Stress Guard Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Stress Guard against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Stress Guard is a dietary supplement by Oregon's Wild Harvest with 10 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for high cholesterol, vitamin b3 deficiency (pellagra), heart health support.Based on those ingredients, 1,524 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ashwagandha, Licorice, Niacin. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Stress Guard contains 10 active ingredients. Niacin, vitamin B6, riboflavin, folate, and thiamin are B vitamins that support energy and nerve function.
Ashwagandha is an herbal adaptogen traditionally used for stress and anxiety. Pantothenic acid (another B vitamin) supports metabolism.
Suntheanine is a form of theanine, an amino acid linked to relaxation. Licorice root and skullcap are botanical extracts.
The product also contains pullulan, an inactive ingredient that forms the capsule.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Niacin is likely effective for pellagra (a severe B-vitamin deficiency) and possibly effective for HIV-related cholesterol problems and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin B6 is effective for certain types of anemia and B6 deficiency, and possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea.
Riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and thiamin are effective for their respective deficiency states. Ashwagandha is possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder, though evidence is preliminary.
For skullcap, licorice, and theanine used in this product for stress support, the evidence we hold does not establish effectiveness — ratings are insufficient or not available.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Niacin is generally well tolerated at food doses, but high supplemental amounts can cause flushing (very common), stomach upset, and serious liver problems with prolonged use. Vitamin B6 is well tolerated below 100 mg daily but can damage nerves at high doses over time.
Riboflavin is very well tolerated; excess leaves the body in urine. Ashwagandha is well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, but long-term safety is not well studied.
Pantothenic acid and thiamin are generally safe at typical doses. Licorice is fine in food amounts but high doses can cause serious electrolyte and blood pressure problems.
Skullcap has limited safety data; higher doses may cause sedation and cognitive impairment. Niacin and vitamin B6 are safe in pregnancy at food and prenatal-vitamin levels but avoid high-dose supplements unless prescribed.
Ashwagandha and licorice should be avoided in pregnancy — ashwagandha has been traditionally linked to miscarriage risk, and licorice is unsafe. Theanine and skullcap lack enough safety data for pregnancy; licorice and skullcap should be avoided while breastfeeding.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Double-check this product if you take blood pressure medications (niacin, ashwagandha, and theanine can lower blood pressure further), blood thinners like warfarin (niacin and licorice may interfere), diabetes drugs (niacin and ashwagandha can raise blood sugar risk), statins or other cholesterol drugs (niacin may increase side effects), seizure medications like phenytoin or phenobarbital (vitamin B6 may reduce their effectiveness), sedatives or anxiety medications (ashwagandha, skullcap, and theanine may enhance sedation), liver-toxic drugs, or cancer medications. Also check if you take digoxin (heart), tetracycline (antibiotic), or thyroid hormone.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product is marketed for stress, but evidence is limited for most of its herbal components. Before you start, check your medications — niacin and ashwagandha especially interact with blood pressure drugs, diabetes drugs, blood thinners, and several others.
If you take prescription medications, talk to your pharmacist first. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should skip this product or discuss it with their doctor.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 9 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 22, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Stress Guard, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Oregon's Wild Harvest |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 706195004594 |
| Net contents | 90 Vegan Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Aug 22, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 317198 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Niacin | 900 mcg | 5% |
| Vitamin B6 | 550 mcg | 28% |
| Riboflavin | 530 mcg | 31% |
| Folate | 167 mcg DFE | 42% |
| Ashwagandha | 400 mg | -- |
| Pantothenic Acid | 1 mg | 10% |
| Suntheanine | 50 mg | -- |
| Licorice | 400 mg | -- |
| Thiamin | 550 mcg | 36% |
| Skullcap | 400 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Pullulan
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Rooted in Oregon As a family farm and herbal supplement manufacturer since 1994, we support regenerative practices that heal the land and water and sequester carbon to ensure that pure, potent herbal medicine is available today and for future generations. Peace.
DFE = Dietary Folate Equivalents; 1 DFE = 0.6 mcg Folic Acid
Formulation
Free from: Gluten, dairy and soy allergens.
Calms & soothes the nerves
GF (Gluten free) Verified Non-GMO Product verified non-GMO by SGS.
Precautions
Caution: Do not take if sensitive to peanuts or chickpeas.
Keep out of reach of children.
If taking medication consult with a healthcare professional before use. Do not take if pregnant or nursing.
Discontinue use if unusual symptoms occur.
Do not exceed recommended dose.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Suntheanine registered trademark of Taiyo International Inc. It's the only L-Theanine available that has proven clinical use and safety.
Oregon's Wild Harvest Family farm Since 1994
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
Formula
Clinically proven dose of L-Theanine
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: As an herbal supplement, take one capsule three times daily with food or as directed by your healthcare professional.
Seals/Symbols
Verified Non-GMO Product verified non-GMO by SGS.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest
These are the 10 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Niacin
Interacts with727 drugs
Niacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countries. Prescr...
Niacin monograph & interactionsVitamin B6
Interacts with210 drugs
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is b...
Vitamin B6 monograph & interactionsRiboflavin
Interacts with20 drugs
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally...
Riboflavin monograph & interactionsFolate
Ashwagandha
Interacts with1,372 drugs
Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evid...
Ashwagandha monograph & interactionsPantothenic Acid
No knowninteractions
Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nea...
Pantothenic Acid monograph & interactionsSuntheanine
Interacts with565 drugs
Theanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong dro...
Suntheanine monograph & interactionsLicorice
Interacts with1,040 drugs
Licorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regu...
Licorice monograph & interactionsThiamin
Interacts with3 drugs
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep your nerves and heart healthy. Most people get eno...
Thiamin monograph & interactionsSkullcap
Interacts with248 drugs
American skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally cons...
Skullcap monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Pullulan. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest contains ten ingredients, several of which interact with medications.
The most serious concern is niacin, which poses moderate-risk interactions with antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications) — it can lower blood pressure further and cause dangerously low readings. This effect is strongest because niacin's vasodilating properties directly potentiate blood-pressure-lowering drugs.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Niacin also interacts moderately with hepatotoxic drugs (medicines that stress the liver), anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs (blood thinners), diabetes medications, statins (cholesterol drugs), gout treatments like allopurinol and probenecid, and bile acid sequestrants — it can raise blood sugar, interfere with cholesterol control, increase clotting risk, and reduce absorption if taken too close to bile sequestrants.
Ashwagandha carries moderate interactions with CNS depressants (sedatives, sleeping pills, anxiety medications), antihypertensive drugs, immunosuppressants, benzodiazepines, diabetes drugs, thyroid hormone, and hepatotoxic drugs — it may enhance sedation, lower blood pressure, raise blood sugar risk, boost thyroid effects, or increase liver strain. Theanine (Suntheanine) interacts moderately with blood pressure medications and can lower blood pressure further.
Licorice interacts moderately with digoxin (a heart medication), warfarin (a blood thinner), loop diuretics, cancer drugs, and several others metabolized by the liver — it may reduce drug effectiveness or increase toxicity risk. Vitamin B6 interacts moderately with blood pressure drugs, amiodarone (an arrhythmia drug), seizure medications, and levodopa (a Parkinson drug).
Skullcap interacts moderately with CNS depressants. Riboflavin has a moderate interaction with tetracycline antibiotics.
Thiamin has a minor interaction with trimethoprim (an antibiotic).
Altogether, these interactions span 1,501 individual medications. We could not check folate — no data is on file for it.
Please run your specific medications through the interaction checker on this page before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Stress Guard?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Stress Guard interact with 1,524 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
8 of the 10 ingredients in Stress Guard interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Ashwagandha Licorice Niacin Suntheanine Skullcap Vitamin B6 Riboflavin Thiamin
6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Stress Guard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs, Immunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + 6-mercaptopurine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Stress Guard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Stress Guard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Stress Guard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Stress Guard — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, niacin may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Niacin + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Stress Guard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Abemaciclib interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Abiraterone interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Abiraterone interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Abiraterone Acetate interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, niacin may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Niacin + Abrocitinib interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Read the full Licorice + Abrocitinib interactionAshwagandhaImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Stress Guard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Acalabrutinib interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Stress Guard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinAntidiabetes Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Niacin can increase blood glucose levels and may diminish the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Niacin + Acarbose interactionAshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs, Antidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Stress Guard — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs, Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acebutolol interactionLicoriceAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Licorice + Acebutolol interactionSuntheanineAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theanine might lower blood pressure, potentiating the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acebutolol interactionNiacinAntihypertensive Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, niacin may increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Niacin + Acebutolol interactionVitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Stress Guard — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, niacin may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Niacin + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acepromazine interactionSkullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Skullcap + Acepromazine interactionSuntheanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionNiacinAspirin, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Large doses of aspirin might alter the clearance of niacin.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Stress Guard — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSkullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Skullcap + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSuntheanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Stress Guard — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAshwagandhaCns Depressants, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionSkullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Skullcap + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionSuntheanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Stress Guard — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SkullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Skullcap + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionSuntheanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Stress Guard — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionSkullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Skullcap + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionSuntheanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Stress Guard — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
AshwagandhaCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSkullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Skullcap + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSuntheanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Stress Guard — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SkullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Skullcap + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionSuntheanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Stress Guard — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAshwagandhaHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionSkullcapCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Read the full Skullcap + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionSuntheanineCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Stress Guard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LicoriceCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Diuretic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionNiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Stress Guard — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionLicoriceCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Licorice + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAshwagandhaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionSuntheanineSerotonergic Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting.
Read the full Suntheanine + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Stress Guard with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Ashwagandha
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that ashwagandha might lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.
Benzodiazepines
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Ashwagandha has demonstrated immunostimulant effects in humans. Animal research has shown that ashwagandha can attenuate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide.
Thyroid Hormone
Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.
Serotonergic Drugs
Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors. However, there is no evidence to suggest that ashwagandha increases the risk of serotonin-related effects, and there have been no published case reports of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Nevertheless, due to the lack of extensive studies on the matter and the fact that ashwagandha appears to affect serotonergic pathways, it would be prudent to exercise caution when combining it with drugs that affect serotonin. [References: - Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaga ndha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 14; 19: 1468–1495. - A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/]
Licorice
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
In human research, licorice increases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of cisplatin.
In animal research, licorice diminished the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin.
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice and corticosteroids might increase the side effects of corticosteroids.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of licorice and oral corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, can potentiate the duration of activity and increase blood levels of corticosteroids. Additionally, in one case report, a patient with neurogenic orthostatic hypertension stabilized on fludrocortisone 0.1 mg twice daily developed pseudohyperaldosteronism after recent consumption of large amounts of black licorice.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that licorice extract and glabridin, a licorice constituent, inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes. Licorice extract from the species G. uralensis seems to inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes to a greater degree than G. glabra extract in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6; however, these interactions have not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro, licorice extracts from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibit CYP2C19 isoenzymes in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro, licorice extract from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibits CYP2C8 isoenzymes. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
There is conflicting evidence about the effect of licorice on CYP2C9 enzyme activity. In vitro research shows that extracts from the licorice species G. glabra and G. uralensis moderately inhibit CYP2C9 isoenzymes. However, evidence from an animal model shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis can induce hepatic CYP2C9 activity. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP2C9 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin, taken in a dosage of 150 mg orally twice daily for 14 days, modestly decreases the area under the concentration-time curve of midazolam by about 20%. Midazolam is a substrate of CYP3A4, suggesting that glycyrrhizin modestly induces CYP3A4 activity. Animal research also shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis induces CYP3A4 activity. However, licorice extract from G. glabra species appear to inhibit CYP3A4-induced metabolism of testosterone in vitro. It is thought that the G. glabra inhibits CYP3A4 due to its constituent glabridin, which is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor in vitro and not present in other licorice species. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP3A4 substrates.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with digoxin might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
Overuse or misuse of licorice with cardiac glycoside therapy might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity due to potassium loss.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Overuse of licorice might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. In one case report, a 72-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, stroke, and hepatic dysfunction was hospitalized with severe hypokalemia and uncontrolled hypertension due to pseudohyperaldosteronism. This was thought to be provoked by concomitant daily consumption of a product containing 225 mg of glycyrrhizin, a constituent of licorice, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 1 month.
Estrogens
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen therapy.
Theoretically, licorice might interfere with estrogen therapy due to estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects.
Loop Diuretics
Theoretically, loop diuretics might increase the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice.
Theoretically, loop diuretics might enhance the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice by inhibiting the enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone; however, bumetanide (Bumex) does not appear to have this effect.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease levels of midazolam.
In humans, the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin appears to moderately induce the metabolism of midazolam. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by licorice. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking midazolam.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice can increase P-glycoprotein activity.
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of paclitaxel.
Multiple doses of licorice taken concomitantly with paclitaxel might reduce the effectiveness of paclitaxel. Animal research shows that licorice 3 grams/kg given orally for 14 days before intravenous administration of paclitaxel decreases the exposure to paclitaxel and increases its clearance. Theoretically, this occurs because licorice induces cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes, which metabolize paclitaxel. Notably, a single dose of licorice did not affect exposure or clearance of paclitaxel.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Licorice seems to increase metabolism and decrease levels of warfarin in animal models. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism by licorice. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid taking licorice.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of methotrexate.
Animal research suggests that intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin, a licorice constituent, and high-dose methotrexate may delay methotrexate excretion and increase systemic exposure, leading to transient elevations in liver enzymes and total bilirubin. This interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Niacin
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Concomitant use of alcohol and niacin might increase the risk of flushing and hepatotoxicity.
Alcohol can exacerbate the flushing and pruritus associated with niacin. Large doses of niacin might also exacerbate liver dysfunction associated with chronic alcohol use. A case report describes delirium and lactic acidosis in a patient taking niacin 3 grams daily who ingested 1 liter of wine. Advise patients to avoid large amounts of alcohol while taking niacin.
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as allopurinol.
Large doses of niacin can reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially resulting in hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as allopurinol might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, niacin may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Several cases of clotting factor synthesis deficiency and coagulopathy have been reported in patients taking sustained-release niacin. Also, thrombocytopenia has been reported in patients treated with niacin or niacin plus lovastatin.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Niacin can increase blood glucose levels and may diminish the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Niacin impairs glucose tolerance in a dose-dependent manner, probably by causing or aggravating insulin resistance and increasing hepatic production of glucose. In diabetes patients, niacin 4.5 grams daily for 5 weeks can increase plasma glucose by an average of 16% and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 21%. However, lower doses of 1.5 grams daily or less appear to have minimal effects on blood glucose. In some patients, glucose levels increase when niacin is started, but then return to baseline when a stable dose is reached. Up to 35% of patients with diabetes may need adjustments in hypoglycemic therapy when niacin is added.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, niacin may increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
The vasodilating effects of niacin can cause hypotension. Furthermore, some clinical evidence suggests that a one-hour infusion of niacin can reduce systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This effect is not observed in normotensive patients.
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile acid sequestrants can bind niacin and decrease absorption. Separate administration by 4-6 hours to avoid an interaction.
In vitro studies show that colestipol (Colestid) binds about 98% of available niacin and cholestyramine (Questran) binds 10% to 30%.
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and gemfibrozil might increase the risk of myopathy in some patients.
A case of myopathy from concomitant use of niacin and gemfibrozil has been reported. Niacin alone has also been associated with cases of myopathy. Using gemfibrozil with niacin might further increase the risk of developing myopathy.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Niacin has been associated with cases of liver toxicity, especially when used in pharmacologic doses. Sustained-release niacin preparations appear to be associated with a higher risk of hepatotoxicity than immediate-release niacin.
Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors ("Statins")
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and statins might increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis in some patients.
Some case reports have raised concerns that niacin might increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis when combined with statins. However, a significantly increased risk of myopathy has not been demonstrated in clinical trials, including those using an FDA-approved combination of lovastatin and niacin (Advicor).
Probenecid (Benemid)
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as probenecid.
Large doses of niacin reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially causing hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as probenecid might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.
Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane)
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as sulfinpyrazone.
Large doses of niacin reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially causing hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as sulfinpyrazone might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of thyroid hormones.
Clinical research and case reports suggests that taking niacin can reduce serum levels of thyroxine-binding globulin by up to 25% and moderately reduce levels of thyroxine (T4). Patients taking thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism might need dose adjustments when using niacin.
Transdermal Nicotine (Nicoderm)
Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and transdermal nicotine might increase the risk of flushing and dizziness.
Niacin and nicotine can both cause flushing and dizziness.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
There is limited evidence that niacin may increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
In a case report, a patient on warfarin developed an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) of 3.9 after taking niacin for two weeks. The patient's INR was previously stable, ranging between 2 and 3 in recent months, and no other medication changes were identified. The elevated INR returned to therapeutic range within 4 days following the discontinuation of niacin.
Aspirin
Large doses of aspirin might alter the clearance of niacin.
Aspirin is often used with niacin to reduce niacin-induced flushing. Doses of 80-975 mg aspirin have been used, but 325 mg appears to be optimal. Aspirin also seems to reduce the clearance of niacin by competing for glycine conjugation. Taking aspirin 1 gram seems to reduce niacin clearance by 45%. This is probably a dose-related effect and not clinically significant with the more common aspirin dose of 325 mg.
Suntheanine
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theanine might lower blood pressure, potentiating the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research shows that theanine can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive animals. Theoretically, concomitant use of theanine and antihypertensive drugs might potentiate the antihypertensive activity.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Theoretically, theanine may compete with glutamate and/or increase plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, which could cause CNS depression. In one clinical study, some subjects taking oral theanine reported drowsiness.
Serotonergic Drugs
Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting. Some studies suggest it can increase serotonin levels in the brain while others report that it may decrease them. Nevertheless, there have been no reports of l-theanine being a causative agent in serotonergic-related side effects or serotonin syndrome.
Skullcap
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, skullcap can have additive effects when used with other CNS depressants.
Animal and clinical research suggests that skullcap can cause sedation and cognitive impairment.
Vitamin B6
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Despite initial case reports suggesting that pyridoxine may have a protective effect against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity, preliminary clinical research suggests that pyridoxine may actually exacerbate this adverse effect.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that vitamin B6 can decrease systolic blood pressure. Similarly, clinical research in patients with hypertension shows that taking high doses of vitamin B6 may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, possibly by reducing plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenobarbital, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenobarbital to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenytoin, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenytoin to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Levodopa
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) enhances the metabolism of levodopa, reducing its clinical effects. However, this interaction does not occur when carbidopa is used concurrently with levodopa (Sinemet). Therefore, it is not likely to be a problem in most people.
Riboflavin
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, taking riboflavin with tetracycline antibiotics may decrease the potency of these antibiotics.
In vitro research suggests that riboflavin may inhibit the potency of tetracycline antibiotics. It is not clear if this effect is clinically significant, as this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Thiamin
Trimethoprim (Proloprim)
Trimethoprim might increase blood levels of thiamine.
In vitro, animal, and clinical research suggest that trimethoprim inhibits intestinal thiamine transporter ThTR-2, hepatic transporter OCT1, and renal transporters OCT2, MATE1, and MATE2, resulting in paradoxically increased thiamine plasma concentrations.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Stress Guard, from the product label.
Oregon's Wild Harvest
See all Oregon's Wild Harvest products- Name
- Oregon's Wild Harvest
- City
- Redmond
- State
- OR
- ZipCode
- 97756
- Phone Number
- 800-316-6869
- Web Address
- oregonswildharvest.com
Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest: Common Questions
Does Stress Guard by Oregon's Wild Harvest interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Will this help my stress?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
What's the flushing I've heard about with niacin?
Is this safe to take long-term?
Can I take this with my blood pressure medication?
What are the B vitamins in here for?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Stress Guard is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Stress Guard’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Niacin
Interacts with 727 drugsNiacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countries. Prescription-strength niacin has been used to...
Read the full Niacin monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin B6
Interacts with 210 drugsVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is best known for helping with pregnancy-rel...
Read the full Vitamin B6 monograph → Herb & supplement monographRiboflavin
Interacts with 20 drugsRiboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally very safe at typical doses, and the stro...
Read the full Riboflavin monograph → Herb & supplement monographAshwagandha
Interacts with 1,372 drugsAshwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evidence is still limited. It is generally w...
Read the full Ashwagandha monograph → Herb & supplement monographPantothenic Acid
Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nearly all foods, and most people meet thei...
Read the full Pantothenic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographTheanine
Interacts with 565 drugsTheanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong drowsiness. Early research suggests it may...
Read the full Theanine monograph → Herb & supplement monographLicorice
Interacts with 1,040 drugsLicorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regular licorice contains glycyrrhizin, whic...
Read the full Licorice monograph → Herb & supplement monographThiamine
Interacts with 3 drugsThiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep your nerves and heart healthy. Most people get enough from food, but supplements are clear...
Read the full Thiamine monograph → Herb & supplement monographSkullcap
Interacts with 248 drugsAmerican skullcap is an herb traditionally used to calm anxiety and promote relaxation, but solid human evidence is very limited. It is generally considered relatively safe for short-term us...
Read the full Skullcap monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Stress Guard's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 254 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Niacin 66 references
- Garg R, Malinow MR, Pettinger M, et al. Niacin treatment increases plasma homocysteine levels. Am Heart J 1999;138:1082-7.
- Anon. Inositol hexaniacinate. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:222-3.
- Knodel LC, Talbert RL. Adverse effects of hypolipidaemic drugs. Med Toxicol 1987;2:10-32. PubMed
- Guyton JR, Blazing MA, Hagar J, et al. Extended-release niacin vs gemfibrozil for the treatment of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Niaspan-Gemfibrozil Study Group. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1177-84. PubMed
- Gibbons LW, Gonzalez V, Gordon N, Grundy S. The prevalence of side effects with regular and sustained-release nicotinic acid. Am J Med 1995;99:378-85. PubMed
- Whelan AM, Price SO, Fowler SF, Hainer BL. The effect of aspirin on niacin-induced cutaneous reactions. J Fam Pract 1992;34:165-8.
- Jungnickel PW, Maloley PA, Vander Tuin EL, et al. Effect of two aspirin pretreatment regimens on niacin-induced cutaneous reactions. J Gen Intern Med 1997;12:591-6. PubMed
- Capuzzi DM, Guyton JR, Morgan JM, et al. Efficacy and safety of an extended-release niacin (Niaspan): a long-term study. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:74-81;disc. 85U-6U. PubMed
- Gray DR, Morgan T, Chretien SD, Kashyap ML. Efficacy and safety of controlled-release niacin in dyslipoproteinemic veterans. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:252-8. PubMed
- McKenney JM, Proctor JD, Harris S, Chinchili VM. A comparison of the efficacy and toxic effects of sustained- vs immediate-release niacin in hypercholesterolemic patients. JAMA 1994;271:672-7. DOI
- Knopp RH, Alagona P, Davidson M, et al. Equivalent efficacy of a time-release form of niacin (Niaspan) given once-a-night versus plain niacin in the management of hyperlipidemia. Metabolism 1998;47:1097-104. PubMed
- Knopp RH. Clinical profiles of plain versus sustained-release niacin (Niaspan) and the physiologic rationale for nighttime dosing. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:24U-28U;discussion 39U-41U. PubMed
- Garg A, Grundy SM. Nicotinic acid as therapy for dyslipidemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. JAMA 1990;264:723-6. DOI
- Leighton RF, Gordon NF, Small GS, et al. Dental and gingival pain as side effects of niacin therapy. Chest 1998;114:1472-4. PubMed
- American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement on the safe use of niacin in the management of dyslipidemias. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997;54:2815-9. DOI
- Vega GL, Grundy SM. Lipoprotein responses to treatment with lovastatin, gemfibrozil, and nicotinic acid in normolipidemic patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:73-82. DOI
- Guyton JR, Goldberg AC, Kreisberg RA, et al. Effectiveness of once-nightly dosing of extended-release niacin alone and in combination for hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:737-43.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
- Bays HE, Dujovne CA. Drug interactions of lipid-altering drugs. Drug Saf 1998;19:355-71. PubMed
- Rader JI, Calvert RJ, Hathcock JN. Hepatic toxicity of unmodified and time-release preparations of niacin. Am J Med 1992;92:77-81. PubMed
- Kahn SE, Beard JC, Schwartz MW, et al. Increased B-cell secretory capacity as mechanism for islet adaptation to nicotinic acid-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 1989;38:562-8.
- Schwartz ML. Severe reversible hyperglycemia as a consequence of niacin therapy. Arch Int Med 1993;153:2050-2. DOI
- Raising HDL and Niacin Use. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2004;20(5):200504.
- McKenney J. New perspectives on the use of niacin in the treatment of lipid disorders. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:697-705. PubMed
- Reaven P, Witztum JL. Lovastatin, nicotinic acid and rhabdomyolysis (letter). Ann Int Med 1988;109:597-8. PubMed
- Ito MK. Advances in the understanding and management of dyslipidemia: using niacin-based therapies. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2003;60(suppl 2):s15-21. PubMed
- Schwab RA, Bachhuber BH. Delirium and lactic acidosis caused by ethanol and niacin coingestion. Am J Emerg Med 1991;9:363-5. PubMed
- Product information: Niaspan. Kos Pharmaceuticals. Cranbury, NJ. 2005. Available at www.niaspan.com/professional/content/pdfs/productinfo.pdf. (Accessed 3 March 2006).
- Ding RW, Kolbe K, Merz B, et al. Pharmacokinetics of nicotinic acid-salicylic acid interaction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;46:642-7. PubMed
- NIH News. NIH stops clinical trial on combination cholesterol treatment. May 26, 2011. http://www.nih.gov/news/health/may2011/nhlbi-26.htm. (Accessed 3 June 2011).
- Dearing BD, Lavie CJ, Lohmann TP, Genton E. Niacin-induced clotting factor synthesis deficiency with coagulopathy. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152(4):861-3. DOI
- O'Brien T, Silverberg JD, Nguyen TT. Nicotinic acid-induced toxicity associated with cytopenia and decreased levels of thyroxine-binding globulin. Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;67(5):465-8. PubMed
- Gadegbeku CA, Dhandayuthapani A, Shrayyef MZ, Egan BM. Hemodynamic effects of nicotinic acid infusion in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16(1):67-71. PubMed
- Garnett WR. Interactions with hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995;52(15):1639-45. PubMed
- Litin SC, Anderson CF. Nicotinic acid-associated myopathy: a report of three cases. Am J Med. 1989;86(4):481-3. PubMed
- Dunn RT, Ford MA, Rindone JP, Kwiecinski FA. Low-Dose Aspirin and Ibuprofen Reduce the Cutaneous Reactions Following Niacin Administration. Am J Ther. 1995;2(7):478-480. PubMed
- Cashin-Hemphill L, Spencer CA, Nicoloff JT, et al. Alterations in serum thyroid hormonal indices with colestipol-niacin therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107(3):324-9. PubMed
- Drinka PJ. Alterations in thyroid and hepatic function tests associated with preparations of sustained-release niacin. Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;67(12):1206. PubMed
- Shakir KM, Kroll S, Aprill BS, Drake AJ 3rd, Eisold JF. Nicotinic acid decreases serum thyroid hormone levels while maintaining a euthyroid state. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995;70(6):556-8. PubMed
- Etchason JA, Miller TD, Squires RW, et al. Niacin-induced hepatitis: a potential side effect with low-dose time-release niacin. Mayo Clin Proc. 1991;66(1):23-8. PubMed
- Henkin Y, Johnson KC, Segrest JP. Rechallenge with crystalline niacin after drug-induced hepatitis from sustained-release niacin. JAMA. 1990;264(2):241-3. DOI
- Henkin Y, Oberman A, Hurst DC, Segrest JP. Niacin revisited: clinical observations on an important but underutilized drug. Am J Med. 1991;91(3):239-46. PubMed
- Brown BG, Bardsley J, Poulin D, et al. Moderate dose, three-drug therapy with niacin, lovastatin, and colestipol to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dl in patients with hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80(2)
- Goldberg A, Alagona P Jr, Capuzzi DM, et al. Multiple-dose efficacy and safety of an extended-release form of niacin in the management of hyperlipidemia. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85(9):1100-5. PubMed
- Aronov DM, Keenan JM, Akhmedzhanov NM, et al. Clinical trial of wax-matrix sustained-release niacin in a Russian population with hypercholesterolemia. Arch Fam Med. 1996;5(10):567-75. PubMed
- Morgan JM, Capuzzi DM, Guyton JR, et al. Treatment Effect of Niaspan, a Controlled-release Niacin, in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A Placebo-controlled Trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 1996;1(3):195-202. PubMed
- Andersson RG, Aberg G, Brattsand R, Ericsson E, Lundholm L. Studies on the mechanism of flush induced by nicotinic acid. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1977 Jul;41(1):1-10. PubMed
- Brown WV. Niacin for lipid disorders. Indications, effectiveness, and safety. Postgrad Med. 1995 Aug;98(2):185-9, 192-3. PubMed
- O'REILLY PO, CALLBECK MJ, HOFFER A. Sustained-release nicotinic acid (nicospan); effect on (1) cholesterol levels and (2) leukocytes. Can Med Assoc J. 1959;80(5):359-62.
- Gharavi AG, Diamond JA, Smith DA, Phillips RA. Niacin-induced myopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74(8):841-2. PubMed
- Litin SC, Anderson CF. Nicotinic acid-associated myopathy: a report of three cases. Am J Med. 1989;86(4):481-3. PubMed
- Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT, Illingworth DR. Adverse ocular effects associated with niacin therapy. Br J Ophthalmol 1995;79:54-56. PubMed
- Ali EH, McJunkin B, Jubelirer S, Hood W. Niacin induced coagulopathy as a manifestation of occult liver injury. W V Med J. 2013 Jan-Feb;109(1):12-4
- Aramwit P, Srisawadwong R, Supasyndh O. Effectiveness and safety of extended-release nicotinic acid for reducing serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients. J Nephrol. 2012 May-Jun;25(3):354-62. PubMed
- Bassan M. A case for immediate-release niacin. Heart Lung. 2012 Jan-Feb;41(1):95-8. PubMed
- Davidson MH, Rooney M, Pollock E, Drucker J, Choy Y. Effect of colesevelam and niacin on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycemic control in subjects with dyslipidemia and impaired fasting glucose. J Clin Lipidol. 2013 Sep-Oct;7(5):423-32. PubMed
- Guyton JR, Fazio S, Adewale AJ, Jensen E, Tomassini JE, Shah A, Tershakovec AM. Effect of extended-release niacin on new-onset diabetes among hyperlipidemic patients treated with ezetimibe/simvastatin in a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2012 PubMed
- Loebl T, Raskin S. A novel case report: acute manic psychotic episode after treatment with niacin. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013 Fall;25(4):E14. PubMed
- Teo KK, Goldstein LB, Chaitman BR, Grant S, Weintraub WS, Anderson DC, Sila CA, Cruz-Flores S, Padley RJ, Kostuk WJ, Boden WE; AIM-HIGH Investigators. Extended-release niacin therapy and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease: the
- Goldie C, Taylor AJ, Nguyen P, McCoy C, Zhao XQ, Preiss D. Niacin therapy and the risk of new-onset diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heart. 2016 Feb;102(3):198-203.
- Schandelmaier S, Briel M, Saccilotto R, Olu KK, Arpagaus A, Hemkens LG, Nordmann AJ. Niacin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 14;6:CD009744. PubMed
- Jenkins DJA, Spence JD, Giovannucci EL, et al. Supplemental vitamins and minerals for CVD prevention and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71(22):2570-84. PubMed
- Song S, Lee CJ, Oh J, Park S, Kang SM, Lee SH. Effect of Niacin on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients at Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Goal but High Lipoprotein (a) Level: a 2-Year Follow-Up Study. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2019;8(1):58-66. PubMed
- Kimura H, Umemori Y, Yuki D. Anaphylactic shock-like symptoms due to niacin overdose: A case report. J Dermatol 2022;49(8):e287-e288. PubMed
- Nawaz N, Mistretta T, Karime C, Lewis J, Wolf E. Cholestatic Drug-Induced Liver Injury in a Patient Taking High-Dose Niacin for Hyperlipidemia. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2024;12:23247096231224349. PubMed
Vitamin B6 32 references
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
- Geerling BJ, Dagnelie PC, Badart-Smook A, et al. Diet as a risk factor for the development of ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1008-13. PubMed
- South M. Neonatal seizures after pyridoxine use -- reply. Lancet 1999;354:2083. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Baxter P, Aicardi J. Neonatal seizures after pyridoxine use. Lancet 1999;354:2082-3. PubMed
- Bendich A, Cohen M. Vitamin B6 safety issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;585:321-30.
- Schaumburg H, Kaplan J, Windebank A. Sensory neuropathy from pyridoxine abuse. A new megavitamin syndrome. N Engl J Med 1983;309:445-8. PubMed
- Gordon N. Pyridoxine dependency: an update. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997;39:63-5. PubMed
- Lewis PJ. Pain in the hand and wrist. Pyridoxine supplements may help patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. BMJ 1995;310:1534. PubMed
- Kaufman G. Pyridoxine against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity (letter). Lancet 1984;1:51-2. PubMed
- Mulrow JP, Mulrow CD, McKenna WJ. Pyridoxine and amiodarone-induced photosensitivity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:68-9. PubMed
- Kawada A, Kashima A, Shiraishi H, et al. Pyridoxine-induced photosensitivity and hypophosphatasia. Dermatology 2000;201:356-60.. PubMed
- Vasile A, Goldberg R, Kornberg B. Pyridoxine toxicity: report of a case. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1984;83:790-1. DOI
- Hansson O, Sillanpaa M. Pyridoxine and serum concentration of phenytoin and phenobarbitone. Lancet 1976;1:256. DOI
- Jansen T, Romiti R, Kreuter A, Altmeyer P. Rosacea fulminans triggered by high-dose vitamins B6 and B12. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:484-5..
- Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
- Hatzitolios, A., Iliadis, F., Katsiki, N., and Baltatzi, M. Is the anti-hypertensive effect of dietary supplements via aldehydes reduction evidence based? A systematic review. Clin Exp.Hypertens. 2008;30(7):628-639. PubMed
- Vasdev, S., Ford, C. A., Parai, S., Longerich, L., and Gadag, V. Dietary vitamin B6 supplementation attenuates hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol.Cell Biochem. 1999;200(1-2):155-162.
- de, Vogel S., Dindore, V., van, Engeland M., Goldbohm, R. A., van den Brandt, P. A., and Weijenberg, M. P. Dietary folate, methionine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. J Nutr 2008;138(12):2372-2378. PubMed
- Hagen, I., Nesheim, B. I., and Tuntland, T. No effect of vitamin B-6 against premenstrual tension. A controlled clinical study. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 1985;64(8):667-670. PubMed
- Aybak, M., Sermet, A., Ayyildiz, M. O., and Karakilcik, A. Z. Effect of oral pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation on arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995;45(12):1271-1273.
- Lal, K. J., Dakshinamurti, K., and Thliveris, J. The effect of vitamin B6 on the systolic blood pressure of rats in various animal models of hypertension. J Hypertens. 1996;14(3):355-363. PubMed
- Lauritzen CH, Reuter HD, Repges R, Bohnert K, and Schmidt U. Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus. Controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine. Phytomed 1997;4(3):183-189. PubMed
- Fonseca VA, Lavery LA, Thethi TK, et al. Metanx in type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: A randomized trial. Am J Med 2013;126(2):141-9. PubMed
- Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, Yi Q, et al. Treatment with B vitamins and incidence of cancer in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2012;43(6):1572-7. PubMed
- Hoyer-Kuhn H, Kohbrok S, Volland R, Franklin J, Hero B, Beck BB, Hoppe B. Vitamin B6 in primary hyperoxaluria I: first prospective trial after 40 years of practice. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Mar;9(3):468-77. PubMed
- Mahmoud A, Tabassum S, Al Enazi S, et al. Amelioration of levetiracetam-induced behavioral side effects by pyridoxine. A randomized double blind controlled study. Pediatr Neurol 2021;119:15-21. PubMed
- Gupta M, Gallante B, Bamberger JN, et al. Prospective randomized evaluation of idiopathic hyperoxaluria treatments. J Endourol 2021;35(12):1844-1851. PubMed
- Li H, Chen M, Liang S, et al. Excessive vitamin B6 during treatment is related to poor prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A U-shaped distribution suggests low dose supplement. Clin Nutr 2021;40(4):2293-2300. PubMed
- Tanigawa J, Nabatame S, Tominaga K, et al. High-dose pyridoxine treatment for inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency. Brain Dev 2021;43(6):680-687. PubMed
- Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea And Vomiting Of Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(1):e15-e30. PubMed
Riboflavin 5 references
- Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1998;50:466-70. PubMed
- Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
- Leeson LJ, Weidenheimer JF. Stability of tetracycline and riboflavin. J Pharm Sci. 1969;58(3):355-7. PubMed
- MacLennan, S. C., Wade, F. M., Forrest, K. M., Ratanayake, P. D., Fagan, E., and Antony, J. High-dose riboflavin for migraine prophylaxis in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol. 2008;23(11):1300-1304.
- Dietary reference intakes (DRIs): estimated average requirements. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academics. https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads//recommended_intakes_individuals.pdf Accessed July 24, 2017.
Ashwagandha 32 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Upton R, ed. Ashwagandha Root (Withania somnifera): Analytical, quality control, and therapuetic monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia 2000:1-25.
- Davis L, Kuttan G. Effect of Withania somnifera on cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity. Cancer Lett 2000;148:9-17. PubMed
- Davis L, Kuttan G. Suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity by Withania somnifera extract in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;62:209-14. PubMed
- Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev 2000;5:334-46. DOI
- Andallu B, Radhika B. Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera, Dunal) root. Indian J Exp Biol 2000;38:607-9.
- Kulkarni RR, Patki PS, Jog VP, et al. Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;33:91-5. PubMed
- Ahumada F, Aspee F, Wikman G, Hancke J. Withania somnifera exract. Its effects on arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs. Phytother Res 1991;5:111-14.
- Panda S, Kar A. Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;67:233-39. PubMed
- Panda S, Kar A. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998;50:1065-68. PubMed
- Sehgal, V. N., Verma, P., and Bhattacharya, S. N. Fixed-drug eruption caused by ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): a widely used Ayurvedic drug. Skinmed. 2012;10(1):48-49.
- Agnihotri AP, Sontakke SD, Thawani VR, Saoji A, Goswami VS. Effects of Withania somnifera in patients of schizophrenia: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled pilot trial study. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013;45(4):417-8. PubMed
- Biswal BM, Sulaiman SA, Ismail HC, Zakaria H, Musa KI. Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on the development of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Integr Cancer Ther. 2013;12(4):312-22.
- Sharma AK, Basu I, Singh S. Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Mar;24(3):243-248. PubMed
- Durg S, Bavage S, Shivaram SB. Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of scientific evidence from experimental research to clinical application. Phytother Res. 2020;34(5):1041-1059.
- Björnsson HK, Björnsson ES, Avula B, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury: A case series from Iceland and the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Liver Int. 2020;40(4):825-829. PubMed
- Tharakan A, Shukla H, Benny IR, Tharakan M, George L, Koshy S. Immunomodulatory Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Extract-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial with an Open Label Extension on Healthy Participants. J Clin Med 2021;1 PubMed
- Ireland PJ, Hardy T, Burt AD, Donnelly MC. Drug-induced hepatocellular injury due to herbal supplement ashwagandha. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021;51(4):363-365. PubMed
- Kamal HI, Patel K, Brdak A, Heffernan J, Ahmad N. Ashwagandha as a unique cause of thyrotoxicosis presenting with supraventricular tachycardia. Cureus. 2022 Mar 25;14(3):e23494. PubMed
- Suryawanshi G, Abdallah M, Thomson M, Desai N, Chauhan A, Lim N. Ashwagandha-Associated Acute Liver Failure Requiring Liver Transplantation. Am J Ther 2023;30(1):e80-e83. PubMed
- Pusec CM, Wolsky R, Llerena C, Sura P. A Case of Supplement-Induced Hepatitis. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30433. PubMed
- Ajgaonkar A, Jain M, Debnath K. Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract for Improvement of Sexual Health in Healthy Women: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Cureus 2022;14(10):e30787. PubMed
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Lubarska M, Halasinski P, Hryhorowicz S, et al. Liver Dangers of Herbal Products: A Case Report of Ashwagandha-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(5):3921. PubMed
- Tóth M, Benedek AE, Longerich T, Seitz HK. Ashwagandha-induced acute liver injury: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023;11(3):e7078.
- Bokan G, Glamocanin T, Mavija Z, et al. Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Ayurvedic Ashwagandha as Assessed for Causality by the Updated RUCAM: An Emerging Cause. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(8):1129. PubMed
- Patel PA, Sanborn E, Then R, Williams DM. Recurrent Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases. Cureus 2023;15(8):e42992. PubMed
- Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Murali A, Vishwanathan DT, Mamidala RV, Mundkur L. A Standardized Withania somniferra (Linn.) Root Extract with Piperine Alleviates the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression by Increasing Serotonin Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomize
- Philips CA, Valsan A, Theruvath AH, et al. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury-A case series from India and literature review. Hepatol Commun 2023;7(10):e0270. PubMed
- Hayashi M, Hamada H, Azuma SI, Hayashi K. Painless Thyroiditis by Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). Cureus 2024;16(3):e55352. PubMed
- Vazirani S, Kothari A, Fujimoto J, Gomez M. Supplements Are Not a Synonym for Safe: Suspected Liver Injury From Ashwagandha. Fed Pract 2023;40(9):315-319. PubMed
- Patel M, Newell R, Hillier M, Ramalingam R. Herbal remedies as a potential cause of hypoadrenalism. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2024;85(6):1-4. PubMed
Pantothenic Acid 11 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
- Debourdeau PM, Djezzar S, Estival JL, et al. Life-threatening eosinophilic pleuropericardial effusion related to vitamins B5 and H. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:424-6. DOI
- Schmuth, M., Wimmer, M. A., Hofer, S., Sztankay, A., Weinlich, G., Linder, D. M., Elias, P. M., Fritsch, P. O., and Fritsch, E. Topical corticosteroid therapy for acute radiation dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Br.J.Dermatol. 2 PubMed
- Schreck, U., Paulsen, F., Bamberg, M., and Budach, W. Intraindividual comparison of two different skin care conceptions in patients undergoing radiotherapy of the head-and-neck region. Creme or powder? Strahlenther.Onkol. 2002;178(6):321-329. PubMed
- Herbst, R. A., Uter, W., Pirker, C., Geier, J., and Frosch, P. J. Allergic and non-allergic periorbital dermatitis: patch test results of the Information Network of the Departments of Dermatology during a 5-year period. Contact Dermatitis 2004;51(1):13-1 PubMed
- Champault, G. and Patel, J. C. [Treatment of constipation with Bepanthene]. Med.Chir Dig. 1977;6(1):57-59.
- Scott LN, Fiume M, Bergfeld WF, et al. Safety Assessment of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and Derivatives as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022;41(3_suppl):77-128. PubMed
- Han J, Warshaw EM. Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Panthenol in "Hypoallergenic" Products. Dermatitis 2023;34(1):62-63. PubMed
- Blanchard G, Kerre S, Walker A, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from pantolactone and dexpanthenol in wound healing creams. Contact Dermatitis 2022;87(5):468-471. PubMed
- Peltier E, Trapp S, de Salvo R, et al. A new dexpanthenol-containing liquid cleanser for atopic-prone skin: Results from two prospective clinical studies evaluating cutaneous tolerability, moisturization potential, and effects on barrier function. J Cosme PubMed
Theanine 6 references
- Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M. Hypotensive effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1998;62:1065-8.
- Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., and Scholey, A. B. The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biol.Psychol. 2008;77(2):113-122. PubMed
- Yokogoshi, H., Kato, Y., Sagesaka, Y. M., Takihara-Matsuura, T., Kakuda, T., and Takeuchi, N. Reduction effect of theanine on blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 1995;59(4):615-618. PubMed
- Lyon MR, Kapoor MP, Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(4):348-
- Hidese S, Ota M, Wakabayashi C, et al. Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017;29(2):72-9.
- Tsuchiya T, Honda H, Oikawa M, et al. Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2016;21(6):1085-90. PubMed
Licorice 92 references
- Farese RV Jr, Biglieri EG, Shackleton CH, et al. Licorice-induced hypermineralocorticoidism. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1223-7. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Ragnarsson J, Franzson L, Sigurdsson G. Is blood pressure commonly raised by moderate consumption of liquorice? J Hum Hypertens 1995;9:345-8.
- Armanini D, Lewicka S, Pratesi C, et al. Further studies on the mechanism of the mineralocorticoid action of licorice in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 1996;19:624-9. PubMed
- Zhang YD, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Inhibition of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from guinea pig kidney by furosemide, naringenin and some other compounds. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994;49:81-5.
- Strandberg TE, Jarvenpaa AL, Vanhanen H, McKeigue PM. Birth outcome in relation to licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:1085-8. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Franzson L, Manhem K, et al. Liquorice-induced rise in blood pressure: a linear dose-response relationship. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:549-52. PubMed
- Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002;9:145-50. PubMed
- Kent UM, Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Hollenberg PF. The licorice root derived isoflavan glabridin inhibits the activities of human cytochrome P450S 3A4, 2B6, and 2C9. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:709-15.. PubMed
- Yoshida S, Takayama Y. Licorice-induced hypokalemia as a treatable cause of dropped head syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2003;105:286-7.. PubMed
- Strandberg TE, Andersson S, Jarvenpaa AL, et al. Preterm birth and licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:803-5.. PubMed
- Hussain RM. The sweet cake that reaches parts other cakes can't! Postgrad Med J 2003;79:115-6.. PubMed
- Morris DJ, Davis E, Latif SA. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:849-50. PubMed
- Quinkler M, Stewart PM. Hypertension and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2384-92. PubMed
- Westman EC, Guthrie GP. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:850. PubMed
- Mu Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:1369-77. PubMed
- Yasue H, Itoh T, Mizuno Y, Harada E. Severe hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hypertensive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. Intern Med 2007;46:575-8. PubMed
- Brayley J, Jones J. Life-threatening hypokalemia associated with excessive licorice ingestion (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:617-8. PubMed
- de Klerk GJ, Nieuwenhuis G, Beutler JJ. Hypokalaemia and hypertension associated with use of liquorice flavoured chewing gum. BMJ 1997;314:731-2.
- Dellow EL, Unwin RJ, Honour JW. Pontefract cakes can be bad for you: refractory hypertension and liquorice excess. Nephol Dial Transplant 1999;14:218-20. PubMed
- Elinav E, Chajek-Shaul T. Licorice consumption causing severe hypokalemic paralysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:767-8. PubMed
- Eriksson JW, Carlberg B, Hillom V. Life-threatening ventricular tachycardia due to liquorice-induced hypokalemia. J Intern Med 1999;245:307-10.
- Janse A, van Iersel M, Hoefnagels WH, Olde Rikker MG. The old lady who liked liquorice: hypertension due to chronic intoxication in a memory-impaired patient. Neth J Med 2005;63:149-50.
- Lin SH, Yang SS, Chau T, Halperin ML. An unusual cause of hypokalemic paralysis: chronic licorice ingestion. Am J Med Sci 2003;325:153-6. PubMed
- van den Bosch AE, van der Klooster JM, Zuidgeest DM, et al. Severe hypokalemic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis due to ingestion of liquorice. Neth J Med 2005;63:146-8.
- van Uum SH. Liquorice and hypertension. Neth J Med 2005;63:119-20.
- Russo S, Mastropasqua M, Mosetti MA, et al. Low doses of liquorice can induce hypertension encephalopathy. Am J Nephrol 2000;20:145-8. PubMed
- Stormer FC, Reistad R, Alexander J. Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice - evaluation of health hazard. Food Chem Toxicol 1993;31:303-12. PubMed
- Sontia B, Mooney J, Gaudet L, Touyz RM. Pseudohyperaldosteronism, liquorice, and hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:153-7. PubMed
- Francini-Pesenti F, Puato M, Piccoli A, Brocadello F. Liquorice-induced hypokalaemia and water retention in the absence of hypertension. Phytother Res 2008;22:563-5. PubMed
- Lapi F, Gallo E, Bernasconi S, et al. Myopathies associated with red yeast rice and liquorice: spontaneous reports from the Italian Surveillance System of Natural Health Products. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;66:572-4. PubMed
- Chen MF, Shimada F, Kato H, Yano S, Kanaoka M. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following low dosage of prednisolone hemisuccinate. Endocrinol Jpn 1990;37:331-41. PubMed
- Teelucksingh S, Mackie AD, Burt D, McIntyre MA, Brett L, Edwards CR. Potentiation of hydrocortisone activity in skin by glycyrrhetinic acid. Lancet 1990;335(8697):1060-3. PubMed
- Heidemann HT, Kreuzfelder E. Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria due to licorice ingestion and diuretic treatment. Klin Wochenschr 1983;61:303-5. PubMed
- Hukkanen J, Ukkola O, Savolainen MJ. Effects of low-dose liquorice alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide on the plasma potassium in healthy volunteers. Blood Press 2009;18:192-5. PubMed
- Bisogni V, Rossi GP, Calò LA. Apparent mineralcorticoid excess syndrome, an often forgotten or unrecognized cause of hypokalemia and hypertension: case report and appraisal of the pathophysiology. Blood Press. 2014 Jun;23(3):189-92. PubMed
- Dehours E, Vallé B, Rougé-Bugat ME, Florent B, Bounes V, Franchitto N. Suspected hypokalaemia following liquorice ingestion on board ship. J Telemed Telecare. 2013 Jun;19(4):227-8. PubMed
- Kormann R, Languille E, Amiot HM, Hertig A. Dying for a cup of tea. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Oct 19;2012. PubMed
- Panduranga P, Al-Rawahi N. Licorice-induced severe hypokalemia with recurrent torsade de pointes. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2013 Nov;18(6):593-6. PubMed
- Räikkönen K, Seckl JR, Heinonen K, Pyhälä R, Feldt K, Jones A, Pesonen AK, Phillips DI, Lahti J, Järvenpää AL, Eriksson JG, Matthews KA, Strandberg TE, Kajantie E. Maternal prenatal licorice consumption alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis fu
- Robles BJ, Sandoval AR, Dardon JD, Blas CA. Lethal liquorice lollies (liquorice abuse causing pseudohyperaldosteronism). BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Sep 19;2013. PubMed
- Chamberlain, J. J. and Abolnik, I. Z. Pulmonary edema following a licorice binge. West J Med 1997;167(3):184-185.
- Barrella, M., Lauria, G., Quatrale, R., and Paolino, E. Hypokaliemic rhabdomyolysis associated with liquorice ingestion: report of an atypical case. Ital.J Neurol.Sci 1997;18(4):217-220. PubMed
- Fugh-Berman, A. Herb-drug interactions. Lancet 2000;355(9198):134-138. PubMed
- Hasegawa, J., Suyama, Y., Kinugawa, T., Morisawa, T., and Kishimoto, Y. Echocardiographic findings of the heart resembling dilated cardiomyopathy during hypokalemic myopathy due to licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 1998;12(6):59 PubMed
- van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., Hop, W. C., Brouwer, J. T., Niesters, H. G., and Schalm, S. W. Intravenous glycyrrhizin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 199 PubMed
- Lozano, P., Flores, D., Martinez, S., Artigues, I., Rimbau, E. M., and Gomez, F. Upper limb ischemia induced by chronic licorice ingestion. J Cardiovasc.Surg (Torino) 2000;41(4):631-632.
- Brouwers, A. J. and van der, Meulen J. ['Licorice hypertension' also caused by licorice tea]. Ned.Tijdschr Geneeskd. 4-14-2001;145(15):744-747.
- van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., Hop, W. C., and Schalm, S. W. Glycyrrhizin-induced reduction of ALT in European patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(8):2432-2437. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir, H. A., Manhem, K., Axelson, M., and Wallerstedt, S. Subjects with essential hypertension are more sensitive to the inhibition of 11 beta-HSD by liquorice. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17(2):125-131.
- Shintani, S., Murase, H., Tsukagoshi, H., and Shiigai, T. Glycyrrhizin (licorice)-induced hypokalemic myopathy. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Eur Neurol 1992;32(1):44-51. PubMed
- Chen, M. F., Shimada, F., Kato, H., Yano, S., and Kanaoka, M. Effect of oral administration of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone. Endocrinol Jpn 1991;38(2):167-174. PubMed
- Lee, C. K., Park, K. K., Lim, S. S., Park, J. H., and Chung, W. Y. Effects of the licorice extract against tumor growth and cisplatin-induced toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of colon cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2007;30(11):2191-2195. PubMed
- Isaia, G. C., Pellissetto, C., Ravazzoli, M., and Tamone, C. Acute adrenal crisis and hypercalcemia in a patient assuming high liquorice doses. Minerva Med 2008;99(1):91-94.
- Bocker, D. and Breithardt, G. [Induction of arrhythmia by licorice abuse]. Z Kardiol 1991;80(6):389-391.
- Tacconi, P., Paribello, A., Cannas, A., and Marrosu, M. G. Carpal tunnel syndrome triggered by excessive licorice consumption. J Peripher.Nerv.Syst. 2009;14(1):64-65. PubMed
- Tu, J. H., He, Y. J., Chen, Y., Fan, L., Zhang, W., Tan, Z. R., Huang, Y. F., Guo, D., Hu, D. L., Wang, D., and Hong-Hao Zhou. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the activity of CYP3A enzyme in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66(8):805-810. PubMed
- Goultschin, J., Palmon, S., Shapira, L., Brayer, L., and Gedalia, I. Effect of glycyrrhizin-containing toothpaste on dental plaque reduction and gingival health in humans. A pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18(3):210-212. PubMed
- Scali, M., Pratesi, C., Zennaro, M. C., Zampollo, V., and Armanini, D. Pseudohyperaldosteronism from liquorice-containing laxatives. J Endocrinol Invest 1990;13(10):847-848. PubMed
- Chatterjee, N., Domoto-Reilly, K., Fecci, P. E., Schwamm, L. H., and Singhal, A. B. Licorice-associated reversible cerebral vasoconstriction with PRES. Neurology 2010;75(21):1939-1941. PubMed
- Imtiaz, K. E. Sweet root, bitter pill: liquorice-induced hyperaldosteronism. QJM 2011;104(12):1093-1095. PubMed
- van Beers, E. J., Stam, J., and van den Bergh, W. M. Licorice consumption as a cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report. Crit Care 2011;15(1):R64. PubMed
- MacKenzie, M. A., Hoefnagels, W. H., Jansen, R. W., Benraad, T. J., and Kloppenborg, P. W. The influence of glycyrrhetinic acid on plasma cortisol and cortisone in healthy young volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70(6):1637-1643. PubMed
- Bardhan, K. D., Cumberland, D. C., Dixon, R. A., and Holdsworth, C. D. Clinical trial of deglycyrrhizinised liquorice in gastric ulcer. Gut 1978;19(9):779-782. PubMed
- Koster, M. and David, G. K. Reversible severe hypertension due to licorice ingestion. N Engl J Med 1968;278(25):1381-1383. PubMed
- Corse, F. M., Galgani, S., Gasparini, C., Giacanelli, M., and Piazza, G. Acute hypokalemic myopathy due to chronic licorice ingestion: report of a case. Ital J Neurol Sci 1983;4(4):493-497. PubMed
- Berlango Jimenez A., Jimenez Murillo L., Montero Perez F. J., Munoz Avila J. A., Torres Murillo J., and Calderon de la Barca Gazquez J. M. [Acute rhabdomyolysis and tetraparesis secondary to hypokalemia due to ingested licorice]. An Med Interna 1995;12(1)
- Bernardi, M., D'Intino, P. E., Trevisani, F., Cantelli-Forti, G., Raggi, M. A., Turchetto, E., and Gasbarrini, G. Effects of prolonged ingestion of graded doses of licorice by healthy volunteers. Life Sci 1994;55(11):863-872. PubMed
- van der Zwan A. Hypertension encephalopathy after liquorice ingestion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1993;95(1):35-37. PubMed
- Werner, S., Brismar, K., and Olsson, S. Hyperprolactinaemia and liquorice. Lancet 2-10-1979;1(8111):319.
- Nishioka, K. and Seguchi, T. Contact allergy due to oil-soluble licorice extracts in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis 1999;40(1):56. PubMed
- Yoshino T, Yanagawa T, Watanabe K. Risk factors for pseudoaldosteronism with rhabdomyolysis caused by consumption of drugs containing licorice and differences between incidence of these conditions in Japan and other countries: case report and literature r
- Li G, Simmler C, Chen L, et al. Cytochrome P450 inhibition by three licorice species and fourteen licorice constituents. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017;109:182-190. PubMed
- Li J, Fan X, Wang Q. Hypertensive crisis with 2 target organ impairment induced by glycyrrhizin: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97(11):e0073. PubMed
- Foster CA, Church KS, Poddar M, Van Uum SH, Spaic T. Licorice-induced hypertension: a case of pseudohyperaldosteronism due to jelly bean ingestion. Postgrad Med 2017;129(3):329-31. PubMed
- Gallacher SD, Tsokolas G, Dimitropoulos I. Liquorice-induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess presenting in the emergency department. Clin Med (Lond) 2017;17(1):43-5. PubMed
- Dai DW, Singh I, Hershman JM. Lozenge-induced hypermineralcorticoid state--a unique case of licorice lozenges resulting in hypertension and hypokalemia. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016;18(2):159-60.
- O'Connell K, Kinsella J, McMahon C, Holian J, O'Riordan S. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with liquorice consumption. Ir J Med Sci 2016;185(4):945-7. PubMed
- Hataya Y, Oba A, Yamashita T, Komatsu Y. Hyponatremia in an elderly patient due to isolated hypoaldosteronism occurring after licorice withdrawal. Intern Med 2017;56(2):175-9. PubMed
- Ha Y, Wang T, Li J, et al. Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Licorice Extract and Paclitaxel: A Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2020;45(2):257-264. PubMed
- Edelman ER, Butala NM, Avery LL, Lundquist AL, Dighe AS. Case 30-2020: A 54-Year-Old Man with Sudden Cardiac Arrest. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(13):1263-1275. PubMed
- Wang H, Dong L, Qu F, et al. Effects of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of nobiletin in rats and its potential mechanism. Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):352-356. PubMed
- Attou R, Redant S, Honore PM, Preseau T, Hantson P, De Bels D. Liquorice intoxication can lead to cardiac arrest! Case Rep Emerg Med. 2020;2020:3727682. PubMed
- Benge E, Shah P, Yamaguchi L, Josef V. Trick or Treat? Licorice-Induced Hypokalemia: A Case Report. Cureus 2020;12(11):e11656. PubMed
- Abe K, Higurashi T, Takahashi M, et al. Concomitant Use of High-dose Methotrexate and Glycyrrhizin Affects Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate, Resulting in Hepatic Toxicity. In Vivo 2021;35(4):2163-2169. PubMed
- Awad N, Makar G, Burroughs V, Ravi P, Burroughs SR. Licorice-induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess causing persistent hypertension and hypokalemia. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2020;16(4):508-510. PubMed
- Patel P, Aknouk M, Dawson A, et al. How Much Is Too Much? Exploring Pseudohyperaldosteronism in Glycyrrhizic Acid Toxicity From Chronic Licorice Root Consumption. Cureus 2021;13(7):e16454. PubMed
- Fan ZJ, Liu JM, Li XX, et al. Glycyrrhizin-Induced Pseudohyperaldosteronism: A Case Report. Chin J Integr Med 2022. PubMed
- Gatica-Ortega ME, Pastor-Nieto MA. Allergic contact dermatitis to Glycyrrhiza inflata root extract in an anti-acne cosmetic product. Contact Dermatitis 2021;85(4):454-455.
- Wang JB, Huang A, Wang Y, et al. Corticosteroid plus glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic drug- or herb-induced liver injury achieves biochemical and histological improvements: a randomised open-label trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022;55(10):1297-1310. PubMed
- Puaratanaarunkon T, Washrawirul C, Chuenboonngarm N, Noppakun N, Asawanonda P, Kumtornrut C. Efficacy and safety of a facial serum containing snail secretion filtrate, Calendula officinalis, and Glycyrrhiza glaba root extract in the treatment of maskne: A
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Han EJ, Park JS. Lethal Arrhythmia Induced by Licorice. J Korean Med Sci 2023;38(12):e107. PubMed
Thiamine 7 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Rogovik, A. L., Vohra, S., and Goldman, R. D. Safety considerations and potential interactions of vitamins: should vitamins be considered drugs? Ann.Pharmacother. 2010;44(2):311-324. PubMed
- Arruti N, Bernedo N, Audicana MT, Villarreal O, Uriel O, Muñoz D. Systemic allergic dermatitis caused by thiamine after iontophoresis. Contact Dermatitis. 2013 Dec;69(6):375-6. PubMed
- Thiamine hydrochloride injection package insert. Lake Zurich, IL: Fresenius Kabi, LLC; September 2019.
- Vora B, Wen A, Yee SW, et al. The Effect of Trimethoprim on Thiamine Absorption: A Transporter-Mediated Drug-Nutrient Interaction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023;114(2):381-392.
Skullcap 3 references
- Wolfson P, Hoffmann DL. An investigation into the efficacy of Scutellaria lateriflora in healthy volunteers. Altern Ther Health Med 2003;9:74-8.
- Awad, R., Arnason, J. T., Trudeau, V., Bergeron, C., Budzinski, J. W., Foster, B. C., and Merali, Z. Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(8):6 PubMed
- Brock C, Whitehouse J, Tewfik I, Towell T. American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora): a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its effects on mood in healthy volunteers. Phytother Res 2014;28(5):692-8.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC