodium is well established for cystic fibrosis treatment and possibly helps prevent kidney damage from a specific IV antibiotic. For other uses listed in our data—bipolar disorder and heart failure—the evidence isn't strong enough to rate. Your pharmacist can help you figure out if this is the right product for what you need.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind 100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

100% Ultra-Pure 100% Amino Liquid Fruit Punch's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 38 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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