Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength is a dietary supplement by Osteo Bi-Flex with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for constipation, diarrhea, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 2,068 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dietary Fiber, Sodium, Glucosamine HCl. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength by Osteo Bi-Flex
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength by Osteo Bi-Flex — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength by Osteo Bi-Flex
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength contains 3 active ingredients: sodium, glucosamine HCl, and chondroitin sulfate. Glucosamine and chondroitin are both components of cartilage and are included to support joint structure and function.
Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a role in fluid balance and nerve function, though the amount from this supplement adds to your total daily intake from food and other sources. The product also contains inactive ingredients — cellulose and other minor components — that serve as binders and fillers in the formulation.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
Glucosamine in this product is rated likely effective for osteoarthritis. Chondroitin is rated possibly effective for osteoarthritis and cataracts, though the evidence for other uses is insufficient.
For other conditions the product might be marketed for — such as aging skin, back pain, or other joint concerns — we don't hold evidence that supports a confident rating at this time.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Glucosamine and chondroitin are generally well tolerated when taken orally. The most common side effects are digestive — bloating, constipation, cramps, diarrhea, heartburn, or nausea.
Rare serious effects have been reported, and some people have experienced allergic reactions ranging from mild (itching, hives) to severe; asthma exacerbation has also been reported rarely. Sodium in the amount you'd normally eat is fine, but supplemental sodium or very high intake can raise blood pressure, strain the heart, and potentially worsen kidney disease — especially if you already have high blood pressure or heart problems.
The safety data for glucosamine and chondroitin during pregnancy advises against use, and there isn't enough information to know whether they're safe while breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to be.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Double-check this product before taking it if you use warfarin or other blood thinners — glucosamine may increase bleeding risk (Major severity). Also check if you take blood pressure medications, lithium, corticosteroids, didanosine, tolvaptan, cancer chemotherapy drugs, blood sugar medications, or acetaminophen, as sodium or glucosamine may affect how these work or increase side effects (Moderate to Minor severity).
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product may be worth considering if you have osteoarthritis, since glucosamine is likely effective for that condition. However, if you take warfarin (or other blood thinners), blood pressure medications, lithium, or any other prescription medications, check your exact drugs with your pharmacist or doctor before starting — the sodium and glucosamine content can interfere with several common medications.
Anyone with high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney problems, or who is pregnant or breastfeeding should talk with their own healthcare provider first.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2013.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Osteo Bi-Flex |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 030768031367 |
| Net contents | 48 Coated Caplet(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Sep 25, 2013 |
| DSLD ID | 26050 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Other (e.g. Tea Bag) |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength by Osteo Bi-Flex, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 10 {Calories} | -- |
| Total Carbohydrates | 3 Gram(s) | 1% |
| Dietary Fiber | 1 Gram(s) | 3% |
| Sodium | 140 mg | 6% |
| Glucosamine HCl | 1500 mg | -- |
| Chondroitin Sulfate | 1200 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Cellulose, Contains <2% of
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)
PROUD SPONSOR OF THE ARTHRITIS FOUNDATION(R) Like calcium supplements can help your bones, Osteo Bi-Flex(R) can help your joints.*
Ambassadors Club(R) For more information visit www.osteobiflex.com
(C)2012
PROUD SPONSOR of the {image} ARTHRITIS FOUNDATIONS(R) Rexall Sundown, Inc., the maker of Osteo Bi-Flex(R), is proud to support the Arthritis Foundation's efforts to help people take control of arthritis.
Add Osteo Bi-Flex(R) Regular Strength to your joint care regimen. It contains 1,500 mg of Glucosamine HCl, a key building block of cartilage.*
Osteo Bi-Flex(R) Regular Strength helps to: -Revitalize Joints* -Promote Mobility* -With occasional joint stiffness*
EASY-TO-SWALLOW SmoothCap(TM)
Join the millions of people who choose Osteo Bi-Flex(R) for their joints every day, and have made it the #1 brand.** Osteo Bi-Flex(R) Regular Strength caplets are a potent combination of highly effective ingredients in Joint Care Science.* Osteo Bi-Flex(R) is manufactured under the highest standards for product quality, purity and potency.
See bottom of package for our Ambassadors Club(R) reward points program.
General Statements
The natural aging process can add excessive stress on your joints. Annoying flare-ups can strike at any time.
10 POINTS 10 POINTS
1-888-VITAHELP
For information about arthritis, contact the Foundation at 1-800-568-4045 or www.arthritis.org
With the addition of 1,200 mg of Chondroitin Sulfate, this revolutionary formula helps revitalize your joints to keep them jumpin'.*
**52 week Nielsen ScanTrack data ending 8/25/12
Part No. 22-67976
HELP REVITALIZE YOUR JOINTS* KEY BUILDING BLOCK OF CARTILAGE*
Formulation
Free of Gluten
General
44771 05B B30979 LAB
Formula
Contains shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, crayfish) ingredients.
Contains shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, crayfish) ingredients.
GLUCOSAMINE HCl CHONDROITIN SULFATE
Precautions
Contains shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, crayfish) ingredients.
As a reminder, discuss the supplements and medications you take with your health care providers.
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.
TAMPER RESISTANT: DO NOT USE IF SEAL UNDER CAP IS BROKEN OR MISSING.
CAUTION: If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before use.
Discontinue use and consult your doctor if any adverse reactions occur.
Not intended for use by persons under the age of 18.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
For best results, take the full dosage of Osteo Bi-Flex(R) daily, on a continual basis.
NOTE: You have the option of taking all six caplets together or spread throughout the day.
DIRECTIONS FOR ADULT USE: TAKE SIX (6) CAPLETS PER DAY PREFERABLY WITH FOOD.
FDA Statement of Identity
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
Storage
STORE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND AVOID EXCESSIVE HEAT.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength by Osteo Bi-Flex label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength by Osteo Bi-Flex
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size6 Caplet(s) Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Servings per container8 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Dietary Fiber
Interacts with2,025 drugs
Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. I...
Dietary Fiber monograph & interactionsSodium
Interacts with205 drugs
Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...
Sodium monograph & interactionsGlucosamine HCl
Interacts with170 drugs
Glucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of...
Glucosamine HCl monograph & interactionsChondroitin Sulfate
Interacts with2 drugs
Chondroitin sulfate is a naturally occurring building block of cartilage that is widely taken, often with glucosamine, for osteoarthritis joint pain....
Chondroitin Sulfate monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Contains <2% of. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength by Osteo Bi-Flex Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength interacts with medications through its sodium, glucosamine HCl, and chondroitin sulfate content.
The most serious interaction is glucosamine with warfarin (Coumadin) — a blood thinner — which may increase bleeding risk and bruising, classified as Major severity.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Sodium in this product can reduce the effectiveness of blood pressure medications (antihypertensives) and may increase the risk of high sodium levels (hypernatremia) when combined with corticosteroids, lithium, didanosine, sodium phosphate bowel prep solutions, tolvaptan, or other sodium-containing drugs — all Moderate severity. High sodium intake can also raise blood pressure and interfere with lithium levels, potentially causing lithium toxicity.
Glucosamines may theoretically reduce the effectiveness of certain cancer chemotherapy drugs (topoisomerase II inhibitors) and may slightly interfere with blood sugar control medications, though the latter effect is considered unlikely despite earlier concerns — both Minor severity. It might also reduce pain relief from acetaminophen (Tylenol) when taken together.
Chondroitin combined with glucosamine may also increase warfarin's blood-thinning effects, though chondroitin alone is less clear — Moderate severity.
Altogether, these interactions span 375 individual medications. Use the medication checker on this page to verify your exact prescriptions before starting.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength interact with 2,068 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 4 ingredients in Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Dietary Fiber Sodium Glucosamine HCl Chondroitin Sulfate
ClevidipineCleviprex
How Clevidipine interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Clevidipine interactionClobetasolClobex, Temovate
How Clobetasol interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Clobetasol interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Clobetasol interactionClonidineCatapres
How Clonidine interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Clonidine interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Clonidine interactionCortisone AcetateCortisone Tablets, Cortone
How Cortisone Acetate interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Cortisone Acetate interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Cortisone Acetate interactionCryptenamine, MethyclothiazideDiutensen
How Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionCyclothiazideAnhydron, Fluidil
How Cyclothiazide interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Cyclothiazide interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Cyclothiazide interactionDapagliflozin Propanediol, MetforminXigduo XR
How Dapagliflozin Propanediol, Metformin interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dietary FiberMetformin (glucophage), Oral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Dapagliflozin Propanediol, Metformin interactionGlucosamine HclAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Dapagliflozin Propanediol, Metformin interactionDapagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride, Saxagliptin HydrochlorideQternmet XR
How Dapagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride, Saxagliptin Hydrochloride interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dietary FiberMetformin (glucophage), Oral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Dapagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride, Saxagliptin Hydrochloride interactionGlucosamine HclAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Dapagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride, Saxagliptin Hydrochloride interactionDaunorubicin CitrateDaunoXome
How Daunorubicin Citrate interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Glucosamine HclTopoisomerase Ii Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Daunorubicin Citrate interactionDaunorubicin HydrochlorideCerubidine
How Daunorubicin Hydrochloride interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Glucosamine HclTopoisomerase Ii Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Daunorubicin Hydrochloride interactionDaunorubicin, CytarabineVyxeos
How Daunorubicin, Cytarabine interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Glucosamine HclTopoisomerase Ii Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Daunorubicin, Cytarabine interactionDeserpidineHarmonyl
How Deserpidine interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Deserpidine interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Deserpidine interactionDeserpidine, HydrochlorothiazideOreticyl, Oreticyl Forte
How Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionDeserpidine, MethyclothiazideEnduronyl, Enduronyl Forte
How Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionDexamethasoneDecadron, Dexone, Dextenza, Dexycu, Hemady, Hexadrol +1 more
How Dexamethasone interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumCorticosteroids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Dexamethasone interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Dexamethasone interactionDibasic Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic Sodium Phosphate Monohydrate (prescription Drug)K-Phos Neutral
How Dibasic Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic Sodium Phosphate Monohydrate (prescription Drug) interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumSodium-containing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
Read the full Sodium + Dibasic Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic Sodium Phosphate Monohydrate (prescription Drug) interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Dibasic Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic Sodium Phosphate Monohydrate (prescription Drug) interactionDidanosineVidex, Videx EC
How Didanosine interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumDidanosine (videx), Sodium-containing Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Read the full Sodium + Didanosine interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Didanosine interactionDiltiazemAdizem-SR, Adizem-XL, Angitil SR, Angitil XL, Calcicard CR, Cardizem +23 more
How Diltiazem interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Diltiazem interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Diltiazem interactionDiltiazem, EnalaprilTeczem
How Diltiazem, Enalapril interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Diltiazem, Enalapril interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Diltiazem, Enalapril interactionDoxazosin MesylateCardura
How Doxazosin Mesylate interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Doxazosin Mesylate interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Doxazosin Mesylate interactionDoxorubicinAdriamycin, Caelyx, Doxil, Myocet, Rubex
How Doxorubicin interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Glucosamine HclTopoisomerase Ii Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Doxorubicin interactionEmpagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin HydrochlorideTrijardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dietary FiberMetformin (glucophage), Oral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionGlucosamine HclAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEmpagliflozin, MetforminSynjardy
How Empagliflozin, Metformin interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dietary FiberMetformin (glucophage), Oral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Empagliflozin, Metformin interactionGlucosamine HclAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Empagliflozin, Metformin interactionEmpagliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSynjardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Dietary FiberOral Drugs, Metformin (glucophage) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionGlucosamine HclAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEnalapril MaleateEpaned, Vasotec
How Enalapril Maleate interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Enalapril Maleate interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Enalapril Maleate interactionEnalapril Maleate, FelodipineLexxel
How Enalapril Maleate, Felodipine interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Enalapril Maleate, Felodipine interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Enalapril Maleate, Felodipine interactionEnalapril Maleate, HydrochlorothiazideVaseretic
How Enalapril Maleate, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Enalapril Maleate, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Enalapril Maleate, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionEpirubicinEllence
How Epirubicin interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Glucosamine HclTopoisomerase Ii Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
Read the full Glucosamine Hcl + Epirubicin interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Epirubicin interactionEplerenoneInspra
How Eplerenone interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Eplerenone interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Eplerenone interactionEpoprostenolFlolan
How Epoprostenol interacts with Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Sodium + Epoprostenol interactionDietary FiberOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Dietary Fiber + Epoprostenol interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Dietary Fiber
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce carbamazepine absorption. A preliminary study using blond psyllium reported decreased carbamazepine bioavailability due to binding of the drug to psyllium, as well as reduction of available fluid in the gut for dissolution of the drug. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.
Lithium
Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as lithium might reduce lithium absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might reduce lithium absorption and plasma levels. Some case reports describe a reduction in plasma lithium levels with concomitant administration of blond psyllium. This was reversed when psyllium was stopped. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.
Metformin (Glucophage)
Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Animal research shows that concurrent consumption of blond psyllium with metformin slows and increases the absorption of metformin. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after metformin.
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as olanzapine might reduce olanzapine absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might decrease the absorption of olanzapine. A single case report describes a reduction in the effectiveness of olanzapine when it was concomitantly administered with an unspecified type of psyllium 3 grams orally twice daily. This effect was reversed when psyllium was stopped.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Psyllium might bind digoxin in the gut. However, some clinical evidence suggests that psyllium does not impact digoxin absorption.
Ethinyl Estradiol
Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as ethinyl estradiol might alter levels of estradiol.
Concurrent use of blond psyllium with ethinyl estradiol results in a slight increase in the extent of ethinyl estradiol absorption and a slower rate of absorption. This is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Psyllium seems to have variable effects on drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after oral medications. Animal research shows that blond psyllium delays and increases the absorption of metformin and ethinyl estradiol. Case reports and animal research suggest that blond psyllium might reduce absorption of lithium, digoxin, olanzapine, and carbamazepine. Finally, some pharmacokinetic studies show that psyllium does not affect the absorption of levothyroxine or warfarin. Although many of these studies evaluated blond psyllium, the fiber content in black psyllium may have similar effects.
Sodium
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.
Corticosteroids
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.
Didanosine (Videx)
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.
Lithium
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
Sodium Phosphates
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Sodium-Containing Drugs
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
Glucosamine HCl
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. In one case, the increase in INR occurred only after tripling the dose of a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement from 500 mg/400 mg daily to 1500/1200 mg daily. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone to increased INR in patients taking warfarin. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear. Glucosamine is a small component of heparin, but is not thought to have anticoagulant activity; however, animal research suggests that it might have antiplatelet activity.
Topoisomerase Ii Inhibitors
Theoretically glucosamine may induce resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors.
In vitro research suggests that glucosamine might induce resistance to etoposide (VP16, VePesid) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by reducing inhibition of topoisomerase II, an enzyme required for DNA replication in tumor cells. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)
Acetaminophen might interfere with the activity of glucosamine sulfate by interacting with the sulfate portion.
Anecdotal reports suggest that adding glucosamine to an acetaminophen regimen might decrease pain control in patients with osteoarthritis. Some research suggests that the sulfate portion of glucosamine sulfate might contribute to its effect in osteoarthritis. Since acetaminophen metabolism requires sulfur and reduces serum sulfate concentrations, acetaminophen could theoretically interfere with the action of glucosamine sulfate. Conversely, the administration of sulfate could theoretically decrease the effectiveness of acetaminophen in sulfate-deficient people by increasing its clearance.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Despite initial concerns, it is unlikely that glucosamine will interfere with the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research has suggested that glucosamine might increase insulin resistance or decrease insulin production. This has raised concerns that taking glucosamine might worsen diabetes and decrease the effectiveness of diabetes drugs. However, clinical research suggests that glucosamine does not have adverse effects on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in healthy, obese, or type 2 diabetes patients.
Chondroitin Sulfate
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Taking chondroitin in combination with glucosamine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. However, the effect of chondroitin alone is unclear.
There have been multiple reports of increased international normalized ratio (INR) in patients taking warfarin with glucosamine, with or without chondroitin. The lack of reports with chondroitin alone seem to suggest that the interactions occurring in these reports may have been due to glucosamine. In two individual case reports, glucosamine/chondroitin combinations were associated with a significant increase in INR in patients previously stabilized on warfarin. Additionally, 20 voluntary case reports to the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have linked glucosamine plus chondroitin with increased INR, bruising, and bleeding in patients who were also taking warfarin. There have also been 20 additional case reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) that link glucosamine alone, without chondroitin, to increased INR in patients taking warfarin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength, from the product label.
Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength by Osteo Bi-Flex: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Black Psyllium
Interacts with 2,025 drugsBlack psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. It is best known and most studied for rel...
Read the full Black Psyllium monograph → Herb & supplement monographSodium
Interacts with 205 drugsSodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...
Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monographGlucosamine
Interacts with 170 drugsGlucosamine is a natural compound found in cartilage and joint fluid, and it is one of the most popular supplements for osteoarthritis, especially of the knee. The evidence is mixed, with so...
Read the full Glucosamine monograph → Herb & supplement monographChondroitin Sulfate
Interacts with 2 drugsChondroitin sulfate is a naturally occurring building block of cartilage that is widely taken, often with glucosamine, for osteoarthritis joint pain. The evidence is mixed—some people report...
Read the full Chondroitin Sulfate monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Osteo Bi-Flex Regular Strength's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 136 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Black Psyllium 18 references
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- Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
- Etman M. Effect of a bulk forming laxative on the bioavailablility of carbamazepine in man. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995;21:1901-6.
- Perlman BB. Interaction between lithium salts and ispaghula husk. Lancet 1990;335:416.
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- Lantner RR, Espiritu BR, Zumerchik P, Tobin MC. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of a psyllium-containing cereal. JAMA 1990;264:2534-6. DOI
- Kaplan MJ. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1072-3. DOI
- Nordstrom M, Melander A, Robertsson E, Steen B. Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients. Drug Nutr Interact 1987;5:67-9..
- Robinson DS, Benjamin DM, McCormack JJ. Interaction of warfarin and nonsystemic gastrointestinal drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971;12:491-5. PubMed
- Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, Diez MJ, et al. Influence of two dietary fibers in the oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of ethinyloestradiol. Contraception 2000;62:253-7. PubMed
- Fernandez N, Lopez C, Díez R, et al. Drug interactions with the dietary fiber Plantago ovata husk. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8(11):1377-86.
- Semen plantaginis in: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, volume 1. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/. Accessed November 26, 1026.
- Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 101.17). Food labeling warning, notice, and safe handling statements. Available at www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=20f647d3b74161501f46564b915b4048&mc=true&node=se21.2.101_117&rgn=div8. Accessed December 3, 2
- Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 201.319). Specific labeling requirements - water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids. Available at www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=201.319. Accessed Dece
- Diez R, Garcia JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernandez N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):298. PubMed
- Chiu AC, Sherman SI. Effects of pharmacological fiber supplements on levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid. 1998;8(8):667-71. PubMed
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Sodium 38 references
- Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
- Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
- Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
- Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
- Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
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- Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
- D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
- Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
- Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
- Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
- Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
- Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
- Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
- Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
- Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
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- Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
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- Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
- Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
- Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
- Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
- Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
- Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
- Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
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- Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
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- Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed
Glucosamine 58 references
- Adams ME. Hype about glucosamine. Lancet 1999;354:353-4. PubMed
- Balkan B, Dunning BE. Glucosamine inhibits glucokinase in vitro and produces a glucose-specific impairment of in vivo insulin secretion in rats. Diabetes 1994;43:1173-9. PubMed
- Giaccari A, Morviducci L, Zorretta D, et al. In vivo effects of glucosamine on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in the rat: possible relevance to the maladaptive responses to chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetologia 1995;38:518-24. PubMed
- Holmang A, Nilsson C, Niklasson M, et al. Induction of insulin resistance by glucosamine reduces blood flow but not interstitial levels of either glucose or insulin. Diabetes 1999;48:106-11. PubMed
- Houpt JB, McMillan R, Wein C, Paget-Dellio SD. Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2423-30.
- Barclay TS, Tsourounis C, McCart GM. Glucosamine. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:574-9.
- Shankar RR, Zhu JS, Baron AD. Glucosamine infusion in rats mimics the beta-cell dysfunction of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1998;47:573-7.
- Almada A, Harvey P, Platt K. Effects of chronic oral glucosamine sulfate on fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI) in non-diabetic individuals. FASEB J 2000;14:A750.
- Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:251-6.
- Does glucosamine increase serum lipid levels and blood pressure? Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2001;17(11):171115.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Monauni T, Zenti MG, Cretti A, et al. Effects of glucosamine infusion on insulin secretion and insulin action in humans. Diabetes 2000;49:926-35. PubMed
- Pouwels MJ, Jacobs JR, Span PN, et al. Short-term glucosamine infusion does not affect insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2099-103. DOI
- Yun J, Tomida A, Nagata K, Tsuruo T. Glucose-regulated stresses confer resistance to VP-16 in human cancer cells through a decreased expression of DNA topoisomerase II. Oncol Res 1995;7:583-90.
- Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M, et al. Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: A 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2113-23. PubMed
- Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Asthma exacerbation associated with glucosamine-chondroitin supplement. J Am Board Fam Pract 2002;15:481-4..
- Scroggie DA, Albright A, Harris MD. The effect of glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2003; PubMed
- Hoffer LJ, Kaplan LN, Hamadeh MJ, et al. Sulfate could mediate the therapeutic effect of glucosamine sulfate. Metabolism 2001;50:767-70.. PubMed
- Yu JG, Boies SM, Olefsky JM. The effect of oral glucosamine sulfate on insulin sensitivity in human subjects. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1941-2. PubMed
- Danao-Camara T. Potential side effects of treatment with glucosamine and chondroitin. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:2853. PubMed
- Guillaume MP, Peretz A. Possible association between glucosamine treatment and renal toxicity: comment on the letter by Danao-Camara. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2943-4. PubMed
- Rozenfeld V, Crain JL, Callahan AK. Possible augmentation of warfarin effect by glucosamine-chondroitin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:306-307. PubMed
- Tannis AJ, Barban J, Conquer JA. Effect of glucosamine supplementation on fasting and non-fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy individuals. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004;12:506-11. PubMed
- Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
- Stumpf JL, Lin SW. Effect of glucosamine on glucose control. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:694-8. PubMed
- Pham T, Cornea A, Blick KE, et al. Oral glucosamine in doses used to treat osteoarthritis worsens insulin resistance. Am J Med Sci 2007;333:333-9. PubMed
- Muniyappa R, Karne RJ, Hall G, et al. Oral glucosamine for 6 weeks at standard doses does not cause or worsen insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction in lean or obese subjects. Diabetes 2006;55:3142-50. PubMed
- Knudsen J, Sokol GH. Potential glucosamine-warfarin interaction resulting in increased international normalized ratio: Case report and review of the literature and MedWatch database. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:540-8. PubMed
- Yue QY, Strandell J, Myrberg O. Concomitant use of glucosamine potentiates the effect of warfarin. Jan 2006. Drug Safety 29(10):911-1010. DOI
- Rozendaal RM, Koes BW, van Osch GJVM, et al. Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:268-77. PubMed
- Baron AD, Zhu JS, Zhu JH, et al. Glucosamine induces insulin resistance in vivo by affecting GLUT 4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Implications for glucose toxicity. J Clin Invest 1995;96(6):2792-801. PubMed
- Nelson BA, Robinson KA, Buse MG. High glucose and glucosamine induce insulin resistance via different mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes 2000;49(6):981-91. PubMed
- Giordano N, Fioravanti A, Papakostas P, et al. The efficacy and tolerability of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2009;70(3):185-196. PubMed
- Shaygannejad, V., Janghorbani, M., Savoj, M. R., and Ashtari, F. Effects of adjunct glucosamine sulfate on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis progression: preliminary findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurol Res 2010;32(9):981-985. PubMed
- Cahlin, B. J. and Dahlstrom, L. No effect of glucosamine sulfate on osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joints--a randomized, controlled, short-term study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;112(6):760-766. PubMed
- Cerda C, Bruguera M, Parés A. Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(32):5381-4. PubMed
- Hochberg MC, Martel-Pelletier J, Monfort J, Möller I, Castillo JR, Arden N,Berenbaum F, Blanco FJ, Conaghan PG, Doménech G, Henrotin Y, Pap T, Richette P, Sawitzke A, du Souich P, Pelletier JP; on behalf of the MOVES Investigation Group. Combined chondroi
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