Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by LifeLink

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 is a dietary supplement by LifeLink with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for memory and focus, mood and mental clarity, adhd-type symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 219 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are DMAE, Huperzine A 1% Extract, Choline. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 by LifeLink

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 by LifeLink — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 by LifeLink

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 13, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Huperzine A 1% Extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (20 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 contains 4 active ingredients. Huperzine A is the main player — it's an alkaloid extracted from club moss that works by blocking an enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) that normally breaks down acetylcholine, a chemical messenger in your brain.

DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol) is thought to increase acetylcholine levels as well. Choline is a nutrient that serves as a building block for acetylcholine and supports brain function.

The product also contains a huperzine A 1% extract as a standardized form of the active alkaloid. The tablet also includes several inactive ingredients — maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, and croscarmellose sodium — which are fillers and binders that help hold the tablet together.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Memory, focus and concentration enhancement.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, Cognitive function, Cognitive impairment, Dementia, Memory — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Huperzine A is rated "Possibly Effective" for Alzheimer disease (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Deanol is rated "Likely Ineffective" for Alzheimer disease.
  • Also on file: Choline is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, Cognitive function, Dementia.

The evidence for what this product can do is mixed and limited. Huperzine A is possibly effective for Alzheimer disease, but for other uses — athletic performance, cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, depression, and memory — the evidence is insufficient to say whether it works.

DMAE has been rated likely ineffective for Alzheimer disease and tardive dyskinesia (a movement disorder), and there's insufficient evidence for aging skin, athletic performance, and ADHD. Choline is possibly ineffective for athletic performance, and we don't have enough evidence for its use in age-related cognitive decline, bronchitis, liver health, or hay fever.

Vitamin B5 has no effectiveness data on file for this product.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Deanol Huperzine A Choline

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Orally, huperzine A and DMAE are generally well tolerated, but both can cause real side effects — huperzine A may cause dose-dependent cholinergic effects like blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, insomnia, constipation, and sweating. DMAE has been linked to abdominal cramps, diarrhea, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and at higher doses (above 1000 mg daily) mood changes including depression and hypomania, or increased schizophrenia symptoms.

Choline is well tolerated at appropriate doses but can cause a fishy body odor and, at very high doses (9 grams or more daily), diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Huperzine A is not recommended during pregnancy — there isn't enough safety data.

Safety while breastfeeding is also unknown, so it's best avoided. DMAE should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Choline is likely safe during pregnancy and is actually important then, but use only prenatal or supplement doses as your doctor advises; breastfeeding needs are higher, so use supplements only under professional guidance.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Deanol Huperzine A Choline

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Choline, Deanol, Huperzine A.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • For scale: 219 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on cholinergic drugs (drugs that boost acetylcholine) — huperzine A may increase their effects and side effects, and that's a Moderate concern. Also check if you're taking anticholinergic drugs or atropine — huperzine A, DMAE, and choline might reduce how well they work, though the severity ranges from Minor to Moderate depending on the medication.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is aimed at people interested in cognitive support, particularly those concerned with Alzheimer disease, though the evidence is strongest only for that use with huperzine A. If you take anticholinergic or cholinergic medications, or atropine, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting — this product could affect how those drugs work.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? Check with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Because huperzine A is pharmacologically active and can cause side effects, use it with care and medical guidance.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 1, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200, straight from the product label.

Brand LifeLink
Barcode (UPC) 639793403097
Net contents 100 Tablet(s); 200 mcg
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 1, 2012
DSLD ID 11844
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 by LifeLink, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
UPC/BARCODE
639793403097
IngredientAmount% DV
Huperzine A200 mcg--
DMAE25 mg--
Huperzine A 1% Extract20 mg--
Choline250 mg--
Vitamin B5100 mg100%

Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Croscarmellose Sodium

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

General Statements

Huperzine A enhances memory, focus and concentration by inhibiting the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetyl-choline.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: 1 tablet 3 times daily or as directed by a health care professional.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 by LifeLink label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 by LifeLink

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

DMAE

Interacts with
219 drugs
25 mg per serving Form: Dimethylaminoethanol Bitartrate

Deanol (DMAE) is a compound related to choline that is marketed for memory, focus, and mood, but solid human evidence for most of these uses is limite...

DMAE monograph & interactions

Huperzine A 1% Extract

Interacts with
219 drugs
20 mg per serving

Huperzine A is a purified compound from a Chinese clubmoss that acts like a mild cholinesterase inhibitor, similar in mechanism to some prescription A...

Huperzine A 1% Extract monograph & interactions

Choline

Interacts with
16 drugs
250 mg per serving Form: Dihydrogen Citrate

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like egg...

Choline monograph & interactions

Vitamin B5

100 mg per serving Form: Calcium Pantothenate, Pantethine

Other (inactive) ingredients: Maltodextrin, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Croscarmellose Sodium. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 by LifeLink Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
219Drugs
219 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

DMAE 219
Huperzine A 1% Extract 219
Choline 16

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 interact with 219 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. DMAE Huperzine A 1% Extract Choline

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

DMAE2 drug types · 219 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, deanol might decrease the effectiveness of anticholinergic drugs.
Deanol is thought to increase acetylcholine levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, deanol might increase the effects and adverse effects of cholinergic drugs.
Deanol is thought to increase acetylcholine levels.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
DMAE full monograph & interactions

Huperzine A 1% Extract2 drug types · 219 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, huperzine A might decrease the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
Huperzine A has acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibiting effects. In animal models, huperzine A reversed cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine, an anticholinergic drug.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of huperzine A with cholinergic drugs might increase the effects and side effects of these medications.
Huperzine A can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and might cause cumulative effects if used with cholinergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Huperzine A 1% Extract full monograph & interactions

Choline1 drug type · 16 drugs

Atropine

Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Animal research shows that administering choline one hour before administering atropine can attenuate atropine-induced decreases in brain levels of acetylcholine. Theoretically, concomitant use of choline and atropine may decrease the effects of atropine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Choline full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200, from the product label.

LifeLink

See all LifeLink products
Name
LifeLink
City
Grover Beach
State
CA
ZipCode
93433
Web Address
http://www.lifelinknet.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 by LifeLink: Common Questions

Does Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 by LifeLink interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 has a known interaction with 219 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is huperzine A, and what is it supposed to do?
Huperzine A is an alkaloid (a natural compound) extracted from club moss. It blocks an enzyme that normally breaks down acetylcholine, a chemical messenger in your brain. The strongest evidence is for possibly helping with Alzheimer disease, though there isn't enough reliable evidence yet to say it works for memory, cognitive impairment, depression, or athletic performance.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Huperzine A and DMAE should be avoided — there isn't enough safety data. Choline is actually important during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but use only prenatal or supplement doses as your doctor advises. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about what's right for you before taking this product.
What side effects might I notice?
Huperzine A can cause cholinergic side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, dizziness, dry mouth, insomnia, and sweating. DMAE may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, drowsiness, and nausea. At very high doses, choline can cause a fishy body odor, diarrhea, and nausea. These are dose-dependent, so lower doses tend to cause fewer problems.
Is DMAE the same thing as huperzine A?
No, they're different active ingredients in this product. DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol) is thought to increase acetylcholine levels, while huperzine A blocks the enzyme that breaks acetylcholine down. Both are included to support the same brain chemical, but they work in different ways.
What does choline do in this formula?
Choline is a nutrient that serves as a building block for acetylcholine, the brain chemical both huperzine A and DMAE are meant to support. It's important for brain function and is particularly important during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Does this product have fillers?
Yes, it contains inactive ingredients: maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, and croscarmellose sodium. These are standard binders and fillers that help hold the tablet together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200 label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Deanol

Interacts with 219 drugs

Deanol (DMAE) is a compound related to choline that is marketed for memory, focus, and mood, but solid human evidence for most of these uses is limited or mixed. It can cause side effects in...

Read the full Deanol monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Huperzine A

Interacts with 219 drugs

Huperzine A is a purified compound from a Chinese clubmoss that acts like a mild cholinesterase inhibitor, similar in mechanism to some prescription Alzheimer's drugs. Some small studies sug...

Read the full Huperzine A monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Choline

Interacts with 16 drugs

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...

Read the full Choline monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Knoitol Huperzine A Complex 200's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 42 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Huperzine A 13 references
  1. Skolnick AA. Old Chinese herbal medicine used for fever yields possible new Alzheimer Disease therapy. JAMA 1997;277:776. DOI
  2. Ye JW, Cai JX, Wang LM, Tang XC. Improving effects of huperzine A on spatial working memory in aged monkeys and young adult monkeys with experimental cognitive impairment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;288:814-9.. DOI
  3. Wang T, Tang XC. Reversal of scopolamine-induced deficits in radial maze performance by (-)-huperzine A: comparison with E2020 and tacrine. Eur J Pharmacol 1998;349:137-42. PubMed
  4. Xu SS, Gao ZX, Weng Z, et al. Efficacy of tablet huperzine-A on memory, cognition, and behavior in Alzheimer's disease. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1995;16:391-5.
  5. Zhang RW, Tang XC, Han YY, et al. [Drug evaluation of huperzine A in the treatment of senile memory disorders]. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao 1991;12:250-2.
  6. Xu SS, Cai ZY, Qu ZW, et al. Huperzine-A in capsules and tablets for treating patients with Alzheimer disease. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1999;20:486-90.
  7. Felgenhauer N, Zilker T, Worek F, Eyer P. Intoxication with huperzine A, a potent anticholinesterase found in the fir club moss. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000;38:803-8.. PubMed
  8. Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Chen, Q., Shu, L., Wang, J., and Shan, G. [Clinical efficacy and safety of huperzine Alpha in treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 7-25-2002;82
  9. Cheng, D. H., Ren, H., and Tang, X. C. Huperzine A, a novel promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Neuroreport 12-20-1996;8(1):97-101. PubMed
  10. Wang BS, Wang H, Wei ZH, Song YY, Zhang L, Chen HZ. Efficacy and safety of natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitor huperzine A in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an updated meta-analysis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009;116(4):457-65. PubMed
  11. Xu ZQ, Liang XM, Juan-Wu, Zhang YF, Zhu CX, Jiang XJ. Treatment with Huperzine A improves cognition in vascular dementia patients. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012;62(1):55-8. PubMed
  12. Yang G, Wang Y, Tian J, Liu JP. Huperzine A for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One 2013;8(9):e74916. PubMed
  13. Xing SH, Zhu CX, Zhang R, An L. Huperzine a in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: a meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:363985. PubMed

See these in context on the Huperzine A monograph →

Deanol 15 references
  1. Davies C, Maidment S, Hanley P, et al. Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE). HSE. Risk assessment document; EH72/2;1997. (TOXLINE).
  2. Re O. 2-Dimethylaminoethanol (deanol): a brief review of its clinical efficacy and postulated mechanism of action. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1974;16:1238-42.
  3. Pieralisi G, Ripari P, Vecchiet L. Effects of a standardized ginseng extract combined with dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements on physical performance during exercise. Clin Ther 1991;13:373-82.
  4. George J, Pridmore S, Aldous D. Double blind controlled trial of deanol in tardive dyskinesia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1981;15:68-71. PubMed
  5. Penovich P, Morgan JP, Kerzner B, et al. Double-blind evaluation of deanol in tardive dyskinesia. JAMA 1978;239:1997-8. DOI
  6. de Montigny C, Chouinard G, Annable L. Ineffectiveness of deanol in tardive dyskinesia: a placebo controlled study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1979;65:219-23. PubMed
  7. Lindeboom SF, Lakke JP. Deanol and physostigmine in the treatment of L-dopa-induced dyskinesias. Acta Neurol Scand 1978;58:134-8. PubMed
  8. Jus A, Villeneuve A, Gautier J, et al. Deanol, lithium and placebo in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. A double-blind crossover study. Neuropsychobiology 1978;4:140-9. PubMed
  9. Lewis JA, Young R. Deanol and methylphenidate in minimal brain dysfunction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975;17:534-40. PubMed
  10. Fisman M, Mersky H, Helmes E. Double-blind trial of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138:970-2. PubMed
  11. Ferris SH, Sathananthan G, Gershon S, et al. Senile dementia: treatment with deanol. J Am Geriatr Soc 1977;25:241-4. PubMed
  12. Haug BA, Holzgraefe M. Orofacial and respiratory tardive dyskinesia: potential side effects of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol)? Eur Neurol 1991;31:423-5. PubMed
  13. Casey DE. Mood alterations during deanol therapy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1979;62:187-91. PubMed
  14. Sergio W. Use of DMAE (2-dimethylaminoethanol) in the induction of lucid dreams. Med Hypotheses 1988;26:255-7. PubMed
  15. Osol A, Hoover JE, eds. Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, 15th ed. Easton, PA: Mack Publishing Company, 1975.

See these in context on the Deanol monograph →

Choline 14 references
  1. Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
  2. Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1224-31. PubMed
  3. Schmidt, C., Abicht, A., Krampfl, K., Voss, W., Stucka, R., Mildner, G., Petrova, S., Schara, U., Mortier, W., Bufler, J., Huebner, A., and Lochmuller, H. Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in the gene encoding choline acetyl
  4. Tamminga, C., Smith, R. C., Chang, S., Haraszti, J. S., and Davis, J. M. Depression associated with oral choline. Lancet 10-23-1976;2(7991):905. PubMed
  5. Wood, J. L. and Allison, R. G. Effects of consumption of choline and lecithin on neurological and cardiovascular systems. Fed.Proc. 1982;41(14):3015-3021.
  6. Growdon, J. H. and Gelenberg, A. J. Choline and lecithin administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. Trans.Am.Neurol.Assoc. 1978;103:95-99.
  7. Smith, C. M., Swash, M., Exton-Smith, A. N., Phillips, M. J., Overstall, P. W., Piper, M. E., and Bailey, M. R. Choline therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 8-5-1978;2(8084):318. PubMed
  8. Morrison, L. M. and W. F. Gonzales. Choline in coronary atherosclerosis. Amer.Heart J. 1950;39:729.
  9. Christie, J. G. Blackburn 1. M. Glen A. I. M. Zeisel S. Shering A. & Yates C. M. Effects of choline and lecithin on CSF choline levels and on cognitive functioning in patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Nutrition and the brain 1979;5
  10. Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, et al. Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013;111(2):249-55. PubMed
  11. Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders has high feasibility and tolerability. Nutr Res. 2013;33(11):897-904. PubMed
  12. Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(5): 1113-25.
  13. Ross RG, Hunter SK, McCarthy L, et al. Perinatal choline effects on neonatal pathophysiology related to later schizophrenia risk. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(3):290-8. PubMed
  14. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Choline. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press; 1998:390-422.

See these in context on the Choline monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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