Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 5 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Formula 503X 460 mg Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by TumoRx

Formula 503X 460 mg label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Formula 503X 460 mg against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Formula 503X 460 mg is a dietary supplement by TumoRx with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for inflammation and swelling, sinus and nasal congestion, digestion support.Based on those ingredients, 479 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are R-Alpha Lipoic Acid, CoQ10, Bromelain. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Formula 503X 460 mg by TumoRx

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Formula 503X 460 mg by TumoRx — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Formula 503X 460 mg by TumoRx

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (460 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Formula 503X contains 9 active ingredients. Bromelain is a protein-digesting enzyme from pineapple.

Alpha-lipoic acid (R-Alpha Lipoic Acid) is a compound involved in energy production. CoQ10 (coenzyme Q10) is a naturally occurring substance found in cells.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency in cells. The formula also includes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and L-glutathione, which are antioxidant enzymes, plus pancreatin, an enzyme blend from the pancreas, and black rice extract.

The capsule itself is made from hypromellose, an inactive ingredient.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Cardiovascular disease diagnosis — rated "Effective" (Adenosine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia — rated "Effective" (Adenosine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Coenzyme Q10 deficiency — rated "Likely Effective" (Coenzyme Q10) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cachexia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Adenosine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Migraine headache — rated "Possibly Effective" (Coenzyme Q10) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for this formula's ingredients is mixed. Bromelain lacks sufficient reliable evidence for any of its claimed uses, including allergic rhinitis, burns, cancer, chemotherapy-related nerve damage, chronic venous insufficiency, and diabetes.

Alpha-lipoic acid shows possibly effective evidence for diabetic nerve damage, high cholesterol, and obesity. CoQ10 is likely effective for coenzyme Q10 deficiency and possibly effective for fibromyalgia, migraine headache, heart failure, and diabetic nerve damage.

ATP (adenosine) is effective for specific heart rhythm problems and cardiovascular diagnostic testing, though that use is prescription-only and given by a doctor. Black rice extract lacks sufficient evidence for the conditions listed.

We hold no effectiveness data for superoxide dismutase, catalase, L-glutathione, or pancreatin in this context.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Bromelain Alpha-lipoic Acid Coenzyme Q10 Adenosine Black Rice

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Bromelain is generally well tolerated for short-term use, but long-term safety data is limited. Common side effects include diarrhea, flatulence, stomach upset, and headache.

Allergic reactions are possible, and if bromelain is inhaled, it may cause sensitization and allergic responses like asthma, throat tightness, and eye irritation. Alpha-lipoic acid is generally well tolerated but can lower blood sugar; common side effects are headache, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.

Rare case reports have raised concerns about a type of autoimmune reaction involving insulin. CoQ10 is generally well tolerated; fewer than 1% of patients experience gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, diarrhea, and heartburn.

Headache and dizziness have been reported. ATP (adenosine) has limited safety data as an oral supplement — the prescription injectable form is powerful and must be given only by medical professionals.

Regarding pregnancy: bromelain and alpha-lipoic acid should be avoided due to insufficient safety information. CoQ10 safety in pregnancy is unknown, so it's best avoided unless your doctor advises otherwise.

Black rice as a food is safe, but concentrated extracts haven't been well studied in pregnancy. For breastfeeding: bromelain, alpha-lipoic acid, and ATP should be avoided due to unknown safety.

CoQ10 safety while breastfeeding has not been well studied — use caution and check with your doctor. Black rice extracts' safety while breastfeeding is unknown.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Bromelain Alpha-lipoic Acid Coenzyme Q10 Adenosine Black Rice

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Alpha-lipoic Acid, Bromelain, Coenzyme Q10, Adenosine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; cancer treatments; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 479 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Formula 503X, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any of the following: heart medications, especially dipyridamole (Persantine), carbamazepine (Tegretol), or warfarin (Coumadin); blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs like aspirin or clopidogrel; blood pressure medications; chemotherapy drugs; thyroid hormone medications; diabetes medications; or seizure medications. ATP carries a major interaction with dipyridamole and moderate concerns with carbamazepine.

No interactions are documented in our data for superoxide dismutase, catalase, L-glutathione, or pancreatin, though we could not check these ingredients.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Formula 503X is a multi-ingredient supplement with some evidence for nerve damage and cholesterol support (via alpha-lipoic acid and CoQ10), though many of its ingredients lack established effectiveness. It carries documented interactions with blood thinners, warfarin, seizure medications, certain heart medications (especially dipyridamole), and potentially chemotherapy drugs.

If you take any prescription medication—particularly blood thinners, heart medications, seizure drugs, thyroid medication, diabetes medication, or chemotherapy—or are pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Formula 503X 460 mg, straight from the product label.

Brand TumoRx
Net contents 400 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 25, 2013
DSLD ID 27639
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Formula 503X 460 mg by TumoRx, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
8 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
8 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
50
IngredientAmount% DV
Bromelain0 Not Present--
Proprietary Blend460 mg--
Superoxide Dismutase0 Not Present--
Catalase0 Not Present--
L-Glutathione0 Not Present--
Pancreatin0 Not Present--
R-Alpha Lipoic Acid0 Not Present--
CoQ100 Not Present--
ATP0 Not Present--
Black Rice extract0 Not Present--

Other ingredients: Hypromellose Capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seals/Symbols

100% GUARANTEED FULL STRENGTH

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Usage: As a dietary supplement consume eight (8) capsules per hour for 15 hours per day, or as directed by a health care professional.

Precautions

Side effects can include minor GI upset, diarrhea, and gas.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Formula 503X 460 mg by TumoRx label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Formula 503X 460 mg label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Formula 503X 460 mg by TumoRx

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size8 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container50 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

460 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Formula 503X 460 mg by TumoRx Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Formula 503X 460 mg?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
479Drugs
2 Major 176 Moderate 301 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

R-Alpha Lipoic Acid 263
CoQ10 198
Bromelain 141
ATP 47

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Formula 503X 460 mg interact with 479 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 9 ingredients in Formula 503X 460 mg interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. R-Alpha Lipoic Acid CoQ10 Bromelain ATP

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Formula 503X 460 mg with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

R-Alpha Lipoic Acid5 drug types · 263 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of alpha-lipoic acid might alter the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
The use of antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid during chemotherapy is controversial. There are concerns that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using alpha-lipoic acid.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, alpha-lipoic acid inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antitumor Antibiotics

Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of alpha-lipoic acid might alter the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
The use of antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid during chemotherapy is controversial. There are concerns that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs, which work by generating free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using alpha-lipoic acid.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, alpha-lipoic acid might decrease the effects of thyroid hormone drugs.
Animal research suggests that co-administration of thyroxine with alpha-lipoic acid reduces conversion into the active T3 form.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking alpha-lipoic acid with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Although some small clinical studies have suggested that alpha-lipoic acid can lower blood glucose levels, larger clinical studies in patients with diabetes have shown no clinically meaningful effect. Additionally, co-administration of single doses of alpha-lipoic acid and glyburide or acarbose did not cause detectable drug interactions in healthy volunteers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
R-Alpha Lipoic Acid full monograph & interactions

CoQ103 drug types · 198 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals.
Theoretically, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 might protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents that work by inducing oxidative stress, such as alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) and radiation therapy. The clinical importance of this interaction is unknown.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Coenzyme Q10 is chemically similar to menaquinone and might have vitamin K-like procoagulant effects, which could decrease the effects of warfarin.
Concomitant use of coenzyme Q10 and warfarin might reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Four cases of decreased warfarin efficacy thought to be due to coenzyme Q10 have been reported. However, there is some preliminary clinical research that suggests coenzyme Q10 might not significantly decrease the effects of warfarin in patients who have a stable INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research shows that coenzyme Q10 can significantly lower blood pressure, although other studies have shown conflicting results.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
CoQ10 full monograph & interactions

Bromelain2 drug types · 141 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bromelain full monograph & interactions

ATP3 drug types · 47 drugs

Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Dipyridamole can increase the therapeutic and toxic effects of adenosine.
Dipyridamole decreases the metabolism of adenosine. Intravenous infusion of adenosine in patients who are taking dipyridamole can cause dizziness, bradycardia, and syncope. Dipyridamole should be discontinued for several days prior to a cardiac stress test using adenosine.

Likelihood Likely Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Carbamazepine might increase the risk of heart block when used concomitantly with adenosine.
Carbamazepine and adenosine can both cause heart block. Giving them concurrently might produce an additive effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Methylxanthines

Methylxanthines are competitive antagonists of adenosine and can block its pharmacologic effects.
The methylxanthines, aminophylline, caffeine, and theophylline, can block the effects of adenosine by acting as competitive antagonists at adenosine cell surface receptors. It is recommended that methylxanthines be avoided for 24 hours prior to cardiac stress tests.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
ATP full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Formula 503X 460 mg, from the product label.

TumoRx

Name
BioAnue Laboratories Inc.
Street Address
P.O. Box 1056, 123 Wood Tech Dr.
City
Rochelle
State
GA
ZipCode
31079
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Formula 503X 460 mg by TumoRx: Common Questions

Does Formula 503X 460 mg by TumoRx interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Formula 503X 460 mg has a known interaction with 479 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Formula 503X 460 mg contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is alpha-lipoic acid, and what is it supposed to do?
Alpha-lipoic acid is a compound your cells naturally make to help produce energy. In this formula, it's used because some research suggests it may help with diabetic nerve damage, high cholesterol, and weight management, though evidence is still limited.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin?
Not without checking with your doctor first. Both CoQ10 and bromelain in this formula interact with warfarin — CoQ10 may reduce how well warfarin works (four cases of decreased warfarin effectiveness have been reported), and bromelain may increase bleeding risk. Your doctor needs to weigh these risks for your specific situation.
Is this safe to take during pregnancy?
The safety data advises against it during pregnancy. Bromelain and alpha-lipoic acid should be avoided, and CoQ10 and ATP safety is unknown — there isn't enough reliable information either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.
What are the most common side effects?
The main ingredients most likely to cause side effects are bromelain (diarrhea, gas, stomach upset, headache) and alpha-lipoic acid (headache, heartburn, nausea). CoQ10 side effects are uncommon but can include nausea and diarrhea in fewer than 1% of users.
Does this product contain any fillers?
The capsule itself is made from hypromellose, which is an inactive ingredient (the capsule material). The active ingredients are listed separately.
What does adenosine (ATP) do in this supplement?
ATP is a molecule your cells use for energy. The prescription form of adenosine is used by doctors to diagnose heart problems and treat certain heart rhythms. As an oral supplement in this product, the evidence is limited and safety is not well established.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Formula 503X 460 mg is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Formula 503X 460 mg label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Formula 503X 460 mg’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Bromelain

Interacts with 141 drugs

Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...

Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Alpha-lipoic Acid

Interacts with 263 drugs

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant made naturally by the body and found in small amounts in foods. It is most studied for diabetic nerve pain, where some evidence suggests it may help...

Read the full Alpha-lipoic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Coenzyme Q10

Interacts with 198 drugs

CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for heart condition...

Read the full Coenzyme Q10 monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Adenosine

Interacts with 47 drugs

Adenosine is a natural building block your body uses for energy and cell signaling, and a prescription injectable version is used by doctors to treat certain fast heart rhythms. As an over-t...

Read the full Adenosine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Rice

Black rice is a nutritious whole-grain food that is rich in fiber, plant protein, and antioxidant pigments called anthocyanins. Eaten as part of a balanced diet it is a healthy choice, but s...

Read the full Black Rice monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Formula 503X 460 mg's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 119 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Bromelain 19 references
  1. Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
  2. Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
  3. Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
  4. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  5. Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
  6. Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
  7. Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
  8. Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
  9. Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
  10. Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
  11. Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
  12. Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
  13. Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
  14. Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
  15. Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  16. Shoham Y, Shapira E, Haik J, et al. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds: Results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2021;29(6):899-907. PubMed
  17. Pfister P, Garcia Wendel PD, Kim BS, et al. Coagulation side effects of enzymatic debridement in burned patients. Burns 2022. PubMed
  18. Hasham S, Riyat H, Fletcher A, O'Boyle CP, Alexander S. To bleed or not to bleed? Case series and discussion of haemorrhage risk with enzymatic debridement in burn injuries. Scars Burn Heal 2023;9:20595131231168333. PubMed
  19. Leelakanok N, Petchsomrit A, Janurai T, Saechan C, Sunsandee N. Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023. PubMed

See these in context on the Bromelain monograph →

Alpha-lipoic Acid 48 references
  1. Labriola D, Livingston R. Possible interactions between dietary antioxidants and chemotherapy. Oncology 1999;13:1003-8.
  2. Anon. Alpha-lipoic acid. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:308-10.
  3. Konrad T, Vicini P, Kusterer K, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid treatment decreases serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations and improves glucose effectiveness in lean and obese patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999;22:280-7. PubMed
  4. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau KJ, et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid: A 3-week, multicentre randomized controlled trial (ALADIN Study). Diabetologia 1995;38:1425-33.
  5. Gleiter CH, Schreeb KH, Freudenthaler S, et al. Lack of interaction between thioctic acid, glibenclamide and acarbose. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999;48:819-25. PubMed
  6. Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Tritschler HJ, et al. Improvement of insulin-stimulated glucose-disposal in type 2 diabetes after repeated parenteral administration of thioctic acid. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabet 1996;104:284-8. PubMed
  7. Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Schiemann AL, et al. Enhancement of glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes by alpha-lipoic acid. Arzneimittelforschung 1995;45:872-4.
  8. Jacob S, Ruus P, Hermann R, et al. Oral administration of RAC-alpha-lipoic acid modulates insulin sensitivity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, pilot trial. Free Rad Biol Med 1999;27:309-14.
  9. Segermann J, Hotze A, Ulrich H, Rao GS. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on the peripheral conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine and on serum lipid-, protein- and glucose levels. Arzneimittelforschung 1991;41:1294-8.
  10. Beitner H. Randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 5% alpha-lipoic acid related to photoaging of facial skin. Br J Dermatol 2003;149:841-9.
  11. Ziegler D, Nowak H, Kempler P, et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid: A meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2004;21:114-21.
  12. Prasad KN. Rationale for using high-dose multiple dietary antioxidants as an adjunct to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. J Nutr 2004;134:3182S-3S. PubMed
  13. Conklin KA. Cancer chemotherapy and antioxidants. J Nutr 2004;134:3201S-3204S. PubMed
  14. Vincent HK, Bourguignon CM, Vincent KR, Taylor AG. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in peripheral arterial disease: a pilot study. J Alt Complement Med 2007;13:577-84. PubMed
  15. Furukawa N, Miyamura N, Nishida K, et al. Possible relevance of alpha lipoic acid contained in a health supplement in a case of insulin autoimmune syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007;75:366-7. PubMed
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Coenzyme Q10 40 references
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Adenosine 10 references
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See these in context on the Adenosine monograph →

Black Rice 2 references
  1. Arsenic in Rice and Rice Products — U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Source
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See these in context on the Black Rice monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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