Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Oregon's Wild Harvest

Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend is a dietary supplement by Oregon's Wild Harvest with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for lowering cholesterol, heart and digestive health, soothing itchy or irritated skin.Based on those ingredients, 927 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Passionflower, Fresh, Lemon Balm, Fresh, Skullcap. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend by Oregon's Wild Harvest

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend by Oregon's Wild Harvest — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend by Oregon's Wild Harvest

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Biodynamic & Organic Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (980 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This blend contains four active ingredients. Oats (fresh) are included for their heart health benefits.

Passionflower and lemon balm are both calming herbs traditionally used for anxiety and sleep. Skullcap is another herb with a long history in relaxation blends.

The product also contains inactive ingredients—alcohol, raisin syrup, cherry juice concentrate, lavender flower extract, and distilled water—that serve as sweeteners, flavorings, and the liquid base.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Dyslipidemia — rated "Likely Effective" (Oats) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Coronary heart disease (CHD) — rated "Likely Effective" (Oats) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Insomnia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Passion Flower) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Herpes labialis (cold sores) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Lemon Balm) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Pre-procedural anxiety — rated "Possibly Effective" (Passion Flower) (Natural Medicines).

Evidence exists for a few of these ingredients. Oats are likely effective for high cholesterol (dyslipidemia) and heart disease.

Passionflower and lemon balm are both possibly effective for insomnia and anxiety—passionflower specifically for pre-procedure nerves, and lemon balm for cold sores and stress. Skullcap's effectiveness hasn't been reliably established in our data for any condition.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Oats Passion Flower Lemon Balm Skullcap

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Oats are generally well tolerated when eaten as food; when you eat them as a supplement, fiber can cause bloating, gas, and an unpleasant taste at first, though these effects usually fade. Passionflower is generally well tolerated short-term but can make you drowsy—and the safety data advises against it in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Lemon balm is well tolerated for short-term use, though there isn't enough reliable safety data to recommend it in pregnancy; use caution if breastfeeding and talk to your doctor. Skullcap is used short-term, but evidence is limited and product quality varies, so use with care.

Safety data advises against skullcap in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Oats Passion Flower Lemon Balm Skullcap

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Lemon Balm, Oats, Passion Flower, Skullcap.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 928 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you take sedatives, sleep aids, or other CNS depressants (Moderate risk from passionflower, lemon balm, and skullcap). Also flag diabetes medications or insulin (Moderate risk from oats), thyroid hormone replacements (Moderate risk from lemon balm), or any drugs that use specific transport proteins or liver enzymes for processing (Minor risks from passionflower).

Your pharmacist can search your exact medications on this page.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This blend is a calming herbal mix best suited for people looking for stress and sleep support who don't take sedative medications, diabetes drugs, insulin, or thyroid hormone replacement. If you're on any of those, or any other prescription, check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk to your pharmacist about whether this is right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 24, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend, straight from the product label.

Brand Oregon's Wild Harvest
Barcode (UPC) 706195172149
Net contents 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 24, 2025
DSLD ID 336020
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Organic, Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend by Oregon's Wild Harvest, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2.5 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
2.5 mL
Servings per container
12
UPC/BARCODE
706195172149
IngredientAmount% DV
Biodynamic & Organic Proprietary Blend980 mg--
Oat, Fresh0 NP--
Passionflower, Fresh0 NP--
Lemon Balm, Fresh0 NP--
Skullcap0 NP--

Other ingredients: Alcohol, Raisin Syrup, Cherry Juice Concentrate, Lavender Flower Extract, Water, Distilled

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Organic to our roots

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: As an herbal tonic, take 2.5 mL (approx. three half-droppers) daily or as directed by your healthcare professional. Do not exceed recommended dose.

Shake well.

Formulation

Free from: Gluten, dairy and soy allergens.

Soothe the nerves Extract

Non GMO GF (Gluten free)

USDA Organic

Certified Organic by Oregon Tilth

Precautions

Do not exceed recommended dose. Caution: Excessive consumption may impair ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Discontinue use if unusual symptoms occur.

Do not take if pregnant or nursing. If taking medication consult a healthcare professional before use.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Oregon's Wild Harvest Herbal Supplement Since 1994

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Seals/Symbols

USDA Organic Demeter Certified Biodynamic

OTCO (Oregon Tilth Certified Organic)

Storage

Store upright in a cool, dry place.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend by Oregon's Wild Harvest label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend by Oregon's Wild Harvest

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2.5 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container12 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Biodynamic & Organic Proprietary Blend

980 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Alcohol, Raisin Syrup, Cherry Juice Concentrate, Lavender Flower Extract, Water, Distilled. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend by Oregon's Wild Harvest Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
927Drugs
350 Moderate 577 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Passionflower, Fresh 836
Lemon Balm, Fresh 264
Skullcap 248
Oat, Fresh 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend interact with 927 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 4 ingredients in Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Passionflower, Fresh Lemon Balm, Fresh Skullcap Oat, Fresh

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Passionflower, Fresh3 drug types · 836 drugs

Cns Depressants

Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Research in animals and humans shows that passion flower has sedative effects which can be additive when used with sedative medications like lorazepam.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that passion flower can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the passion flower constituents apigenin and vitexin inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. This inhibition may be dose-dependent. One specific high-flavonoid passion flower extract (Valverde) seems to inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, while another extract with a lower flavonoid concentration (Arkocaps) shows less potent inhibition. OATPs are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body; however, the specific activities of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 are not well characterized.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Passionflower, Fresh full monograph & interactions

Lemon Balm, Fresh2 drug types · 264 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use of lemon balm might have additive effects with CNS depressant drugs.
Lemon balm seems to have CNS depressant activity in animals and in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, lemon balm might interfere with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
In vitro, constituents of lemon balm extract bind to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), preventing TSH receptor-binding and leading to the inhibition of TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. In animals, lemon balm extract has been shown to decrease levels of circulating TSH and inhibit thyroid secretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lemon Balm, Fresh full monograph & interactions

Skullcap1 drug type · 248 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Animal and clinical research suggests that skullcap can cause sedation and cognitive impairment.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Skullcap full monograph & interactions

Oat, Fresh2 drug types · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, oats may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Consuming oats can decrease blood glucose in patients with diabetes. In those who require insulin, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Insulin

Concomitant use of oats and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Oat, Fresh full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend, from the product label.

Oregon's Wild Harvest

See all Oregon's Wild Harvest products
Name
Oregon's Wild Harvest
City
Redmond
State
OR
ZipCode
97756
Phone Number
800-316-6869
Web Address
oregonswildharvest.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend by Oregon's Wild Harvest: Common Questions

Does Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend by Oregon's Wild Harvest interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend has a known interaction with 927 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while I'm on blood sugar medication?
Oats in this blend can lower blood sugar, so there's a Moderate risk of adding up with your medication. Talk to your pharmacist before starting—you may need a dose adjustment or closer monitoring.
Will this make me drowsy?
Yes, likely. Three of the four active ingredients (passionflower, lemon balm, and skullcap) can cause drowsiness and sedation. Don't drive or do anything that needs sharp focus until you know how you react.
Is it safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Oats as food are generally safe in pregnancy and while breastfeeding, but passionflower should be avoided in both, and skullcap should be avoided too. Lemon balm isn't recommended in pregnancy unless your doctor says it's okay, and caution is advised while breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor.
What's in the bottle besides the herbs?
The blend is suspended in alcohol with raisin syrup, cherry juice concentrate, lavender flower extract, and distilled water for taste and preservation.
Does this work for stress and sleep?
Passionflower and lemon balm are possibly effective for both anxiety and insomnia. Oats have solid evidence for heart health. Skullcap's effectiveness isn't well established in our data.
Can I take this with my thyroid medication?
Lemon balm in this blend may theoretically interfere with how your thyroid hormone works (Moderate risk). Check with your pharmacist before starting.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Oats

Interacts with 86 drugs

Oats are a well-studied whole grain whose soluble fiber (beta-glucan) can help lower cholesterol and support heart health when eaten regularly. As a food, oats are safe for most people, and...

Read the full Oats monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Passion Flower

Interacts with 836 drugs

Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restlessness, but the evidence is limited and mo...

Read the full Passion Flower monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lemon Balm

Interacts with 264 drugs

Lemon balm is a gentle, lemon-scented mint-family herb traditionally used to ease stress, support sleep, and calm digestion, and topically for cold sores. Early studies are promising but gen...

Read the full Lemon Balm monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Skullcap

Interacts with 248 drugs

American skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally considered relatively safe for short-term us...

Read the full Skullcap monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Biodynamic Namaste Lemon Balm Blend's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 47 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Oats 13 references
  1. Cooper SG, Tracey EJ. Small-bowel obstruction caused by oat-bran bezoar. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1148-9. DOI
  2. Pick ME, Hawrysh ZJ, Gee MI, et al. Oat bran concentrate bread products improve long-term control of diabetes: a pilot study. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96:1254-61. PubMed
  3. Braaten JT, Scott FW, Wood PJ, et al. High beta-glucan oat bran and oat gum reduce postprandial blood glucose and insulin in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 1994;11:312-8.
  4. Rosario PG, Gerst PH, Prakash K, Albu E. Dentureless distention: oat bran bezoars cause obstruction. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990;38:608. PubMed
  5. Food and Drug Administration. Food labeling: health claims: oats and coronary heart disease. Fed Regist 1996;61:296-313.
  6. Foulke J. FDA Allows Whole Oat Foods To Make Health Claim on Reducing the Risk of Heart Disease. FDA Talk Paper. 1997. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00782.html.
  7. Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohann D, et al. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1392-8. PubMed
  8. Lembo A, Camilleri M. Chronic constipation. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1360-8. . PubMed
  9. De Paz Arranz S, Perez Montero A, Remon LZ, Molero MI. Allergic contact urticaria to oatmeal. Allergy 2002;57:1215. . PubMed
  10. Delgado G, Kleber ME, Krämer BK, et al. Dietary intervention with oatmeal in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus - A crossover study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;127(9):623-629. PubMed
  11. Sobhan M, Hojati M, Vafaie SY, Ahmadimoghaddam D, Mohammadi Y, Mehrpooya M. The efficacy of colloidal oatmeal cream 1% as add-on therapy in the management of chronic irritant hand eczema: A double-blind study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020;13:241-25
  12. Hou Q, Li Y, Li L, Cheng G, Sun X, Li S, Tian H. The metabolic effects of oats intake in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2015;7(12):10369-87. PubMed
  13. González-Afonso M, Cañas JA, Sastre B, et al. A Case of Anaphylaxis After Ingestion of Oats: Research Into New Allergens. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022;32(6):506-508. PubMed

See these in context on the Oats monograph →

Passion Flower 19 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  3. Fisher AA, Purcell P, Le Couteur DG. Toxicity of Passiflora incarnata L. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000;38:63-6.
  4. Akhondzadeh S, Naghavi HR, Shayeganpour A, et al. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001;26:363-7. PubMed
  5. Farnsworth N, Bingel A, Cordell G, et al. Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents I. J Pharm Sci 1975;64:535-98. DOI
  6. Mori A, Hasegawa K, Murasaki M, et al. Clinical evaluation of Passiflamin (passiflora extract) on neurosis - multicenter double blind study in comparison with mexazolam. Rinsho Hyoka (Clinical Evaluation) 1993;21:383-440.
  7. Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG. Passiflora for anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1):CD004518. DOI
  8. Speroni E., Minghetti A. Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from Passiflora incarnata. Planta Med. 1988;54:488-91.
  9. Capasso A., Sorrentino L. Pharmacological studies on the sedative and hypnotic effect of Kava kava and Passiflora extracts combination. Phytomedicine. 2005;12:39-45. PubMed
  10. Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, et al. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23:1795-6.
  11. Smith, G. W., Chalmers, T. M., and Nuki, G. Vasculitis associated with herbal preparation containing Passiflora extract. Br J Rheumatol. 1993;32(1):87-88.
  12. Soulimani, R., Younos, C., Jarmouni, S., Bousta, D., Misslin, R., and Mortier, F. Behavioural effects of Passiflora incarnata L. and its indole alkaloid and flavonoid derivatives and maltol in the mouse. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;57(1):11-20. PubMed
  13. Nojoumi M, Ghaeli P, Salimi S, Sharifi A, Raisi F. Effects of Passion Flower Extract, as an Add-On Treatment to Sertraline, on Reaction Time in Patients ?with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2016;1
  14. Rokhtabnak F, Ghodraty MR, Kholdebarin A, et al. Comparing the Effect of Preoperative Administration of Melatonin and Passiflora incarnata on Postoperative Cognitive Disorders in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;7(1):e4123 PubMed
  15. Dantas LP, de Oliveira-Ribeiro A, de Almeida-Souza LM, Groppo FC. Effects of passiflora incarnata and midazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoing dental extraction. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(1):e95-e101. PubMed
  16. Ozturk Z, Kalayci CC. Pregnancy outcomes in psychiatric patients treated with passiflora incarnata. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Feb;36:30-32. PubMed
  17. da Cunha RS, Amorim KS, Gercina AC, et al. Herbal medicines as anxiolytics prior to third molar surgical extraction. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2020. PubMed
  18. Schäfer AM, Gilgen PM, Spirgi C, et al. Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2. Planta Med. 2021. PubMed
  19. Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, et al. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:826395. PubMed

See these in context on the Passion Flower monograph →

Lemon Balm 12 references
  1. Wolbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine 1994;1:25-31.
  2. Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, et al. Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:863-6. PubMed
  3. Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, et al. Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002;72:953-64. PubMed
  4. Albrecht M, Berger W, Laux P, Schmidt U, et al. Psychopharmaka und Verkehrssicherheit. Der Einfluß von Euvegal® - Dragees forte auf die Fahrtüchtigkeit und Kombinationswirkungen mit Alkohol Z Allg Med 1995;71:1215-25.
  5. Herberg, KW. Nebenwirkungen pflanzlicher Beruhigungsmittel/ Leistung und Befinden nach Einnahme einer Baldrian-Hopfen-Kombination. Z.Allg Med 1996;72:234-240.
  6. Soulimani R, Fleurentin J, Mortier F, et al. Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis in the mouse. Planta Med. 1991 Apr;57:105-9.
  7. Sourgens H, Winterhoff H, Gumbinger HG, et al. Antihormonal effects of plant extracts. TSH- and prolactin-suppressing properties of Lithospermum officinale and other plants. Planta Med. 1982 Jun;45:78-86. DOI
  8. Auf'mkolk M, Ingbar JC, Amir SM, et al. Inhibition by certain plant extracts of the binding and adenylate cyclase stimulatory effect of bovine thyrotropin in human thyroid membranes. Endocrinology. 1984 Aug;115:527-34. PubMed
  9. Santini F, Vitti P, Ceccarini G, et al. In vitro assay of thyroid disruptors affecting TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003 Oct;26:950-5. PubMed
  10. Alijaniha F, et al. Heart palpitation relief with Melissa officinalis leaf extract: double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of efficacy and safety. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;164:378-384. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.007. Epub 2015 Feb 11. PubMed
  11. Araj-Khodaei M, Noorbala AA, Yarani R, et al. A double-blind, randomized pilot study for comparison of Melissa officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. with Fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20(1):207. PubMed
  12. Kucuk U, Pham M, Raza Raja MH, Saad Shaukat MH, Clark R. Transient complete atrioventricular block associated with herbal supplement use. S D Med 2023;76(7):311-313.

See these in context on the Lemon Balm monograph →

Skullcap 3 references
  1. Wolfson P, Hoffmann DL. An investigation into the efficacy of Scutellaria lateriflora in healthy volunteers. Altern Ther Health Med 2003;9:74-8.
  2. Awad, R., Arnason, J. T., Trudeau, V., Bergeron, C., Budzinski, J. W., Foster, B. C., and Merali, Z. Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(8):6 PubMed
  3. Brock C, Whitehouse J, Tewfik I, Towell T. American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora): a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its effects on mood in healthy volunteers. Phytother Res 2014;28(5):692-8.

See these in context on the Skullcap monograph →

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