Liquid Hair Skin & Nails Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Liquid Hair Skin & Nails against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Liquid Hair Skin & Nails is a dietary supplement by Nature's Answer with 26 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for joint and bone health, skin, hair, and nail support, source of dietary protein.Based on those ingredients, 1,780 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Green Tea leaf extract, Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract, Fo-Ti root extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Liquid Hair Skin & Nails by Nature's Answer
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails by Nature's Answer — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Liquid Hair Skin & Nails by Nature's Answer
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This liquid supplement contains 25 ingredients, of which the active ones include gelatin (a structural protein), biotin (a B vitamin for nail and hair health), L-methionine (an amino acid), inositol (a carbohydrate compound), vitamin C, pantothenic acid (B5), choline, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, L-cysteine (an amino acid), vitamin A, coenzyme Q-10 (an antioxidant), and botanical extracts—watercress leaf, aloe vera gel, ginkgo biloba leaf, horsetail grass, chamomile flower, oat seed, fo-ti root, ginger root, nettle leaf, and green tea leaf. The remaining ingredients are inactive carriers: purified water, vegetable glycerin, fructose, mixed berry flavor, potassium sorbate, soy lecithin, stevia leaf extract, xanthan gum, agave nectar, trace minerals, and Quik-Sorb (an absorption aid).
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
The evidence for this product's effectiveness in supporting hair, skin, and nails comes from its individual ingredients. Biotin is likely effective for biotin deficiency and has insufficient evidence for alopecia areata.
Vitamin C is effective for vitamin C deficiency and possibly effective for anemia and several other conditions. Vitamin E is effective for E deficiency and the rare genetic condition AVED.
Zinc is effective for zinc deficiency and Wilson disease, and possibly effective for acne. Selenium is likely effective for selenium deficiency and possibly effective for autoimmune thyroiditis.
Pantothenic acid is effective for pantothenic acid deficiency. Gelatin, L-methionine, L-cysteine, inositol, choline, coenzyme Q-10, watercress, aloe, ginkgo, horsetail, chamomile, fo-ti, ginger, and nettle leaf extract all show insufficient evidence or no established ratings for hair, skin, or nail health in our data.
Oat seed extract is likely effective for cholesterol and heart health but carries insufficient evidence for hair and skin.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Most ingredients are generally well tolerated at typical doses. Gelatin, biotin, pantothenic acid, and choline are considered likely safe in pregnancy and lactation.
Vitamin C and vitamin E are likely safe in pregnancy at normal amounts but caution is advised against high-dose supplements. Zinc is likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe at high doses.
Vitamin A is possibly unsafe in pregnancy because high doses can cause birth defects; avoid high-dose supplements. L-methionine, L-cysteine, inositol, selenium, and ginger carry limited safety data in pregnancy—consult your doctor before use.
Aloe, watercress, horsetail, ginkgo, chamomile, fo-ti, and nettle leaf are not recommended in pregnancy due to insufficient data or specific concerns (aloe and fo-ti may trigger labor). For breastfeeding, vitamin C and ginger are likely safe; most others show insufficient data—discuss with your pharmacist.
Common side effects from individual ingredients include mild gastrointestinal upset (bloating, nausea, diarrhea) from some botanicals and vitamins, particularly at higher doses. Very high doses of vitamin C, zinc, or selenium can cause serious harm.
Fo-ti has been linked to rare cases of liver damage.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Major interactions require immediate attention: do not combine with nadolol, atorvastatin, or ephedrine without explicit approval from your doctor. Moderate interactions span a wide range—check with your pharmacist before taking this product if you use blood thinners (warfarin, other anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents), heart or blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, antibiotics (quinolones, tetracyclines, cephalexin), HIV drugs (protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors), cancer medications (chemotherapy drugs, tamoxifen), seizure medications, digoxin or other cardiac glycosides, lithium, or any drug metabolized by the liver's cytochrome P450 enzymes.
No interactions are documented in our data for MSM and bioflavonoids blend, as we do not hold interaction data for these ingredients.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product is a multi-ingredient formula aimed at supporting hair, skin, and nails through vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and botanical extracts. If you take any prescription medications—especially blood thinners, heart drugs, diabetes medications, antibiotics, HIV antiretrovirals, chemotherapy, or seizure drugs—check each of your medications against this product with your pharmacist before starting, because the interactions are numerous and some are serious.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should discuss this supplement with their doctor or pharmacist first, as several ingredients carry safety concerns in these periods. For generally healthy adults with no drug interactions, the product is usually well tolerated, though mild digestive side effects may occur.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 23 of 25 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 24, 2016.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Liquid Hair Skin & Nails, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Nature's Answer |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 083000261503 |
| Net contents | 8 fl. Oz.; 240 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Aug 24, 2016 |
| DSLD ID | 63271 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Liquid Hair Skin & Nails by Nature's Answer, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 30 Calorie(s) | -- |
| Total Carbohydrates | 7 Gram(s) | 2% |
| Gelatin | 200 mg | -- |
| Sugar | 1 Gram(s) | -- |
| Biotin | 300 mcg | 100% |
| L-Methionine | 25 mg | -- |
| Inositol | 50 mg | -- |
| Vitamin C | 250 mg | 417% |
| Pantothenic Acid | 100 mg | 1000% |
| Choline | 100 mg | -- |
| Vitamin E | 400 IU | 1333% |
| MSM | 300 mg | -- |
| Zinc | 15 mg | 100% |
| Selenium | 100 mcg | 143% |
| L-Cysteine | 100 mg | -- |
| Vitamin A | 1000 IU | 20% |
| Coenzyme Q-10 | 20 mg | -- |
| Watercress leaf extract | 100 mg | -- |
| Aloe vera (leaf) Phytogel extract | 100 mg | -- |
| Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract | 50 mg | -- |
| Horsetail grass extract | 25 mg | -- |
| Chamomile flower extract | 10 mg | -- |
| Oat seed extract | 6 mg | -- |
| Fo-Ti root extract | 100 mg | -- |
| Ginger root extract | 100 mg | -- |
| Bioflavonoids Blend | 50 mg | -- |
| Nettle leaf extract | 10 mg | -- |
| Green Tea leaf extract | 10 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: purified Water, Vegetable Glycerin, Fructose, mixed Berry, Potassium Sorbate, hydroxylated Soy Lecithin, Stevia leaf extract, Xanthan Gum, organic Agave Nectar, Trace Minerals, Quik-Sorb
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
General Statements
This comprehensive nutritional formula features key vitamins, minerals, herbs and antioxidants specially selected for their nourishing support.
Since 1972
Formula
Quik-Sorb is an exclusive blend of herbs known to enhance delivery of nutrients to the body.
With Biotin, Inositol & Choline Made with Quik-Sorb for fast absorption
Contains: Soy.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, take one (1) tablespoon (15 mL) daily with a meal or as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Shake well before use.
Storage
Refrigerate after opening.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Nature's Answer. High-quality natural products for vital, healthy lifestyles since 1972. cGMP certified facility. Unconditionally guaranteed.
Quik-Sorb is a registered trademark of Bio-Botanica Inc. 2015 Nature's Answer
Precautions
Warning: Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.
If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications, planning any medical procedure or have a medical condition, consult with your healthcare practitioner before use.
Contains: Soy.
General
27150 Rev 115
Formulation
Gluten free
Seals/Symbols
Gluten free
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Liquid Hair Skin & Nails by Nature's Answer label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Liquid Hair Skin & Nails by Nature's Answer
These are the 26 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Tbsp Dosage formLiquid Servings per container16 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Gelatin
No knowninteractions
Gelatin is a protein made from animal collagen, used as a food, a capsule ingredient, and a supplement for joint, skin, and bone health. For most heal...
Gelatin monograph & interactionsSugar
Biotin
No knowninteractions
Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get...
Biotin monograph & interactionsL-Methionine
No knowninteractions
Methionine is an essential amino acid that your body needs for protein building and many basic chemical reactions. Most people get enough from a norma...
L-Methionine monograph & interactionsInositol
Interacts with86 drugs
Inositol is a sugar alcohol made naturally in the body and found in many foods, and it is sold as a supplement (often myo-inositol) mainly for PCOS, m...
Inositol monograph & interactionsVitamin C
Interacts with207 drugs
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient your body needs but cannot make, so you must get it from food or supplements. It's important for im...
Vitamin C monograph & interactionsPantothenic Acid
No knowninteractions
Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nea...
Pantothenic Acid monograph & interactionsCholine
Interacts with16 drugs
Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like egg...
Choline monograph & interactionsVitamin E
Interacts with764 drugs
Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correc...
Vitamin E monograph & interactionsMSM
Zinc
Interacts with67 drugs
Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...
Zinc monograph & interactionsSelenium
Interacts with321 drugs
Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who...
Selenium monograph & interactionsL-Cysteine
Interacts with86 drugs
L-cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid your body uses to make proteins and the antioxidant glutathione. Most people get enough from food, and su...
L-Cysteine monograph & interactionsVitamin A
Interacts with387 drugs
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...
Vitamin A monograph & interactionsCoenzyme Q-10
Interacts with198 drugs
CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated...
Coenzyme Q-10 monograph & interactionsWatercress leaf extract
Interacts with6 drugs
Watercress is a nutrient-rich leafy green that provides vitamins A, C, and K plus minerals and antioxidant plant compounds. Eaten as a food it is gene...
Watercress leaf extract monograph & interactionsAloe vera (leaf) Phytogel extract
Interacts with461 drugs
Aloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help. Aloe latex (the yellow part) is a str...
Aloe vera (leaf) Phytogel extract monograph & interactionsGinkgo Biloba leaf extract
Interacts with1,266 drugs
Ginkgo is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements, mostly taken to support memory and circulation. The evidence for these uses is mixed and...
Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract monograph & interactionsHorsetail grass extract
Interacts with188 drugs
Horsetail is a traditional herb most often used as a mild diuretic and for hair, nail, and bone support, but high-quality human evidence is limited. I...
Horsetail grass extract monograph & interactionsChamomile flower extract
Interacts with960 drugs
German chamomile is a widely used herbal remedy taken mainly as a tea for calming, sleep, and digestive complaints. Early research suggests possible b...
Chamomile flower extract monograph & interactionsOat seed extract
Interacts with86 drugs
Oats are a well-studied whole grain whose soluble fiber (beta-glucan) can help lower cholesterol and support heart health when eaten regularly. As a f...
Oat seed extract monograph & interactionsFo-Ti root extract
Interacts with1,257 drugs
Fo-ti (He Shou Wu) is a root used in traditional Chinese medicine, often promoted for healthy aging and hair. High-quality human evidence for these be...
Fo-Ti root extract monograph & interactionsGinger root extract
Interacts with1,007 drugs
Ginger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nausea and vomi...
Ginger root extract monograph & interactionsBioflavonoids Blend
Nettle leaf extract
Interacts with164 drugs
Stinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence...
Nettle leaf extract monograph & interactionsGreen Tea leaf extract
Interacts with1,293 drugs
Green tea is a popular beverage rich in antioxidants called catechins, and drinking it in normal amounts is considered safe for most people. Concentra...
Green Tea leaf extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Purified Water, Vegetable Glycerin, Fructose, Mixed Berry, Potassium Sorbate, Hydroxylated Soy Lecithin, Stevia leaf extract, Xanthan Gum, Organic Agave Nectar, Trace Minerals, Quik-Sorb. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Liquid Hair Skin & Nails by Nature's Answer Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Liquid Hair Skin & Nails by Nature's Answer interacts with medications through its vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, inositol, L-cysteine, vitamin A, coenzyme Q-10, watercress leaf extract, aloe vera, ginkgo biloba, horsetail grass, chamomile flower, oat seed, fo-ti root, ginger root, nettle leaf, and green tea leaf extract content.
The most serious interaction is a Major-severity risk: green tea may reduce nadolol levels by up to 85%, making the beta-blocker much less effective at controlling blood pressure and heart rate.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Vitamin C carries Moderate interactions with estrogens (potentially increasing hormone levels), chemotherapy drugs that rely on free radicals to work, warfarin (blood thinner), and several other medications. Vitamin E also presents Moderate risks with blood thinners, warfarin, and chemotherapy agents.
Zinc can reduce absorption of multiple antibiotic classes, HIV drugs, and the cancer medication cisplatin. Green tea adds three more Major-severity concerns alongside nadolol: it may reduce atorvastatin (a statin) levels by about 24% and theoretically poses a serious stimulant risk when combined with ephedrine.
Additional Moderate interactions span antidiabetes drugs (inositol, L-cysteine, horsetail, oat seed, nettle leaf, ginger), blood thinners and warfarin (vitamin E, selenium, watercress, aloe, ginkgo, chamomile, fo-ti, ginger, nettle), HIV protease inhibitors and integrase inhibitors (zinc), and various cytochrome P450 enzyme substrates affected by vitamin E, ginkgo, chamomile, fo-ti, or green tea. Ginkgo carries a separate Major interaction with talinolol (a beta-blocker).
Altogether, these interactions span 1,781 individual medications.
Aloe vera and fo-ti pose Major risks with digoxin (a heart medication): aloe's potassium loss can worsen digoxin toxicity, and fo-ti's laxative effects can do the same. Chamomile theoretically inhibits three key liver enzymes that process many drugs.
A full medication check is essential before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Liquid Hair Skin & Nails?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Liquid Hair Skin & Nails interact with 1,780 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
19 of the 26 ingredients in Liquid Hair Skin & Nails interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Green Tea leaf extract Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract Fo-Ti root extract Ginger root extract Chamomile flower extract Vitamin E Aloe vera (leaf) Phytogel extract Vitamin A Selenium Vitamin C Coenzyme Q-10 Horsetail grass extract Nettle leaf extract Inositol L-Cysteine Oat seed extract Zinc Choline Watercress leaf extract
AcitretinSoriatane
How Acitretin interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Acitretin interactionAlitretinoinPanretin
How Alitretinoin interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Alitretinoin interactionAminophylline, Amobarbital, EphedrineAmesec
How Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Ephedrine Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionSeleniumBarbiturates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Read the full Selenium + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractAnticonvulsants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsants.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionAtorvastatinAtorvaliq
How Atorvastatin interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Atorvastatin (lipitor) +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Atorvastatin interactionGinger Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Atorvastatin interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Atorvastatin interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Atorvastatin interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractAtorvastatin (lipitor), Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of atorvastatin.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Atorvastatin interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Atorvastatin interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Atorvastatin interactionAtorvastatin CalciumLipitor
How Atorvastatin Calcium interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Organic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Atorvastatin (lipitor) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionGinger Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Atorvastatin Calcium interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs, Nadolol (corgard) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using green tea with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionHorsetail Grass ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking horsetail with diuretic drugs might increase potassium loss and the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Horsetail Grass Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionAloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Aloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionNettle Leaf ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle Leaf Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionFo-ti Root ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionCoenzyme Q-10Antihypertensive Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Coenzyme Q-10 + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBexaroteneTargretin
How Bexarotene interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Bexarotene interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Bexarotene interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Bexarotene interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Bexarotene interactionGinger Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Bexarotene interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Bexarotene interactionGreen Tea Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Bexarotene interactionCarbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine TannateQuadratuss, Ry Tuss, Rynatuss, Tri Tannate Plus
How Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractEphedrine, Stimulant Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionGinger Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionDigoxinDigitek, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin
How Digoxin interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Aloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel ExtractDigoxin (lanoxin) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with cardiac glycosides.
Read the full Aloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel Extract + Digoxin interactionGreen Tea Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Digoxin interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase the levels and adverse effects of these substrates.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Digoxin interactionGinger Root ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Digoxin interactionFo-ti Root ExtractDigoxin (lanoxin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of hypokalemia and cardiotoxicity when taken with digoxin.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Digoxin interactionDyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, PhenobarbitalLufyllin-EPG
How Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Phenobarbital (luminal) +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interactionSeleniumBarbiturates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Read the full Selenium + Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interactionEphedrine, Guaifenesin (otc Drug)Ephedrine Formula 400, Ephedrine Plus Tabs
How Ephedrine, Guaifenesin (otc Drug) interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Ephedrine Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin (otc Drug) interactionEphedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, TheophyllineMudrane GG
How Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractPhenobarbital (luminal), Ephedrine +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionSeleniumBarbiturates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Read the full Selenium + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionGinger Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionAloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Hydroxyzine, TheophyllineAmi Rax, Marax
How Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Theophylline +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionAloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Aloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionGinger Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, TheophyllineMudrane, Quadrinal
How Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractPhenobarbital (luminal), Ephedrine +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interactionSeleniumBarbiturates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Read the full Selenium + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Phenobarbital, TheophyllineTedral
How Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractStimulant Drugs, Theophylline +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs, Anticonvulsants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionSeleniumBarbiturates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Read the full Selenium + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionEzetimibe, AtorvastatinLiptruzet
How Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp), Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the absorption of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Atorvastatin (lipitor) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin interactionGinger Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin interactionHalobetasol Propionate,tazaroteneDuobrii
How Halobetasol Propionate,tazarotene interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Halobetasol Propionate,tazarotene interactionIsotretinoinAbsorica, Accutane, Amnesteem, Claravis, Roaccutane, Sotret
How Isotretinoin interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Isotretinoin interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 2c8 (cyp2c8) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Isotretinoin interactionNadololCorgard, Nadolol
How Nadolol interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractNadolol (corgard) Major
Interaction Summary
Green tea seems to reduce the levels and clinical effects of nadolol.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Nadolol interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractSeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Nadolol interactionCoenzyme Q-10Antihypertensive Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Coenzyme Q-10 + Nadolol interactionTalinololTalinolol
How Talinolol interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractTalinolol Major
Interaction Summary
Taking ginkgo with talinolol seems to increase blood levels of talinolol.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Talinolol interactionCoenzyme Q-10Antihypertensive Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Coenzyme Q-10 + Talinolol interactionTazaroteneArazlo, Avage, Fabior, Tazorotene, Zorac
How Tazarotene interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Tazarotene interactionTretinoinAltreno, Renova, Retin-A, Vesanoid
How Tretinoin interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Tretinoin interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 2c8 (cyp2c8) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Tretinoin interactionTretinoin, Benzoyl PeroxideTwyneo
How Tretinoin, Benzoyl Peroxide interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Tretinoin, Benzoyl Peroxide interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 2c8 (cyp2c8) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Tretinoin, Benzoyl Peroxide interactionEtretinateTegison
How Etretinate interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin ARetinoids Major
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Read the full Vitamin A + Etretinate interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SeleniumImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Selenium + 6-mercaptopurine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + 6-mercaptopurine interactionGreen Tea Leaf ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionFo-ti Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 6 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionGinger Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionChamomile Flower ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionVitamin ECytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionFo-ti Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionGreen Tea Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Fo-ti Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionGreen Tea Leaf ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionHorsetail Grass ExtractNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nrtis) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of NRTIs.
Read the full Horsetail Grass Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Horsetail Grass ExtractNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nrtis) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of NRTIs.
Read the full Horsetail Grass Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionVitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
Read the full Vitamin A + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionFo-ti Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionGreen Tea Leaf ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbametapirXeglyze
How Abametapir interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Abametapir interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Liquid Hair Skin & Nails — through 7 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SeleniumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Selenium + Abciximab interactionGreen Tea Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract + Abciximab interactionFo-ti Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Fo-ti has been linked to cases of acute liver failure which can decrease clotting factor production and increase the effects of anticoagulants.
Read the full Fo-ti Root Extract + Abciximab interactionVitamin EAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Vitamin E + Abciximab interactionAloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Aloe Vera (leaf) Phytogel Extract + Abciximab interactionGinkgo Biloba Leaf ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginkgo has been shown to increase the risk of bleeding in some people when taken with warfarin.
Read the full Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract + Abciximab interactionGinger Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ginger Root Extract + Abciximab interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Liquid Hair Skin & Nails with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Green Tea leaf extract
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Green tea extract seems to reduce the levels and clinical effects of atorvastatin.
In healthy humans, taking green tea extract 300 mg or 600 mg along with atorvastatin reduces plasma levels of atorvastatin by approximately 24%. The elimination of atorvastatin is not affected. Atorvastatin is a substrate of organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Research shows that two of the major catechins found in green tea, epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), inhibit OATPs. Some OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds, which may have resulted in reduced plasma levels of atorvastatin. It is not clear if drinking green tea alters the absorption of atorvastatin.
Ephedrine
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects.
Green tea contains caffeine. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death.
Nadolol (Corgard)
Green tea seems to reduce the levels and clinical effects of nadolol.
Preliminary clinical research shows that green tea consumption reduces plasma concentrations of nadolol. Compared to a control group, both peak levels and total drug exposure (AUC) of nadolol were reduced by approximately 85% in subjects who drank green tea daily for two weeks. Drinking green tea with nadolol also significantly reduced nadolol's systolic blood pressure lowering effect. Other clinical research shows that a single dose of green tea can affect plasma nadolol levels for at least one hour. Green tea catechins have been shown to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), one of which, OATP1A2, is involved in the uptake of nadolol in the intestine The interaction is thought to be due primarily to the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) content of green tea.
5-Fluorouracil
Theoretically, high doses of green tea might increase the effects and side effects of 5-fluorouracil.
Animal research shows that taking green tea in amounts equivalent to about 6 cups daily in humans for 4 weeks prior to receiving a single injection of 5-fluorouracil increases the maximum plasma levels of 5-fluorouracil by about 2.5-fold and the area under the curve by 425%.
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Theoretically, green tea might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Green tea contains caffeine. Caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine at the cellular level. However, caffeine doesn't seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Conflicting reports exist regarding the effect of green tea on bleeding risk when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, most evidence suggests that drinking green tea in moderate amounts is unlikely to cause a significant interaction. Green tea contains small amounts of vitamin K, approximately 7 mcg per cup. Some case reports have associated the antagonism of warfarin with the vitamin K content of green tea. However, these reports are rare, and very large doses of green tea (about 8-16 cups daily) appear to be needed to cause these effects. Furthermore, the catechins and caffeine in green tea are reported to have antiplatelet activity.
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Green tea contains caffeine. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of caffeine might increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.
Bortezomib (Velcade)
Theoretically, green tea might interfere with the effects of bortezomib.
In vitro research shows that green tea polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), interact with bortezomib and block its proteasome inhibitory action. This prevents the induction of cell death in multiple myeloma or glioblastoma cancer cell lines. Advise patients taking bortezomib, not to take green tea.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Green tea contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that taking caffeine can lower the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and can induce seizures when taken in doses above 400 mg/kg. Human research has shown that taking caffeine 300 mg in three divided doses along with carbamazepine 200 mg reduces the bioavailability of carbamazepine by 32% and prolongs the plasma half-life of carbamazepine 2-fold in healthy individuals.
Celiprolol (Celicard)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the levels and clinical effects of celiprolol.
In a small human study, taking green tea daily for 4 days appears to decrease blood and urine levels of celiprolol by at least 98%. This interaction is possibly due to the inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Green tea catechins have been shown to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), one of which, OATP1A2, is found in the intestine The interaction is thought to be due primarily to the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) content of green tea.
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of caffeine in green tea.
Green tea contains caffeine. Cimetidine can reduce caffeine clearance by 31% to 42%.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Theoretically, green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of clozapine and acutely exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Animal research suggests that, although green tea extract does not affect the elimination of clozapine, it delays the time to reach peak concentration and reduces the peak plasma levels. Also, concomitant administration of green tea and clozapine might theoretically cause acute exacerbation of psychotic symptoms due to the caffeine in green tea. Caffeine can increase the effects and toxicity of clozapine. Caffeine doses of 400-1000 mg daily inhibit clozapine metabolism. Clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Researchers speculate that caffeine might inhibit CYP1A2. However, there is no reliable evidence that caffeine affects CYP1A2. There is also speculation that genetic factors might make some patients be more sensitive to the interaction between clozapine and caffeine.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of caffeine found in green tea.
Green tea contains caffeine. Oral contraceptives can decrease caffeine clearance by 40% to 65%.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Inhibitors
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Green tea contains caffeine. Caffeine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2),. Theoretically, drugs that inhibit CYP1A2 may decrease the clearance rate of caffeine from green tea and increase caffeine levels.
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Theoretically, green tea might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Green tea contains caffeine. Caffeine might inhibit dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Theoretically, disulfiram might increase the risk of adverse effects from caffeine.
In human research, disulfiram decreases the clearance and increases the half-life of caffeine.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, using green tea with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Green tea contains caffeine. In excessive amounts, caffeine can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.
Estrogens
Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Green tea contains caffeine. Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of ethosuximide and increase the risk for convulsions.
Green tea contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine 92.4 mg/kg can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Felbamate (Felbatol)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of felbamate and increase the risk for convulsions.
Green tea contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that a high dose of caffeine 161.7 mg/kg can decreases the anticonvulsant activity of felbamate. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Green tea can decrease blood levels of fexofenadine.
Clinical research shows that green tea can significantly decrease blood levels and excretion of fexofenadine. Taking green tea extract with a dose of fexofenadine decreased bioavailability of fexofenadine by about 30%. In vitro, green tea inhibits the cellular accumulation of fexofenadine by inhibiting the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) drug transporter. Research shows that two of the major catechins found in green tea, epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), inhibit OATPs, specifically OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP2B1. In addition, green tea has been shown to reduce the absorption of some drugs that are OATP substrates.
Flutamide (Eulexin)
Theoretically, green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of flutamide.
Green tea contains caffeine. In vitro evidence suggests that caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of flutamide. Theoretically, concomitant use of caffeine and flutamide might increase serum concentrations of flutamide and increase the risk adverse effects.
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Green tea contains caffeine. Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Green tea extract supplements have been linked to several cases of hepatotoxicity and might have additive hepatotoxic effects with other drugs..
Imatinib (Gleevec)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the levels and clinical effects of imatinib.
In animal research, a single dose of green tea extract reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of imatinib by up to approximately 64% and its main metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib by up to approximately 81%. This interaction has not been shown in humans. The mechanism of action is unclear but may involve multiple pathways.
Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract
Talinolol
Taking ginkgo with talinolol seems to increase blood levels of talinolol.
There is some evidence that using ginkgo leaf extract 120 mg orally three times daily for 14 days can increase levels of talinolol by 36% in healthy male individuals. However, single doses of ginkgo do not seem to affect talinolol pharmacokinetics.
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of alprazolam.
In clinical research, ginkgo extract (Ginkgold) 120 mg twice daily seems to decrease alprazolam levels by about 17%. However, ginkgo does not appear to decrease the elimination half-life of alprazolam. This suggests that ginkgo is more likely to decrease absorption of alprazolam rather than induce hepatic metabolism of alprazolam.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Ginkgo has been shown to increase the risk of bleeding in some people when taken with warfarin. Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Several pharmacodynamic studies suggest that ginkgo inhibits platelet aggregation. It is thought that the ginkgo constituent, ginkgolide B, displaces platelet-activating factor (PAF) from its binding sites, decreasing blood coagulation. Several case reports have documented serious bleeding events in patients taking ginkgo. However, population and clinical studies have produced mixed results. Some evidence shows that short-term use of ginkgo leaf does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation and blood clotting. A study in healthy males who took a specific ginkgo leaf extract (EGb 761) 160 mg twice daily for 7 days found no change in prothrombin time. An analysis of a large medical record database suggests that ginkgo increases the risk of a bleeding adverse event by 38% when taken concurrently with warfarin. It has been suggested that ginkgo has to be taken for at least 2-3 weeks to have a significant effect on platelet aggregation. However, a meta-analysis of 18 studies using standardized ginkgo extracts, 80-480 mg daily for up to 32 weeks, did not find a significant effect on platelet aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, or PT/aPTT. In addition, a single dose of ginkgo plus clopidogrel or ticlopidine does not seem to significantly increase bleeding time or platelet aggregation. Also, taking ginkgo leaf extract daily for 8 days in conjunction with rivaroxaban does not affect anti-factor Xa activity; however, this study did not evaluate bleeding time.
Anticonvulsants
Theoretically, ginkgo might reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsants.
Ginkgo seeds contain ginkgotoxin. Large amounts of ginkgotoxin can cause neurotoxicity and seizure. Ginkgotoxin is present in much larger amounts in ginkgo seeds than leaves. Ginkgo leaf extract contains trace amounts of ginkgotoxin. The amount of ginkgotoxin in ginkgo leaf and leaf extract seems unlikely to cause toxicity. However, there are anecdotal reports of seizure occurring after use of ginkgo leaf both in patients without a history of seizure disorder and in those with previously well-controlled epilepsy.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with antidiabetes drugs might alter the response to antidiabetes drugs.
Ginkgo leaf extract seems to alter insulin secretion and metabolism, and might affect blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The effect of ginkgo seems to differ depending on the insulin and treatment status of the patient. In diet-controlled diabetes patients with hyperinsulinemia, taking ginkgo does not seem to significantly affect insulin or blood glucose levels. In patients with hyperinsulinemia who are treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, taking ginkgo seems to decrease insulin levels and increase blood glucose following an oral glucose tolerance test. Researchers speculate that this could be due to ginkgo-enhanced hepatic metabolism of insulin. In patients with pancreatic exhaustion, taking ginkgo seems to stimulate pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in increased insulin and C-peptide levels, but with no significant change in blood glucose levels in response to an oral glucose tolerance test.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of atorvastatin.
In humans, intake of ginkgo extract appears to increase atorvastatin clearance, reducing the area under the curve of atorvastatin by 10% to 14% and the maximum concentration by 29%. However, this interaction does not appear to affect cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Further, a model in rats with hyperlipidemia suggests that administering ginkgo extract does not impact blood levels of atorvastatin and leads to lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with rats given atorvastatin alone.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Laboratory research suggests that ginkgo leaf extract can mildly inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes. However, clinical research suggests ginkgo might not affect CYP1A2. Until more is known, use ginkgo cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Some clinical research shows that a specific ginkgo leaf extract (Remembrance, Herbs Product LTD) 140 mg twice daily can induce CYP2C19 enzymes and potentially decrease levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. However, other clinical research shows that taking ginkgo 120 mg twice daily for 12 days has no effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro, a specific standardized extract of ginkgo leaf (EGb 761) inhibits CYP2C9 activity . The terpenoid (ginkgolides) and flavonoid (quercetin, kaempferol, etc.) constituents seem to be responsible for this effect. Most ginkgo extracts contain some amount of these constituents. Therefore, other ginkgo leaf extracts might also inhibit the CYP2C9 enzyme. However, clinical research suggests that ginkgo might not have a significant effect on CYP2C9 in humans. Ginkgo does not seem to significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of CYP2C9 substrates diclofenac or tolbutamide.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
There is conflicting evidence about whether ginkgo induces or inhibits CYP3A4. Ginkgo does not appear to affect hepatic CYP3A4. However, it is not known if ginkgo affects intestinal CYP3A4. Preliminary clinical research suggests that taking ginkgo does not significantly affect levels of donepezil, lopinavir, or ritonavir, which are all CYP3A4 substrates. Other clinical research also suggests ginkgo does not significantly affect CYP3A4 activity. However, there are two case reports of decreased efavirenz concentrations and increased viral load in patients taking ginkgo. It is suspected that terpenoids from the ginkgo extract reduced drug levels by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of efavirenz.
There are two case reports of decreased efavirenz concentrations and increased viral load in patients taking ginkgo. In one case, an HIV-positive male experienced over a 50% decrease in efavirenz levels over the course of 14 months while taking ginkgo extract. HIV-1 RNA copies also increased substantially, from less than 50 to more than 1500. It is suspected that terpenoids from the ginkgo extract reduced drug levels by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In another case report, a patient stable on antiviral therapy including efavirenz for 10 years, had an increase in viral load from <50 copies/mL to 1350 copies/mL after 2 months of taking a combination of supplements including ginkgo. After stopping ginkgo, the viral load was again controlled with the same antiviral therapy regimen.
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the risk of bleeding when used with ibuprofen.
Ginkgo might have antiplatelet effects and has been associated with several case reports of spontaneous bleeding. In one case, a 71-year-old male had taken a specific ginkgo extract (Gingium, Biocur) 40 mg twice daily for 2.5 years. About 4 weeks after starting ibuprofen 600 mg daily he experienced a fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the antiplatelet effects of ginkgo have been questioned. A meta-analysis and other studies have not found a significant antiplatelet effect with standardized ginkgo extracts, 80 mg to 480 mg taken daily for up to 32 weeks.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase the levels and adverse effects of these substrates.
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that using ginkgo leaf extract 120 mg orally three times daily for 14 days can increase levels of the P-glycoprotein substrate, talinolol, by 36% in healthy male individuals. However, single doses of ginkgo do not have the same effect.
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with risperidone might increase the levels and adverse effects of risperidone.
A single case of priapism has been reported for a 26-year-old male with schizophrenia who used risperidone 3 mg daily along with ginkgo extract 160 mg daily. Risperidone is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4. CYP3A4 activity might be affected by ginkgo. Theoretically, ginkgo may inhibit the metabolism of risperidone and increase the risk of adverse effects.
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of rosiglitazone.
Animal research shows that ginkgo leaf extract orally 100 or 200 mg/kg daily for 10 days alters the pharmacodynamics of rosiglitazone in a dose-dependent manner. The 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses reduce the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of rosiglitazone by 39% and 52%, respectively, and the half-life by 28% and 39%, respectively. It is hypothesized that these changes may be due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C8 by ginkgo.
Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Ginkgo seeds contain ginkgotoxin. Large amounts of ginkgotoxin can cause neurotoxicity and seizure. Ginkgotoxin is present in much larger amounts in ginkgo seeds than leaves. Ginkgo leaf extract contains trace amounts of ginkgotoxin. The amount of ginkgotoxin in ginkgo leaf and leaf extract seems unlikely to cause toxicity. However, there are anecdotal reports of seizure occurring after use of ginkgo leaf both in patients without a history of seizure disorder and in those with previously well-controlled epilepsy.
Simvastatin (Zocor)
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of simvastatin.
Clinical research shows that taking ginkgo extract can reduce the area under the curve and maximum concentration of simvastatin by 32% to 39%. However, ginkgo extract does not seem to affect the cholesterol-lowering ability of simvastatin.
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the levels and clinical effects of sofosbuvir.
Animal research in rats shows that giving a ginkgo extract 25 mg/kg orally daily for 14 days increases the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) after a single sofosbuvir dose of 40 mg/kg by 11%, increases the half-life by 60%, and increases the plasma concentration at 4 hours by 38%. This interaction appears to be related to the inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein by ginkgo.
Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the blood levels of tacrolimus.
In vitro evidence suggests that certain biflavonoids in ginkgo leaves (i.e. amentoflavone, ginkgetin, bilobetin) may inhibit the metabolism of tacrolimus by up to 50%. This interaction appears to be time-dependent and due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 by these bioflavonoids. In rats given tacrolimus 1 mg/kg orally, amentoflavone was shown to increase the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of tacrolimus by 3.8-fold.
Trazodone (Desyrel)
Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the levels and clinical effects of trazodone.
In a case report, an Alzheimer patient taking trazodone 20 mg twice daily and ginkgo leaf extract 80 mg twice daily for four doses became comatose. The coma was reversed by administration of flumazenil (Romazicon). Coma might have been induced by excessive GABA-ergic activity. Ginkgo flavonoids are thought to have GABA-ergic activity and act directly on benzodiazepine receptors. Ginkgo might also increase metabolism of trazodone to active GABA-ergic metabolites, possibly by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Ginkgo has been shown to increase the risk of bleeding in some people when taken with warfarin.
Several pharmacodynamic studies suggest that ginkgo inhibits platelet aggregation. It is thought that the ginkgo constituent, ginkgolide B, displaces platelet-activating factor (PAF) from its binding sites, decreasing blood coagulation. Several case reports have documented serious bleeding events in patients taking ginkgo. Information from a medical database suggests that when taken concurrently with warfarin, ginkgo increases the risk of a bleeding adverse event by 38%. There is also some evidence that ginkgo leaf extract can inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9, an enzyme that metabolizes warfarin. This could result in increased warfarin levels. However, population and clinical research has produced mixed results. Clinical research in healthy people suggests that ginkgo has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. A meta-analysis of 18 studies using standardized ginkgo extracts, 80 mg to 480 mg daily for up to 32 weeks, did not find a significant effect on platelet aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, or PT/aPTT. There is also some preliminary clinical research that suggests ginkgo might not significantly increase the effects of warfarin in patients that have a stable INR.
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with oral, but not intravenous, nifedipine might increase levels and adverse effects of nifedipine.
Animal research and some clinical evidence suggests that taking ginkgo leaf extract orally in combination with oral nifedipine might increase nifedipine levels and cause increased side effects, such as headaches, dizziness, and hot flushes. However, taking ginkgo orally does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of intravenous nifedipine.
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Theoretically, taking ginkgo with omeprazole might decrease the levels and clinical effects of omeprazole.
Clinical research shows that a specific ginkgo leaf extract (Remembrance, Herbs Product LTD) 140 mg twice daily can induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 enzymes and decrease levels of omeprazole by about 27% to 42%.
Fo-Ti root extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Fo-ti has been linked to cases of acute liver failure which can decrease clotting factor production and increase the effects of anticoagulants. In one case, a patient who had been stable on warfarin presented with acute hepatitis and an INR elevated to 14.98. The patient had been taking fo-ti for 90 days prior to admission. Discontinuation of warfarin and fo-ti lead to a decrease in the INR and full recovery. Theoretically, concomitant use of fo-ti with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding in some patients. Until more is known, monitor patients taking fo-ti and drugs that affect bleeding.
Some of these drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), dipyridamole (Persantine), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Fo-ti reportedly has hypoglycemic effects.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fo-ti might interfere with contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti extract has estrogenic activity.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP1A2. Additionally, in vitro research suggests that the degree of CYP1A2 inhibition depends on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, in an animal study, an aqueous extract of fo-ti inhibited CYP1A2 while an alcoholic extract of fo-ti induced CYP1A2. Induction or inhibition of CYP1A2 by fo-ti has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
Animal research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP2B6. One in vitro study suggests that the degree of CYP2B6 inhibition may depend on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Animal and in vitro research suggests that fo-ti may inhibit CYP2C19. An in vitro study suggests that the degree of CYP2C19 inhibition may depend on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP2C8. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Animal and in vitro research suggests that fo-ti may inhibit CYP2C9. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Animal research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP2D6. Additionally, an in vitro study suggests that the degree of CYP2D6 inhibition may depend on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP3A4. One in vitro study suggests that the degree of CYP3A4 inhibition may depend on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, this evidence conflicts with animal research suggesting that fo-ti does not inhibit CYP3A4. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of hypokalemia and cardiotoxicity when taken with digoxin.
Raw fo-ti root contains anthraquinone derivatives, which might have stimulant laxative effects. In vitro research shows that fermented and processed fo-ti root have reduced laxative effects compared with raw fo-ti root.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Raw fo-ti root contains anthraquinone derivatives, which might have stimulant laxative effects and compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. In vitro research shows that fermented and processed fo-ti root have reduced laxative effects compared with raw fo-ti root.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fo-ti might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti extract has estrogenic activity.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Fo-ti has been linked to liver damage in many reports.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of fluid and electrolyte depletion when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Raw fo-ti root contains anthraquinone derivatives, which might have stimulant laxative effects. However, in vitro research shows that fermented and processed fo-ti root have reduced laxative effects compared with raw fo-ti root.
Sulindac (Clinoril)
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of sulindac.
Animal research suggests that the type of fo-ti extract might affect the levels of sulindac differently; the raw plant may increase levels, but processed parts may decrease levels. Induction or inhibition of CYP1A2 by fo-ti has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the effects and adverse effects of warfarin.
Fo-ti may have stimulant laxative effects and cause diarrhea, especially when the raw or unprocessed fo-ti root is used. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Also, fo-ti has been linked to cases of acute liver failure which can decrease clotting factor production and increase the effects of warfarin. In one case, a patient who had been stable on warfarin presented with acute hepatitis and an INR elevated to 14.98. The patient had been taking fo-ti for 90 days prior to admission. Discontinuation of warfarin and fo-ti lead to a decrease in the INR and full recovery.
Ginger root extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, research is conflicting.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger inhibits thromboxane synthetase and decreases platelet aggregation. However, this has not been demonstrated unequivocally in humans, with mixed results from clinical trials. Theoretically, excessive amounts of ginger might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal and human research suggests that ginger might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research and some case reports suggest that ginger inhibits CYP3A4 activity. Three case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates (imatinib, dabrafenib, and crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Conversely, other in vitro research suggests that ginger induces CYP3A4 activity, leading to reduced levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of losartan and the risk of hypotension.
In animal research, ginger increased the levels and hypotensive effects of a single dose of losartan. It is not clear if ginger alters the concentration or effects of losartan when taken continuously. Additionally, this interaction has not been shown in humans.
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and increase the risk of bleeding if used with nifedipine.
Clinical research shows that combined treatment with ginger 1 gram plus nifedipine 10 mg significantly inhibits platelet aggregation when compared to nifedipine or ginger alone.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
In vitro research and case reports suggest that ginger inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, potentially increasing absorption and serum levels of P-gp substrates. Two case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are P-gp substrates (trametinib, crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar, Others)
Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with phenprocoumon.
Phenprocoumon, a warfarin-related anticoagulant, might increase the international normalized ratio (INR) when taken with ginger. There is one case report of a 76-year-old woman with a stable INR on phenprocoumon that increased to greater than 10 when she began consuming dried ginger and ginger tea.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger might inhibit thromboxane synthetase and decrease platelet aggregation. In one case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with phenprocoumon, which has similar pharmacological effects as warfarin. In another case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with a combination of warfarin, hydrochlorothiazide, and acetaminophen. A longitudinal analysis suggests that taking ginger increases the risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin for at least 4 months. However, research in healthy people suggests that ginger has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Until more is known, monitor INRs closely in patients taking large amounts of ginger.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, taking ginger with calcium channel blockers might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some animal and in vitro research suggests that ginger has hypotensive and calcium channel-blocking effects. Another animal study shows that concomitant administration of ginger and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine leads to greater reductions in blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, when taken prior to cyclosporine, ginger might decrease cyclosporine levels.
In an animal model, ginger juice taken 2 hours prior to cyclosporine administration reduced the maximum concentration and area under the curve of cyclosporine by 51% and 40%, respectively. This effect was not observed when ginger juice and cyclosporine were administered at the same time.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP1A2 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2B6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2B6 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2C9 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of metronidazole.
In an animal model, ginger increased the absorption and plasma half-life of metronidazole. In addition, the elimination rate and clearance of metronidazole was significantly reduced.
Chamomile flower extract
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
German chamomile has mild sedative effects. Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative properties can cause additive effects and side effects.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with contraceptive drugs through competition for estrogen receptors.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 in patients taking German chamomile.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 in patients taking German chamomile.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 in patients taking German chamomile.
Estrogens
Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with the activity of tamoxifen.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
German chamomile might increase the effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In one case, a 70-year-old female taking warfarin developed retroperitoneal hematoma and bilateral recti muscle bleeding along with an INR of 7.9 following ingestion of German chamomile tea 4-5 cups daily and use of a topical chamomile-based lotion applied 4-5 times daily.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro and animal research shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking German chamomile.
Vitamin E
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Vitamin E seems to inhibit of platelet aggregation and antagonize the effects of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. These effects appear to be dose-dependent, and are probably only likely to be clinically significant with doses of at least 800 units daily. Mixed tocopherols, such as those found in food, might have a greater antiplatelet effect than alpha-tocopherol. RRR alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 1000 IU daily antagonizes vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Advise patients to avoid high doses of vitamin E, especially in people with low vitamin K intake or other risk factors for bleeding.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs such as doxorubicin, which generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
A specific form of vitamin E might increase absorption and levels of cyclosporine.
There is some evidence that one specific formulation of vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl-polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, TPGS, tocophersolan, Liqui-E) might increase absorption of cyclosporine. This vitamin E formulation forms micelles which seems to increase absorption of cyclosporine by 40% to 72% in some patients. However, this interaction is unlikely to occur with the usual forms of vitamin E.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Vitamin E appears to bind with the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), which results in increased expression of CYP3A4. Although the clinical significance of this is not known, use caution when considering concomitant use of vitamin E and other drugs affected by these enzymes.
Selumetinib (Koselugo)
Taking selumetinib with vitamin E can result in a total daily dose of vitamin E that exceeds safe limits and therefore might increase the risk of bleeding.
Selumetinib contains 48-54 IU vitamin E per capsule. The increased risk of bleeding with vitamin E appears to be dose-dependent. Be cautious when using selumetinib in combination with supplemental vitamin E, especially in patients at higher risk of bleed, such as those with chronic conditions and those taking antiplatelet drugs.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Using vitamin E with warfarin might increase the risk of bleeding.
Due to interference with production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, use of more than 400 IU of vitamin E daily with warfarin might increase prothrombin time (PT), INR, and the risk of bleeding,. At a dose of 1000 IU per day, vitamin E can antagonize vitamin K-dependent clotting factors even in people not taking warfarin. Limited clinical evidence suggests that doses up to 1200 IU daily may be used safely by patients taking warfarin, but this may not be applicable in all patient populations.
Niacin
Vitamin E might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50%. Vitamin E alone combined with a statin does not seem to decrease HDL levels. It is not known whether the adverse effect on HDL is due to one of the other antioxidants or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
Aloe vera (leaf) Phytogel extract
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with cardiac glycosides.
Overuse of aloe latex can increase the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycoside drugs, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion. Overuse of aloe, along with cardiac glycoside drugs, can increase the risk of toxicity.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aloe gel can inhibit platelet aggregation. This inhibition was greater than that seen with celecoxib, but less than that seen with aspirin.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Aloe might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests aloe gel might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of aloe latex might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss, increasing the risk of hypokalemia.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Due to cathartic laxative effects of aloe latex, concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Aloe latex has stimulant laxative effects. In some people aloe latex can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of aloe vera.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that aloe extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Vitamin A
Retinoids
Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.
Selenium
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research suggests that taking selenium 10 mcg/kg/day can increase bleeding times by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity. Other clinical research suggests that taking selenium 75 mcg daily, in combination with ascorbic acid 600 mg, alpha-tocopherol 300 mg, and beta-carotene 27 mg, reduces platelet aggregation.
Barbiturates
Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Laboratory research suggests that selenium can inhibit the hepatic metabolism of barbiturates. Selenium seems to prolong the sedative effect of pentobarbital in animal models.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence suggests that selenium may stimulate the immune system.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, selenium might interfere with warfarin activity.
Animal research suggests that selenium can increase warfarin activity. Selenium might interact with warfarin by displacing it from albumin binding sites, reducing its metabolism in the liver, or by decreasing production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Selenium can also prolong bleeding times in humans by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity.
Contraceptive Drugs
Contraceptive drugs might increase levels of selenium, although the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Some research suggests that oral contraceptives increase serum selenium levels in women taking oral contraceptives; however, other research shows no change in selenium levels. It is suggested that an increase could be due to increased carrier proteins, indicating a redistribution of selenium rather than a change in total body selenium.
Niacin
Selenium might reduce the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50% in patients with coronary disease. It is not known whether this adverse effect is due to a single antioxidant such as selenium, or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
Vitamin C
Alkylating Agents
Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin C might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
The use of antioxidants like vitamin C during chemotherapy is controversial. There is concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. In contrast, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on chemotherapy.
Aluminum
Vitamin C can increase the amount of aluminum absorbed from aluminum compounds.
Research in animals and humans shows that vitamin C increases aluminum absorption, theoretically by chelating aluminum and keeping it in solution where it is available for absorption. In people with normal renal function, urinary excretion of aluminum will likely increase, making aluminum retention and toxicity unlikely. Patients with renal failure who take aluminum-containing compounds such as phosphate binders should avoid vitamin C supplements in doses above the recommended dietary allowances.
Antitumor Antibiotics
Theoretically, the antioxidant effects of vitamin C might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
The use of antioxidants like vitamin C during chemotherapy is controversial. There is concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as doxorubicin. In contrast, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that could interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effects, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin C have on chemotherapy.
Estrogens
Vitamin C might increase blood levels of estrogens.
Increases in plasma estrogen levels of up to 55% occur under some circumstances when vitamin C is taken concurrently with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, including topical products. It is suggested that vitamin C prevents oxidation of estrogen in the tissues, regenerates oxidized estrogen, and reduces sulfate conjugation of estrogen in the gut wall. When tissue levels of vitamin C are high, these processes are already maximized and supplemental vitamin C does not have any effect on estrogen levels. Increases in plasma estrogen levels may occur when patients who are deficient in vitamin C take supplements. Monitor these patients for estrogen-related side effects.
Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
Theoretically, vitamin C might decrease levels of fluphenazine.
In one patient there was a clinically significant decrease in fluphenazine levels when vitamin C (500 mg twice daily) was started. The mechanism is not known, and there is no further data to confirm this interaction.
Indinavir (Crixivan)
Vitamin C can modestly reduce indinavir levels.
One pharmacokinetic study shows that taking vitamin C 1 gram orally once daily along with indinavir 800 mg orally three times daily reduces the area under the concentration-time curve of indinavir by 14%. The mechanism of this interaction is unknown, but it is unlikely to be clinically significant in most patients. The effect of higher doses of vitamin C on indinavir levels is unknown.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)
Vitamin C can increase levothyroxine absorption.
Two clinical studies in adults with poorly controlled hypothyroidism show that swallowing levothyroxine with a glass of water containing vitamin C 500-1000 mg in solution reduces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and increases thyroxine (T4) levels when compared with taking levothyroxine alone. This suggests that vitamin C increases the oral absorption of levothyroxine, possibly due to a reduction in pH.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
High-dose vitamin C might reduce the levels and effectiveness of warfarin.
Vitamin C in high doses may cause diarrhea and possibly reduce warfarin absorption. There are reports of two people who took up to 16 grams daily of vitamin C and had a reduction in prothrombin time. Lower doses of 5-10 grams daily can also reduce warfarin absorption. In many cases, this does not seem to be clinically significant. However, a case of warfarin resistance has been reported for a patient who took vitamin C 500 mg twice daily. Cessation of vitamin C supplementation resulted in a rapid increase in international normalized ratio (INR). Tell patients taking warfarin to avoid taking vitamin C in excessively high doses (greater than 10 grams daily). Lower doses may be safe, but the anticoagulation activity of warfarin should be monitored. Patients who are stabilized on warfarin while taking vitamin C should avoid adjusting vitamin C dosage to prevent the possibility of warfarin resistance.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
High-dose vitamin C might slightly prolong the clearance of acetaminophen.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking high-dose vitamin C (3 grams) 1.5 hours after taking acetaminophen 1 gram slightly increases the apparent half-life of acetaminophen from around 2.3 hours to 3.1 hours. Ascorbic acid competitively inhibits sulfate conjugation of acetaminophen. However, to compensate, elimination of acetaminophen glucuronide and unconjugated acetaminophen increases. This effect is not likely to be clinically significant.
Aspirin
Acidification of the urine by vitamin C might increase aspirin levels.
It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C could increase reabsorption of salicylates by the renal tubules, and increase plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams daily of vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion, suggesting this interaction is not clinically significant.
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)
Acidification of the urine by vitamin C might increase choline magnesium trisalicylate levels.
It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C could increase reabsorption of salicylates by the renal tubules, and increase plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams daily of vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion, suggesting this interaction probably is not clinically significant.
Niacin
Vitamin C might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50% in patients with coronary disease. It is not known whether this adverse effect is due to a single antioxidant such as vitamin C, or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.
Salsalate (Disalcid)
Acidification of the urine by vitamin C might increase salsalate levels.
It has been suggested that acidification of the urine by vitamin C could increase reabsorption of salicylates by the renal tubules, and increase plasma salicylate levels. However, short-term use of up to 6 grams/day vitamin C does not seem to affect urinary pH or salicylate excretion, suggesting this interaction probably is not clinically significant.
Coenzyme Q-10
Alkylating Agents
Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals.
Theoretically, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 might protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents that work by inducing oxidative stress, such as alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) and radiation therapy. The clinical importance of this interaction is unknown.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Coenzyme Q10 is chemically similar to menaquinone and might have vitamin K-like procoagulant effects, which could decrease the effects of warfarin.
Concomitant use of coenzyme Q10 and warfarin might reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Four cases of decreased warfarin efficacy thought to be due to coenzyme Q10 have been reported. However, there is some preliminary clinical research that suggests coenzyme Q10 might not significantly decrease the effects of warfarin in patients who have a stable INR.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research shows that coenzyme Q10 can significantly lower blood pressure, although other studies have shown conflicting results.
Horsetail grass extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking horsetail with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Equisetum myriochaetum has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity in clinical research. In an animal diabetic model, Equisetum giganteum had hypoglycemic effects. It is unclear whether other horsetail species have hypoglycemic effects.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, taking horsetail with diuretic drugs might increase potassium loss and the risk of hypokalemia.
Laboratory research shows that various species of horsetail have diuretic properties. Due to its diuretic effects, there has been concern that taking horsetail along with potassium-depleting diuretics might increase the risk for hypokalemia. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that taking horsetail 900 mg daily for 4 days does not affect urinary excretion of electrolytes, including potassium and sodium, despite having a diuretic effect similar to taking hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily. It is unclear if taking horsetail for a longer duration would affect electrolyte levels. Until more is known, use with caution.
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of efavirenz.
In two case reports, patients were found to have detectable viral loads when taking horsetail-containing supplements along with an antiretroviral regimen that included efavirenz. In one case, the antiretroviral regimen included zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz; in the other case, the regimen consisted of emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz. One month after discontinuing horsetail, the viral loads became undetectable in both cases. The exact mechanism of this interaction is unknown. It is also unclear if this interaction is specific to efavirenz or if it is related to various components of antiretroviral therapy.
Lithium
Theoretically, horsetail might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research suggests that horsetail has diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, horsetail might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (Nrtis)
Theoretically, horsetail might decrease the levels and clinical effects of NRTIs.
In two case reports, patients were found to have detectable viral loads when taking horsetail-containing supplements along with an antiretroviral therapy. In one case, the antiretroviral regimen included zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz; in the other case, the regimen consisted of emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz. One month after discontinuing the supplement, the viral loads became undetectable in both cases. The exact mechanism of these interactions is unknown. It is also unclear if these interactions are specific to NRTIs or if they are related to various components of antiretroviral therapy.
Nettle leaf extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that stinging nettle might decrease blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that the above ground parts and roots of stinging nettle may have a diuretic effect.
Lithium
Theoretically, stinging nettle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that stinging nettle has diuretic and natriuretic properties, which could alter the excretion of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
There is some concern that stinging nettle might decrease the effects of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin.
Stinging nettle contains a significant amount of vitamin K. When taken in large quantities, this might interfere with the activity of warfarin.
Inositol
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking inositol with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that inositol lowers blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes.
L-Cysteine
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking L-cysteine supplements with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that L-cysteine can have hypoglycemic effects.
Oat seed extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, oats may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Consuming oats can decrease blood glucose in patients with diabetes. In those who require insulin, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control.
Insulin
Concomitant use of oats and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
In patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control.
Zinc
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.
Integrase Inhibitors
Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.
Amiloride (Midamor)
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.
Atazanavir (Reyataz)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.
Choline
Atropine
Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Animal research shows that administering choline one hour before administering atropine can attenuate atropine-induced decreases in brain levels of acetylcholine. Theoretically, concomitant use of choline and atropine may decrease the effects of atropine.
Watercress leaf extract
Chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte, Paraflex)
Watercress might reduce the metabolism of chlorzoxazone and increase its effects and side effects. Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single ingestion of watercress 50 grams increases the chlorzoxazone plasma concentration-time curve by about 56% and increases its half-life by about 53%.
Lithium
Watercress is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, watercress might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Watercress contains vitamin K. Consuming large amounts of watercress might antagonize the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Liquid Hair Skin & Nails, from the product label.
Nature's Answer
See all Nature's Answer products- Name
- Nature's Answer
- City
- Hauppauge
- State
- NY
- ZipCode
- 11788
- Phone Number
- (800) 439-2324
- Web Address
- www.naturesanswer.com
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The Full Monographs Behind Liquid Hair Skin & Nails’s Ingredients
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Gelatin
Gelatin is a protein made from animal collagen, used as a food, a capsule ingredient, and a supplement for joint, skin, and bone health. For most health uses, the evidence is limited or mixe...
Read the full Gelatin monograph → Herb & supplement monographBiotin
Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get plenty from a normal diet, and true defi...
Read the full Biotin monograph → Herb & supplement monographMethionine
Methionine is an essential amino acid that your body needs for protein building and many basic chemical reactions. Most people get enough from a normal diet, and supplements are generally no...
Read the full Methionine monograph → Herb & supplement monographInositol
Interacts with 86 drugsInositol is a sugar alcohol made naturally in the body and found in many foods, and it is sold as a supplement (often myo-inositol) mainly for PCOS, mood, and metabolic concerns. The stronge...
Read the full Inositol monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin C
Interacts with 207 drugsVitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient your body needs but cannot make, so you must get it from food or supplements. It's important for immune function, collagen, and acts as an...
Read the full Vitamin C monograph → Herb & supplement monographPantothenic Acid
Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nearly all foods, and most people meet thei...
Read the full Pantothenic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographCholine
Interacts with 16 drugsCholine is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...
Read the full Choline monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin E
Interacts with 764 drugsVitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correct a true deficiency, but high-dose vitam...
Read the full Vitamin E monograph → Herb & supplement monographZinc
Interacts with 67 drugsZinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...
Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monographSelenium
Interacts with 321 drugsSelenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who eat a varied diet get enough, and supple...
Read the full Selenium monograph → Herb & supplement monographL-cysteine
Interacts with 86 drugsL-cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid your body uses to make proteins and the antioxidant glutathione. Most people get enough from food, and supplements are usually well tolerated, bu...
Read the full L-cysteine monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin A
Interacts with 387 drugsVitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...
Read the full Vitamin A monograph → Herb & supplement monographCoenzyme Q10
Interacts with 198 drugsCoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for heart condition...
Read the full Coenzyme Q10 monograph → Herb & supplement monographWatercress
Interacts with 6 drugsWatercress is a nutrient-rich leafy green that provides vitamins A, C, and K plus minerals and antioxidant plant compounds. Eaten as a food it is generally safe and healthy for most people,...
Read the full Watercress monograph → Herb & supplement monographAloe
Interacts with 461 drugsAloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help. Aloe latex (the yellow part) is a strong laxative that can cause cramping and...
Read the full Aloe monograph → Herb & supplement monographGinkgo
Interacts with 1,266 drugsGinkgo is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements, mostly taken to support memory and circulation. The evidence for these uses is mixed and generally weak, and it is not proven to...
Read the full Ginkgo monograph → Herb & supplement monographHorsetail
Interacts with 188 drugsHorsetail is a traditional herb most often used as a mild diuretic and for hair, nail, and bone support, but high-quality human evidence is limited. It can cause thiamine (vitamin B1) loss w...
Read the full Horsetail monograph → Herb & supplement monographGerman Chamomile
Interacts with 960 drugsGerman chamomile is a widely used herbal remedy taken mainly as a tea for calming, sleep, and digestive complaints. Early research suggests possible benefits for mild anxiety and some skin o...
Read the full German Chamomile monograph → Herb & supplement monographOats
Interacts with 86 drugsOats are a well-studied whole grain whose soluble fiber (beta-glucan) can help lower cholesterol and support heart health when eaten regularly. As a food, oats are safe for most people, and...
Read the full Oats monograph → Herb & supplement monographFo-ti
Interacts with 1,257 drugsFo-ti (He Shou Wu) is a root used in traditional Chinese medicine, often promoted for healthy aging and hair. High-quality human evidence for these benefits is limited, and processed Fo-ti h...
Read the full Fo-ti monograph → Herb & supplement monographGinger
Interacts with 1,007 drugsGinger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nausea and vomiting, including from motion sickness, pr...
Read the full Ginger monograph → Herb & supplement monographStinging Nettle
Interacts with 164 drugsStinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence is mixed and mostly preliminary, so it i...
Read the full Stinging Nettle monograph → Herb & supplement monographGreen Tea
Interacts with 1,293 drugsGreen tea is a popular beverage rich in antioxidants called catechins, and drinking it in normal amounts is considered safe for most people. Concentrated green tea extracts are a different s...
Read the full Green Tea monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Liquid Hair Skin & Nails's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 926 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Gelatin 11 references
- Lewis CJ. Letter to reiterate certain public health and safety concerns to firms manufacturing or importing dietary supplements that contain specific bovine tissues. FDA. Available at: www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dspltr05.html.
- Schwick HG, Heide K. Immunochemistry and immunology of collagen and gelatin. Bibl Haematol 1969;33:111-25. PubMed
- Moskowitz RW. Role of collagen hydrolysate in bone and joint disease.Semin Arthritis Rheum 2000;30:87-99. PubMed
- Kelso JM. The gelatin story. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:200-2.
- Nakayama T, Aizawa C, Kuno-Sakai H. A clinical analysis of gelatin allergy and determination of its causal relationship to the previous administration of gelatin-containing acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. J Allerg PubMed
- Sakaguchi M, Inouye S. Anaphylaxis to gelatin-containing rectal suppositories. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108:1033-4. PubMed
- PDR Electronic Library. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 2001.
- de la Fuente Tornero E, Vega Castro A, de Sierra Hernández PÁ, et al. Kounis syndrome during anesthesia: Presentation of indolent systemic mastocytosis: A case report. A Case Rep. 2017;8(9):226-228. PubMed
- Ventura Spagnolo E, Calapai G, Minciullo PL, Mannucci C, Asmundo A, Gangemi S. Lethal anaphylactic reaction to intravenous gelatin in the course of surgery. Am J Ther. 2016;23(6):e1344-e1346. PubMed
- Li Y, He H, Yang L, Li X, Li D, Luo S. Therapeutic effect of Colla corii asini on improving anemia and hemoglobin compositions in pregnant women with thalassemia. Int J Hematol. 2016;104(5):559-565. PubMed
- Coury JR, Skaggs KF, Marciano GF, et al. Intraoperative Anaphylaxis to the Bovine Flowable Gelatin Matrix: A Report of 2 Cases. JBJS Case Connect 2022;12(1). PubMed
Biotin 4 references
- Debourdeau PM, Djezzar S, Estival JL, et al. Life-threatening eosinophilic pleuropericardial effusion related to vitamins B5 and H. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:424-6. DOI
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Mock DM, Quirk JG, Mock NI. Marginal biotin deficiency during normal pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:295-9. PubMed
- Sedel F, Papeix C, Bellanger A, Touitou V, Lebrun-Frenay C, Galanaud D, et al. High doses of biotin in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2015;4(2):159-69. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.01.005. PubMed
Methionine 12 references
- La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franceschi S, Decarli A. Case-control study on influence of methionine, nitrite, and salt on gastric carcinogenesis in northern Italy. Nutr Cancer 1997;27:65-8. PubMed
- Btaiche IF, Khalidi N. Parenteral nutrition-associated liver complications in children. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:188-211.. PubMed
- Cottington EM, LaMantia C, Stabler SP, et al. Adverse event associated with methionine loading test: a case report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:1046-50.. PubMed
- Anon. Should methionine be added to paracetamol formulations? Drug Ther Perspect 1997;10:11-3. DOI
- Smulders, Y. M., Rakic, M., Slaats, E. H., Treskes, M., Sijbrands, E. J., Odekerken, D. A., Stehouwer, C. D., and Silberbusch, J. Fasting and post-methionine homocysteine levels in NIDDM. Determinants and correlations with retinopathy, albuminuria, and c
- McAuley, D. F., Hanratty, C. G., McGurk, C., Nugent, A. G., and Johnston, G. D. Effect of methionine supplementation on endothelial function, plasma homocysteine, and lipid peroxidation. J.Toxicol.Clin.Toxicol. 1999;37(4):435-440. PubMed
- Hanratty, C. G., McGrath, L. T., McAuley, D. F., Young, I. S., and Johnston, G. D. The effects of oral methionine and homocysteine on endothelial function. Heart 2001;85(3):326-330. PubMed
- Ward, M., McNulty, H., McPartlin, J., Strain, J. J., Weir, D. G., and Scott, J. M. Effect of supplemental methionine on plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy men: a preliminary study. Int.J.Vitam.Nutr.Res. 2001;71(1):82-86. PubMed
- Yaghmai, R., Kashani, A. H., Geraghty, M. T., Okoh, J., Pomper, M., Tangerman, A., Wagner, C., Stabler, S. P., Allen, R. H., Mudd, S. H., and Braverman, N. Progressive cerebral edema associated with high methionine levels and betaine therapy in a patient
- Talukdar R, Murthy HV, Reddy DN. Role of methionine containing antioxidant combination in the management of pain in chronic pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pancreatology 2015;15(2):136-44. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17226 DOI
- Khairan P, Sobue T, Eshak ES, et al. Association of B Vitamins and Methionine Intake with the Risk of Gastric Cancer: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022;15(2):101-110. PubMed
Inositol 14 references
- Palatnik A, Frolov K, Fux M, Benjamin J. Double-blind, controlled, crossover trial of inositol versus fluvoxamine for the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;21:335-9.. PubMed
- Allan SJ, Kavanagh GM, Herd RM, Savin JA. The effect of inositol supplements on the psoriasis of patients taking lithium: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:966-9. PubMed
- Machado-Vieira R, Viale CI, Kapczinski F. Mania associated with an energy drink: the possible role of caffeine, taurine, and inositol. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:454-5. PubMed
- Kamenov Z, Kolarov G, Gateva A, Carlomagno G, Genazzani AD. Ovulation induction with myo-inositol alone and in combination with clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients with insulin resistance. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015;31(2):131-5. PubMed
- Matarrelli B, Vitacolonna E, D'Angelo M, et al. Effect of dietary myo-inositol supplementation in pregnancy on the incidence of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;26(1 PubMed
- Mukai T, Kishi T, Matsuda Y, Iwata N. A meta-analysis of inositol for depression and anxiety disorders. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014;29(1):55-63. PubMed
- Farren M, Daly N, McKeating A, Kinsley B, Turner MJ, Daly S. The Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Antenatal Oral Inositol Supplementation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(6):759-63. PubMed
- Zheng X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, et al. Relationship Between Myo-Inositol Supplementary and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(42):e1604. PubMed
- Crawford TJ, Crowther CA, Alsweiler J, Brown J. Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(12):CD011507. PubMed
- Maurizi AR, Menduni M, Del Toro R, et al. A pilot study of D-chiro-inositol plus folic acid in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 2017;54(4):361-65. PubMed
- Leppink EW, Redden SA, Grant JE. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of inositol in trichotillomania. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;32(2):107-14. PubMed
- Lam S, Mandrekar SJ, Gesthalter Y. A Randomized Phase IIb Trial of myo-Inositol in Smokers with Bronchial Dysplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2016;9(12):906-14.
- Wozniak J, Faraone SV, Chan J, et al. A randomized clinical trial of high eicosapentaenoic acid omega-3 fatty acids and inositol as monotherapy and in combination in the treatment of pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. PubMed
- Vitale SG, Corrado F, Caruso S, et al. Myo-inositol supplementation to prevent gestational diabetes in overweight non-obese women: bioelectrical impedance analysis, metabolic aspects, obstetric and neonatal outcomes - a randomized and open-label, placebo-
Vitamin C 51 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, MacIver M, et al. Interaction of ethinyloestradiol with ascorbic acid in man. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981;282:1516.
- Morris JC, Beeley L, Ballantine N. Interaction of ethinyloestradiol with ascorbic acid in man [letter]. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981;283:503.
- Labriola D, Livingston R. Possible interactions between dietary antioxidants and chemotherapy. Oncology 1999;13:1003-8.
- Dwyer JH, Merz NB, Shirocre AM, et al. Progression of early atherosclerosis and intake of vitamin C and vitamin E from supplements and food. The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. 41st Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevent
- Levine M, Rumsey SC, Daruwala R, et al. Criteria and recommendations for vitamin C intake. JAMA 1999;281:1415-23. PubMed
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Segal S, Kaminski S. Drug-nutrient interactions. American Druggist 1996 Jul;42-8.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
- Houston JB, Levy G. Drug biotransformation interactions in man VI: Acetaminophen and ascorbic acid. J Pharm Sci 1976;65:1218-21. PubMed
- Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
- Rosenthal G. Interaction of ascorbic acid and warfarin. JAMA 1971;215:1671. DOI
- Hume R, Johnstone JM, Weyers E. Interaction of ascorbic acid and warfarin. JAMA 1972;219:1479. DOI
- Smith EC, Skalski RJ, Johnson GC, Rossi GV. Interaction of ascorbic acid and warfarin. JAMA 1972;221:1166. DOI
- Traxer O, Huet B, Poindexter J, et al. Effect of ascorbic acid consumption on urinary stone risk factors. J Urol 2003;170:397-401.. PubMed
- Domingo JL, Gomez M, Llobet JM, Richart C. Effect of ascorbic acid on gastrointestinal aluminum absorption (letter). Lancet 1991;338:1467.
- Domingo JL, Gomez M, Llobet JM, Corbella J. Influence of some dietary constituents on aluminum absorption and retention in rats. Kidney Int 1991;39:598-601. PubMed
- Partridge NA, Regnier FE, White JL, Hem SL. Influence of dietary constituents on intestinal absorption of aluminum. Kidney Int 1989;35:1413-7. PubMed
- Mc Leod DC, Nahata MC. Inefficacy of ascorbic acid as a urinary acidifier (letter). N Engl J Med 1977;296:1413. DOI
- Hansten PD, Hayton WL. Effect of antacid and ascorbic acid on serum salicylate concentration. J Clin Pharmacol 1980;20:326-31. PubMed
- Dysken MW, Cumming RJ, Channon RA, Davis JM. Drug interaction between ascorbic acid and fluphenazine. JAMA 1979;241:2008. DOI
- Vihtamaki T, Parantainen J, Koivisto AM, et al. Oral ascorbic acid increases plasma oestradiol during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 2002;42:129-35. PubMed
- Slain D, Amsden JR, Khakoo RA, et al. Effect of high-dose vitamin C on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of the protease inhibitor indinavir in healthy volunteers. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25:165-70. PubMed
- Cheung MC, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Antioxidant supplements block the response of HDL to simvastatin-niacin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1320-6. PubMed
- Feetam CL, Leach RH, Meynell MJ. Lack of a clinically important interaction between warfarin and ascorbic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1975;31:544-7. PubMed
- Weintraub M, Griner PF. Warfarin and ascorbic acid: lack of evidence for a drug interaction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1974;28:53-6. PubMed
- Lee DH, Folsom AR, Harnack L, et al. Does supplemental vitamin C increase cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes? Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1194-200. PubMed
- Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Dietary factors and the risk of incident kidney stones in men: new insights after 14 years of follow-up. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:3225-32. PubMed
- Ward NC, Hodgson JM, Croft KD, et al. The combination of vitamin C and grape-seed polyphenols increases blood pressure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertens 2005;23:427-34.. PubMed
- Prasad KN. Rationale for using high-dose multiple dietary antioxidants as an adjunct to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. J Nutr 2004;134:3182S-3S. PubMed
- Conklin KA. Cancer chemotherapy and antioxidants. J Nutr 2004;134:3201S-3204S. PubMed
- Fairweather-Tait S, Hickson K, McGaw B, et al. Orange juice enhances aluminium absorption from antacid preparation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994;48(1):71-3.
- Gruenwald, J., Graubaum, H. J., Busch, R., and Bentley, C. Safety and tolerance of ester-C compared with regular ascorbic acid. Adv.Ther. 2006;23(1):171-178.
- Rahimi, R., Nikfar, S., Rezaie, A., and Abdollahi, M. A meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of combined vitamin C and E supplementation in preeclamptic women. Hypertens.Pregnancy. 2009;28(4):417-434. PubMed
- Einerson, B., Nathorn, C., Kitiyakara, C., Sirada, M., and Thamlikitkul, V. The efficacy of ascorbic acid in suboptimal responsive anemic hemodialysis patients receiving erythropoietin: a meta-analysis. J Med.Assoc.Thai. 2011;94 Suppl 1:S134-S146.
- Li, G., Li, L., Yu, C., and Chen, L. Effect of vitamins C and E supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication: a meta-analysis. Br.J Nutr 2011;106(11):1632-1637.
- Chen X, Shen L, Gu X, et al. High-dose supplementation with vitamin C--induced pediatric urolithiasis: the first case report in a child and literature review. Urology. 2014;84(4):922-4. PubMed
- Sattar A, Willman JE, Kolluri R. Possible warfarin resistance due to interaction with ascorbic acid: case report and literature review. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013;70(9):782-6. PubMed
- Yaich S, Chaabouni Y, Charfeddine K, et al. Secondary oxalosis due to excess vitamin C intake: a cause of graft loss in a renal transplant recipient. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2014;25(1):113-6. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Rumbold A, Ota E, Nagata C, Shahrook S, Crowther CA. Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD004072. PubMed
- Seo MS, Kim JK, Shim JY. High-dose vitamin C promotes regression of multiple pulmonary metastases originating from hepatocellular carcinoma. Yonsei Med J. 2015;56(5):1449-52. PubMed
- Skelin M, Lucijanic T, Amidzic Klaric D, et al. Factors Affecting Gastrointestinal Absorption of Levothyroxine: A Review. Clin Ther. 2017 Feb;39(2):378-403. PubMed
- Jiang K, Tang K, Liu H, Xu H, Ye Z, Chen Z. Ascorbic acid supplements and kidney stones incidence among men and women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol J. 2019;16(2):115-120.
- Thomas S, Patel D, Bittel B, et al. Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulatory Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The COVID A to Z Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2 PubMed
- Giffen MA, McLemore JL. Hyperoxalosis Secondary to Intravenous Vitamin C Administration as a Non-Allopathic Treatment for Cancer. Acad Forensic Pathol 2019;9(1-2):118-126. PubMed
- Maike A, Sturgill D, Gallan A. Oxalate Nephropathy in a Renal Transplant Recipient After Receiving High Dose Ascorbic Acid. Am J Med Sci 2021. PubMed
- Shen ZY, Chen YR, Wang MC, Chang SS. High-dose vitamin C-induced acute oxalate nephropathy in a renal transplant recipient: a case report and literature review. Asian J Surg 2022. PubMed
- Yanase F, Spano S, Maeda A, et al. Mega-dose sodium ascorbate: a pilot, single-dose, physiological effect, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care 2023;27(1):371. PubMed
- Sharma Y, Sumanadasa S, Shahi R, et al. Efficacy and safety of vitamin C supplementation in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Sci Rep 2024;14(1):11846. PubMed
- Pejcic AV, Petrovic NZ, Djordjic MD, Milosavljevic MN. Vitamin C Levels in Pregnant Women and the Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplements in Preventing Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Balkan Med J 2024;41(4):248-260. PubMed
Pantothenic Acid 11 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
- Debourdeau PM, Djezzar S, Estival JL, et al. Life-threatening eosinophilic pleuropericardial effusion related to vitamins B5 and H. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:424-6. DOI
- Schmuth, M., Wimmer, M. A., Hofer, S., Sztankay, A., Weinlich, G., Linder, D. M., Elias, P. M., Fritsch, P. O., and Fritsch, E. Topical corticosteroid therapy for acute radiation dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Br.J.Dermatol. 2 PubMed
- Schreck, U., Paulsen, F., Bamberg, M., and Budach, W. Intraindividual comparison of two different skin care conceptions in patients undergoing radiotherapy of the head-and-neck region. Creme or powder? Strahlenther.Onkol. 2002;178(6):321-329. PubMed
- Herbst, R. A., Uter, W., Pirker, C., Geier, J., and Frosch, P. J. Allergic and non-allergic periorbital dermatitis: patch test results of the Information Network of the Departments of Dermatology during a 5-year period. Contact Dermatitis 2004;51(1):13-1 PubMed
- Champault, G. and Patel, J. C. [Treatment of constipation with Bepanthene]. Med.Chir Dig. 1977;6(1):57-59.
- Scott LN, Fiume M, Bergfeld WF, et al. Safety Assessment of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and Derivatives as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022;41(3_suppl):77-128. PubMed
- Han J, Warshaw EM. Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Panthenol in "Hypoallergenic" Products. Dermatitis 2023;34(1):62-63. PubMed
- Blanchard G, Kerre S, Walker A, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from pantolactone and dexpanthenol in wound healing creams. Contact Dermatitis 2022;87(5):468-471. PubMed
- Peltier E, Trapp S, de Salvo R, et al. A new dexpanthenol-containing liquid cleanser for atopic-prone skin: Results from two prospective clinical studies evaluating cutaneous tolerability, moisturization potential, and effects on barrier function. J Cosme PubMed
Choline 14 references
- Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
- Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1224-31. PubMed
- Schmidt, C., Abicht, A., Krampfl, K., Voss, W., Stucka, R., Mildner, G., Petrova, S., Schara, U., Mortier, W., Bufler, J., Huebner, A., and Lochmuller, H. Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in the gene encoding choline acetyl
- Tamminga, C., Smith, R. C., Chang, S., Haraszti, J. S., and Davis, J. M. Depression associated with oral choline. Lancet 10-23-1976;2(7991):905. PubMed
- Wood, J. L. and Allison, R. G. Effects of consumption of choline and lecithin on neurological and cardiovascular systems. Fed.Proc. 1982;41(14):3015-3021.
- Growdon, J. H. and Gelenberg, A. J. Choline and lecithin administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. Trans.Am.Neurol.Assoc. 1978;103:95-99.
- Smith, C. M., Swash, M., Exton-Smith, A. N., Phillips, M. J., Overstall, P. W., Piper, M. E., and Bailey, M. R. Choline therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 8-5-1978;2(8084):318. PubMed
- Morrison, L. M. and W. F. Gonzales. Choline in coronary atherosclerosis. Amer.Heart J. 1950;39:729.
- Christie, J. G. Blackburn 1. M. Glen A. I. M. Zeisel S. Shering A. & Yates C. M. Effects of choline and lecithin on CSF choline levels and on cognitive functioning in patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Nutrition and the brain 1979;5
- Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, et al. Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013;111(2):249-55. PubMed
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