Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Prime Nutrition Performance Series

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple is a dietary supplement by Prime Nutrition Performance Series with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for mental alertness and reducing fatigue, improving athletic performance, headache and migraine relief.Based on those ingredients, 2,198 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Glucomannan, Yerba Mate, Garcinia cambogia. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple by Prime Nutrition Performance Series

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple by Prime Nutrition Performance Series — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.
Computed from our clinical databases

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple by Prime Nutrition Performance Series

Four independent checks of what is known — a summary of the available information, not a grade of the product itself.

Evidence for Intended Use
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

The stated purpose hasn't been mapped to our evidence data yet.

Why this rating?
  • We haven't mapped this product's purpose to our evidence data yet — it'll be graded on the next content refresh.
Ingredient Transparency
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (871.10 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
Known Interaction Concern
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Glucomannan, Garcinia, Yerba Mate, Caffeine, Raspberry Ketone.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,199 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.
Safety Information
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

HelloPharmacist summaryFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 25, 2015.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple, straight from the product label.

Brand Prime Nutrition Performance Series
Barcode (UPC) 689466706154
Net contents 2.22 oz.; 63 Gram(s)
Market status Off market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 25, 2015
DSLD ID 42367
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple by Prime Nutrition Performance Series, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1.4 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1.4 Gram(s)
Servings per container
45
UPC/BARCODE
689466706154
IngredientAmount% DV
Caffeine Anhydrous0 NP--
Raspberry Ketones0 NP--
Glucomannan0 NP--
Proprietary Blend871.1 mg--
Garcinia cambogia0 NP--
Yerba Mate0 NP--
3,3'-Diiodothyronine0 NP--

Other ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural & Artificial flavors, Sucralose, Acesulfame-K, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Naturally & Artificially Flavored

-THE BEST OR NOTHING-

FATBURNER Prime Nutrition Performance Series designed FatBurner to promote thermogenesis and to aid in body fat reduction. FatBurner was formulated to suppress appetite. Increase metabolism and enhance focus and energy.*

APPETITE SUPPRESSANT* THERMOGENIC FAT LOSS* INCREASE METABOLISM*

WWW.PRIME NUTRITION.COM

45 SERVINGS

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

PERFORMANCE TRAINING USAGE: As a dietary supplement consume 1 serving in the morning and 1 serving pre-workout. For best results user may consume up to 2 servings per day, both pre-workout. To mix combine 1 serving (1 scoop) per 8-12oz of water. Stir vigorously with a spoon or mix in a shaker cup. Do not exceed recommended dosage.

Formula

100% PURE MICRONIZED FATBURNER FORMULA

Precautions

WARNING: Not for use for individuals under the age of 18 years.

Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing.

Do not exceed recommended serving. Exceeding recommended serving may cause serious adverse health effects. Discontinue use and call a physician or licensed qualified health care professional immediately if you experience any adverse symptoms. Improper use of this product may be hazardous to a person's health. Exceeding recommended serving will not improve results.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formulation

No Artificial Colors or Dyes

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Seals/Symbols

P

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple by Prime Nutrition Performance Series label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple by Prime Nutrition Performance Series

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1.4 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

871.1 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural & Artificial flavors, Sucralose, Acesulfame-K, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple by Prime Nutrition Performance Series Drug Interactions

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple contains 6 ingredients, and 5 of them have known drug interactions. Altogether they interact with 2,198 medications. Here’s the picture, then you can look up your own drug.

Want to check YOUR meds against Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
2,198Drugs
8 Major 2,151 Moderate 39 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Glucomannan 2,022
Yerba Mate 1,086
Garcinia cambogia 704
Caffeine Anhydrous 655
Raspberry Ketones 174

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple interact with 2,198 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 6 ingredients in Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Glucomannan Yerba Mate Garcinia cambogia Caffeine Anhydrous Raspberry Ketones

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Glucomannan1 drug type · 2,022 drugs

Oral Drugs

Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Due to its viscosity and bulking effects, there is concern that glucomannan can decrease the absorption of oral drugs. A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that taking glyburide 2.5 mg plus glucomannan 3.9 grams with breakfast reduces plasma levels of glyburide when compared with breakfast and glyburide alone. In addition, animal research demonstrates this effect on amoxicillin, but shows increased absorption of metronidazole. This mouse model also demonstrates that metronidazole elimination is prolonged, but amoxicillin elimination is enhanced by 38%; glucomannan may also affect the distribution of some drugs. To avoid changes in absorption, take glucomannan 30-60 minutes after taking oral drugs.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Glucomannan full monograph & interactions

Yerba Mate43 drug types · 1,086 drugs

Ephedrine

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects when used concomitantly with ephedrine.
Use of ephedrine with caffeine can increase the risk of stimulatory adverse effects. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Adenosine (Adenocard)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Some evidence shows that caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine and can reduce the vasodilatory effects of adenosine in humans. However, other research shows that caffeine does not seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. Still, some researchers recommend that methylxanthines, such as caffeine, as well as methylxanthine-containing products, should be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine is reported to have antiplatelet activity. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with these agents; however, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Benzodiazepines

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the efficacy of benzodiazepines.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine can antagonize the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists, especially if taken in large amounts.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine can increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can lower the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and can induce seizures when taken in doses above 400 mg/kg. Human research has shown that taking caffeine 300 mg in three divided doses along with carbamazepine 200 mg reduces the bioavailability of carbamazepine by 32% and prolongs the plasma half-life of carbamazepine two-fold in healthy individuals.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Theoretically, cimetidine might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine contained in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Cimetidine decreases caffeine clearance by 31% to 42%.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Clozapine (Clozaril)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and adverse effects of clozapine and acutely exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine might increase the effects and toxicity of clozapine. Caffeine doses of 400-1000 mg per day inhibit clozapine metabolism. Clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Although researchers speculate that caffeine might inhibit CYP1A2, there is no reliable evidence that caffeine affects CYP1A2. There is also speculation that genetic factors might make some patients more sensitive to an interaction between clozapine and caffeine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine inhibits dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. Still, some researchers recommend that methylxanthines, such as caffeine, as well as methylxanthine-containing products, should be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Theoretically, disulfiram might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Disulfiram decreases the rate of caffeine clearance.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk of hypokalemia when used concomitantly with other diuretics.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine, especially in excessive amounts, can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of ethosuximide and increase the risk for convulsion.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research shows that caffeine 92.4 mg/kg can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Felbamate (Felbatol)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of felbamate and increase the risk for convulsion.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research shows that a high dose of caffeine 161.7 mg/kg can decreases the anticonvulsant activity of felbamate. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Flutamide (Eulexin)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and adverse effects of flutamide.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. In vitro evidence suggests that caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of flutamide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, abrupt withdrawal of the caffeine in yerba mate might increase serum lithium levels.
Yerba mate contains caffeine, which has diuretic activity. When abruptly discontinued, it might alter the clearance of lithium. There are two case reports of lithium tremor that worsened upon abrupt coffee withdrawal.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, use of yerba mate with midazolam might increase midazolam metabolite levels and adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that yerba mate extract containing 6.75% chlorogenic acid significantly inhibits the metabolism of midazolam via inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase risk of a hypertensive crisis when used concomitantly with MAOIs.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine has been shown to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B in laboratory studies. Concomitant intake of large amounts of caffeine with MAOIs might precipitate a hypertensive crisis. In a case report, a patient that consumed 10-12 cups of caffeinated coffee and took the MAOI tranylcypromine presented with severe hypertension. Hypertension was resolved after the patient switched to drinking decaffeinated coffee.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nicotine

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase risk of hypertension when used concomitantly with nicotine.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Concomitant use of caffeine and nicotine has been shown to have additive cardiovascular effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. Blood pressure was increased by 10.8/12.4 mmHg when the agents were used concomitantly.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might decrease the effects of pentobarbital.
The caffeine in yerba mate might negate the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phenobarbital (Luminal)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenylpropanolamine

Theoretically, phenylpropanolamine might increase the risk of hypertension as well as the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Concomitant use of phenylpropanolamine and caffeine might cause an additive increase in blood pressure. Phenylpropanolamine also seems to increase caffeine serum levels.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of phenytoin and increase the risk for convulsions.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin. The effect does not seem to be related to the seizure threshold-lowering effects of caffeine. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Pioglitazone (Actos)

Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of pioglitazone.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can modestly increase the maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life of pioglitazone, and also reduce its clearance. This increased the antidiabetic effects of pioglitazone. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Yerba Mate full monograph & all 43 interactions

Garcinia cambogia4 drug types · 704 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
HCA inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro. The inhibitory effect seems to be greater in platelets extracted from diabetic subjects than non-diabetic subjects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main active ingredient in garcinia, might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
HCA reduces fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in animal models, theoretically by delaying glucose absorption. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
There have been reports of acute hepatitis with elevated liver enzymes associated with garcinia, when taken alone or in combination with other ingredients. Case reports collected from the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network suggest this risk may be greater in people who carry the HLA B*35:01 allele.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, combining garcinia with other serotonergic drugs might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome.
In one report, a patient experienced serotonin syndrome after taking garcinia extract (60% hydroxycitric acid) 1000 mg daily in combination with escitalopram 20 mg, which had been taken for a year. The patient was switched to sertraline 50 mg daily and again experienced serotonin syndrome.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Garcinia cambogia full monograph & interactions

Caffeine Anhydrous41 drug types · 655 drugs

Ephedrine

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects.
Use of ephedrine with caffeine can increase the risk of stimulatory adverse effects. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Adenosine (Adenocard)

Theoretically, caffeine might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Some evidence shows that caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine and can reduce the vasodilatory effects of adenosine in humans. However, other research shows that caffeine does not seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, caffeine may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Caffeine is reported to have antiplatelet activity. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with these agents; however, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Theoretically, large amounts of caffeine might increase the cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that taking caffeine can lower the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and can induce seizures when taken in doses above 400 mg/kg. Human research has shown that taking caffeine 300 mg in three divided doses along with carbamazepine 200 mg reduces the bioavailability of carbamazepine by 32% and prolongs the plasma half-life of carbamazepine 2-fold in healthy individuals.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Theoretically, cimetidine might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Cimetidine decreases the rate of caffeine clearance by 31% to 42%.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Clozapine (Clozaril)

Caffeine might increase the levels and adverse effects of clozapine and acutely exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Caffeine might increase the effects and toxicity of clozapine. Caffeine doses of 400-1000 mg per day inhibit clozapine metabolism. Clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Although researchers speculate that caffeine might inhibit CYP1A2, there is no reliable evidence that caffeine affects CYP1A2. There is also speculation that genetic factors might make some patients more sensitive to an interaction between clozapine and caffeine. In one case report, severe, life-threatening clozapine toxicity and multiorgan system failure occurred in a patient with schizophrenia stabilized on clozapine who consumed caffeine 600 mg daily.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Theoretically, caffeine might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Caffeine inhibits dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Theoretically, disulfiram use might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Disulfiram decreases the rate of caffeine clearance.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, using caffeine with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Caffeine, especially in excessive amounts, can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of ethosuximide and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that caffeine 92.4 mg/kg can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Felbamate (Felbatol)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of felbamate and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that a high dose of caffeine 161.7 mg/kg can decreases the anticonvulsant activity of felbamate. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Flutamide (Eulexin)

Theoretically, caffeine might increase the levels and adverse effects of flutamide.
In vitro evidence suggests that caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of flutamide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Abrupt caffeine withdrawal might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Caffeine has diuretic activity. When abruptly discontinued, caffeine may alter the clearance of lithium. There are two case reports of lithium tremor that worsened upon abrupt coffee withdrawal and 6 case reports of elevated serum lithium levels after reducing or eliminating caffeine intake. In one case, a male with schizoaffective disorder stabilized on lithium had an elevated lithium level after reducing his caffeine intake by 87%. At a later date, he increased his caffeine intake by 6-fold, resulting in a subtherapeutic lithium level and a recurrence of psychiatric symptoms.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of a hypertensive crisis.
Caffeine has been shown to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B in laboratory studies. Concomitant intake of large amounts of caffeine with MAOIs might precipitate a hypertensive crisis. In a case report, a patient that consumed 10-12 cups of caffeinated coffee and took the MAOI tranylcypromine presented with severe hypertension. Hypertension was resolved after the patient switched to drinking decaffeinated coffee.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nicotine

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of hypertension.
Concomitant use of caffeine and nicotine has been shown to have additive cardiovascular effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. Blood pressure was increased by 10.8/12.4 mmHg when the agents were used concomitantly.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, caffeine might decrease the effects of pentobarbital.
Caffeine might negate the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phenobarbital (Luminal)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenylpropanolamine

Theoretically, phenylpropanolamine might increase the risk of hypertension, as well as the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Concomitant use of phenylpropanolamine and caffeine might cause an additive increase in blood pressure. Phenylpropanolamine also seems to increase caffeine serum levels.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of phenytoin and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin. The effect does not seem to be related to the seizure threshold-lowering effects of caffeine. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pioglitazone (Actos)

Theoretically, caffeine might increase the levels and clinical effects of pioglitazone.
Animal research suggests that caffeine can modestly increase the maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life of pioglitazone, and also reduce its clearance. This increased the antidiabetic effects of pioglitazone. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Theoretically, quinolone antibiotics might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Quinolones (also called fluoroquinolones) can decrease caffeine clearance by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Riluzole (Rilutek)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of both caffeine and riluzole.
Caffeine and riluzole are both metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), and concomitant use might reduce the metabolism of one or both agents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Caffeine Anhydrous full monograph & all 41 interactions

Raspberry Ketones2 drug types · 174 drugs

Stimulant Drugs

Theoretically, raspberry ketone might increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular effects with stimulant drugs.
Structurally, raspberry ketone resembles synephrine, a known stimulant agent. Heart palpitations, elevated blood pressure, coronary vasospasm, pulseless electrical activity arrest, and resistant polymorphic ventricular tachycardia have been reported in patients taking raspberry ketone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, raspberry ketone might increase warfarin dose requirements.
In one case report, a patient taking warfarin 55 mg per week had a decrease in INR over a period of one month while taking raspberry ketone 250 mg daily. A warfarin dose increase to 70 mg per week was necessary to maintain a therapeutic INR while taking raspberry ketone. The mechanism for this potential interaction is not known.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Raspberry Ketones full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple, from the product label.

Prime Nutrition Performance Series

See all Prime Nutrition Performance Series products
Name
Prime Nutrition(R) Prime Nutrition LLC
Street Address
21218 St. Andrews Blvd. Suite 230
City
Boca Raton
State
FL
ZipCode
33434
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple by Prime Nutrition Performance Series: Common Questions

Does Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple by Prime Nutrition Performance Series interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple has a known interaction with 2,198 medications, including 8 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Caffeine

Interacts with 655 drugs

Caffeine is a natural stimulant found in coffee, tea, and many other plants and products. In moderate amounts it can boost alertness and reduce tiredness for most healthy adults, but too muc...

Read the full Caffeine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Raspberry Ketone

Interacts with 174 drugs

Raspberry ketone is a natural aroma compound found in red raspberries that is heavily marketed for weight loss, but there is no good human evidence that it helps people lose weight. Most cla...

Read the full Raspberry Ketone monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glucomannan

Interacts with 2,022 drugs

Glucomannan is a soluble fiber from the konjac root that swells into a gel in your stomach, which may help with mild weight loss, constipation, and modestly lowering cholesterol. It is gener...

Read the full Glucomannan monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Garcinia

Interacts with 704 drugs

Garcinia is a tropical fruit whose rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), widely marketed for weight loss and appetite control. The scientific evidence is weak and mixed, with most studies...

Read the full Garcinia monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Yerba Mate

Interacts with 1,086 drugs

Yerba mate is a caffeine-containing herbal beverage from South America that is widely enjoyed for its stimulating, coffee-like effects. While it is rich in antioxidants and is being studied...

Read the full Yerba Mate monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Diiodothyronine

Diiodothyronine (T2) is a thyroid hormone metabolite sold as a fat-loss and metabolism supplement, mostly in the bodybuilding world. Human evidence for its safety and effectiveness is very l...

Read the full Diiodothyronine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Fatburner Weightloss Support Pineapple's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 425 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Caffeine 236 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: a drug interaction established using in vivo and in vitro investigations. Am J Med 1989;87:89S-91S. PubMed
  3. Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, et al. Effect of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:234-40. PubMed
  4. Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:474-8. PubMed
  5. Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, et al. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood levels. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:348-50. PubMed
  6. Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3.
  7. Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, et al. Influence of mexiletine on caffeine elimination. Pharmacol Ther 1987;33:163-9. PubMed
  8. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  9. Wakabayashi K, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: A study of self-defense officials in Japan. Eur J Epidemiol 1998;14:669-73. PubMed
  10. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of drinking green and black tea. J Hypertens 1999;17:457-63. PubMed
  11. Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Caffeine intake increases the rate of bone loss in elderly women and interacts with vitamin D receptor genotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:694-700. PubMed
  12. The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
  13. Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, et al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1639-44. PubMed
  14. Eskenazi B. Caffeine—filtering the facts. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1688-9. PubMed
  15. Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998;12:435-44. PubMed
  16. Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40. PubMed
  17. Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9. PubMed
  18. Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O'Brien CP. The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a controlled, blinded pilot experiment. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:1221-32. PubMed
  19. FDA. Proposed rule: dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. Available at: www.verity.fda.gov (Accessed 25 January 2000).
  20. Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
  21. Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63. PubMed
  22. Tobias JD. Caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants. South Med J 2000;93:297-304. DOI
  23. Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Influence of caffeine on the frequency and perception of hypoglycemia in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:455-9. PubMed
  24. Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, et al. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:256-61. PubMed
  25. American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
  26. Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9.
  27. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. PubMed
  28. Ali M, Afzal M. A potent inhibitor of thrombin stimulated platelet thromboxane formation from unprocessed tea. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987;27:9-13. PubMed
  29. Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967;18:670-3. DOI
  30. Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine intake and endogenous sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996:144:642-4. PubMed
  31. Avisar R, Avisar E, Weinberger D. Effect of coffee consumption on intraocular pressure. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:992-5.. PubMed
  32. Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1399-403. PubMed
  33. Horner NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:1368-80. PubMed
  34. Bracken MB, Triche EW, Belanger K, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption with decrements in fetal growth. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:456-66.. PubMed
  35. McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms after chronic maternal ingestion of caffeine. South Med J 1988;81:1092-4.. PubMed
  36. Massey LK. Is caffeine a risk factor for bone loss in the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:569-70. PubMed
  37. Dreher HM. The effect of caffeine reduction on sleep quality and well-being in persons with HIV. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:191-8.. PubMed
  38. Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. PubMed
  39. Schechter MD, Timmons GD. Objectively measured hyperactivity--II. Caffeine and amphetamine effects. J Clin Pharmacol 1985;25:276-80.. PubMed
  40. Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. The effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:183. DOI
  41. Infante S, Baeza ML, Calvo M, et al. Anaphylaxis due to caffeine. Allergy 2003;58:681-2. PubMed
  42. Massey LK, Whiting SJ. Caffeine, urinary calcium, calcium metabolism and bone. J Nutr 1993;123:1611-4. PubMed
  43. Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, et al. Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit Contam 2003;20:1-30. PubMed
  44. May DC, Jarboe CH, VanBakel AB, Williams WM. Effects of cimetidine on caffeine disposition in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:656-61. PubMed
  45. Abernethy DR, Todd EL. Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low-dose oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;28:425-8. PubMed
  46. Brown NJ, Ryder D, Branch RA. A pharmacodynamic interaction between caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:363-71. PubMed
  47. Sanderink GJ, Bournique B, Stevens J, et al. Involvement of human CYP1A isoenzymes in the metabolism and drug interactions of riluzole in vitro. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:1465-72. DOI
  48. Wahllander A, Paumgartner G. Effect of ketoconazole and terbinafine on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;37:279-83. PubMed
  49. Carrillo JA, Benitez J. Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39:127-53. PubMed
  50. Underwood DA. Which medications should be held before a pharmacologic or exercise stress test? Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69:449-50. PubMed
  51. Aqel RA, Zoghbi GJ, Trimm JR, et al. Effect of caffeine administered intravenously on intracoronary-administered adenosine-induced coronary hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:343-6. PubMed
  52. Zheng XM, Williams RC. Serum caffeine levels after 24-hour abstention: clinical implications on dipyridamole (201)Tl myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med Technol 2002;30:123-7.
  53. Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html. DOI
  54. Dews PB, O'Brien CP, Bergman J. Caffeine: behavioral effects of withdrawal and related issues. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1257-61. PubMed
  55. Beach CA, Mays DC, Guiler RC, et al. Inhibition of elimination of caffeine by disulfiram in normal subjects and recovering alcoholics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;39:265-70. PubMed
  56. Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;176:1-29. PubMed
  57. Winkelmayer WC, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Curhan GC. Habitual caffeine intake and the risk of hypertension in women. JAMA 2005;294:2330-5. PubMed
  58. Raaska K, Raitasuo V, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of caffeine-containing versus decaffeinated coffee on serum clozapine concentrations in hospitalised patients. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;94:13-8. DOI
  59. Forrest WH Jr, Bellville JW, Brown BW Jr. The interaction of caffeine with pentobarbital as a nighttime hypnotic. Anesthesiology 1972;36:37-41. PubMed
  60. Lake CR, Rosenberg DB, Gallant S, et al. Phenylpropanolamine increases plasma caffeine levels. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990;47:675-85. PubMed
  61. Weng X, Odouli R, Li DK. Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:279.e1-8. PubMed
  62. Savitz DA, Chan RL, Herring AH, et al. Caffeine and miscarriage risk. Epidemiology 2008;19:55-62. PubMed
  63. Shet, M. S., McPhaul, M., Fisher, C. W., Stallings, N. R., and Estabrook, R. W. Metabolism of the antiandrogenic drug (Flutamide) by human CYP1A2. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997;25(11):1298-1303.
  64. Staib, A. H., Stille, W., Dietlein, G., Shah, P. M., Harder, S., Mieke, S., and Beer, C. Interaction between quinolones and caffeine. Drugs 1987;34 Suppl 1:170-174. PubMed
  65. Stille, W., Harder, S., Mieke, S., Beer, C., Shah, P. M., Frech, K., and Staib, A. H. Decrease of caffeine elimination in man during co-administration of 4-quinolones. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. 1987;20(5):729-734. PubMed
  66. Fuhr, U., Strobl, G., Manaut, F., Anders, E. M., Sorgel, F., Lopez-de-Brinas, E., Chu, D. T., Pernet, A. G., Mahr, G., Sanz, F., and . Quinolone antibacterial agents: relationship between structure and in vitro inhibition of the human cytochrome P450 isof
  67. Kot, M. and Daniel, W. A. Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and ticlopidine on CYP1A2 activity and caffeine metabolism: an in vitro comparative study with human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and liver microsomes. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(6):1216-1220. PubMed
  68. Gasior, M., Borowicz, K., Buszewicz, G., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital and valproate against maximal electroshock in mice during chronic treatment with caffeine and caffeine discontinuation. Epilepsia 1996;37(3 PubMed
  69. Jankiewicz, K., Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Blaszczyk, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. [Caffeine and antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data]. Przegl.Lek. 2007;64(11):965-967.
  70. Luszczki, J. J., Zuchora, M., Sawicka, K. M., Kozinska, J., and Czuczwar, S. J. Acute exposure to caffeine decreases the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, but not that of clonazepam, phenobarbital and valproate against pentetrazole-induced seizures i
  71. Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Jargiello-Baszak, M., Walek, M., Tylus, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. Caffeine and the anticonvulsant potency of antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data. Pharmacol.Rep. 2011;63(1):12-18. PubMed
  72. Vaz, J., Kulkarni, C., David, J., and Joseph, T. Influence of caffeine on pharmacokinetic profile of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in normal human volunteers. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 1998;36(1):112-114.
  73. Gasior, M., Swiader, M., Przybylko, M., Borowicz, K., Turski, W. A., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Felbamate demonstrates low propensity for interaction with methylxanthines and Ca2+ channel modulators against experimental seizures in mice. Eur.J Phar PubMed
  74. Balogh, A., Klinger, G., Henschel, L., Borner, A., Vollanth, R., and Kuhnz, W. Influence of ethinylestradiol-containing combination oral contraceptives with gestodene or levonorgestrel on caffeine elimination. Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1995;48(2):161-166. PubMed
  75. Mohiuddin, M., Azam, A. T., Amran, M. S., and Hossain, M. A. In vive effects of gliclazide and metformin on the plasma concentration of caffeine in healthy rats. Pak.J Biol Sci 5-1-2009;12(9):734-737.
  76. Mays, D. C., Camisa, C., Cheney, P., Pacula, C. M., Nawoot, S., and Gerber, N. Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of the metabolism of caffeine in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1987;42(6):621-626. PubMed
  77. Wojcikowski, J. and Daniel, W. A. Perazine at therapeutic drug concentrations inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2) and caffeine metabolism--an in vitro study. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(5):851-858. PubMed
  78. Daniel, W. A., Syrek, M., Rylko, Z., and Kot, M. Effects of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the rate of caffeine demethylation and hydroxylation in the rat liver. Pol.J Pharmacol 2001;53(6):615-621.
  79. Norager, C. B., Jensen, M. B., Weimann, A., and Madsen, M. R. Metabolic effects of caffeine ingestion and physical work in 75-year old citizens. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65(2):223-228. PubMed
  80. Bailey, D. N., Weibert, R. T., Naylor, A. J., and Shaw, R. F. A study of salicylate and caffeine excretion in the breast milk of two nursing mothers. J.Anal.Toxicol. 1982;6(2):64-68. PubMed
  81. Griffiths, R. R. and Chausmer, A. L. Caffeine as a model drug of dependence: recent developments in understanding caffeine withdrawal, the caffeine dependence syndrome, and caffeine negative reinforcement. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 2000;20(
  82. Karacan, I., Thornby, J. I., Anch, M., Booth, G. H., Williams, R. L., and Salis, P. J. Dose-related sleep disturbances induced by coffee and caffeine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1976;20(6):682-689. PubMed
  83. Quirce, G. S., Freire, P., Fernandez, R. M., Davila, I., and Losada, E. Urticaria from caffeine. J.Allergy Clin Immunol. 1991;88(4):680-681. PubMed
  84. Hughes, J. R., Higgins, S. T., Bickel, W. K., Hunt, W. K., Fenwick, J. W., Gulliver, S. B., and Mireault, G. C. Caffeine self-administration, withdrawal, and adverse effects among coffee drinkers. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 1991;48(7):611-617. PubMed
  85. Adams, B. A. and Brubaker, R. F. Caffeine has no clinically significant effect on aqueous humor flow in the normal human eye. Ophthalmology 1990;97(8):1030-1031. PubMed
  86. Davis, R. H. Does caffeine ingestion affect intraocular pressure?. Ophthalmology 1989;96(11):1680-1681. PubMed
  87. Higginbotham, E. J., Kilimanjaro, H. A., Wilensky, J. T., Batenhorst, R. L., and Hermann, D. The effect of caffeine on intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Ophthalmology 1989;96(5):624-626.
  88. Wrenn, K. D. and Oschner, I. Rhabdomyolysis induced by a caffeine overdose. Ann.Emerg.Med. 1989;18(1):94-97. PubMed
  89. Pola, J., Subiza, J., Armentia, A., Zapata, C., Hinojosa, M., Losada, E., and Valdivieso, R. Urticaria caused by caffeine. Ann.Allergy 1988;60(3):207-208.
  90. Lane, J. D. and Williams, R. B., Jr. Cardiovascular effects of caffeine and stress in regular coffee drinkers. Psychophysiology 1987;24(2):157-164. PubMed
  91. Shirlow, M. J. and Mathers, C. D. A study of caffeine consumption and symptoms; indigestion, palpitations, tremor, headache and insomnia. Int.J.Epidemiol. 1985;14(2):239-248. PubMed
  92. Stillner, V., Popkin, M. K., and Pierce, C. M. Caffeine-induced delirium during prolonged competitive stress. Am.J.Psychiatry 1978;135(7):855-856. PubMed
  93. Levy, M. and Zylber-Katz, E. Caffeine metabolism and coffee-attributed sleep disturbances. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983;33(6):770-775. PubMed
  94. Brown, S. L., Salive, M. E., Pahor, M., Foley, D. J., Corti, M. C., Langlois, J. A., Wallace, R. B., and Harris, T. B. Occult caffeine as a source of sleep problems in an older population. J.Am.Geriatr.Soc. 1995;43(8):860-864. PubMed
  95. Sung, B. H., Whitsett, T. L., Lovallo, W. R., al'Absi, M., Pincomb, G. A., and Wilson, M. F. Prolonged increase in blood pressure by a single oral dose of caffeine in mildly hypertensive men. Am.J Hypertens. 1994;7(8):755-758. PubMed
  96. Caballero, T., Garcia-Ara, C., Pascual, C., Diaz-Pena, J. M., and Ojeda, A. Urticaria induced by caffeine. J.Investig.Allergol.Clin Immunol. 1993;3(3):160-162.
  97. Smits, P., Temme, L., and Thien, T. The cardiovascular interaction between caffeine and nicotine in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;54(2):194-204. PubMed
  98. Garrett, B. E. and Griffiths, R. R. Physical dependence increases the relative reinforcing effects of caffeine versus placebo. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1998;139(3):195-202. PubMed
  99. Lane, J. D. and Phillips-Bute, B. G. Caffeine deprivation affects vigilance performance and mood. Physiol Behav. 1998;65(1):171-175. PubMed
  100. Boekema, P. J., Samsom, M., van Berge Henegouwen, G. P., and Smout, A. J. Coffee and gastrointestinal function: facts and fiction. A review. Scand J Gastroenterol.Suppl 1999;230:35-39. PubMed
  101. Terry, P., Lagergren, J., Wolk, A., and Nyren, O. Reflux-inducing dietary factors and risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Nutr Cancer 2000;38(2):186-191.
  102. Pollak, C. P. and Bright, D. Caffeine consumption and weekly sleep patterns in US seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-graders. Pediatrics 2003;111(1):42-46. PubMed
  103. DiBaise, J. K. A randomized, double-blind comparison of two different coffee-roasting processes on development of heartburn and dyspepsia in coffee-sensitive individuals. Dig.Dis.Sci 2003;48(4):652-656. PubMed
  104. Wang, J. H., Luo, J. Y., Dong, L., Gong, J., and Tong, M. Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a general population-based study in Xi'an of Northwest China. World J Gastroenterol. 6-1-2004;10(11):1647-1651. PubMed
  105. Naliboff, B. D., Mayer, M., Fass, R., Fitzgerald, L. Z., Chang, L., Bolus, R., and Mayer, E. A. The effect of life stress on symptoms of heartburn. Psychosom.Med 2004;66(3):426-434. PubMed
  106. Massey, L. K. and Sutton, R. A. Acute caffeine effects on urine composition and calcium kidney stone risk in calcium stone formers. J.Urol. 2004;172(2):555-558. PubMed
  107. Tavani, A. and La, Vecchia C. Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea and cancer of the colon and rectum: a review of epidemiological studies, 1990-2003. Cancer Causes Control 2004;15(8):743-757. PubMed
  108. Noordzij, M., Uiterwaal, C. S., Arends, L. R., Kok, F. J., Grobbee, D. E., and Geleijnse, J. M. Blood pressure response to chronic intake of coffee and caffeine: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2005;23(5):921-928. PubMed
  109. Chandrasekaran, S., Rochtchina, E., and Mitchell, P. Effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. J Glaucoma. 2005;14(6):504-507. PubMed
  110. Morgan, J. C. and Sethi, K. D. Drug-induced tremors. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4(12):866-876. PubMed
  111. Doan, B. K., Hickey, P. A., Lieberman, H. R., and Fischer, J. R. Caffeinated tube food effect on pilot performance during a 9-hour, simulated nighttime U-2 mission. Aviat.Space Environ Med 2006;77(10):1034-1040.
  112. Whalen, D. J., Silk, J. S., Semel, M., Forbes, E. E., Ryan, N. D., Axelson, D. A., Birmaher, B., and Dahl, R. E. Caffeine consumption, sleep, and affect in the natural environments of depressed youth and healthy controls. J Pediatr.Psychol. 2008;33(4):35 PubMed
  113. MacKenzie, T., Comi, R., Sluss, P., Keisari, R., Manwar, S., Kim, J., Larson, R., and Baron, J. A. Metabolic and hormonal effects of caffeine: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Metabolism 2007;56(12):1694-1698. PubMed
  114. Mort, J. R. and Kruse, H. R. Timing of blood pressure measurement related to caffeine consumption. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(1):105-110.
  115. Ganmaa, D., Willett, W. C., Li, T. Y., Feskanich, D., van Dam, R. M., Lopez-Garcia, E., Hunter, D. J., and Holmes, M. D. Coffee, tea, caffeine and risk of breast cancer: a 22-year follow-up. Int J Cancer 5-1-2008;122(9):2071-2076. PubMed
  116. Killgore, W. D., Rupp, T. L., Grugle, N. L., Reichardt, R. M., Lipizzi, E. L., and Balkin, T. J. Effects of dextroamphetamine, caffeine and modafinil on psychomotor vigilance test performance after 44 h of continuous wakefulness. J Sleep Res 2008;17(3):3 PubMed
  117. Ozsungur, S., Brenner, D., and El-Sohemy, A. Fourteen well-described caffeine withdrawal symptoms factor into three clusters. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009;201(4):541-548. PubMed
  118. Ishitani, K., Lin, J., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., and Zhang, S. M. Caffeine consumption and the risk of breast cancer in a large prospective cohort of women. Arch Intern Med 10-13-2008;168(18):2022-2031. PubMed
  119. Tunnicliffe, J. M., Erdman, K. A., Reimer, R. A., Lun, V., and Shearer, J. Consumption of dietary caffeine and coffee in physically active populations: physiological interactions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008;33(6):1301-1310. PubMed
  120. Sin, C. W., Ho, J. S., and Chung, J. W. Systematic review on the effectiveness of caffeine abstinence on the quality of sleep. J Clin Nurs. 2009;18(1):13-21. PubMed
  121. Lopez-Garcia, E., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Rexrode, K. M., Logroscino, G., Hu, F. B., and van Dam, R. M. Coffee consumption and risk of stroke in women. Circulation 3-3-2009;119(8):1116-1123. PubMed
  122. Zhang, W., Lopez-Garcia, E., Li, T. Y., Hu, F. B., and van Dam, R. M. Coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality among men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32(6):1043-1045. PubMed
  123. Killgore, W. D., Kahn-Greene, E. T., Grugle, N. L., Killgore, D. B., and Balkin, T. J. Sustaining executive functions during sleep deprivation: A comparison of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil. Sleep 2-1-2009;32(2):205-216. PubMed
  124. Natale, F., Cirillo, C., Di Marco, G. M., di Vetta, L. S., Aronne, L., Siciliano, A., Mocerino, R., Tedesco, M. A., Golino, P., and Calabro, R. When chewing gum is more than just a bad habit. Lancet 5-30-2009;373(9678):1918. PubMed
  125. Calamaro, C. J., Mason, T. B., and Ratcliffe, S. J. Adolescents living the 24/7 lifestyle: effects of caffeine and technology on sleep duration and daytime functioning. Pediatrics 2009;123(6):e1005-e1010. PubMed
  126. Koran, L. M., Aboujaoude, E., and Gamel, N. N. Double-blind study of dextroamphetamine versus caffeine augmentation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70(11):1530-1535. PubMed
  127. Luebbe, A. M. and Bell, D. J. Mountain Dew or mountain don't?: a pilot investigation of caffeine use parameters and relations to depression and anxiety symptoms in 5th- and 10th-grade students. J Sch Health 2009;79(8):380-387.
  128. Skouroliakou, M., Bacopoulou, F., and Markantonis, S. L. Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea of prematurity: a randomised controlled trial. J Paediatr.Child Health 2009;45(10):587-592. PubMed
  129. Urade, Y. [Molecular mechanisms of insomnia]. Nippon Rinsho 2009;67(8):1489-1493.
  130. Montandon, G., Horner, R. L., Kinkead, R., and Bairam, A. Caffeine in the neonatal period induces long-lasting changes in sleep and breathing in adult rats. J Physiol 11-15-2009;587(Pt 22):5493-5507. PubMed
  131. Addicott, M. A. and Laurienti, P. J. A comparison of the effects of caffeine following abstinence and normal caffeine use. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009;207(3):423-431. PubMed
  132. Hashim, H. and Al, Mousa R. Management of fluid intake in patients with overactive bladder. Curr.Urol.Rep. 2009;10(6):428-433. PubMed
  133. Moisey, L. L., Robinson, L. E., and Graham, T. E. Consumption of caffeinated coffee and a high carbohydrate meal affects postprandial metabolism of a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test in young, healthy males. Br.J Nutr. 2010;103(6):833-841. PubMed
  134. Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Ratnaraj, N., Patsalos, P. N., and Czuczwar, S. J. Effect of caffeine on the anticonvulsant effects of oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine and tiagabine in a mouse model of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(5):819 PubMed
  135. Attwood, A., Terry, P., and Higgs, S. Conditioned effects of caffeine on performance in humans. Physiol Behav 3-3-2010;99(3):286-293. PubMed
  136. Skinner, T. L., Jenkins, D. G., Coombes, J. S., Taaffe, D. R., and Leveritt, M. D. Dose response of caffeine on 2000-m rowing performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(3):571-576. PubMed
  137. Holick, C. N., Smith, S. G., Giovannucci, E., and Michaud, D. S. Coffee, tea, caffeine intake, and risk of adult glioma in three prospective cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(1):39-47. PubMed
  138. Simmonds, M. J., Minahan, C. L., and Sabapathy, S. Caffeine improves supramaximal cycling but not the rate of anaerobic energy release. Eur.J Appl Physiol 2010;109(2):287-295. PubMed
  139. Buscemi, S., Verga, S., Batsis, J. A., Donatelli, M., Tranchina, M. R., Belmonte, S., Mattina, A., Re, A., and Cerasola, G. Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(5):483-489. PubMed
  140. Rigato, I., Blarasin, L., and Kette, F. Severe hypokalemia in 2 young bicycle riders due to massive caffeine intake. Clin J Sport Med. 2010;20(2):128-130. PubMed
  141. Greenwood, D. C., Alwan, N., Boylan, S., Cade, J. E., Charvill, J., Chipps, K. C., Cooke, M. S., Dolby, V. A., Hay, A. W., Kassam, S., Kirk, S. F., Konje, J. C., Potdar, N., Shires, S., Simpson, N., Taub, N., Thomas, J. D., Walker, J., White, K. L., and
  142. Mevcha, A., Gulur, D. M., and Gillatt, D. Diagnosing urological disorders in ageing men. Practitioner 2010;254(1726):25-9, 2.
  143. Brick, C. A., Seely, D. L., and Palermo, T. M. Association between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in medical students. Behav Sleep Med 2010;8(2):113-121. PubMed
  144. Digdon, N. L. Circadian preference and college students' beliefs about sleep education. Chronobiol.Int 2010;27(2):297-317. PubMed
  145. Boos, C. J., White, S. H., Bland, S. A., and McAllister, P. D. Dietary supplements and military operations: caution is advised. J R.Army Med Corps 2010;156(1):41-43. PubMed
  146. Casiglia, E., Bongiovi, S., Paleari, C. D., Petucco, S., Boni, M., Colangeli, G., Penzo, M., and Pessina, A. C. Haemodynamic effects of coffee and caffeine in normal volunteers: a placebo-controlled clinical study. J.Intern.Med. 1991;229(6):501-504. PubMed
  147. Aguggia, M. and Saracco, M. G. Pathophysiology of migraine chronification. Neurol.Sci 2010;31 Suppl 1:S15-S17. PubMed
  148. Torelli, P. and Manzoni, G. C. Fasting headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010;14(4):284-291.
  149. Farag, N. H., Whitsett, T. L., McKey, B. S., Wilson, M. F., Vincent, A. S., Everson-Rose, S. A., and Lovallo, W. R. Caffeine and blood pressure response: sex, age, and hormonal status. J Womens Health (Larchmt.) 2010;19(6):1171-1176. PubMed
  150. Ernest, D., Chia, M., and Corallo, C. E. Profound hypokalaemia due to Nurofen Plus and Red Bull misuse. Crit Care Resusc. 2010;12(2):109-110. DOI
  151. Suen, L. K., Tam, W. W., and Hon, K. L. Association of sleep hygiene-related factors and sleep quality among university students in Hong Kong. Hong.Kong.Med.J 2010;16(3):180-185.
  152. Stafford, L. D., Wright, C., and Yeomans, M. R. The drink remains the same: implicit positive associations in high but not moderate or non-caffeine users. Psychol.Addict.Behav. 2010;24(2):274-281. PubMed
  153. Conen, D., Chiuve, S. E., Everett, B. M., Zhang, S. M., Buring, J. E., and Albert, C. M. Caffeine consumption and incident atrial fibrillation in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92(3):509-514. PubMed
  154. Freire, R. C., Perna, G., and Nardi, A. E. Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology, laboratory challenge tests, and response to treatment. Harv.Rev.Psychiatry 2010;18(4):220-229. PubMed
  155. Reis, J. P., Loria, C. M., Steffen, L. M., Zhou, X., van, Horn L., Siscovick, D. S., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., and Carr, J. J. Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, caffeine, and tea consumption in young adulthood and atherosclerosis later in life: the CARDIA study. A PubMed
  156. Clausen, T. Hormonal and pharmacological modification of plasma potassium homeostasis. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2010;24(5):595-605. PubMed
  157. Kujawa-Hadrys, M., Tosik, D., and Bartel, H. Changes in thickness of each layer of developing chicken cornea after administration of caffeine. Folia Histochem.Cytobiol. 2010;48(2):273-277. PubMed
  158. Boggs, D. A., Palmer, J. R., Stampfer, M. J., Spiegelman, D., Adams-Campbell, L. L., and Rosenberg, L. Tea and coffee intake in relation to risk of breast cancer in the Black Women's Health Study. Cancer Causes Control 2010;21(11):1941-1948. PubMed
  159. Li, S., Zhu, S., Jin, X., Yan, C., Wu, S., Jiang, F., and Shen, X. Risk factors associated with short sleep duration among Chinese school-aged children. Sleep Med. 2010;11(9):907-916. PubMed
  160. Gronroos, N. N. and Alonso, A. Diet and risk of atrial fibrillation - epidemiologic and clinical evidence -. Circ.J 2010;74(10):2029-2038. PubMed
  161. Knight, J. M., Avery, E. F., Janssen, I., and Powell, L. H. Cortisol and depressive symptoms in a population-based cohort of midlife women. Psychosom.Med. 2010;72(9):855-861. PubMed
  162. Porkka-Heiskanen, T. Methylxanthines and sleep. Handb.Exp.Pharmacol 2011;(200):331-348. PubMed
  163. Mostofsky, E., Schlaug, G., Mukamal, K. J., Rosamond, W. D., and Mittleman, M. A. Coffee and acute ischemic stroke onset: the Stroke Onset Study. Neurology 11-2-2010;75(18):1583-1588. PubMed
  164. Orozco-Gregorio, H., Mota-Rojas, D., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Trujillo-Ortega, M. E., Becerril-Herrera, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, R., and Villanueva-Garcia, D. Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia PubMed
  165. Li, G. Z., Zhang, N., Du, P., Yang, Y., Wu, S. L., Xiao, Y. X., Jin, R., Liu, L., Shen, H., and Dai, Y. Risk factors for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: a Chinese multi-center study. Chin Med
  166. Duvnjak-Zaknich, D. M., Dawson, B. T., Wallman, K. E., and Henry, G. Effect of caffeine on reactive agility time when fresh and fatigued. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 2011;43(8):1523-1530. PubMed
  167. Astorino, T. A., Martin, B. J., Schachtsiek, L., Wong, K., and Ng, K. Minimal effect of acute caffeine ingestion on intense resistance training performance. J Strength.Cond.Res 2011;25(6):1752-1758. PubMed
  168. Kivity, S., Ben Aharon, Y., Man, A., and Topilsky, M. The effect of caffeine on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Chest 1990;97(5):1083-1085. PubMed
  169. Lubin, F. and Ron, E. Consumption of methylxanthine-containing beverages and the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 1990;53(2-3):81-90. PubMed
  170. Smits, P., Lenders, J. W., and Thien, T. Caffeine and theophylline attenuate adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1990;48(4):410-418. PubMed
  171. Rossignol, A. M. and Bonnlander, H. Caffeine-containing beverages, total fluid consumption, and premenstrual syndrome. Am.J.Public Health 1990;80(9):1106-1110. PubMed
  172. Birkett, N. J. and Logan, A. G. Caffeine-containing beverages and the prevalence of hypertension. J Hypertens.Suppl 1988;6(4):S620-S622. PubMed
  173. Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., Scotto, J., and Dunham, L. J. Coffee-drinking and bladder cancer. Lancet 11-27-1971;2(7735):1204. PubMed
  174. Greden, J. F. Anxiety or caffeinism: a diagnostic dilemma. Am J Psychiatry 1974;131(10):1089-1092. PubMed
  175. Whitsett, T. L., Manion, C. V., and Christensen, H. D. Cardiovascular effects of coffee and caffeine. Am.J.Cardiol. 3-15-1984;53(7):918-922. PubMed
  176. Firestone, P., Poitras-Wright, H., and Douglas, V. The effects of caffeine on hyperactive children. J.Learn.Disabil. 1978;11(3):133-141. PubMed
  177. Thomas, F. B., Steinbaugh, J. T., Fromkes, J. J., Mekhjian, H. S., and Caldwell, J. H. Inhibitory effect of coffee on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Gastroenterology 1980;79(6):1262-1266. DOI
  178. Linn, S., Schoenbaum, S. C., Monson, R. R., Rosner, B., Stubblefield, P. G., and Ryan, K. J. No association between coffee consumption and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. N.Engl.J Med 1-21-1982;306(3):141-145. PubMed
  179. Cohen, S. Pathogenesis of coffee-induced gastrointestinal symptoms. N.Engl.J Med 7-17-1980;303(3):122-124. PubMed
  180. Feldman, M. and Barnett, C. Relationships between the acidity and osmolality of popular beverages and reported postprandial heartburn. Gastroenterology 1995;108(1):125-131. PubMed
  181. Quinlan, P., Lane, J., and Aspinall, L. Effects of hot tea, coffee and water ingestion on physiological responses and mood: the role of caffeine, water and beverage type. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997;134(2):164-173. PubMed
  182. Youngstedt, S. D., O'Connor, P. J., Crabbe, J. B., and Dishman, R. K. Acute exercise reduces caffeine-induced anxiogenesis. Med.Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(5):740-745. PubMed
  183. Kaminsky, L. A., Martin, C. A., and Whaley, M. H. Caffeine consumption habits do not influence the exercise blood pressure response following caffeine ingestion. J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness 1998;38(1):53-58.
  184. McManamy, M. C. and Schube, P. G. Caffeine intoxication: report of a case the symptoms of which amounted to a psychosis. New England Journal of Medicine 1936;215:616-620. DOI
  185. Richter, J. E., Katz, P. O., and Waring, J. P. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. IFFGD 2000;
  186. Hsu, C., Harden, R. N., and Houle, T. Nicotine and caffeine intake in complex regional pain syndrome. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 2002;16(1):33-38. PubMed
  187. Luebbe, A. M. Child and Adolescent Anxiety Sensitivity, Perceived Subjective Effects of Caffeine and Caffeine Consumption. J Caffeine Res 2011;1(4):213-218. DOI
  188. Li-Neng, Y., Greenstadt, L., and Shapiro, D. Effects of caffeine on blood pressure:A cross-cultural comparison. Psychophysiology 1983;20
  189. Fotherby, M. D., Ghandi, C., Haigh, R. A., Macdonald, T. A., and Potter, J. F. Sustained caffeine use has no pressor effect in the elderly. Cardiology in the Elderly 1994;2(6):499-503.
  190. Basurto Ona X, Uriona Tuma SM, Martínez García L, Solà I, Bonfill Cosp X. Drug therapy for preventing post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 28;2:CD001792. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001792.pub3. Review. PubMed
  191. Beaudoin MS, Allen B, Mazzetti G, Sullivan PJ, Graham TE. Caffeine ingestion impairs insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner in both men and women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013;38(2):140-7. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0201. Epub 2012 9. PubMed
  192. Caldeira D, Martins C, Alves LB, Pereira H, Ferreira JJ, Costa J. Caffeine does not increase the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Heart. 2013;99(19):1383-9. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-303950. Re PubMed
  193. Chen L, Bell EM, Browne ML, Druschel CM, Romitti PA, Schmidt RJ, Burns TL, Moslehi R, Olney RS; National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of congenital limb deficiencies. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2012 De PubMed
  194. Chen LW, Wu Y, Neelakantan N, Chong MF, Pan A, van Dam RM. Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with risk of low birth weight: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2014 19;12:174. doi: 10.1186/s12916-014-0174-6 PubMed
  195. Cheng M, Hu Z, Lu X, Huang J, Gu D. Caffeine intake and atrial fibrillation incidence: dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Apr;30(4):448-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.026. Epub 2014 2. Review. PubMed
  196. Chiaffarino F, Bravi F, Cipriani S, Parazzini F, Ricci E, Viganò P, La Vecchia C. Coffee and caffeine intake and risk of endometriosis: a meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2014 Oct;53(7):1573-9. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0662-7. Epub 2014 31. PubMed
  197. Greenwood DC, Thatcher NJ, Ye J, Garrard L, Keogh G, King LG, Cade JE. Caffeine intake during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29(10):725-34. doi: 10.1007/s10654-014-9944-x. PubMed
  198. Jiang W, Wu Y, Jiang X. Coffee and caffeine intake and breast cancer risk: an updated dose-response meta-analysis of 37 published studies. Gynecol Oncol. 2013 Jun;129(3):620-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.03.014. Epub 2013 25. Review. PubMed
  199. Lee SM, Choi NK, Lee BC, Cho KH, Yoon BW, Park BJ. Caffeine-containing medicines increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke. 2013 Aug;44(8):2139-43. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.674077. Epub 2013 6. PubMed
  200. Sanikini H, Dik VK, Siersema PD, Bhoo-Pathy N, Uiterwaal CS, Peeters PH, González CA, Zamora-Ros R, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Roswall N, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Racine A, Kühn T, Katzke V, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Lagiou P, Palli
  201. Simonin C, Duru C, Salleron J, Hincker P, Charles P, Delval A, Youssov K, Burnouf S, Azulay JP, Verny C, Scherer C, Tranchant C, Goizet C, Debruxelles S, Defebvre L, Sablonnière B, Romon-Rousseaux M, Buée L, Destée A, Godefroy O, Dürr A, Landwehrmeyer B;
  202. Szpak A, Allen D. A case of acute suicidality following excessive caffeine intake. J Psychopharmacol. 2012 Nov;26(11):1502-10. doi: 10.1177/0269881112442788. Epub 2012 2. PubMed
  203. van der Hoeven N, Visser I, Schene A, van den Born BJ. Severe hypertension related to caffeinated coffee and tranylcypromine: a case report. Ann Intern Med. 2014 May 6;160(9):657-8. doi: 10.7326/L14-5009-8. No abstract available. PubMed
  204. Dixit S, Stein PK, Dewland TA, Dukes JW, Vittinghoff E, Heckbert SR, Marcus GM. Consumption of Caffeinated Products and Cardiac Ectopy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 26;5(1). pii: e002503. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002503. PubMed
  205. Sheppard SG. A preliminary investigation of ibogaine: case reports and recommendations for further study. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1994 Jul-Aug;11(4):379-85. PubMed
  206. Zuchinali P, Riberio PA, Pimentel M, da Rosa PR, Zimerman LI, Rohde LE. Effect of caffeine on ventricular arrhythmia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental and clinical studies. Europace 2016 Feb;18(2):257-66. PubMed
  207. Rhee J, Kim R, Kim Y, et al. Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and risk of low birth weight: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 20;10(7):e0132334. PubMed
  208. Zuchinali P, Souza GC, Pimentel M, et al. Short-term effects of high-dose caffeine on cardiac arrhythmias in patients with heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Dec 1;176(12):1752-59. PubMed
  209. Lystrup RM, Leggit JC. Caffeine toxicity due to supplement use in caffeine - naïve individual: a cautionary tale. Mil Med. 2015 Aug;180(8):e936-40. PubMed
  210. Magdalan J, Zawadzki M, Skowronek R, et al. Nonfatal and fata intoxications with pure caffeine - report of three different cases. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2017 Sep;13(3):355-58.
  211. Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Roelofs EJ, Hirsch KR, Persky AM, Mock AG. Effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous intake during creatine loading. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 May;30(5):1438-46. PubMed
  212. Lagier D, Nee L, Guieu R, et al. Peri-operative oral caffeine does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 Apr 26. [Epub ahead of DOI
  213. Voskoboinik A, Kalman JM, Kistler PM. Caffeine and arrhythmias: time to grind the data. JACC: Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4(4):425-32. PubMed
  214. Wang HR, Woo YS, Bahk WM. Caffeine-induced psychiatric manifestations: a review. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015 Jul;30(4):179-82. PubMed
  215. Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;109:585-648. PubMed
  216. Vliegenthart R, Miedema M, Hutten GJ, van Kaam AH, Onland W. High versus standard dose caffeine for apnoea: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2018;103(6):F523-9. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313556. PubMed
  217. Modzelewska D, Bellocco R, Elfvin A, et al. Caffeine exposure during pregnancy, small for gestational age birth and neonatal outcome - results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):80. PubMed
  218. Shen JG, Brooks MB, Cincotta J, Manjourides JD. Establishing a relationship between the effect of caffeine and duration of endurance athletic time trial events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(2):232-238. PubMed
  219. Berglundh S, Vollrath M, Brantsæter AL, et al. Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment up to eight years of age-Results from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Eur J Nutr. 2020. PubMed
  220. Jin F, Qiao C. Association of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy with low birth weight, childhood overweight, and obesity: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020. PubMed
  221. Krittanawong C, Tunhasiriwet A, Wang Z, et al. Is caffeine or coffee consumption a risk for new-onset atrial fibrillation? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020:2047487320908385. PubMed
  222. Zhang H, Lee ZX, Qiu A. Caffeine intake and cognitive functions in children. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2020;237(10):3109-3116. PubMed
  223. Stojanovic E, Scanlan AT, Milanovic Z, Fox JL, Stankovic R, Dalbo VJ. Acute caffeine supplementation improves jumping, sprinting, and change-of-direction performance in basketball players when ingested in the morning but not evening. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 PubMed
  224. Zheng KH, Zhu K, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Caffeine intake from coffee and tea and invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative. Int J Cancer 2021;149(12):2032-2044. PubMed
  225. Wang S, Li X, Yang Y, et al. Does coffee, tea and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of incident breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2021;24(18):6377-6389. PubMed
  226. Alshabi AM, Alkahtani SA, Shaikh IA, Habeeb MS. Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats: Impact on therapeutics. Saudi Med J 2021;42(2):151-160. PubMed
  227. Hinkle SN, Gleason JL, Yisahak SF, et al. Assessment of Caffeine Consumption and Maternal Cardiometabolic Pregnancy Complications. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(11):e2133401. PubMed
  228. Yartsev A, Peisah C. Caffeine-clozapine interaction associated with severe toxicity and multiorgan system failure: a case report. BMC Psychiatry 2021;21(1):192. PubMed
  229. Tinawi M. Severe Rhabdomyolysis Due to Strenuous Exercise With a Potential Role of a High-Caffeine Energy Drink. Cureus 2022;14(1):e20867. PubMed
  230. Gleason JL, Sundaram R, Mitro SD, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy with child growth. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2239609. PubMed
  231. Ismail RIH, Awad HA, Saber M, Shehata BM. Bone mineral content for preterm neonates treated with caffeine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: An observational study. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023;16(1):129-135. PubMed
  232. Zhao J, Huang Y, Yu X. Caffeine intake and the risk of incident kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2022;54(10):2457-2466. PubMed
  233. Abbas-Hashemi SA, Hosseininasab D, Rastgoo S, Shiraseb F, Asbaghi O. The effects of caffeine supplementation on blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023;58:165-177. PubMed
  234. Oliphant EA, Hanning SM, McKinlay CJD, Alsweiler JM. Caffeine for apnea and prevention of neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Perinatol 2024;44(6):785-801. PubMed
  235. Kühne T, Wallace E, Herzig D, et al. Combined intake of caffeine and low-dose glucose to reduce exercise-related hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes on ultra-long-acting insulin degludec: A randomized, controlled, double-blind, cross-over tr
  236. Song JJ, Eyabi JC, Awatramani PD, Mitchell BG, Nene SY. Sudden Reduction in Caffeine Intake Increases Serum Lithium Concentration to Supratherapeutic Level: A Case Report. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2024;26(2):23cr03642. PubMed

See these in context on the Caffeine monograph →

Raspberry Ketone 4 references
  1. Adverse Event Report. Raspberry Ketone. Natural MedWatch, April 27, 2012.
  2. Adverse Event Report. Raspberry Ketone. Natural MedWatch, September 18, 2011.
  3. Ansari SA, Patel F, Ashouri D, Dhaliwal JSS, Desai A. Resistant Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in a Patient Taking Raspberry Ketones Weight Loss Supplement. Cureus 2022;14(12):e33089. PubMed
  4. Khattar A, Beeton I. Coronary vasospasm and raspberry ketones weight-loss supplement: Is there a connection? Anatol J Cardiol. 2020;24(3):205-208.

See these in context on the Raspberry Ketone monograph →

Glucomannan 15 references
  1. Henry DA, Mitchell AS, Aylward J, et al. Glucomannan and risk of oesophageal obstruction. Br Med J 1986;292:591-2. PubMed
  2. Shima K, Tanaka A, Ikegami H, et al. Effect of dietary fiber, glucomannan, on absorption of sulfonylurea in man. Horm Metab Res 1983;15:1-3. PubMed
  3. Villaverde, A. F., Benlloch, S., Berenguer, M., Miguel, Rayon J., Pina, R., and Berenguer, J. Acute hepatitis of cholestatic type possibly associated with the use of glucomannan (amorphophalus konjac). J Hepatol. 2004;41(6):1061-1062. PubMed
  4. Yoshida, M., Vanstone, C. A., Parsons, W. D., Zawistowski, J., and Jones, P. J. Effect of plant sterols and glucomannan on lipids in individuals with and without type II diabetes. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 2006;60(4):529-537. PubMed
  5. Wood, R. J., Fernandez, M. L., Sharman, M. J., Silvestre, R., Greene, C. M., Zern, T. L., Shrestha, S., Judelson, D. A., Gomez, A. L., Kraemer, W. J., and Volek, J. S. Effects of a carbohydrate-restricted diet with and without supplemental soluble fiber
  6. Vanderbeek, P. B., Fasano, C., O'Malley, G., and Hornstein, J. Esophageal obstruction from a hygroscopic pharmacobezoar containing glucomannan. Clin Toxicol.(Phila) 2007;45(1):80-82. PubMed
  7. Bernstein, J. A., Crandall, M. S., and Floyd, R. Respiratory sensitization of a food manufacturing worker to konjac glucomannan. J Asthma 2007;44(8):675-680. PubMed
  8. Shichijo, K., Kobayashi, Y., Fueki, R., Shimoyama, K., and Masaya, M. [2 cases of konjac bronchial asthma found outside the "konnyaku" producing district]. Arerugi 1969;18(2):97-100.
  9. Carabin IG, Lyon MR, Wood S, et al. Supplementation of the diet with the functional fiber PolyGlycoplex is well tolerated by healthy subjects in a clinical trial. Nutr J 2009;8:9. PubMed
  10. Lyon MR, Reichert RG. The effect of a novel viscous polysaccharide along with lifestyle changes on short-term weight loss and associated risk factors in overweight and obese adults: an observational retrospective clinical program analysis. Altern Med Rev
  11. Lyon M, Wood S, Pelletier X, et al. Effects of a 3-month supplementation with a novel soluble highly viscous polysaccharide on anthropometry and blood lipids in nondieting overweight or obese adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011;24(4):351-9. PubMed
  12. Han Y, Zhang L, Liu XQ, Zhao ZJ, Lv LX. Effect of glucomannan on functional constipation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2017;26(3):471-7.
  13. Health Canada Safety Alert. Health Canada Advises Canadians that natural health products containing glucomannan may cause serious choking if used with insufficient fluid. January 29, 2010. Alert # RA-110003825. https://healthycanadians.gc.ca/recall-alert-
  14. Mortensen A, Aguilar F, Crebelli, et al. EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food. Re-evaluation of konjac gum (E 425 i) and konjac glucomannan (E425 ii) as food additives. EFSA Journal 2017;15(6):4864.
  15. Zhang Y, Aldamarany WAS, Song G, et al. Influence of konjac glucomannan and its derivatives on the oral pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agent in antibiotics cocktails: Keep vigilant on dietary fiber supplement. Int J Biol Macromol 2023;251:126306. PubMed

See these in context on the Glucomannan monograph →

Garcinia 44 references
  1. Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Vasselli JR, et al. Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998;280:1596-600. PubMed
  2. Soni MG, Burdock GA, Preuss HG, et al. Safety assessment of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and Super CitriMax, a novel calcium/potassium salt. Food Chem Toxicol 2004;42:1513-29. PubMed
  3. Stevens T, Qadri A, Zein NN. Two patients with acute liver injury associated with use of the herbal weight-loss supplement hydroxycut. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:477-8. PubMed
  4. Willis SL, Moawad FJ, Hartzell JD, et al. Hypertensive retinopathy associated with use of the ephedra-free weight-loss herbal supplement Hydroxycut. MedGenMed 2006;8:82.
  5. Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, et al. Effects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight loss. Diabetes Obes Metab 2004;6:171-180.
  6. Mansi IA, Huang J. Rhabdomyolysis in response to weight-loss herbal medicine. Am J Med Sci 2004;327:356-357. PubMed
  7. Lopez AM, Kornegay J, Hendrickson RG. Serotonin Toxicity Associated with Garcinia cambogia Over-the-counter Supplement. J Med Toxicol. 2014 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]. PubMed
  8. Michno A, Skibowska A, Raszeja-Specht A, Cwikowska J, Szutowicz A. The role of adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase in the metabolism of acetyl coenzyme a and function of blood platelets in diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2004;53(1):66-72. PubMed
  9. Asghar M, Monjok E, Kouamou G, et al. Super CitriMax (HCA-SX) attenuates increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and body weight in developing obese Zucker rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2007;304(1-2):93-99. PubMed
  10. Wielinga PY, Wachters-Hagedoorn RE, Bouter B, et al. Hydroxycitric acid delays intestinal glucose absorption in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005;288(6):G1144-G1149. PubMed
  11. Leonhardt M, Balkan B, Langhans W. Effect of hydroxycitrate on respiratory quotient, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance in male rats after a period of restrictive feeding. Nutrition 2004;20(10):911-915. PubMed
  12. Bunchorntavakul, C. and Reddy, K. R. Review article: herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther 2013;37(1):3-17. PubMed
  13. Vasques CA, Schneider R, Klein-Júnior LC, et al. Hypolipemic effect of Garcinia Cambogia in obese women. Phytother Res 2014;28(6):887-91.
  14. Marquez F, Babio N, Bullo M, Salas-Salvado J. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of hydroxycitric acid or Garcinia cambogia extracts in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012;52:585-94.
  15. Allen SF, Godley RW, Evron JM, et al. Acute necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis in a patient taking Garcinia cambogia extract successfully treated with high-dose corticosteroids. Can J Cardiol 2014;30(12):1732 e13-1732 e15. PubMed
  16. Dara L, Hewett J, Lim JK. Hydroxycut hepatotoxicity: a case series and review of liver toxicity from herbal weight loss supplements. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Dec 7;14(45):6999-7004. PubMed
  17. Sharma T, Wong L, Tsai N, Wong RD. Hydroxycut(®) (herbal weight loss supplement) induced hepatotoxicity: a case report and review of literature. Hawaii Med J. 2010 Aug;69(8):188-90.
  18. Rashid NN, Grant J. Hydroxycut hepatotoxicity. Med J Aust. 2010 Feb 1;192(3):173-4. PubMed
  19. Actis GC, Bugianesi E, Ottobrelli A, Rizzetto M. Fatal liver failure following food supplements during chronic treatment with montelukast. Dig Liver Dis. 2007 Oct;39(10):953-5. PubMed
  20. Corey R, Werner KT, Singer A, Moss A, Smith M, Noelting J, Rakela J. Acute liver failure associated with Garcinia cambogia use. Ann Hepatol. 2016 Jan-Feb;15(1):123-6. PubMed
  21. Melendez-Rosado J, Snipelisky D, Matcha G, Stancampiano F. Acute hepatitis induced by pure Garcinia cambogia. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015 May-Jun;49(5):449-50. PubMed
  22. García-Cortés M, Robles-Díaz M, Ortega-Alonso A, Medina-Caliz I, Andrade RJ. Hepatotoxicity by Dietary Supplements: A Tabular Listing and Clinical Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Apr 9;17(4):537. PubMed
  23. Dehoney S, Wellein M. Rhabdomyolysis associated with the nutritional supplement Hydroxycut. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(2):142-8. PubMed
  24. Fong TL, Klontz KC, Canas-Coto A, et al. Hepatotoxicity due to hydroxycut: a case series. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(7):1561-6. PubMed
  25. Hendrickson BP, Shaikh N, Occhiogrosso M, Penzner JB. Mania Induced by Garcinia cambogia: A Case Series. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2016;18(2).
  26. Kaswala D, Shah S, Patel N, Raisoni S, Swaminathan S. Hydroxycut-induced Liver Toxicity. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014; 4(1):143-5. PubMed
  27. Lobb A. Hepatoxicity associated with weight-loss supplements: a case for better post-marketing surveillance. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(14):1786-7. PubMed
  28. Lunsford KE, Bodzin AS, Reino DC, Wang HL, Busuttil RW. Dangerous dietary supplements: Garcinia cambogia -associated hepatic failure requiring transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(45):10071-10076.
  29. Narasimha A, Shetty PH, Nanjundaswamy MH, Viswanath B, Bada Math S. Hydroxycut - Dietary supplements for weight loss: Can they induce mania? Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2013;47(12):1205-6. PubMed
  30. Shim M, Saab S. Severe hepatotoxicity due to Hydroxycut: a case report. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(2):406-8. PubMed
  31. Stohs SJ, Preuss HG, Ohia SE, et al. No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(32):4087-9. PubMed
  32. Gavril A, Ribnikar M, Smid L, Luzar B, Stabuc B. Fat burner-induced acute liver injury: case series of four patients. Nutrition. 2018;47:110-114. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.10.002. PubMed
  33. Bystrak T, Cervera-Hernandez ME, Reddy N, King Z, Bratberg J. Garcinia cambogia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and pancreatitis. R I Med J (2013). 2017 Oct 2;100(10):48-50. NO DOI
  34. Smith RJ, Bertilone C, Robertson AG. Fulminant liver failure and transplantation after use of dietary supplements. Med J Aust. 2016;204(1):30-2. PubMed
  35. Nguyen DC, Timmer TK, Davison BC, McGrane IR. Possible Garcinia cambogia-induced mania with psychosis: a case report. J Pharm Pract 2019;32(1):99-102. doi: 10.1177/0897190017734728.
  36. Yousaf MN, Chaudhary FS, Hodanazari SM, Sittambalam CD. Hepatotoxicity associated with Garcinia cambogia: a case report. World J Hepatol 2019;11(11):735-42.
  37. Mas Ordeig A, Bordón García N. Hepatotoxicity caused by Garcinia cambogia. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;43(3):134-5. DOI
  38. Cho HK, Han YS, Park JM. Ocular complications of Garcinia cambogia extract diet pills: case report. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019:1120672119872364. PubMed
  39. Ferreira V, Mathieu A, Soucy G, Giard JM, Erard-Poinsot D. Acute severe liver injury related to long-term Garcinia cambogia intake. ACG Case Rep J. 2020;7(8):e00429. PubMed
  40. Iqbal U, Anwar H, Siddiqui HU, Mehmood A. Acute Pancreatitis Secondary to Use of Appetite Suppressant: Garcinia cambogia. Cureus. 2019;11(5):e4676. PubMed
  41. Grigos A, Benmoussa J, Sandhu J, Chaucer B, Clarke M, SH Patel. Acute pancreatitis secondary to Garcinia cambogia; the unknown cost of herbal supplements. JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2016; 17(3):316-317.
  42. Sidhu RLS, Labana S, Khehra L. Garcinia cambogia: a link between the "miracle" weight loss pill and acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016. 111:S560-S561. DOI
  43. Vuppalanchi R, Bonkovsky HL, Ahmad J, et al. Garcinia cambogia, Either Alone or in Combination With Green Tea, Causes Moderate to Severe Liver Injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021. PubMed
  44. Calaquian LL, Yau I. Garcinia cambogia-A Supplement-Related Liver Injury. Cureus 2022;14(2):e22225. PubMed

See these in context on the Garcinia monograph →

Yerba Mate 123 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: a drug interaction established using in vivo and in vitro investigations. Am J Med 1989;87:89S-91S. PubMed
  3. Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, et al. Effect of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:234-40. PubMed
  4. Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:474-8. PubMed
  5. Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, et al. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood levels. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:348-50. PubMed
  6. Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3.
  7. Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, et al. Influence of mexiletine on caffeine elimination. Pharmacol Ther 1987;33:163-9. PubMed
  8. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  9. Pintos J, Franco EL, Oliveira BV, et al. Mate, coffee, and tea consumption and risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in southern Brazil. Epidemiology 1994;5:583-90.
  10. De Stefani E, Fierro L, Mendilaharsu M, et al. Meat intake, 'mate' drinking and renal cell cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 1998;78:1239-43. PubMed
  11. De Stefani E, Correa P, Fierro L, et al. Black tobacco, mate, and bladder cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Cancer 1991;67:536-40.
  12. De Stefani E, Fierro L, Correa P, et al. Mate drinking and risk of lung cancer in males: a case-control study from Uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:515-9.
  13. Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Caffeine intake increases the rate of bone loss in elderly women and interacts with vitamin D receptor genotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:694-700. PubMed
  14. The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
  15. Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, et al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1639-44. PubMed
  16. Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998;12:435-44. PubMed
  17. Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40. PubMed
  18. DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
  19. Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9. PubMed
  20. Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O'Brien CP. The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a controlled, blinded pilot experiment. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:1221-32. PubMed
  21. Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63. PubMed
  22. McGee J, Patrick RS, Wood CB, Blumgart LH. A case of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in Britain associated with herbal tea consumption. J Clin Pathol 1976;29:788-94. PubMed
  23. Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Influence of caffeine on the frequency and perception of hypoglycemia in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:455-9. PubMed
  24. Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, et al. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:256-61. PubMed
  25. American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
  26. Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9.
  27. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. PubMed
  28. Ali M, Afzal M. A potent inhibitor of thrombin stimulated platelet thromboxane formation from unprocessed tea. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987;27:9-13. PubMed
  29. Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967;18:670-3. DOI
  30. Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine intake and endogenous sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996:144:642-4. PubMed
  31. Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1399-403. PubMed
  32. Horner NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:1368-80. PubMed
  33. McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms after chronic maternal ingestion of caffeine. South Med J 1988;81:1092-4.. PubMed
  34. Massey LK. Is caffeine a risk factor for bone loss in the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:569-70. PubMed
  35. Dreher HM. The effect of caffeine reduction on sleep quality and well-being in persons with HIV. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:191-8.. PubMed
  36. Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. PubMed
  37. Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. The effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:183. DOI
  38. Infante S, Baeza ML, Calvo M, et al. Anaphylaxis due to caffeine. Allergy 2003;58:681-2. PubMed
  39. Massey LK, Whiting SJ. Caffeine, urinary calcium, calcium metabolism and bone. J Nutr 1993;123:1611-4. PubMed
  40. Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, et al. Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit Contam 2003;20:1-30. PubMed
  41. May DC, Jarboe CH, VanBakel AB, Williams WM. Effects of cimetidine on caffeine disposition in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:656-61. PubMed
  42. Abernethy DR, Todd EL. Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low-dose oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;28:425-8. PubMed
  43. Brown NJ, Ryder D, Branch RA. A pharmacodynamic interaction between caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:363-71. PubMed
  44. Sanderink GJ, Bournique B, Stevens J, et al. Involvement of human CYP1A isoenzymes in the metabolism and drug interactions of riluzole in vitro. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:1465-72. DOI
  45. Wahllander A, Paumgartner G. Effect of ketoconazole and terbinafine on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;37:279-83. PubMed
  46. Carrillo JA, Benitez J. Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39:127-53. PubMed
  47. Underwood DA. Which medications should be held before a pharmacologic or exercise stress test? Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69:449-50. PubMed
  48. Aqel RA, Zoghbi GJ, Trimm JR, et al. Effect of caffeine administered intravenously on intracoronary-administered adenosine-induced coronary hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:343-6. PubMed
  49. Zheng XM, Williams RC. Serum caffeine levels after 24-hour abstention: clinical implications on dipyridamole (201)Tl myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med Technol 2002;30:123-7.
  50. Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html. DOI
  51. Holmgren P, Norden-Pettersson L, Ahlner J. Caffeine fatalities--four case reports. Forensic Sci Int 2004;139:71-3. PubMed
  52. Dews PB, O'Brien CP, Bergman J. Caffeine: behavioral effects of withdrawal and related issues. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1257-61. PubMed
  53. Beach CA, Mays DC, Guiler RC, et al. Inhibition of elimination of caffeine by disulfiram in normal subjects and recovering alcoholics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;39:265-70. PubMed
  54. Goldenberg D, Golz A, Joachims HZ. The beverage mate: a risk factor for cancer of the head and neck. Head Neck 2003;25:595-601.
  55. Sewram V, De Stefani E, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Mate consumption and the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:508-13.
  56. Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Valle NC. Mate drinking during pregnancy and risk of preterm and small for gestational age birth. J Nutr 2005;135:1120-3.
  57. Benowitz NL, Osterloh J, Goldschlager N, et al. Massive catecholamine release from caffeine poisoning. JAMA 1982;248:1097-8. DOI
  58. Leson CL, McGuigan MA, Bryson SM. Caffeine overdose in an adolescent male. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1988;26:407-15. PubMed
  59. Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;176:1-29. PubMed
  60. Winkelmayer WC, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Curhan GC. Habitual caffeine intake and the risk of hypertension in women. JAMA 2005;294:2330-5. PubMed
  61. Raaska K, Raitasuo V, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of caffeine-containing versus decaffeinated coffee on serum clozapine concentrations in hospitalised patients. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;94:13-8. DOI
  62. Forrest WH Jr, Bellville JW, Brown BW Jr. The interaction of caffeine with pentobarbital as a nighttime hypnotic. Anesthesiology 1972;36:37-41. PubMed
  63. Lake CR, Rosenberg DB, Gallant S, et al. Phenylpropanolamine increases plasma caffeine levels. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990;47:675-85. PubMed
  64. Shet, M. S., McPhaul, M., Fisher, C. W., Stallings, N. R., and Estabrook, R. W. Metabolism of the antiandrogenic drug (Flutamide) by human CYP1A2. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997;25(11):1298-1303.
  65. Staib, A. H., Stille, W., Dietlein, G., Shah, P. M., Harder, S., Mieke, S., and Beer, C. Interaction between quinolones and caffeine. Drugs 1987;34 Suppl 1:170-174. PubMed
  66. Stille, W., Harder, S., Mieke, S., Beer, C., Shah, P. M., Frech, K., and Staib, A. H. Decrease of caffeine elimination in man during co-administration of 4-quinolones. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. 1987;20(5):729-734. PubMed
  67. Fuhr, U., Strobl, G., Manaut, F., Anders, E. M., Sorgel, F., Lopez-de-Brinas, E., Chu, D. T., Pernet, A. G., Mahr, G., Sanz, F., and . Quinolone antibacterial agents: relationship between structure and in vitro inhibition of the human cytochrome P450 isof
  68. Kot, M. and Daniel, W. A. Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and ticlopidine on CYP1A2 activity and caffeine metabolism: an in vitro comparative study with human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and liver microsomes. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(6):1216-1220. PubMed
  69. Gasior, M., Borowicz, K., Buszewicz, G., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital and valproate against maximal electroshock in mice during chronic treatment with caffeine and caffeine discontinuation. Epilepsia 1996;37(3 PubMed
  70. Luszczki, J. J., Zuchora, M., Sawicka, K. M., Kozinska, J., and Czuczwar, S. J. Acute exposure to caffeine decreases the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, but not that of clonazepam, phenobarbital and valproate against pentetrazole-induced seizures i
  71. Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Jargiello-Baszak, M., Walek, M., Tylus, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. Caffeine and the anticonvulsant potency of antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data. Pharmacol.Rep. 2011;63(1):12-18. PubMed
  72. Vaz, J., Kulkarni, C., David, J., and Joseph, T. Influence of caffeine on pharmacokinetic profile of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in normal human volunteers. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 1998;36(1):112-114.
  73. Gasior, M., Swiader, M., Przybylko, M., Borowicz, K., Turski, W. A., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Felbamate demonstrates low propensity for interaction with methylxanthines and Ca2+ channel modulators against experimental seizures in mice. Eur.J Phar PubMed
  74. Mohiuddin, M., Azam, A. T., Amran, M. S., and Hossain, M. A. In vive effects of gliclazide and metformin on the plasma concentration of caffeine in healthy rats. Pak.J Biol Sci 5-1-2009;12(9):734-737.
  75. Mays, D. C., Camisa, C., Cheney, P., Pacula, C. M., Nawoot, S., and Gerber, N. Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of the metabolism of caffeine in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1987;42(6):621-626. PubMed
  76. Norager, C. B., Jensen, M. B., Weimann, A., and Madsen, M. R. Metabolic effects of caffeine ingestion and physical work in 75-year old citizens. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65(2):223-228. PubMed
  77. Azcona O, Barbanoi MJ, Torrent J, Jane F. Evaluation of the central effects of alcohol and caffeine interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;40:393-400. PubMed
  78. Broughton LJ, Rogers HJ. Decreased systemic clearance of caffeine due to cimetidine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981;12:155-9. PubMed
  79. File SE, Bond AJ, Lister RG. Interaction between effects of caffeine and lorazepam in performance tests and self-ratings. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1982;2:102-6. DOI
  80. Mattila MJ, Palva E, Savolainen K. Caffeine antagonizes diazepam effects in man. Med Biol 1982;60:121-3.
  81. Mattila MJ, Nuotto E. Caffeine and theophylline counteract diazepam effects in man. Med Biol 1983;61:337-43.
  82. Mattila ME, Mattila MJ, Nuotto E. Caffeine moderately antagonizes the effects of triazolam and zopiclone on the psychomotor performance of healthy subjects. Pharmacol Toxicol 1992;70:286-9.
  83. Mattila MJ, Vainio P, Nurminen ML, et al. Midazolam 12 mg is moderately counteracted by 250 mg caffeine in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;38:581-7. PubMed
  84. Zelenitsky SA, Norman A, Nix DE. The effects of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. J Infect Dis Pharmacother 1995;1:1-11.
  85. Joeres R, Richter E. Mexiletine and caffeine elimination. N Engl J Med 1987;317:117. PubMed
  86. ROTH, J. L. Clinical evaluation of the caffeine gastric analysis in duodenal ulcer patients. Gastroenterology 1951;19(2):199-215. DOI
  87. Smits, P., Temme, L., and Thien, T. The cardiovascular interaction between caffeine and nicotine in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;54(2):194-204. PubMed
  88. MacKenzie, T., Comi, R., Sluss, P., Keisari, R., Manwar, S., Kim, J., Larson, R., and Baron, J. A. Metabolic and hormonal effects of caffeine: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Metabolism 2007;56(12):1694-1698. PubMed
  89. Lopez-Garcia, E., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Rexrode, K. M., Logroscino, G., Hu, F. B., and van Dam, R. M. Coffee consumption and risk of stroke in women. Circulation 3-3-2009;119(8):1116-1123. PubMed
  90. Zhang, W., Lopez-Garcia, E., Li, T. Y., Hu, F. B., and van Dam, R. M. Coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality among men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32(6):1043-1045. PubMed
  91. Moisey, L. L., Robinson, L. E., and Graham, T. E. Consumption of caffeinated coffee and a high carbohydrate meal affects postprandial metabolism of a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test in young, healthy males. Br.J Nutr. 2010;103(6):833-841. PubMed
  92. Simmonds, M. J., Minahan, C. L., and Sabapathy, S. Caffeine improves supramaximal cycling but not the rate of anaerobic energy release. Eur.J Appl Physiol 2010;109(2):287-295. PubMed
  93. Buscemi, S., Verga, S., Batsis, J. A., Donatelli, M., Tranchina, M. R., Belmonte, S., Mattina, A., Re, A., and Cerasola, G. Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(5):483-489. PubMed
  94. Rigato, I., Blarasin, L., and Kette, F. Severe hypokalemia in 2 young bicycle riders due to massive caffeine intake. Clin J Sport Med. 2010;20(2):128-130. PubMed
  95. Ernest, D., Chia, M., and Corallo, C. E. Profound hypokalaemia due to Nurofen Plus and Red Bull misuse. Crit Care Resusc. 2010;12(2):109-110. DOI
  96. Conen, D., Chiuve, S. E., Everett, B. M., Zhang, S. M., Buring, J. E., and Albert, C. M. Caffeine consumption and incident atrial fibrillation in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92(3):509-514. PubMed
  97. Reis, J. P., Loria, C. M., Steffen, L. M., Zhou, X., van, Horn L., Siscovick, D. S., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., and Carr, J. J. Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, caffeine, and tea consumption in young adulthood and atherosclerosis later in life: the CARDIA study. A PubMed
  98. Clausen, T. Hormonal and pharmacological modification of plasma potassium homeostasis. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2010;24(5):595-605. PubMed
  99. Gronroos, N. N. and Alonso, A. Diet and risk of atrial fibrillation - epidemiologic and clinical evidence -. Circ.J 2010;74(10):2029-2038. PubMed
  100. Orozco-Gregorio, H., Mota-Rojas, D., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Trujillo-Ortega, M. E., Becerril-Herrera, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, R., and Villanueva-Garcia, D. Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia PubMed
  101. Smits, P., Lenders, J. W., and Thien, T. Caffeine and theophylline attenuate adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1990;48(4):410-418. PubMed
  102. Jeppesen, U., Loft, S., Poulsen, H. E., and Brsen, K. A fluvoxamine-caffeine interaction study. Pharmacogenetics 1996;6(3):213-222. PubMed
  103. Bates, M. N., Rey, O. A., Biggs, M. L., Hopenhayn, C., Moore, L. E., Kalman, D., Steinmaus, C., and Smith, A. H. Case-control study of bladder cancer and exposure to arsenic in Argentina. Am J Epidemiol. 2-15-2004;159(4):381-389.
  104. Bates, M. N., Hopenhayn, C., Rey, O. A., and Moore, L. E. Bladder cancer and mate consumption in Argentina: a case-control study. Cancer Lett. 2-8-2007;246(1-2):268-273. PubMed
  105. Martin, I., Lopez-Vilchez, M. A., Mur, A., Garcia-Algar, O., Rossi, S., Marchei, E., and Pichini, S. Neonatal withdrawal syndrome after chronic maternal drinking of mate. Ther Drug Monit. 2007;29(1):127-129. PubMed
  106. de Morais, E. C., Stefanuto, A., Klein, G. A., Boaventura, B. C., de, Andrade F., Wazlawik, E., Di Pietro, P. F., Maraschin, M., and da Silva, E. L. Consumption of yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ) improves serum lipid parameters in healthy dyslipidemic
  107. De, Stefani E., Correa, P., Oreggia, F., Deneo-Pellegrini, H., Fernandez, G., Zavala, D., Carzoglio, J., Leiva, J., Fontham, E., and Rivero, S. Black tobacco, wine and mate in oropharyngeal cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Rev.Epidemiol.Sante P
  108. Vassallo, A., Correa, P., De, Stefani E., Cendan, M., Zavala, D., Chen, V., Carzoglio, J., and Deneo-Pellegrini, H. Esophageal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 1985;75(6):1005-1009.
  109. Caldeira D, Martins C, Alves LB, Pereira H, Ferreira JJ, Costa J. Caffeine does not increase the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Heart. 2013;99(19):1383-9. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-303950. Re PubMed
  110. Cheng M, Hu Z, Lu X, Huang J, Gu D. Caffeine intake and atrial fibrillation incidence: dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Apr;30(4):448-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.026. Epub 2014 2. Review. PubMed
  111. van der Hoeven N, Visser I, Schene A, van den Born BJ. Severe hypertension related to caffeinated coffee and tranylcypromine: a case report. Ann Intern Med. 2014 May 6;160(9):657-8. doi: 10.7326/L14-5009-8. No abstract available. PubMed
  112. Dixit S, Stein PK, Dewland TA, Dukes JW, Vittinghoff E, Heckbert SR, Marcus GM. Consumption of Caffeinated Products and Cardiac Ectopy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 26;5(1). pii: e002503. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002503. PubMed
  113. Stefani ED, Moore M, Aune D, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Ronco AL, Boffetta P, et al. Maté consumption and risk of cancer: a multi-site case-control study in Uruguay. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(4):1089-93.
  114. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC monographs evaluate drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages. https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr244_E.pdf. Accessed November 1, 2017.
  115. Zuchinali P, Riberio PA, Pimentel M, da Rosa PR, Zimerman LI, Rohde LE. Effect of caffeine on ventricular arrhythmia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental and clinical studies. Europace 2016 Feb;18(2):257-66. PubMed
  116. Lagier D, Nee L, Guieu R, et al. Peri-operative oral caffeine does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 Apr 26. [Epub ahead of DOI
  117. Voskoboinik A, Kalman JM, Kistler PM. Caffeine and arrhythmias: time to grind the data. JACC: Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4(4):425-32. PubMed
  118. Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;109:585-648. PubMed
  119. Feltrin C, Farias IV, Sandjo LP, Reginatto FH, Simões CMO. Effects of Standardized Medicinal Plant Extracts on Drug Metabolism Mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2020;33(9):2408-2419. PubMed
  120. Zheng KH, Zhu K, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Caffeine intake from coffee and tea and invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative. Int J Cancer 2021;149(12):2032-2044. PubMed
  121. Wang S, Li X, Yang Y, et al. Does coffee, tea and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of incident breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2021;24(18):6377-6389. PubMed
  122. Alshabi AM, Alkahtani SA, Shaikh IA, Habeeb MS. Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats: Impact on therapeutics. Saudi Med J 2021;42(2):151-160. PubMed
  123. Gleason JL, Sundaram R, Mitro SD, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy with child growth. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2239609. PubMed

See these in context on the Yerba Mate monograph →

Diiodothyronine 3 references
  1. Thyroid Hormone — MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Source
  2. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source
  3. Using Dietary Supplements Wisely — NIH NCCIH Source

See these in context on the Diiodothyronine monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Drug–drug interactions › Check two or more of your medications against each other Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements NDC & pricing lookup › Find a drug’s NDCs, packaging and costs Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team