Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Fung-E Clenz Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by North American Herb & Spice

Fung-E Clenz label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Fung-E Clenz against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Fung-E Clenz is a dietary supplement by North American Herb & Spice with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cooking and flavoring, digestive upset, blood sugar support.Based on those ingredients, 1,348 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are wild Sage Oil, Bay Leaf Oil, Wild, Cumin Oil, Wild. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Fung-E Clenz by North American Herb & Spice

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Fung-E Clenz by North American Herb & Spice — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Fung-E Clenz by North American Herb & Spice

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Fung-E Clenz contains five active ingredients: bay leaf oil, wild sage oil, cumin oil, wild oregano oil, and wild myrtle oil. These are herbal essential oils — concentrated plant extracts — rather than whole herbs or food-grade seasonings.

The product has no inactive fillers or other ingredients listed. All five oils are included in a proprietary blend format, so you won't see individual amounts on the label.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: immune support and fungal cleansing.
  • We looked for evidence on: Respiratory tract infections, Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), Common cold, Cough, Bronchitis, Pharyngitis — and 4 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Sage is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Pharyngitis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Myrtle is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Respiratory tract infections, Intestinal parasite infection, Oropharyngeal candidiasis.
  • Also on file: Oregano is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Bronchitis, Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), Cough.

The effectiveness data we hold does not establish that any ingredient in this product works for fungal infections or any other condition. Bay leaf shows insufficient evidence for common cold, dandruff, diarrhea, dysmenorrhea, and boils.

Sage is possibly effective for menopausal symptoms, possibly effective for high cholesterol, and possibly effective for cognitive function — but not for the indication this product markets. Cumin, oregano, and myrtle all lack reliable evidence for their listed uses in our data, including acne, respiratory infections, and diarrhea.

If you're considering this product for a fungal condition, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether the evidence supports its use for your situation.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Bay Leaf Sage Cumin Oregano Myrtle

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sage oil must be avoided during pregnancy because it contains thujone, a compound that raises safety concerns — food amounts are likely fine, but medicinal doses are not recommended. Sage is also possibly unsafe during breastfeeding due to its traditional use to reduce milk supply; check with your doctor or pharmacist before nursing.

Oregano oil is possibly unsafe in pregnancy; stick to food amounts. Myrtle oil is likely unsafe in both pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data — the safety data advises avoiding it in these situations.

Adverse effects are generally mild when these oils are used in food amounts but concentrated and uncommon at supplement doses. Bay leaf in whole leaf form can cause choking or intestinal perforation, and allergic contact dermatitis has been reported.

Sage may cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness; rare seizures linked to thujone have been reported. Cumin and oregano may trigger allergic reactions including anaphylaxis in sensitive people.

Myrtle carries rare but serious risks — very large amounts of undiluted oil may cause respiratory failure, and facial contact with myrtle oil in infants and children may cause bronchial spasm or asthma-like attacks.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Bay Leaf Sage Cumin Oregano Myrtle

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Sage, Cumin, Oregano, Bay Leaf.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,349 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check these medication types before taking this product. Antidiabetes drugs (Moderate risk of low blood sugar with bay leaf, cumin, and oregano) — monitor glucose closely if you proceed.

Blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (Moderate risk of increased bleeding with cumin and oregano). Sedatives and narcotic pain relievers (Moderate risk of added drowsiness with bay leaf and sage).

Blood pressure medications (Moderate, sage may raise or lower pressure unpredictably). Drugs broken down by your liver enzymes CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 (Moderate, sage may increase their levels).

Hormone therapy including birth control and estrogen (Moderate, sage may interfere). Rifampin antibiotic (Moderate, cumin may increase its levels).

Because of the number and overlap of interactions, your own doctor or pharmacist should review your full medication list before you start.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Fung-E Clenz is a concentrated herbal oil blend with documented interactions affecting over 1,300 medications. If you take any prescription drugs — especially blood sugar medication, sedatives, blood thinners, or antihypertensive medication — or use hormone therapy, you need to check your exact medications before starting.

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid it. Talk with your own doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you and safe with your health profile.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 21, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Fung-E Clenz, straight from the product label.

Brand North American Herb & Spice
Barcode (UPC) 635824000587
Net contents 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 Milliliter(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 21, 2022
DSLD ID 269705
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Fung-E Clenz by North American Herb & Spice, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
5 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
5 Drop(s)
Servings per container
173
UPC/BARCODE
635824000587
IngredientAmount% DV
Bay Leaf Oil, Wild0 NP--
wild Sage Oil0 NP--
Proprietary Blend0 NP--
Cumin Oil, Wild0 NP--
wild Oregano Oil0 NP--
Myrtle Oil, Wild0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take five drops under the tongue 2 or 3 times daily or in juice or water with meals. Also may be applied topically.

Formula

Fung-E Clenz is a unique immune support and fungal cleansing blend of remote, high-mountain, wild oregano, sage, cumin, and myrtle.

Aromatic spice oil blend

CRC Kosher 748

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

Healthy immune support

Seals/Symbols

CRC Kosher 748

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Fung-E Clenz by North American Herb & Spice label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Fung-E Clenz label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Fung-E Clenz by North American Herb & Spice

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size5 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container173 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

0 NP per serving Form: Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Interaction report

Fung-E Clenz by North American Herb & Spice Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Fung-E Clenz?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,348Drugs
1,348 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

wild Sage Oil 1,296
Bay Leaf Oil, Wild 335
Cumin Oil, Wild 211
wild Oregano Oil 208

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Fung-E Clenz interact with 1,348 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in Fung-E Clenz interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. wild Sage Oil Bay Leaf Oil, Wild Cumin Oil, Wild wild Oregano Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Fung-E Clenz with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

wild Sage Oil14 drug types · 1,296 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, sage might decrease the clinical effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, sage might interfere with the clinical effects of anticonvulsant drugs.
Some species of sage can cause convulsions when consumed in large quantities.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking sage with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes, common sage (Salvia officinalis) has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity. However, other clinical research in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes shows that common sage extract does not lower fasting blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, sage might increase or decrease the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can cause prolonged blood pressure reduction. However, clinical research suggests that Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can increase blood pressure in some people with hypertension. Until more is known, use with caution.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Benzodiazepines

Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of benzodiazepines.
In vitro evidence suggests that certain components of common sage (Salvia officinalis) can bind to benzodiazepine receptors. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, sage might have additive effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking sage might increase the sedative and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Some constituents of sage have CNS depressant activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Animal research suggests that drinking common sage (Salvia officinalis) tea increases the expression of CYP2E1. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro evidence suggests that aqueous extracts of sage can inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, sage might interfere with hormone therapy.
In vitro evidence suggests that geraniol, a constituent of Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia), exerts estrogenic activity. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, sage might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro research suggests that common sage (Salvia officinalis) can inhibit the multi-drug transporter protein, P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
wild Sage Oil full monograph & interactions

Bay Leaf Oil, Wild3 drug types · 335 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Concomitant use of bay leaf with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that bay leaf can lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes who are already taking antidiabetes medication. Advise patients to monitor glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments may be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of sedatives.
Bay leaf contains methyl eugenol. Animal research shows that methyl eugenol has sedative properties. Avoid concomitant use.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Narcotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of narcotics. Avoid concomitant use.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bay Leaf Oil, Wild full monograph & interactions

Cumin Oil, Wild3 drug types · 211 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that cumin can inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, cumin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that cumin can lower blood sugar in diabetic animals. However, research in humans with and without diabetes has found conflicting results.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Theoretically, cumin might increase the effects and adverse effects of rifampin.
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of cumin containing a specific flavonoid glycoside can increase the bioavailability and plasma levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cumin Oil, Wild full monograph & interactions

wild Oregano Oil2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aristolochic acid isolated from oregano leaves has antithrombin activity. It has also been reported that oregano oil inhibits arachidonic acid-induced, and ADP-induced, platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that oregano extracts might lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
wild Oregano Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Fung-E Clenz, from the product label.

North American Herb & Spice

See all North American Herb & Spice products
Name
NAH&S
Street Address
13900 W. Polo Trail Drive
City
Lake Forest
State
IL
ZipCode
60045
Phone Number
1-800-243-5242
Web Address
www.oreganol.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Fung-E Clenz by North American Herb & Spice: Common Questions

Does Fung-E Clenz by North American Herb & Spice interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Fung-E Clenz has a known interaction with 1,348 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Fung-E Clenz contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No, not safely. Sage oil must be avoided in pregnancy because of thujone content, and oregano is possibly unsafe in pregnancy as well. Sage is possibly unsafe and myrtle is likely unsafe while breastfeeding. If you're pregnant or nursing, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before considering any supplement in this product.
What are the most common side effects?
At the concentrated doses in this liquid supplement, common effects reported with these herbal oils include gastrointestinal upset (cumin, oregano), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness (sage), and dryness if applied to skin (myrtle topically). Allergic reactions including contact dermatitis are possible in sensitive people, especially with bay leaf and oregano.
Does this product actually work for fungal infections?
The effectiveness data we hold does not establish that any ingredient here works for fungal infections or the other conditions typically marketed with this blend. If you're looking to treat a fungal issue, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about evidence-based options.
What is myrtle oil supposed to do?
In our data, myrtle oil lacks reliable evidence for acne, bacterial vaginosis, respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, GERD, or gingivitis. There is limited information on its safety when taken by mouth or used internally at medicinal doses.
Can I take this with my blood pressure or diabetes medication?
Not without checking first with your doctor or pharmacist. Sage may unpredictably raise or lower blood pressure, and bay leaf, cumin, and oregano may increase the risk of low blood sugar when combined with diabetes medication — so glucose monitoring and dose adjustments could be needed.
Why does this product have so many interactions?
It's a liquid concentrate of five different herbal essential oils, each with multiple active compounds. Sage alone interacts with several liver enzyme systems that process hundreds of common drugs. The combination means your overall interaction risk is higher than with a single-ingredient herb.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Fung-E Clenz is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Fung-E Clenz label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Fung-E Clenz’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Bay Leaf

Interacts with 335 drugs

Bay leaf is a common culinary herb that is safe in the small amounts used in cooking. Some people take it for digestion, blood sugar, or colds, but strong human evidence for these uses is la...

Read the full Bay Leaf monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sage

Interacts with 1,296 drugs

Sage is a common kitchen herb that is generally safe in food amounts and is traditionally used for sore throats, digestion, sweating, and memory. Some early research is encouraging for sore...

Read the full Sage monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cumin

Interacts with 211 drugs

Cumin is a common cooking spice that has a long history in traditional medicine for digestion and other complaints. Food amounts are generally safe for most people, but the evidence for medi...

Read the full Cumin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Oregano

Interacts with 208 drugs

Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacrol. While lab studies suggest it may hav...

Read the full Oregano monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Myrtle

Myrtle (Myrtus communis) is a Mediterranean shrub used traditionally for respiratory, digestive, and skin complaints. Modern research is mostly limited to laboratory and small studies, so it...

Read the full Myrtle monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Fung-E Clenz's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 59 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Bay Leaf 7 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Cartier LC, Lehrer A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma caused by aromatic herbs. Allergy 1996;51:647-9. DOI
  3. Adisen E, Onder M. Allergic contact dermatitis from Laurus nobilis oil induced by massage. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56:360-1.
  4. Ozden, M. G., Oztas, P., Oztas, M. O., and Onder, M. Allergic contact dermatitis from Laurus nobilis (laurel) oil. Contact Dermatitis 2001;45(3):178. PubMed
  5. Khan, A., Zaman, G., and Anderson, R. A. Bay leaves improve glucose and lipid profile of people with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Biochem.Nutr. 2009;44(1):52-56. PubMed
  6. Cheminat, A., Stampf, J. L., and Benezra, C. Allergic contact dermatitis to laurel (Laurus nobilis L.): isolation and identification of haptens. Arch Dermatol Res 1984;276(3):178-181. PubMed
  7. Vassileva S, Darlenski R. Bay leaf phytodermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2020 Nov 15. PubMed

See these in context on the Bay Leaf monograph →

Sage 27 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Todorov S, Philianos S, Petkov V, et al. Experimental pharmacological study of three species from genus Salvia. Acta Physiol Pharmacol (Bulg) 1984;10:13-20.
  3. Perry NS, Bollen C, Perry EK, Ballard C. Salvia for dementia therapy: review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;75:651-9.. PubMed
  4. Saller R, Buechi S, Meyrat R, Schmidhauser C. Combined herbal preparation for topical treatment of Herpes labialis. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2001;8:373-82. PubMed
  5. Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, et al. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2003;28:53-9.
  6. Perry NB, Anderson RE, Brennan NJ, et al. Essential oils from dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis l.): variations among individuals, plant parts, seasons, and sites. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47:2048-54..
  7. Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Hana J, et al. In vitro inhibition of human cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of marker substrates by natural products. Phytomedicine 2003;10:334-42.. PubMed
  8. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70. PubMed
  9. Bommer S, Klein P, Suter A. First time proof of sage's tolerability and efficacy in menopausal women with hot flushes. Adv Ther 2011;28:490-500. PubMed
  10. Hellum BH, Nilsen OG. The in vitro inhibitory potential of trade herbal products on human CYP2D6-mediated metabolism and the influence of ethanol. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Nov;101:350-8.
  11. Orhan, I., Kartal, M., Kan, Y., and Sener, B. Activity of essential oils and individual components against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Z.Naturforsch.C. 2008;63(7-8):547-553.
  12. Perry, N. S., Houghton, P. J., Theobald, A., Jenner, P., and Perry, E. K. In-vitro inhibition of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil and constituent terpenes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000;52(7):895-902.
  13. Perry, N. S., Houghton, P. J., Sampson, J., Theobald, A. E., Hart, S., Lis-Balchin, M., Hoult, J. R., Evans, P., Jenner, P., Milligan, S., and Perry, E. K. In-vitro activity of S. lavandulaefolia (Spanish sage) relevant to treatment of Alzheimer's diseas
  14. Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290.
  15. Kavvadias, D., Monschein, V., Sand, P., Riederer, P., and Schreier, P. Constituents of sage (Salvia officinalis) with in vitro affinity to human brain benzodiazepine receptor. Planta Med. 2003;69(2):113-117.
  16. Savelev, S. U., Okello, E. J., and Perry, E. K. Butyryl- and acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities in essential oils of Salvia species and their constituents. Phytother Res 2004;18(4):315-324.
  17. Kennedy, D. O., Pace, S., Haskell, C., Okello, E. J., Milne, A., and Scholey, A. B. Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31(4):84 PubMed
  18. Hubbert, M., Sievers, H., Lehnfeld, R., and Kehrl, W. Efficacy and tolerability of a spray with Salvia officinalis in the treatment of acute pharyngitis - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with adaptive design and interim analysis. Eur
  19. Lima, C. F., Fernandes-Ferreira, M., and Pereira-Wilson, C. Drinking of Salvia officinalis tea increases CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2007;45(3):456-464.
  20. Hellum, B. H. and Nilsen, O. G. In vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by trade herbal products. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008;102(5):466-475.
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  23. Sertoli, A., Fabbri, P., Campolmi, P., and Panconesi, E. Allergic contact dermatitis to Salvia Officinalis, Inula Viscosa and Conyza Bonariensis. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(5):314-315.
  24. Vandecasteele K, Ost P, Oosterlinck W, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Salvia officinalis in controlling hot flashes in prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation. Phytother Res. 2012;26(2):208-13.
  25. Kianbakht S, Dabaghian FH. Improved glycemic control and lipid profile in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients consuming Salvia officinalis L. leaf extract: a randomized placebo. Controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2013;21(5):441-6. PubMed
  26. Amini L, Mojab F, Jahanfar S, Sepidarkish M, Raoofi Z, Maleki-Hajiagha A. Efficacy of Salvia officinalis extract on the prevention of insulin resistance in euglycemic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical tr
  27. Behradmanesh S, Derees F, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Effect of Salvia officinalis on diabetic patients. J Renal Inj Prev. 2013;2(2):51-4.

See these in context on the Sage monograph →

Cumin 10 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Anliker, M. D., Borelli, S., and Wuthrich, B. Occupational protein contact dermatitis from spices in a butcher: a new presentation of the mugwort-spice syndrome. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46(2):72-74. PubMed
  3. Dhandapani, S., Subramanian, V. R., Rajagopal, S., and Namasivayam, N. Hypolipidemic effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacol.Res 2002;46(3):251-255. PubMed
  4. Sachin, B. S., Sharma, S. C., Sethi, S., Tasduq, S. A., Tikoo, M. K., Tikoo, A. K., Satti, N. K., Gupta, B. D., Suri, K. A., Johri, R. K., and Qazi, G. N. Herbal modulation of drug bioavailability: enhancement of rifampicin levels in plasma by herbal pro
  5. Jagtap, A. G. and Patil, P. B. Antihyperglycemic activity and inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation by Cuminum cyminum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Food Chem.Toxicol. 5-6-2010; PubMed
  6. Srivastava, K. C. Extracts from two frequently consumed spices--cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa)--inhibit platelet aggregation and alter eicosanoid biosynthesis in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1989;3 PubMed
  7. Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290.
  8. Boxer, M., Roberts, M., and Grammer, L. Cumin anaphylaxis: a case report. J.Allergy Clin.Immunol. 1997;99(5):722-723. PubMed
  9. Karimian J, Farrokhzad A, Jalili C. The effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2021;35(8):4127-4135.
  10. Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Faghfouri AH, Anbari M, et al. The effects of Cuminum cyminum on glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;281:114510. PubMed

See these in context on the Cumin monograph →

Oregano 12 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Benito M, Jorro G, Morales C, et al. Labiatae allergy: systemic reactions due to ingestion of oregano and thyme. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996;76:416-8. PubMed
  3. Chevallier A. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. 2nd ed. New York, NY: DK Publ, Inc., 2000.
  4. Ciganda C, and Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:235-239. PubMed
  5. Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290.
  6. Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. PubMed
  7. Goun, E., Cunningham, G., Solodnikov, S., Krasnykch, O., and Miles, H. Antithrombin activity of some constituents from Origanum vulgare. Fitoterapia 2002;73(7-8):692-694. PubMed
  8. Lemhadri, A., Zeggwagh, N. A., Maghrani, M., Jouad, H., and Eddouks, M. Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare growing wild in Tafilalet region. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;92(2-3):251-256. PubMed
  9. McCue, P., Vattem, D., and Shetty, K. Inhibitory effect of clonal oregano extracts against porcine pancreatic amylase in vitro. Asia Pac.J Clin.Nutr. 2004;13(4):401-408.
  10. Ragi, J., Pappert, A., Rao, B., Havkin-Frenkel, D., and Milgraum, S. Oregano extract ointment for wound healing: a randomized, double-blind, petrolatum-controlled study evaluating efficacy. J.Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(10):1168-1172.
  11. Singletary K. Oregano: overview of the literature on health benefits. Nutrition Today 2010;45(3):129-38.
  12. Silva MLAE, Lucarini R, Dos Santos FF, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of rosmarinic acid-rich infusion (RosCE) from Origanum vulgare in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Nat Prod Res 2022;36(17):4525-4531.

See these in context on the Oregano monograph →

Myrtle 3 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Salmanian M, Shirbeigi L, Hashem-Dabaghian F, et al. The Effects of Myrtle (Myrtus communis) and Clindamycin Topical Solution in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Acne Vulgaris: A Comparative Split-Face Study. J Pharmacopuncture 2020;23(4):220-229.
  3. Paknejad MS, Eftekhari K, Rahimi R, Vigeh M, Naghizadeh A, Karimi M. Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) fruit syrup for gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021;35(11):6369-6376.

See these in context on the Myrtle monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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