Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Omega Focus Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Nordic Naturals

Omega Focus label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Omega Focus against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Omega Focus is a dietary supplement by Nordic Naturals with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,077 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bacopa (whole plant) extract, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Omega Focus by Nordic Naturals

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Omega Focus by Nordic Naturals — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Omega Focus by Nordic Naturals

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,280 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Omega Focus contains five active ingredients. The first two are omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both derived from fish oil.

The product also includes sodium, a mineral that regulates fluid balance and nerve function. Citicoline is a compound that supports brain cell communication, and Bacopa is a plant extract used in traditional medicine.

The product also contains inactive ingredients including purified deep sea fish oil, beeswax, vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopherol), and rosemary extract.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: attention and focus with overall brain health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Cognitive function, Cognitive impairment, Stroke, Vascular dementia — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Citicoline is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related cognitive decline (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Citicoline is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Stroke.
  • Also on file: Bacopa is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Cognitive function, Cognitive impairment.

The data we hold doesn't establish that Omega Focus itself is effective for any condition. Citicoline, one of its ingredients, is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and glaucoma, but the evidence for stroke is possibly ineffective, and for Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury the evidence is insufficient to rate.

Bacopa's effectiveness is similarly uncertain — the data shows insufficient evidence to rate it for cognitive function, ADHD, Alzheimer's disease, back pain, or sexual dysfunction. For the omega-3 fatty acids and sodium in this product, we don't have effectiveness ratings on file.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Citicoline Bacopa

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Citicoline and bacopa are generally well tolerated in studies, but long-term safety data aren't fully established for either. Common side effects of citicoline include abdominal pain, back pain, blurred vision, constipation, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, and nausea.

Bacopa commonly causes gastrointestinal upset — abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, bloating, and indigestion — with rates ranging from 12% to 30% in trials. It may also cause drowsiness, headache, insomnia, or vivid dreams.

Sodium in normal dietary amounts is fine, but excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain; avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical guidance.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Citicoline Bacopa

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Bacopa, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: lithium.
  • For scale: 1,078 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take lithium, blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), corticosteroids, didanosine, sodium phosphates, tolvaptan, or any sodium-containing drugs — all interactions are rated Moderate. Additionally, check if you take medications metabolized through your liver's cytochrome P450 system (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 substrates), anticholinergic drugs, cholinergic drugs, cevimeline, or thyroid hormone, as bacopa may affect these.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Omega Focus is designed to support focus and cognitive function, but the evidence for its ingredients is mixed or limited. If you take lithium, blood pressure medications, corticosteroids, or any other prescription drugs, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product — the sodium and bacopa content can affect how several medications work.

The product is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data for citicoline and bacopa.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 27, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Omega Focus, straight from the product label.

Brand Nordic Naturals
Barcode (UPC) 768990018732
Net contents 60 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 27, 2021
DSLD ID 250743
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Omega Focus by Nordic Naturals, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
768990018732
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories20 Calorie(s)--
Eicosapentaenoic Acid330 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid780 mg--
Sodium10 mg1%
Trans Fat0 Gram(s)--
Total Fat1.5 Gram(s)2%
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids1280 mg--
Saturated Fat0 Gram(s)--
Citicoline250 mg--
Bacopa (whole plant) extract200 mg--

Other ingredients: purified deep sea Fish Oil, Soft Gel Capsule, Citicoline, Bacopa extract, Beeswax, D-Alpha-Tocopherol, Rosemary extract

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Molecularly distilled Guaranteed purity Omega Focus is a unique blend of nutrients that benefits attention and focus by supporting overall brain health. Citicoline is a key source of the essential brain nutrient choline and supports mental focus-the brain's ability to stay on task. Bacopa monnieri is an Ayurvedic herb that supports working memory and helps decrease oxidative stress in the brain. Wild caught. Pure. No fishy aftertaste. Friend of the Sea certified. Every batch of Nordic Natural fish oils is tested by a third-party certified lab for environmental toxins, including heavy metals. All fish oils are in the triglyceride form and surpass the strictest international standards for purity freshness.

Mental focus Cognitive support Neurological health

NON GMO Verified

No gluten, milk derivatives, or artificially derived colors or flavors.

General Statements

Certificates of analysis available upon request.

Please recycle this container.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Two soft gels daily, with food, or as directed by your health care professional or pharmacist.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place, away from sunlight.

Precautions

Do not take if tamper-evident seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Warning: Consult with your physician before using this product if you are allergic to iodine, use blood thinners, are pregnant or lactating, have a known medical condition, or are taking medications.

Warning: Consult with your physician before using this product if you are allergic to iodine, use blood thinners, are pregnant or lactating, have a known medical condition, or are taking medications.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Product protected by U.S. patent #s 6346231 & 6641837.

Cognizin is a registered trademark of Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd Bacognize is a registered trademark of Verdure Sciences, Inc.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Formula

1280 mg omega-3 with citicoline & bacopa monnieri extract

Superior Triglyceride Form

Seals/Symbols

Third-Party Tested Purity

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Omega Focus by Nordic Naturals label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Omega Focus label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Omega Focus by Nordic Naturals

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids

1280 mg per serving
  • › Eicosapentaenoic Acid
  • › Docosahexaenoic Acid

Citicoline

No known
interactions
250 mg per serving

Citicoline is a naturally occurring compound involved in making brain cell membranes and the messenger chemical acetylcholine. It is popularly taken f...

Citicoline monograph & interactions

Bacopa (whole plant) extract

Interacts with
930 drugs
200 mg per serving Form: Bacopa Glycosides

Bacopa is an Ayurvedic herb most often used for memory and thinking. Some small studies suggest it may modestly help memory when taken regularly for s...

Bacopa (whole plant) extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Purified deep sea Fish Oil, Soft Gel Capsule, Citicoline, Bacopa extract, Beeswax, D-Alpha-Tocopherol, Rosemary extract. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Omega Focus by Nordic Naturals Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Omega Focus?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,077Drugs
1,064 Moderate 13 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Bacopa (whole plant) extract 930
Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Omega Focus interact with 1,077 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 5 ingredients in Omega Focus interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bacopa (whole plant) extract Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Omega Focus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Bacopa (whole plant) extract8 drug types · 930 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use might decrease the effectiveness of both agents.
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels, which could counteract the effects of anticholinergic drugs. Similarly, anticholinergic drugs might counteract the cholinergic effects of bacopa.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cevimeline (Evoxac)

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the effects and adverse effects of cevimeline.
In one case, a 58-year-old female taking cevimeline long-term for Sjogren syndrome experienced hyperhidrosis, malaise, nausea, and tachycardia shortly after taking a single dose of bacopa. Symptoms resolved after two days. Cevimeline is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4, and researchers theorize that bacopa may have inhibited these isoenzymes. However, it is unclear if bacopa causes clinically significant inhibition of either CYP2D6 or CYP3A4.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of bacopa with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects.
Bacopa seems to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels. Theoretically, this could result in additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Research on the effects of bacopa extracts on CYP1A2 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence shows that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP1A2, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes. It is not known whether this is clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Research on the effect of bacopa extracts on CYP2C9 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and non-competitively inhibit CYP2C9, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Research on the effects of bacopa extracts on CYP3A4 enzymes is conflicting. Some in vitro evidence suggests that bacopa extract can moderately and competitively inhibit CYP3A4, while other in vitro evidence suggests that any effect is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, bacopa might have additive effects when used with thyroid hormone.
Animal research suggests that bacopa increases thyroxine (T4) levels in mice by about 40%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bacopa (whole plant) extract full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Omega Focus, from the product label.

Nordic Naturals

See all Nordic Naturals products
Name
Nordic Naturals, Mfg.
Street Address
111 Jennings Drive
City
Watsonville
State
CA
ZipCode
95076
Phone Number
800-662-2544
Web Address
nordicnaturals.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Omega Focus by Nordic Naturals: Common Questions

Does Omega Focus by Nordic Naturals interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Omega Focus has a known interaction with 1,077 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Omega Focus contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take Omega Focus if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Not enough safety data exists for citicoline and bacopa during pregnancy or breastfeeding — the facts advise against using them in both cases. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.
What's citicoline and what does it do?
Citicoline is a compound that supports brain cell communication. The evidence shows it's possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and glaucoma, but evidence is insufficient or possibly ineffective for other conditions like Alzheimer's disease and stroke.
What side effects might I experience from bacopa?
Bacopa commonly causes gastrointestinal upset — cramping, diarrhea, nausea, bloating, and constipation — occurring in 12% to 30% of people in studies. Some people also report drowsiness, headache, insomnia, or vivid dreams.
Is the sodium in this product a concern?
In normal dietary amounts, dietary sodium is fine. But this product adds sodium on top of what you eat, and excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain. If you take blood pressure medications or lithium, the extra sodium becomes a real concern — talk with your doctor or pharmacist first.
Does Omega Focus actually improve focus and brain function?
The evidence we hold doesn't establish that Omega Focus itself works for focus or cognition. One ingredient, citicoline, is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and glaucoma, but evidence for other brain-related uses is insufficient or unclear.
What are the omega-3 fatty acids in this product?
This product contains EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), both omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil. We don't hold effectiveness or interaction data for these specific ingredients on file.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Omega Focus label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Omega Focus’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Citicoline

Citicoline is a naturally occurring compound involved in making brain cell membranes and the messenger chemical acetylcholine. It is popularly taken for memory, focus, and brain aging, and s...

Read the full Citicoline monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacopa

Interacts with 930 drugs

Bacopa is an Ayurvedic herb most often used for memory and thinking. Some small studies suggest it may modestly help memory when taken regularly for several weeks, but the evidence is limite...

Read the full Bacopa monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Omega Focus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 61 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
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See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Citicoline 11 references
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See these in context on the Citicoline monograph →

Bacopa 12 references
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See these in context on the Bacopa monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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