Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 6 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Cough Syrup Nighttime Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Gaia Herbs

Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Cough Syrup Nighttime is a dietary supplement by Gaia Herbs with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cough and sore throat, wound and burn care, soothing minor skin irritation.Based on those ingredients, 1,212 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Eucalyptus Aerial Parts Essential Oil, Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract, Peppermint Aerial Parts Essential Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Cough Syrup Nighttime by Gaia Herbs

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Essential Oil Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (14 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains seven ingredients: honey, English ivy leaf extract, passionflower aerial parts extract, black elderberry fruit extract, South African geranium root extract, eucalyptus aerial parts essential oil, and peppermint aerial parts essential oil, plus an essential oil blend. The first two are herbal extracts; the last two and the oil blend are concentrated essential oils.

Water and lemon juice concentrate are added as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: cough and sleep support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Cough, Bronchitis, Common cold, Insomnia, Asthma, chest congestion — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Honey is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cough (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Passion Flower is rated "Possibly Effective" for Insomnia.
  • Also on file: English Ivy is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Bronchitis, Cough.

Honey is possibly effective for cough, cold sores, and burns. Peppermint oil is likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome and possibly effective for indigestion and nausea from chemotherapy.

Passionflower is possibly effective for insomnia and anxiety before procedures. For the other ingredients — English ivy, black elderberry, South African geranium, and eucalyptus — the evidence in our data is rated insufficient to say whether they work for their intended uses.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Honey English Ivy Eucalyptus Peppermint Passion Flower Elderberry

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Honey is generally safe for adults and children over 1 year old, though the product notes advise checking with your doctor before using it medicinally. Peppermint and eucalyptus oils are generally well tolerated in small amounts for inhalation or diluted topical use, but the raw undiluted eucalyptus oil can be poisonous if swallowed — this product is a syrup, so check the concentration.

English ivy leaf extract is generally well tolerated, but the raw plant is toxic. Passionflower is well tolerated short-term but can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion.

Common side effects from these ingredients include nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, and burning or stinging sensations (topically or intranasally). Honey can rarely cause allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, and honey from the Black Sea coast of Turkey may contain toxic compounds — ensure your product is from a safe source.

Passionflower is possibly unsafe in pregnancy; English ivy should be avoided in pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Eucalyptus and peppermint are likely safe in pregnancy and lactation in small amounts, but concentrated supplements should be avoided while breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Honey English Ivy Eucalyptus Peppermint Passion Flower Elderberry

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Elderberry, English Ivy, Eucalyptus, Peppermint, Honey, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,213 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this syrup, double-check with your pharmacist if you take: liver-metabolized drugs (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 substrates) — Moderate severity with eucalyptus, English ivy, and peppermint; phenytoin (Dilantin) — Moderate severity with honey; diabetes medications — Moderate severity with eucalyptus; cyclosporine — Moderate severity with peppermint; amphetamines or pentobarbital — Moderate severity with eucalyptus; and sedative drugs (CNS depressants like benzodiazepines or sleep aids) — Moderate severity with passionflower. We could not check interactions for black elderberry or South African geranium.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This syrup combines several herbs with some evidence for cough and sleep support, but it carries real theoretical risks with a broad range of medications — especially liver-metabolized drugs, blood thinners, diabetes meds, and sedatives. If you take any prescription or over-the-counter medications, run them through the checker on this page first.

Talk to your pharmacist before starting, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have seizure history.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Cough Syrup Nighttime, straight from the product label.

Brand Gaia Herbs
Net contents 4 Fluid Ounce(s); 118 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 20, 2024
DSLD ID 309560
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Cough Syrup Nighttime by Gaia Herbs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
10 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
10 mL
Servings per container
12
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories35 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates8 Gram(s)3%
Added Sugars7 Gram(s)14%
Total Sugars7 Gram(s)--
Honey10.4 Gram(s)--
English Ivy Leaf Extract45 mg--
Essential Oil Blend14 mg--
Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract200 mg--
Black Elderberry Fruit Extract60 mg--
South African Geranium Root Extract86 mg--
Eucalyptus Aerial Parts Essential Oil0 NP--
Peppermint Aerial Parts Essential Oil0 NP--

Other ingredients: Water, Lemon Juice Concentrate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Connecting people, plants & planet

Integrity See the proof of meetyourherbs.com, the world's first herb traceability platform. Discover the Gaia Difference @gaiaherbs

New

Formulation

Purity All products are screened for pesticides, microbes & heavy metals.

No artificial sweeteners No added flavors

Melatonin-free

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org

Helps soothe an occasional dry cough and supports a restful night's sleep

A nighttime companion to our daytime formula.

Formula

Potency Concentrated extracts provide a delicious & convenient way to get your daily dose of herbs.

Cough + Sleep Support Our plant-powered cough syrup is designed to work holistically in the body. It features a blend of respiratory-, immune-, and stress-supporting herbs to help you find comfort and get a restful night's sleep. Featured in this formula: Passionflower This traditional herb is as beautiful as it is calming, long used to support sleep and relaxation.

Made with Elderberry Honey Passionflower South African Geranium

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Gaia Herbs Est. 1987

Seals/Symbols

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use Adults take 2 teaspoons within 1 hour before bedtime. Shake well before use.

Storage

Refrigerate after opening and consume within 6 months.

Refrigerate after opening and consume within 6 months.

Precautions

Not for use during pregnancy or lactation. If you have a medical condition, or take medications, please consult with your healthcare practitioner before use.

Store away from children.

Safety-sealed at neck of bottle.

See for yourself

Cough Syrup Nighttime by Gaia Herbs label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Cough Syrup Nighttime by Gaia Herbs

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size10 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container12 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Honey

Interacts with
736 drugs
10.4 Gram(s) per serving

Honey is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade or Manuka...

Honey monograph & interactions

English Ivy Leaf Extract

Interacts with
280 drugs
45 mg per serving

English ivy leaf extract is most commonly used in cough and cold syrups to help loosen mucus and ease coughing, and it is a popular ingredient in many...

English Ivy Leaf Extract monograph & interactions

Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract

Interacts with
836 drugs
200 mg per serving Form: Passiflora incarnata Aerial Parts Extract

Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restless...

Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract monograph & interactions

Black Elderberry Fruit Extract

Interacts with
121 drugs
60 mg per serving Form: Sambucus nigra Fruit Extract

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu sym...

Black Elderberry Fruit Extract monograph & interactions

South African Geranium Root Extract

86 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Lemon Juice Concentrate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Cough Syrup Nighttime by Gaia Herbs Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Cough Syrup Nighttime?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,212Drugs
1,136 Moderate 76 Minor

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Cough Syrup Nighttime with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Eucalyptus Aerial Parts Essential Oil7 drug types · 878 drugs

Amphetamines

Theoretically, inhaling eucalyptol may reduce the effectiveness of amphetamines.
Animal research suggests that inhaling eucalyptol may reduce the levels of amphetamines in the blood.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, eucalyptus leaf might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that eucalyptus leaf might have hypoglycemic activity, and might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP1A2, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP2C19, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP2C9, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that eucalyptus oil might inhibit CYP3A4, although this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, inhaling eucalyptol might reduce the effectiveness of pentobarbital.
Animal research suggests that inhaling eucalyptol reduces the level of pentobarbital that reaches the brain.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract3 drug types · 836 drugs

Cns Depressants

Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Research in animals and humans shows that passion flower has sedative effects which can be additive when used with sedative medications like lorazepam.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that passion flower can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the passion flower constituents apigenin and vitexin inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. This inhibition may be dose-dependent. One specific high-flavonoid passion flower extract (Valverde) seems to inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, while another extract with a lower flavonoid concentration (Arkocaps) shows less potent inhibition. OATPs are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body; however, the specific activities of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 are not well characterized.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Peppermint Aerial Parts Essential Oil5 drug types · 796 drugs

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, peppermint oil might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, peppermint oil inhibits cyclosporine metabolism and increases cyclosporine levels. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may be partially responsible for this interaction. An interaction between peppermint oil and cyclosporine has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single dose of peppermint oil 600 mg inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and increases the AUC of felodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. However, in vitro research suggests that peppermint oil only inhibits CYP3A4 at very high concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that peppermint oil and peppermint leaf inhibit CYP1A2. However, in clinical research, peppermint tea did not significantly affect the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate. It is possible that the 6-day duration of treatment may have been too short to identify a difference.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Honey3 drug types · 736 drugs

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, honey might increase levels of phenytoin.
In an animal model, the rate and extent of absorption of phenytoin was increased by honey. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, honey inhibits platelet aggregation and increases the time to clotting. Furthermore, animal research suggests that feeding mice large doses of honey for 12 days increases bleeding time when compared with no intervention. However, these effects have not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Some clinical research shows that honey induces CYP3A4. However, other clinical studies found no effect on CYP3A4 activity. Different honey preparations may have different effects on CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

English Ivy Leaf Extract3 drug types · 280 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates

Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2C8 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Black Elderberry Fruit Extract2 drug types · 121 drugs

Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Elderberry has immunostimulant activity, increasing the production of cytokines, including interleukin and tumor necrosis factor.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Pazopanib (Votrient)

Theoretically, elderberry might interact with pazopanib, potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects.
In one case, a 65-year-old patient taking pazopanib for 4 weeks for soft-tissue sarcoma developed severe nausea, loose stools, and elevated alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and was diagnosed with grade 3 liver injury. The patient reported taking elderberry supplements for 2 years, dose unspecified, and was also taking a multivitamin and a calcium supplement. The patient's symptoms and liver enzyme levels improved upon discontinuation of pazopanib and all supplements. Pazopanib treatment was re-initiated, at a lower dose, with no further evidence of liver injury. It was unclear in this case report if the elderberry supplements were derived from the berry, the flower, or the combination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Cough Syrup Nighttime, from the product label.

Gaia Herbs

See all Gaia Herbs products
Name
Gaia Herbs, Inc.
Street Address
101 Gaia Herbs Dr.
City
Brevard
State
NC
ZipCode
28712
Web Address
GaiaHerbs.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Cough Syrup Nighttime by Gaia Herbs: Common Questions

Does Cough Syrup Nighttime by Gaia Herbs interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Cough Syrup Nighttime has a known interaction with 1,212 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Cough Syrup Nighttime contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant?
Passionflower in this syrup is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy due to lack of safety data and possible effects on the uterus — you should avoid it. Honey and peppermint are likely safe in pregnancy in food amounts, and eucalyptus inhalation is likely safe, but the concentrated oils here warrant a conversation with your doctor or midwife.
Can I use this while breastfeeding?
Honey eaten by a breastfeeding mother is considered fine as food, and peppermint and eucalyptus are likely safe in small amounts, but concentrated supplements should be checked with your provider first. English ivy should be avoided while breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data, and passionflower is also best avoided unless your doctor approves.
Will this actually help my cough?
Honey is possibly effective for cough according to our data. Peppermint is possibly effective for nausea. The other ingredients — English ivy, black elderberry, South African geranium, and eucalyptus — don't have established evidence in our database for treating cough specifically.
What's the main side effect I should watch for?
Drowsiness and dizziness are common with passionflower, which makes sense for a nighttime formula. You might also experience nausea, stomach pain, or diarrhea from the herbal extracts, and burning or stinging if the oils contact your mouth or throat directly.
Why is this a nighttime syrup?
Passionflower is possibly effective for insomnia and is known to cause sedation, so it's the main 'sleep support' ingredient here. The other components — honey, peppermint for digestive comfort, and eucalyptus for respiratory support — complement that goal rather than being specific sleep aids.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Cough Syrup Nighttime label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Cough Syrup Nighttime’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Honey

Interacts with 736 drugs

Honey is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade or Manuka honey is used. It is generally safe for...

Read the full Honey monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

English Ivy

Interacts with 280 drugs

English ivy leaf extract is most commonly used in cough and cold syrups to help loosen mucus and ease coughing, and it is a popular ingredient in many European herbal products. Some research...

Read the full English Ivy monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Eucalyptus

Interacts with 878 drugs

Eucalyptus is best known for its strong-smelling oil used in vapor rubs, inhalants, and lozenges to ease coughs and congestion. It may provide mild, short-term relief of cold symptoms, but t...

Read the full Eucalyptus monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Peppermint

Interacts with 796 drugs

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...

Read the full Peppermint monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Passion Flower

Interacts with 836 drugs

Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restlessness, but the evidence is limited and mo...

Read the full Passion Flower monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Elderberry

Interacts with 121 drugs

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu symptoms, but the evidence is limited and n...

Read the full Elderberry monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Cough Syrup Nighttime's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 142 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Honey 40 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. Bose B. Honey or sugar in treatment of infected wounds? Lancet 1982;1:963. PubMed
  4. Ozhan H, Akdemir R, Yazici M, et al. Cardiac emergencies caused by honey ingestion: a single centre experience. Emerg Med J 2004;21:742-4. PubMed
  5. Centers for Disease Control. Botulism in the Unites Sates, 1899-1996. Handbook for epidemiologists, clinicians, and laboratory workers, 1998. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/botulism.PDF.
  6. Simon A, Traynor K, Santos K, et al. Medical honey for wound care - still the 'latest resort'? Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2009;6:165-73. PubMed
  7. Gethin G, Cowman S. Case series of use of Manuka honey in leg ulceration. Int Wound J 2005;2:10-15. PubMed
  8. Ingle R, Levin J, Polinder K. Wound healing with honey - a randomised controlled trial. S Afr Med J 2006;96:831-5.
  9. Johnson DW, van Eps C, Mudge DW, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of topical exit-site application of honey (Medihoney) versus mupirocin for the prevention of catheter-associated infections in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:1456-62. PubMed
  10. Sukriti and Garg, S. K. Influence of honey on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in rabbits. Ind J Pharmacol 2002;34(147).
  11. Jung, A. and Ottosson, J. [Infantile botulism caused by honey]. Ugeskr Laeger 2001;163(2):169.
  12. Gunduz, A., Turedi, S., Uzun, H., and Topbas, M. Mad honey poisoning. Am J Emerg.Med 2006;24(5):595-598.
  13. van der Vorst, M. M., Jamal, W., Rotimi, V. O., and Moosa, A. Infant botulism due to consumption of contaminated commercially prepared honey. First report from the Arabian Gulf States. Med Princ.Pract. 2006;15(6):456-458. PubMed
  14. Tushar, T., Vinod, T., Rajan, S., Shashindran, C., and Adithan, C. Effect of honey on CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzyme activity in healthy human volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007;100(4):269-272. PubMed
  15. Nilforoushzadeh, M. A., Jaffary, F., Moradi, S., Derakhshan, R., and Haftbaradaran, E. Effect of topical honey application along with intralesional injection of glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2007;7:13. PubMed
  16. Koca, I. and Koca, A. F. Poisoning by mad honey: a brief review. Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45(8):1315-1318. PubMed
  17. Akinci, S., Arslan, U., Karakurt, K., and Cengel, A. An unusual presentation of mad honey poisoning: acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2008;129(2):e56-e58. PubMed
  18. Yildirim, N., Aydin, M., Cam, F., and Celik, O. Clinical presentation of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the course of intoxication with mad honey. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26(1):108.e-2. PubMed
  19. Shrestha, P., Vaidya, R., and Sherpa, K. Mad honey poisoning: a rare case report of seven cases. Nepal Med Coll J 2009;11(3):212-213.
  20. Fetzner, L., Burhenne, J., Weiss, J., Völker, M., Unger, M., Mikus, G., and Haefeli, W. E. Daily honey consumption does not change CYP3A activity in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2011;51(8):1223-1232. PubMed
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English Ivy 13 references
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Passion Flower 19 references
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Eucalyptus 23 references
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Peppermint 41 references
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