Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Emerald Laboratories

Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil is a dietary supplement by Emerald Laboratories with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 291 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, Extra Virgin, Coconut Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil by Emerald Laboratories

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil by Emerald Laboratories — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil by Emerald Laboratories

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 4 active ingredients.

This softgel contains 4 ingredients total: extra virgin coconut oil (the active ingredient providing the oil's potential benefits), sodium, polyunsaturated fat, and monounsaturated fat. Gelatin serves as the capsule material.

The product is certified organic and supplied in softgel form for easy swallowing.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Cystic fibrosis — rated "Likely Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity — rated "Possibly Effective" (Sodium) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for this product's effectiveness is limited. For coconut oil itself, the data we hold shows insufficient evidence to rate its use for diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, or lichen planus — meaning we don't have solid proof it works for these purposes.

Sodium's effectiveness ratings in our data relate to specific medical uses (cystic fibrosis, where it's likely effective, and amphotericin B nephrotoxicity, where it's possibly effective) — neither of which appears to be the intended use of a coconut oil supplement.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Coconut

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Coconut oil is generally well tolerated when eaten in normal food amounts. However, concentrated supplement doses of coconut aren't well studied, so check with your doctor before taking high-dose coconut supplements.

Coconut can cause allergic reactions ranging from hives to severe anaphylaxis in people with hypersensitivity to coconut — about half of documented reactions involve anaphylaxis. Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain; normal dietary sodium is fine, but avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice.

Pregnancy and lactation: coconut oil is rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation; sodium's pregnancy and lactation safety is mixed (likely safe in pregnancy, possibly unsafe in lactation), so discuss with your doctor or pharmacist if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Coconut

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Coconut, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 291 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications), lithium, antidiabetes drugs, corticosteroids, didanosine, sodium phosphates, tolvaptan, or any other sodium-containing medications — the sodium in this product may reduce their effectiveness or raise your sodium levels too high.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may appeal to people looking for coconut oil in capsule form, but the effectiveness evidence for coconut oil supplements is not established. If you take medications for blood pressure, heart, kidney, or mental health conditions, diabetes, or any sodium-containing drugs, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting — sodium content could interfere with how well your medications work.

If you have a history of coconut allergy, this product is not for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 25, 2011.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil, straight from the product label.

Brand Emerald Laboratories
Barcode (UPC) 743650000906
Net contents 120 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 25, 2011
DSLD ID 1953
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil by Emerald Laboratories, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
8 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
743650000906
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories36 {Calories}--
Total Carbohydrates0 mg--
Calories from Fat36 {Calories}--
Total Fat4 g6%
Protein0 mg--
Saturated Fat3.5 g18%
Polyunsaturated Fat0.3 g--
Sodium0 mg--
Trans Fat0 g--
Cholesterol0 g--
Extra Virgin, Coconut Oil4000 mg--
Monounsaturated0.1 g--

Other ingredients: Gelatin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended Use: Take four (4) to eight (8) softgels daily with meals or as directed by your health practitioner.

Precautions

KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN

KEEP THIS AND ALL SUPPLEMENTS OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Warning: If pregnant or breast feeding, consult a health professional before using this or any supplement.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Storage

Storage: Its antioxidant action gives extra virgin coconut oil the longest shelf life of any vegetable oil. With a melting point of 75 degrees F, a liquid above 76 degrees F and a solid below 76 degrees F.

Formula

**Fatty Acid Percents will vary slightly batch by batch depending on natural variations in the coconut oil content of each batch.

Fatty Acid** Profile: C8:0 Caprylic Acid C10:0 Capric Acid C12:0 Lauric Acid C14:0 Myristic Acid C16:0 Palmitic Acid C18:0 Stearic Acid C18:1 Oleic Acid C18:2 Linoleic Acid 5.9% 5.7% 49.0% 19.6% 9.3% 4.0% 5.4% 0.8%

General Statements

"Products That Really Work, Naturally"

1 Mensink RP, Zock PL, Arnold DM & MB Katan, Effects of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and apolipopproteins: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(5):1146-1155, May 2003

Cholesterol Control: Not all fatty acids are alike. Lauric acid, for example, is a “good” saturated fatty acid.* An analysis of 60 cholesterol research studies shows that the lauric acid in coconut oil helps maintain cholesterol levels that are already within the normal range, as measured by the ratio of total cholesterol to “good” (HDL) cholesterol.

Immune System: The lauric acid and monoglycerides in mother’s milk help the immune system of the new-born baby. The same lauric acid and monoglycerides in coconut oil help support the adult immune system.*

Intestinal Health: By helping maintain the healthy intestinal flora, coconut oil contributes to the healthy functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.*

Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your caloric needs.

Formulation

A dietary food supplement guaranteed free of corn, milk, soy, salt, sugar, wheat, yeast, artificial Flavors or preservatives.

No Mineral Oil Used In The Production Of These Softgels

Safe As It Is Effective: All natural. Made from 100% pure, fresh coconut meat. No trans fatty acids, no hydrogenated fats. No added fragrances, flavoring, or coloring. Has not been refined, bleached, or deodorized. Has no known side effects.

NOP certified by ECOCERT SA, F-32600 Indicating this product is produced and handled in compliance with the rules as determined by the USDA National Organic Program, Final Rule 7 CFR Part 205.

Seals/Symbols

USDA ORGANIC

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil by Emerald Laboratories label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil by Emerald Laboratories

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protein

0 mg per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
0 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Extra Virgin, Coconut Oil

Interacts with
86 drugs
4000 mg per serving

Coconut is a nutritious tropical food enjoyed as oil, water, milk, and flesh, and it is generally safe to eat in normal food amounts. While some uses...

Extra Virgin, Coconut Oil monograph & interactions

Monounsaturated

0.1 g per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil by Emerald Laboratories Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
291Drugs
205 Moderate 86 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205
Extra Virgin, Coconut Oil 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil interact with 291 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 4 ingredients in Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium Extra Virgin, Coconut Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Extra Virgin, Coconut Oil1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking coconut with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that coconut milk might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Extra Virgin, Coconut Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil, from the product label.

Emerald Laboratories

See all Emerald Laboratories products
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil by Emerald Laboratories: Common Questions

Does Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil by Emerald Laboratories interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil has a known interaction with 291 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I have high blood pressure or take blood pressure medication?
Not without checking first. The sodium in this product may reduce how well your blood pressure medications work. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you're on antihypertensive drugs.
What's the risk with coconut oil and diabetes medication?
Animal research suggests coconut might lower blood sugar levels. If you take diabetes medication, there's a small theoretical risk of your blood sugar dropping too low (hypoglycemia). Check with your doctor or pharmacist before adding this product.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Coconut oil is rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation. Sodium's safety is mixed — likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe in lactation. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice based on your situation.
Does coconut oil actually help with weight loss or cholesterol?
We don't have solid evidence to rate coconut oil's effectiveness for weight loss, high cholesterol, or diabetes. The research we hold is insufficient to say whether it works for these purposes.
What if I'm allergic to tree nuts or coconut?
Avoid this product. Coconut can trigger allergic reactions ranging from hives to anaphylaxis in people with coconut hypersensitivity, and about half of documented reactions are severe.
Is the gelatin capsule a concern?
Gelatin is the capsule material (an inactive ingredient). If you avoid gelatin for religious, dietary, or allergy reasons, this product is not suitable for you.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Coconut

Interacts with 86 drugs

Coconut is a nutritious tropical food enjoyed as oil, water, milk, and flesh, and it is generally safe to eat in normal food amounts. While some uses (like skin moisturizing and hydration) h...

Read the full Coconut monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Extra Virgin, Certified Organic Coconut Oil's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 48 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Coconut 10 references
  1. Teuber SS, Peterson WR. Systemic allergic reaction to coconut (Cocos nucifera) in 2 subjects with hypersensitivity to tree nut and demonstration of cross-reactivity to legumin-like seed storage proteins: new coconut and walnut food allergens. J Allergy Cl PubMed
  2. Rosado A, Fernandez-Rivas M, Gonzalez-Mancebo E, et al. Anaphylaxis to coconut. Allergy 2002;57(2):182-3. PubMed
  3. Karmakar PR, Das A, Chatterjee BP. Placebo-controlled immunotherapy with Cocos nucifera pollen extract. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1994;103(2):194-201. PubMed
  4. Anagnostou K. Coconut Allergy Revisited. Children (Basel). 2017;4(10). pii: E85. PubMed
  5. Cifuentes L, Mistrello G, Amato S, et al. Identification of cross-reactivity between buckwheat and coconut. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;115(6):530-2. PubMed
  6. Michavila Gomez A, Amat Bou M, Gonzalez Cortés MV, Segura Navas L, Moreno Palanques MA, Bartolomé B. Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015;43(2):219-20. PubMed
  7. 21CFR170.3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services. Updated April 1, 2017. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=170.3
  8. Alatawi KA, Alshubaily FA. Coconut products alleviate hyperglycaemic, hyperlipidimic and nephropathy indices in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(8):4224-4231. PubMed
  9. Kruse L, Lor J, Yousif R, Pongracic JA, Fishbein AB. Coconut allergy: Characteristics of reactions and diagnostic predictors in a pediatric tertiary care center. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021;126(5):562-568.
  10. Pathmanandavel K, Kaur N, Joshi P, Ford LS. Anaphylaxis and allergy to coconut: An Australian pediatric case series. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8(10):3657-3659. PubMed

See these in context on the Coconut monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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