Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 4 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Renew Life

Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor is a dietary supplement by Renew Life with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle recovery and sports performance, gut health and 'leaky gut', recovery from severe illness or injury.Based on those ingredients, 221 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine, L-Glutamine, Glycine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor by Renew Life

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor by Renew Life — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor by Renew Life

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 16, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 11 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Amino Acid Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (120 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Proprietary Enzyme Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (35 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Plant Enzyme Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Buddy Bear Digest has 11 active ingredients. The amino acids L-glutamine and glycine support digestive and metabolic function, while N-acetyl D-glucosamine supports joint and connective tissue health.

The product also contains several digestive enzymes—protease, lipase, and lactase—that help break down proteins, fats, and lactose in your food. Gamma oryzanol, a plant compound, is included for its possible benefits to cholesterol levels.

You'll also find a proprietary amino acid blend and a proprietary enzyme blend, plus inactive ingredients like cane juice extract, malic acid, and silica for taste and texture.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Digestive health support for children.
  • We looked for evidence on: Dyspepsia, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Lactose intolerance, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn disease, Celiac disease — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lactase is rated "Effective" for Lactose intolerance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Pancreatitis.
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Crohn disease.

The evidence for most ingredients is mixed. N-acetyl D-glucosamine is likely effective for osteoarthritis, but the other uses listed have insufficient evidence.

L-glutamine is rated effective for sickle cell disease and possibly effective for recovery after surgery and HIV/AIDS-related weight loss, though that evidence is limited. Lactase is effective for lactose intolerance.

Glycine is possibly effective for schizophrenia, and gamma oryzanol is possibly effective for high cholesterol. For the rest—including protease, lipase, and the enzyme blends—the evidence we hold doesn't establish whether they work.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Glycine Gamma-oryzanol Glucosamine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-glutamine is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation, but people with kidney or liver disease should use it only under medical supervision. Glycine and gamma oryzanol don't have enough safety data in pregnancy or breastfeeding—avoid them in those situations unless your doctor recommends it.

N-acetyl D-glucosamine is best avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to lack of safety data. Lactase is likely safe in both.

Protease and lipase have limited pregnancy and breastfeeding data and should be used only with medical guidance. The most common side effects across these ingredients are digestive: bloating, gas, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and headache.

Rare allergic reactions to protease and lactase have been reported in sensitive individuals.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Glycine Gamma-oryzanol Glucosamine

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Glucosamine, Glutamine, Glycine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 221 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your own doctor or pharmacist if you take warfarin or other blood thinners (Major interaction with N-acetyl D-glucosamine). Also double-check if you take anticonvulsant medications (Moderate with L-glutamine) or clozapine for schizophrenia (Moderate with glycine).

If you take diabetes medications, ask your pharmacist—there's a Minor interaction with N-acetyl D-glucosamine.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This digestive supplement is aimed at people who want enzyme and amino acid support for digestion and joint health. If you take warfarin, an anticonvulsant medication, or clozapine, you need to check with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting—the interactions documented here are real.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? Talk it over with your healthcare provider first, because several ingredients lack safety data in those situations.

Everyone else should start with the dose on the label and watch for digestive upset.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 11 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 24, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Renew Life
Barcode (UPC) 631257157089
Net contents 60 Chewable Bear Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 24, 2017
DSLD ID 71445
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor by Renew Life, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
UPC/BARCODE
631257157089
IngredientAmount% DV
Total Carbohydrates1.2 Gram(s)1%
L-Glutamine0 NP--
Sugar1.1 Gram(s)--
Calories from Fat2 NP--
Glycine0 NP--
Total Fat0.2 Gram(s)1%
Protein0.1 Gram(s)1%, 1%
Gamma Oryzanol0 NP--
Amylase0 NP--
Protease0 NP--
Lipase0 NP--
Lactase0 NP--
Cellulase0 NP--
Total Calories7 Calorie(s)--
Invertase0 NP--
Alpha-Galactosidase0 NP--
Proprietary Amino Acid Blend120 mg--
Proprietary Enzyme Blend35 mg--
N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine0 NP--
Plant Enzyme Blend0 NP--

Other ingredients: organic Cane juice extract, Vegetable Stearine, natural Raspberry juice crystals and flavor, Malic Acid, Vegetable Stearate, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Try these other Buddy Bear digestive health products for kids! Buddy Bear Probiotic A natural probiotic formula with 1 billion active cultures, including acidophilus and bifidus, to help support digestive and immune health. Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) helps nourish the beneficial flora and maximize bioavailability. Buddy Bear Fiber An Omega-3 essential fatty acid (EFA) formula that provides the nourishing benefits of natural DHA from deep-sea, cold-water fish. DHA promotes healthy brain and nervous system function, as well as eye health. Buddy Bear Gentle Lax Provides gentle, natural relief from occasional constipation for children over 2 years of age. Each chewable bear tablet blends magnesium with natural herbs to help support regular bowel movements and promote healthy elimination.

Renew Life The digestive care company

Buddy Bear Kids’ Products are formulated by Brenda Watson, C.N.C., president of ReNew Life Formulas and the founder of five natural healthcare clinics specializing in digestive care.

Storage

Store in a dry place at 59-86(0)F (15-30(0)C).

Precautions

Warning: If you are pregnant or nursing, seek the advice of your physician before using this or any product.

Keep out of reach of children.

Tamper evident - do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

This product contains an ingredient derived from crustacean shells (shrimp, lobster, crab).

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Formula

Chewable digestive enzyme for kids

Enhanced with L-Glutamine & NAG

Buddy Bear Digest is a natural, plant-based digestive enzyme formula with gamma oryzanol and N-acetyl D-glucosamine to support the intestinal lining.

Contains less than 2% of the recommended daily allowance for vitamin A, C, calcium and iron.

This product contains an ingredient derived from crustacean shells (shrimp, lobster, crab).

Buddy Bear Digest is a natural, great-tasting, plant-based digestive enzyme formula for children that promotes digestive health and helps break down proteins, carbohydrates and fats.

Buddy Bear Digest also contains the amino acids L-glutamine and N-acetyl D-glucosamine, along with gamma oryzanol to help maintain a healthy intestinal lining.*

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

Contains no yeast, wheat, corn, rye, salt, soy, gluten or dairy

General Statements

Quality and purity guaranteed

Made in USA

A natural plant-based digestive enzyme formula that promotes digestive health

Delicious natural berry blast flavor

General

0607

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Adults and children over 2 years of age: Chew 1 bear tablet with a meal twice daily.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor by Renew Life label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor by Renew Life

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

1.1 Gram(s) per serving

Protein

0.1 Gram(s) per serving

Total Calories

7 Calorie(s) per serving

Proprietary Amino Acid Blend

120 mg per serving

Proprietary Enzyme Blend

35 mg per serving
  • › Plant Enzyme Blend

Other (inactive) ingredients: Organic Cane juice extract, Vegetable Stearine, Natural Raspberry juice crystals and flavor, Malic Acid, Vegetable Stearate, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor by Renew Life Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
221Drugs
2 Major 64 Moderate 155 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine 170
L-Glutamine 50
Glycine 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor interact with 221 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 8 ingredients in Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine L-Glutamine Glycine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine4 drug types · 170 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. In one case, the increase in INR occurred only after tripling the dose of a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement from 500 mg/400 mg daily to 1500/1200 mg daily. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone to increased INR in patients taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear. Glucosamine is a small component of heparin, but is not thought to have anticoagulant activity; however, animal research suggests that it might have antiplatelet activity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Topoisomerase Ii Inhibitors

Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
In vitro research suggests that glucosamine might induce resistance to etoposide (VP16, VePesid) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by reducing inhibition of topoisomerase II, an enzyme required for DNA replication in tumor cells. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)

Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Anecdotal reports suggest that adding glucosamine to an acetaminophen regimen might decrease pain control in patients with osteoarthritis. Some research suggests that the sulfate portion of glucosamine sulfate might contribute to its effect in osteoarthritis. Since acetaminophen metabolism requires sulfur and reduces serum sulfate concentrations, acetaminophen could theoretically interfere with the action of glucosamine sulfate. Conversely, the administration of sulfate could theoretically decrease the effectiveness of acetaminophen in sulfate-deficient people by increasing its clearance.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research has suggested that glucosamine might increase insulin resistance or decrease insulin production. This has raised concerns that taking glucosamine might worsen diabetes and decrease the effectiveness of diabetes drugs. However, clinical research suggests that glucosamine does not have adverse effects on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in healthy, obese, or type 2 diabetes patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine full monograph & interactions

L-Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Glutamine full monograph & interactions

Glycine1 drug type · 1 drug

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Theoretically, glycine might decrease the effectiveness of clozapine.
One small clinical study in patients with schizophrenia shows that adding glycine to clozapine therapy worsens symptoms of schizophrenia when compared with clozapine alone. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Glycine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor, from the product label.

Renew Life

Name
Renew Life Formulas
City
Clearwater
State
FL
ZipCode
33765
Phone Number
866-450-1787
Web Address
www.renewlife.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor by Renew Life: Common Questions

Does Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor by Renew Life interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor has a known interaction with 221 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take this while I'm pregnant?
There isn't enough safety data for most of these ingredients during pregnancy. L-glutamine is likely safe, and lactase is likely safe, but N-acetyl D-glucosamine, glycine, gamma oryzanol, protease, and lipase should be avoided or used only with your doctor's approval. Talk with your own healthcare provider before starting.
What digestive enzymes are in here?
This product contains protease (breaks down protein), lipase (breaks down fat), lactase (breaks down lactose from dairy), and several others in proprietary blends. The exact amounts of each aren't listed separately.
Can this help with bloating and gas?
The digestive enzymes in this formula are designed to support digestion, which is their intended purpose. However, evidence for whether the enzyme blends specifically work for bloating and gas isn't established in the data we hold.
What are the most common side effects?
The most common are digestive—belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and headache. These are usually mild and often resolve if you lower your dose or stop taking it.
Is this safe if I have a shellfish allergy?
The ingredients and allergies aren't clearly linked in our data, so I can't answer that directly. If you have a shellfish allergy, ask your pharmacist to review the label and source of each ingredient before you take it.
Will this interfere with my pain reliever?
N-acetyl D-glucosamine in this product may slightly reduce how well acetaminophen (Tylenol) works for pain, based on anecdotal reports—this is a Minor interaction. If you take acetaminophen regularly, mention this product to your pharmacist.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Glutamine

Interacts with 50 drugs

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...

Read the full Glutamine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glycine

Interacts with 1 drug

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep quality, where early research is promisin...

Read the full Glycine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Gamma-oryzanol

Gamma-oryzanol is a mix of plant compounds taken from rice bran oil, used mainly for cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and as a sports supplement. The evidence is limited and mostly comes fro...

Read the full Gamma-oryzanol monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glucosamine

Interacts with 170 drugs

Glucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of the knee. The evidence is mixed, with so...

Read the full Glucosamine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Buddy Bear Digest Natural Berry Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 79 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

Glycine 5 references
  1. Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC, Ermilov M, et al. Efficacy of high-dose glycine in the treatment of enduring negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:29-36.. PubMed
  2. Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:145-7.. PubMed
  3. Gusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Dambinova SA, et al. Neuroprotective effects of glycine for therapy of acute ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10:49-60. PubMed
  4. Inagawa K, Kawai N, Ono K, Sukegawa E, Tsubuku S, Takahashi M. Assessment of acute adverse effects of glycine ingestion at a high dose in human volunteers. Seikatsu Eisei. 2006; 50:27-32.
  5. Woods SW, Walsh BC, Hawkins KA, Miller TJ, Saksa JR, D'Souza DC, Pearlson GD, Javitt DC, McGlashan TH, Krystal JH. Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Aug;23(8):931-40. PubMed

See these in context on the Glycine monograph →

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
  1. Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
  2. Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
  3. Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →

Lipase 1 reference
  1. Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed

See these in context on the Lipase monograph →

Lactase 1 reference
  1. Laukkanen A, Ruoppi P, Remes S, Koistinen T, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S. Lactase-induced occupational protein contact dermatitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(2):89-93. PubMed

See these in context on the Lactase monograph →

Glucosamine 58 references
  1. Adams ME. Hype about glucosamine. Lancet 1999;354:353-4. PubMed
  2. Balkan B, Dunning BE. Glucosamine inhibits glucokinase in vitro and produces a glucose-specific impairment of in vivo insulin secretion in rats. Diabetes 1994;43:1173-9. PubMed
  3. Giaccari A, Morviducci L, Zorretta D, et al. In vivo effects of glucosamine on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in the rat: possible relevance to the maladaptive responses to chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetologia 1995;38:518-24. PubMed
  4. Holmang A, Nilsson C, Niklasson M, et al. Induction of insulin resistance by glucosamine reduces blood flow but not interstitial levels of either glucose or insulin. Diabetes 1999;48:106-11. PubMed
  5. Houpt JB, McMillan R, Wein C, Paget-Dellio SD. Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2423-30.
  6. Barclay TS, Tsourounis C, McCart GM. Glucosamine. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:574-9.
  7. Shankar RR, Zhu JS, Baron AD. Glucosamine infusion in rats mimics the beta-cell dysfunction of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1998;47:573-7.
  8. Almada A, Harvey P, Platt K. Effects of chronic oral glucosamine sulfate on fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI) in non-diabetic individuals. FASEB J 2000;14:A750.
  9. Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:251-6.
  10. Does glucosamine increase serum lipid levels and blood pressure? Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2001;17(11):171115.
  11. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  12. Monauni T, Zenti MG, Cretti A, et al. Effects of glucosamine infusion on insulin secretion and insulin action in humans. Diabetes 2000;49:926-35. PubMed
  13. Pouwels MJ, Jacobs JR, Span PN, et al. Short-term glucosamine infusion does not affect insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2099-103. DOI
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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