Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Jacked Factory

Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango is a dietary supplement by Jacked Factory with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for exercise performance, muscle soreness and fatigue, blood flow and circulation.Based on those ingredients, 232 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium, L-Citrulline, L-Tyrosine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango by Jacked Factory

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 8 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango contains 8 ingredients total, 6 of which are active. L-Citrulline and L-Tyrosine are amino acids — building blocks your body uses to make proteins and chemical messengers.

Sodium is an electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance and nerve function. Betaine anhydrous (BetaPure), glycerol (GlycerSize), and two proprietary blends—AstraGin and Con-Cret—round out the formula, each with their own roles in absorption, hydration, or athletic support.

The rest are inactive ingredients (excipients) like flavoring, sweeteners, and flow agents that give the powder its texture and taste.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: nitric oxide boosting pre-workout athletic performance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Hypertension, Muscle strength, endurance, blood flow — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Glycerol is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: L-citrulline is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Tyrosine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.

L-Citrulline is rated Possibly Effective for athletic performance; the evidence suggests it may help with physical work capacity or endurance. L-Tyrosine is Possibly Effective for cognitive function and memory.

Glycerol is Possibly Effective for athletic performance and Likely Effective for constipation. Betaine anhydrous is Possibly Effective for elevated homocysteine levels.

For most other claimed uses — cardiovascular health, heart failure, diabetes, dementia — the evidence we hold is insufficient or lacking. We have no effectiveness data on file for AstraGin, Con-Cret, or Nitrosigine.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient L-citrulline Tyrosine Sodium Betaine Anhydrous Glycerol

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-Citrulline is generally well tolerated but can cause gastrointestinal discomfort and heartburn in some people. L-Tyrosine is generally well tolerated; the most common side effects are fatigue, headache, heartburn, and nausea, especially at higher doses.

Glycerol may cause bloating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and diarrhea, particularly with large doses. Betaine anhydrous is generally well tolerated but can cause body odor, diarrhea, nausea, and GI distress.

Sodium in normal food amounts is fine, but too much — including from supplements — is linked to high blood pressure and kidney strain. L-Citrulline and L-Tyrosine have insufficient safety data in pregnancy and should be avoided; safety while breastfeeding is unknown for L-Citrulline and L-Tyrosine.

Betaine anhydrous and glycerol lack sufficient pregnancy data — check with your doctor or pharmacist for guidance. Sodium in pregnancy is rated Likely Safe in normal amounts but Possibly Unsafe in excess.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient L-citrulline Tyrosine Sodium Betaine Anhydrous Glycerol

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Tyrosine, L-citrulline, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 232 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before taking this product if you use antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications), phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5 inhibitors), levodopa, thyroid hormone medications, corticosteroids, lithium, or didanosine. High sodium content can also interact with sodium phosphates, tolvaptan, or other sodium-containing drugs.

Your pharmacist can help you figure out if it's safe to take together or whether you need to space doses.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This formula targets athletic performance and blood flow, and may help if you're looking to boost endurance or oxygen delivery to muscles. However, if you take blood pressure medications, thyroid medications, levodopa, lithium, or any blood pressure or heart medication, you should check with your pharmacist first — the combination could be risky.

Same goes if you're on sodium-restricted diets or take sodium-containing drugs. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 22, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango, straight from the product label.

Brand Jacked Factory
Barcode (UPC) 672691002740
Net contents 11.42 Ounce(s); 324 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 22, 2025
DSLD ID 337387
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango by Jacked Factory, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
10.8 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
21.6 Gram(s)
Servings per container
15
UPC/BARCODE
672691002740
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Citrulline3000 mg, 6000 mg--
L-Tyrosine500 mg, 1000 mg--
Sodium50 mg, 100 mg2%, 4%
AstraGin25 mg, 50 mg--
BetaPure1250 mg, 2500 mg--
Con-Cret1500 mg, 3000 mg--
GlycerSize1250 mg, 2500 mg--
Nitrosigine750 mg, 1500 mg--

Other ingredients: Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Calcium Silicate, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium, Beta-Carotene

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

NITRICSURGE is a stimulant-free, nitric oxide boosting pre-workout formula, meticulously crafted to enhance your athletic performance and provide the pump of a lifetime without any jitters or crash.

NITRICSURGE is a stimulant-free, nitric oxide boosting pre-workout formula, meticulously crafted to enhance your athletic performance and provide the pump of a lifetime without any jitters or crash. In addition to the pump ingredients you know and love, NITRICSURGE features premium patented ingredients such as Nitrosigine to boost nitric oxide levels. Supporting increased blood flow and nutrient delivery to your hard-working muscles. meanwhile, Con-Cret creatine HCl provides strength and muscle building benefits, while Glycerpump glycerol powder ensures maximum cellular hydration delivering unparalleled performance, pumps, and strength in every training session.

Stim-free Nitric Oxide Boosting Pre-Workout Boost N.O. level Increase strength Improve Athletic performance Powerful pumps

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As a dietary supplement, mix 1 scoop with 10-12 oz. water, 20-30 minutes before training. 1 Scoop 10-12 oz. water 20-30 minutes before training

Precautions

Warning: This product is only intended for use in healthy adults, 18 years of age or older. Keep out of reach of children.

Pregnant or nursing women should consult a physician before using this product.

Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

General Statements

Get Connected Facebook @jackedfactory Instagram @jackedfactory jackedfactory.com

Please recycle container.

Servings per container: 30, 15

Formula

6 g L-Citrulline Per 2 scoop serving 3 g Con-Cret Creatine HCl Per 2 scoop serving 2.5 g GlycerSize Per 2 scoop serving Naturally & artificially flavored Pineapple Mango

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

AstraGin is a registered trademark of NuLiv Science USA, Inc. CON-CRET Reinforced is a registered trademark of Vireo Systems Inc. Creatine Hydrochloride is covered by one or more patents: www.vireosystems.com/patents. GlycerSize is a trademark of Pinnacle Ingredients Pty Ltd. Nitrosigine, including the Nitrosigine logo, is a registered trademark of Nutrition 21, LLC. Nitrosigine is patent protected. BetaPure is a trademark of Creative Compounds.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

See for yourself

Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango by Jacked Factory label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango by Jacked Factory

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size10.8 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container15 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Citrulline

Interacts with
178 drugs
3000 mg per serving

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. I...

L-Citrulline monograph & interactions

L-Tyrosine

Interacts with
21 drugs
500 mg per serving

L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performan...

L-Tyrosine monograph & interactions

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
50 mg per serving Form: Sodium Citrate

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

AstraGin

25 mg per serving Form: Astragalus membranaceous, Panax notoginseng

BetaPure

No known
interactions
1250 mg per serving Form: Betaine Anhydrous

Betaine anhydrous (also called trimethylglycine) is a compound found in foods like beets, spinach, and whole grains, and is sold as a supplement and a...

BetaPure monograph & interactions

Con-Cret

1500 mg per serving Form: Creatine Hydrochloride

GlycerSize

No known
interactions
1250 mg per serving Form: Glycerol, Powder

Glycerol (glycerin) is a sweet, syrupy compound made naturally in the body and widely used in foods, skin products, and medicines. It is well establis...

GlycerSize monograph & interactions

Nitrosigine

750 mg per serving Form: Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate

Other (inactive) ingredients: Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Calcium Silicate, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium, Beta-Carotene. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango by Jacked Factory Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
232Drugs
232 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

L-Citrulline2 drug types · 178 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-citrulline with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the chance of hypotension.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. However, a meta-analysis of 5 small clinical studies suggests that taking L-citrulline 3-6 grams daily for 1-8 weeks does not lower blood pressure when compared with control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concurrent use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and L-citrulline might result in additive vasodilation.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. Theoretically, taking L-arginine with PDE-5 inhibitors might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

L-Tyrosine2 drug types · 21 drugs

Levodopa

Theoretically, tyrosine might decrease the effectiveness of levodopa.
Tyrosine and levodopa compete for absorption in the proximal duodenum by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport system. Advise patients to separate doses of tyrosine and levodopa by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, tyrosine might have additive effects with thyroid hormone medications.
Tyrosine is a precursor to thyroxine and might increase levels of thyroid hormones.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango, from the product label.

Jacked Factory

See all Jacked Factory products
Name
Jacked Factory
City
St. John's
ZipCode
A1A 5A1
Phone Number
1-877-250-5237
Web Address
Jackedfactory.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango by Jacked Factory: Common Questions

Does Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango by Jacked Factory interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango has a known interaction with 232 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this product lower my blood pressure?
L-Citrulline can theoretically lower blood pressure by widening blood vessels. If you already take blood pressure medication, combining them could drop your pressure too much. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting.
What side effects should I expect?
The most common are gastrointestinal — stomach discomfort, heartburn, bloating, nausea, or diarrhea. L-Tyrosine may cause fatigue or headache. These tend to be mild, but if they're bothersome, lower your dose or stop and check with your pharmacist.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
There isn't enough safety data for most ingredients. L-Citrulline and L-Tyrosine should be avoided in pregnancy. Betaine and glycerol lack sufficient data too. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice before use.
Does this really improve athletic performance?
L-Citrulline is Possibly Effective for athletic performance based on the evidence we hold. L-Tyrosine is rated Possibly Ineffective for athletic performance. Glycerol is Possibly Effective. Results vary, and this isn't a substitute for training and nutrition.
What's the sodium content doing in a pre-workout drink?
Sodium helps hold onto water in your body, which can improve hydration during intense exercise. But if you're on a low-sodium diet, take blood pressure meds, or use lithium, check with your pharmacist — the extra sodium may interfere.
Can I take this with my thyroid medication?
L-Tyrosine in this product might have additive effects with thyroid hormones and could theoretically boost thyroid hormone levels too much. Check with your pharmacist or doctor before combining them.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Nitric Surge Pineapple Mango's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 69 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

L-citrulline 8 references
  1. Cheng JW, Balwin SN. L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:755-64. PubMed
  2. Schwedhelm E, Maas R, Freese R, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;65:51-9. PubMed
  3. Romero MJ, Platt DH, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Therapeutic use of citrulline in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2006;24:275-90. PubMed
  4. Balderas-Munoz K, Castillo-Martínez L, Orea-Tejeda A, et al. Improvement of ventricular function in systolic heart failure patients with oral L-citrulline supplementation. Cardiol J 2012;19:612-7. PubMed
  5. Sharif Kashani B, Tahmaseb Pour P, Malekmohammad M, et al. Oral l-citrulline malate in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and Eisenmenger Syndrome: a clinical trial. J Cardiol 2014;64:231-5. PubMed
  6. Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24:1215-22. PubMed
  7. Mirenayat MS, Moradi S, Mohammadi H, Rouhani MH. Effect of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(11):98. PubMed
  8. Xu Z, Liu C, Liu S, Zhou Z. Comparison of efficacy and safety of daily oral L-arginine and PDE5Is alone or combination in treating erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Andrologia. 2021:e14007. PubMed

See these in context on the L-citrulline monograph →

Tyrosine 4 references
  1. Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, et al. Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Amer Geriat Soc 1977;25:289-98.
  2. DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
  3. Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Wender PH. Amino acid precursors for the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;21:146-9.
  4. van Spronsen FJ, van Rijn M, Bekhof J. Phenylketonuria: tyrosine supplementation in phenylalanine-restricted diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:153-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Tyrosine monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
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Betaine Anhydrous 11 references
  1. Cystadane (betaine anhydrous for oral solution) Package insert. Orphan Medical, Inc. Minnetonka, MN. November 2005.
  2. Abdelmalek MF, Angulo P, Jorgensen RA, et al. Betaine, a promising new agent for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of a pilot study. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2711-7.. PubMed
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See these in context on the Betaine Anhydrous monograph →

Glycerol 8 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
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  5. Balaskas E, Szepietowski JC, Bessis D, Ioannides D, Ponticelli C, Ghienne C, Taberly A, Dupuy P. Randomized, double-blind study with glycerol and paraffin in uremic xerosis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Apr;6(4):748-52. PubMed
  6. Blanchet-Bardon C, Tadini G, Machado Matos M, Delarue A. Association of glycerol and paraffin in the treatment of ichthyosis in children: an international, multicentric, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Aug;26 PubMed
  7. Kajita N, Kanamori K, Yamamoto S, Yoshida K. Generalized Urticaria Caused by a Glycerin Enema in an Infant. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022;32(4):318-319. PubMed
  8. Suzuki R, Fukuyama K, Miyazaki Y, Namiki T. Contact urticaria syndrome and protein contact dermatitis caused by glycerin enema. JAAD Case Reports. 2016;2:108-10. PubMed

See these in context on the Glycerol monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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