Prostate Health Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Prostate Health against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Prostate Health is a dietary supplement by Sundown Naturals with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for zinc deficiency, immune support, cold symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 401 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Saw Palmetto, Nettle, Zinc. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Prostate Health by Sundown Naturals
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Prostate Health by Sundown Naturals — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Prostate Health by Sundown Naturals
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Partial disclosure
Sundown Naturals Prostate Health contains four active ingredients: zinc, saw palmetto, pygeum, and stinging nettle (collectively part of an herbal complex blend). Zinc is a mineral involved in immune function and wound healing; saw palmetto is a botanical extract traditionally used for prostate health; pygeum is another plant extract also studied for prostate and urinary symptoms; and nettle is an herb with several traditional uses.
The capsule also contains gelatin as an inactive ingredient.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
Zinc is effective for zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease, a rare genetic copper-storage disorder. It's possibly effective for acne, a skin condition called acrodermatitis enteropathica, age-related macular degeneration (an eye condition), and diabetes — though the evidence for these is not conclusive.
Saw palmetto is possibly ineffective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) and possibly effective for TURP (a prostate procedure); evidence for chronic bronchitis and hair loss is insufficient. Pygeum is likely effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia but evidence is insufficient for Alzheimer disease, malaria, sexual desire, or psychosis.
Nettle is possibly effective for diabetes but evidence is insufficient for allergic rhinitis, anemia, asthma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and gingivitis.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Zinc is generally well tolerated at recommended doses (below the tolerable upper intake level of 40 mg daily for adults), but high doses can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and a metallic taste. Long-term high-dose zinc may increase the risk of copper deficiency, which can lead to anemia and low white blood cell count.
Saw palmetto is generally well tolerated but occasionally causes abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, nausea, or decreased libido; rare cases of heart rhythm problems and blood pressure changes have been reported. Pygeum is generally well tolerated short-term, though quality and long-term safety data are limited; nausea and abdominal pain have occurred but at rates similar to placebo.
Nettle is generally well tolerated when used as directed, with constipation and diarrhea the most common oral side effects; a rare case of liver injury has been reported. For pregnancy and lactation: Zinc is likely safe in pregnancy and likely safe while breastfeeding.
Saw palmetto is likely unsafe in both — avoid it due to possible hormone effects and lack of safety data. Pygeum has no established safe use in pregnancy and should be avoided while breastfeeding due to insufficient data.
Nettle is likely unsafe in pregnancy; safety during breastfeeding has not been established, so avoid it unless you talk with your doctor first.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you use any antibiotic (especially quinolones, tetracyclines, or cephalexin), blood thinner or antiplatelet drug (like warfarin or aspirin), HIV medication, hormonal birth control or estrogen therapy, diabetes medication, diuretic (water pill), or lithium — all carry moderate-severity interactions with one or more ingredients in this supplement.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product may appeal to men interested in prostate health support, particularly those taking pygeum or nettle for their possibly effective or likely effective roles in benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, if you take any antibiotic, blood thinner, HIV medication, diabetes drug, diuretic, lithium, or hormonal contraceptive, you should discuss this product with your doctor or pharmacist before starting — the interactions are real and could affect how well your medications work.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid saw palmetto and nettle, and should talk with their doctor about zinc and pygeum safety before use.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 26, 2011.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Prostate Health, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Sundown Naturals |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 030768009656 |
| Net contents | 75 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 26, 2011 |
| DSLD ID | 1078 |
| Product type | Botanical With Nutrients |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult Male (18-50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Prostate Health by Sundown Naturals, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Zinc | 5 mg | 33% |
| Saw Palmetto | 450 mg | -- |
| Pygeum | 0 NP | -- |
| Herbal Complex Blend (Herb/Botanical) | 100 mg | -- |
| Nettle | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Gelatin
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
HERBAL SUPPLEMENT
Formula
with Saw Palmetto and Zinc
Supports Men's Prostate and Urinary Health*
Precautions
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. STORE IN A DRY PLACE AND AVOID EXCESSIVE HEAT. TAMPER RESISTANT: DO NOT USE IF SEAL UNDER CAP IS BROKEN OR MISSING.
WARNING: This product is intended for use by men and is not intended for use by women. If you are taking any medications, consult your doctor before use. Discontinue use and consult your doctor if any adverse reactions occur. Not intended for use by persons under the age of 18.
General Statements
+Sundown Naturals' Whole Herb products utilize ground plant parts to provide the natural components in the amounts found in nature.
GUARANTEED QUALITY LABORATORY TESTED
PLEASE RECYCLE
Smart Facts Sundown's Prostate Health formula is specially designed to support prostate and urinary health in men.* Saw Palmetto is the leading herb for men's health, especially in later years.* With the added benefits of Zinc, Nettle and Pygeum, Sundown's Prostate Health formula promotes male reproductive health.*
Whole Herb Blend+
Brand IP Statement(s)
2009
General
Prod. No. 44681 06E B44882 MZJ
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
DIRECTIONS: FOR ADULT MEN, TAKE (2) CAPSULES ONE TO THREE TIMES DAILY, PREFERABLY WITH A MEAL. As a reminder, discuss the supplements and medication you take with your health care providers.
Formulation
No Artificial Color, Flavor or Sweetener, No Preservatives, No Sugar, No Starch, No Milk, No Lactose, No Soy, No Gluten, No Wheat, No Yeast, No Fish, Sodium Free.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Prostate Health by Sundown Naturals label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Prostate Health by Sundown Naturals
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container37 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Zinc
Interacts with67 drugs
Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...
Zinc monograph & interactionsSaw Palmetto
Interacts with174 drugs
Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no bett...
Saw Palmetto monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Prostate Health by Sundown Naturals Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Sundown Naturals Prostate Health contains four active ingredients — zinc, saw palmetto, pygeum, and nettle — and the combination carries documented interactions with a substantial number of medications.
The most serious concern is zinc's moderate-severity interaction with quinolone antibiotics (like ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin), which can reduce antibiotic levels by forming complexes in your stomach and lowering how much your body absorbs. This same chelation problem affects tetracycline antibiotics, cephalexin, and penicillamine in similar ways.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Zinc also interacts moderately with HIV medications — ritonavir, integrase inhibitors, and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide — by reducing their blood levels. It may theoretically interfere with cisplatin (a chemotherapy drug) as well.
Saw palmetto carries moderate interactions with estrogens and hormonal contraceptives (it may reduce their effectiveness) and with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (it may increase bleeding risk). Nettle, the fourth ingredient, has moderate interactions with diabetes medications, diuretics, lithium, and warfarin — potentially making blood sugar harder to control, altering lithium levels, and reducing warfarin's anticoagulant effect.
Pygeum, the second ingredient, shows no interactions in our data. Altogether, these interactions span 401 individual medications.
Before you start this product, check your exact prescriptions with the interaction search tool on this page, and discuss the results with your doctor or pharmacist.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Prostate Health?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Prostate Health interact with 401 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 4 ingredients in Prostate Health interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Saw Palmetto Nettle Zinc
AbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Abciximab interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle + Acarbose interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, IbuprofenCombogesic
How Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interactionAcetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES
How Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle + Acetazolamide interactionAcetohexamideDymelor
How Acetohexamide interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle + Acetohexamide interactionAcetylsalicylic AcidEntrophen
How Acetylsalicylic Acid interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionAlbiglutideTanzeum
How Albiglutide interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle + Albiglutide interactionAlogliptinNesina
How Alogliptin interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle + Alogliptin interactionAlogliptin, MetforminKazano
How Alogliptin, Metformin interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionAlogliptin, PioglitazoneOseni
How Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interactionAlteplase, TpaActilyse, Activase
How Alteplase, Tpa interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Alteplase, Tpa interactionAluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin Codeine #2
How Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin
How Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Prostate Health — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionZincAmiloride (midamor) Minor
Interaction Summary
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Read the full Zinc + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle + Ammonium Chloride interactionAmphotericin, TetracyclineMysteclin-F
How Amphotericin, Tetracycline interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ZincTetracycline Antibiotics Moderate
Interaction Summary
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Zinc + Amphotericin, Tetracycline interactionAnacaulase-bcdbNexoBrid
How Anacaulase-bcdb interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionAnagrelideAgrylin
How Anagrelide interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Anagrelide interactionAnisindioneMiradon
How Anisindione interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Anisindione interactionAntidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) InhibitorGlyxambi
How Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
NettleAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionAntithrombin IiiThrombate III
How Antithrombin Iii interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Antithrombin Iii interactionApixabanEliquis
How Apixaban interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Apixaban interactionArgatrobanArgatroban
How Argatroban interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Argatroban interactionAspirinAngettes 75, ASA, Asaphen, Aspirin, Caprin, Cartia +8 more
How Aspirin interacts with Prostate Health — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw PalmettoAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto + Aspirin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Prostate Health with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Saw Palmetto
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Contraceptive Drugs
Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.
Estrogens
Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.
Nettle
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that stinging nettle might decrease blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that the above ground parts and roots of stinging nettle may have a diuretic effect.
Lithium
Theoretically, stinging nettle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that stinging nettle has diuretic and natriuretic properties, which could alter the excretion of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
There is some concern that stinging nettle might decrease the effects of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin.
Stinging nettle contains a significant amount of vitamin K. When taken in large quantities, this might interfere with the activity of warfarin.
Zinc
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.
Integrase Inhibitors
Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.
Amiloride (Midamor)
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.
Atazanavir (Reyataz)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Prostate Health, from the product label.
Prostate Health by Sundown Naturals: Common Questions
Does Prostate Health by Sundown Naturals interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
What is zinc in this product used for?
Is saw palmetto actually effective for prostate problems?
What are the most common side effects of this product?
Can I take this product if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
What's the difference between saw palmetto and pygeum — why are both in here?
If I'm on a blood thinner like warfarin, can I use this?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Prostate Health is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Prostate Health’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Zinc
Interacts with 67 drugsZinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...
Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monographSaw Palmetto
Interacts with 174 drugsSaw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...
Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph → Herb & supplement monographPygeum
Pygeum is an extract from the bark of the African cherry tree that is most often used to ease urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate. Some studies suggest modest benefit for these s...
Read the full Pygeum monograph → Herb & supplement monographStinging Nettle
Interacts with 164 drugsStinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence is mixed and mostly preliminary, so it i...
Read the full Stinging Nettle monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Prostate Health's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 136 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Zinc 88 references
- Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
- Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
- Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
- Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
- Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
- Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
- Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
- Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
- Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
- Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
- Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
- Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
- Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
- Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
- Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
- Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
- Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
- Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
- Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
- Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
- Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
- Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
- Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
- Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
- Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
- Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. PubMed
- Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
- Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. PubMed
- Polk RE, Healy DP, Sahai J, et al. Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:1841-4. PubMed
- Mery C, Delrieu F, Ghozlan R, et al. Controlled trial of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Dose effect and the role of zinc. Scand J Rheumatol 1976;5:241-7. PubMed
- Penttila O, Hurme H, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of zinc sulfate on the absorption of tetracycline and doxycycline in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1975;9:131-4.
- Kondo Y, Yamagata K, Satoh M, et al. Optimal administration schedule of cisplatin for bladder tumor with minimal induction of metallothionein. J Urol 2003;170:2467-70. PubMed
- Doz F, Berens ME, Deschepper CF, et al. Experimental basis for increasing the therapeutic index of cis-diamminedicarboxylatocyclobutaneplatinum(II) in brain tumor therapy by a high-zinc diet. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992;29:219-26.
- Wester PO. Urinary zinc excretion during treatment with different diuretics. Acta Med Scand 1980;208:209-12. PubMed
- Golik A, Modai D, Weissgarten J, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride causes excessive urinary zinc excretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;42:42-4. PubMed
- Leary WP, Reyes AJ, Van der Byl K. Urinary magnesium and zinc excretion after two different single doses of amiloride in healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1983;34:205-16.
- McBride K, Slotnick B, Margolis FL. Does intranasal application of zinc sulfate produce anosmia in the mouse? An olfactometric and anatomical study. Chem Senses 2003;28:659-70. PubMed
- Burd GD. Morphological study of the effects of intranasal zinc sulfate irrigation on the mouse olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Microsc Res Tech 1993;24:195-213. PubMed
- Ducray A, Bondier JR, Michel G, et al. Recovery following peripheral destruction of olfactory neurons in young and adult mice. Eur J Neurosci 2002;15:1907-17. PubMed
- Mayer AD, Rosenblatt JS. Peripheral olfactory deafferentation of the primary olfactory system in rats using ZnSO4 nasal spray with special reference to maternal behavior. Physiol Behav 1993;53:587-92. PubMed
- DeCook CA, Hirsch AR. Anosmia due to inhalational zinc: a case report (abstract). Chem Senses 2000;25:659.
- Tisdall FF, Brown A, Defries RD. Persistent anosmia following zinc sulfate nasal spraying. JPed 1938;18:60-2. DOI
- Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. PubMed
- Public Health Advisory. Loss of sense of smell with intranasal cold remedies containing zinc. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm166059.htm (Accessed 16 June 2009)
- Dooren JC. FDA warns against use of Zicam. The Wall Street Journal, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124516778692319231.html#mod=djemHL?mg=com-wsj (Accessed 16 June 2009).
- Alexander TH, Davidson TM. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope 2006;116:217-20.
- Health Canada / GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare. Association of long-term, excessive use of zinc-containing Poli-Grip products with myeloneuropathy and blood dyscrasias. February 18, 2010. Available at: http://hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/alt_formats/pdf/medef
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Advisory. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) warns about a potential health risk associated with long-term, excessive use of GSK's zinc-containing denture adhesives Super Polygrip Original, Ultra Fresh and Extra Care. February 18, 2010. Availa
- Science M, Johnstone J, Roth DE, et al. Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 2012;184:E551-61. PubMed
- Castilla-Higuero, L., Romero-Gomez, M., Suarez, E., and Castro, M. Acute hepatitis after starting zinc therapy in a patient with presymptomatic Wilson's disease. Hepatology 2000;32(4 Pt 1):877. PubMed
- Sharquie, K. E., Najim, R. A., Farjou, I. B., and Al Timimi, D. J. Oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin.Exp.Dermatol. 2001;26(1):21-26. PubMed
- Dreno, B., Moyse, D., Alirezai, M., Amblard, P., Auffret, N., Beylot, C., Bodokh, I., Chivot, M., Daniel, F., Humbert, P., Meynadier, J., and Poli, F. Multicenter randomized comparative double-blind controlled clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of
- Moore, R. Bleeding gastric erosion after oral zinc sulphate. Br.Med J 3-25-1978;1(6115):754. PubMed
- Jafek, B. W., Linschoten, M. R., and Murrow, B. W. Anosmia after intranasal zinc gluconate use. Am J Rhinol. 2004;18(3):137-141. DOI
- Simonart, T. and de, Maertelaer, V. Systemic treatments for cutaneous warts: a systematic review. J Dermatolog.Treat. 2012;23(1):72-77. PubMed
- Cochran, R. J., Tucker, S. B., and Flannigan, S. A. Topical zinc therapy for acne vulgaris. Int.J Dermatol. 1985;24(3):188-190. DOI
- Morgan, A. A. Bleeding gastric erosion after oral zinc sulphate. Br.Med.J. 5-13-1978;1(6122):1283-1284. PubMed
- Murphy, J. V. Intoxication following ingestion of elemental zinc. JAMA 6-22-1970;212(12):2119-2120.
- Lang, C. J., Rabas-Kolominsky, P., Engelhardt, A., Kobras, G., and Konig, H. J. Fatal deterioration of Wilson's disease after institution of oral zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. 1993;50(10):1007-1008. PubMed
- Fjellner, B. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus aggravated by oral zinc therapy. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1979;59(4):368-370. DOI
- Varas Lorenzo, M. J. Zinc acexamate and ranitidine in the short- and mid-term management of gastroduodenal ulcers. Curr Ther Res 21986;39:19-29.
- Bosch, F. and Jimenez, E. Post-marketing surveillance of zinc acexamate in peptic ulcer treatment. Clin Trials J 1990;27:301-312.
- DeCook, C. A. and Hirsch, A. R. Anosmia due to inhalational zinc: a case report (abstract). Chem Senses 2000;25:659.
- Crown LA, May JA. Zinc toxicity: denture adhesives, bone marrow failure and polyneuropathy. Tenn Med. 2012 Feb;105(2):39-40, 42.
- Dadamio J, Van Tournout M, Teughels W, Dekeyser C, Coucke W, Quirynen M. Efficacy of different mouthrinse formulations in reducing oral malodour: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 May;40(5):505-13. PubMed
- Moyle G, Else L, Jackson A, Back D, Yapa MH, Seymour N, Ringner-Nackter L, Karolia Z, Gazzard B, Boffito M. Coadministration of atazanavir-ritonavir and zinc sulfate: impact on hyperbilirubinemia and pharmacokinetics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Aug PubMed
- Zittel S, Ufer F, Gerloff C, Münchau A, Rosenkranz M. Severe myelopathy after denture cream use--is copper deficiency or excess zinc the cause? Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2014 Jun;121:17-8. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Drug Interactions between Integrase Inhibitors and Other Drugs. AIDSinfo. July 14, 2016. Available at: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/1/adult-and-adolescen
- Ding Y, Jia YY, Li F, et al. The effect of staggered administration of zinc sulfate on the pharmacokinetics of oral cephalexin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;73(3):422-7. PubMed
- Fallah R, Sabbaghzadegan S, Karbasi SA, Binesh F. Efficacy of zinc sulfate supplement on febrile seizure recurrence prevention in children with normal serum zinc level: A randomised clinical trial. Nutrition. 2015;31(11-12):1358-61. PubMed
- Lazzerini M, Wanzira H. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD005436. PubMed
- Mahmoud AM, Al-Alem U, Dabbous F, et al. Zinc intake and risk of prostate cancer: Case-control study and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165956. PubMed
- Nagraj SK, George RP, Shetty N, Levenson D, Ferraiolo DM, Shrestha A. Interventions for managing taste disturbances. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 20;12(12):CD010470. PubMed
- Yee BE, Richards P, Sui JY, Marsch AF. Serum zinc levels and efficacy of zinc treatment in acne vulgaris: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther. 2020:e14252. PubMed
- Janyajirawong R, Vilaichone RK, Sethasine S. Efficacy of zinc supplement in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A prospective, randomized controlled study (Zinc-MHE Trial). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021;22(9):2879-2887. PubMed
- Nakano M, Nakamura Y, Miyazaki A, Takahashi J. Zinc pharmacotherapy for elderly osteoporotic patients with zinc deficiency in a clinical setting. Nutrients 2021;13(6):1814. PubMed
- Tolino E, Skroza N, Mambrin A, et al. An open-label study comparing oral zinc to lymecycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2021;14(5):56-58.
- Hunter J, Arentz S, Goldenberg J, et al. Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11):e047474. PubMed
- Yamazaki K, Kageyama H, Fujiyama T, Ito T, Urano S, Honda T. A case of systemic contact dermatitis due to zinc supplements. Int J Dermatol 2022. PubMed
- Magham K, Han J, Eilbert W, Bunney EB. Severe copper deficiency anemia caused by zinc supplement use. Am J Emerg Med 2023;72:222. PubMed
- Sivakumar RR, Chinnaiah Govindareddy D, Sahoo J, Bobby Z, Chinnakali P. Effect of daily zinc supplementation for 12 weeks on serum thyroid auto-antibody levels in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis - a randomized controlled trial. J Pedi PubMed
- AlDhasee O, AlMalki H, AlKharashi N, AlJeraisy N, Al Deeb M. Acute zinc sulfate overdose: clinical presentation and management. BMJ Case Rep 2025;18(1):e263899. PubMed
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Biktarvy Prescribing Information. October 2024. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/210251Orig1s020lbl.pdf. Accessed July 16, 2025.
Saw Palmetto 22 references
- Wilt TJ, Ishani A, Stark G, et al. Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. JAMA 1998;280:1604-9. PubMed
- Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia: a randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Prostate 1996;29:231-40. DOI
- Di Silverio F, D'Eramo G, Lubrano C, et al. Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays an antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients. Eur Urol 1992;21:309-14. PubMed
- Stepanov VN, Siniakova LA, Sarrazin B, Raynaud JP. Efficacy and tolerability of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a double-blind comparison of two dosage regimens. Adv Ther 1999;16:231-41.
- Cheema P, El-Mefty O, Jazieh AR. Intraoperative haemorrhage associated with the use of extract of Saw Palmetto herb: a case report and review of literature. J Intern Med 2001;250:167-9. PubMed
- Jibrin I, Erinle A, Saidi A, Aliyu ZY. Saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South Med J 2006;99:611-2. PubMed
- Prager N, Bickett K, French N, Marcovici G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Altern Complement Med 2002
- Avins AL, Bent S, Staccone S, et al. A detailed safety assessment of a saw palmetto extract. Complement Ther Med 2008;16:147-54. PubMed
- Morgia, G., Mucciardi, G., Gali, A., Madonia, M., Marchese, F., Di, Benedetto A., Romano, G., Bonvissuto, G., Castelli, T., Macchione, L., and Magno, C. Treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome category IIIA with Serenoa repens plus
- Aliaev, IuG, Vinarov, A. Z., Lokshin, K. L., and Spivak, L. G. [Efficiency and safety of prostamol-Uno in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis]. Urologiia. 2006;(1):47-50.
- Agbabiaka, T. B., Pittler, M. H., Wider, B., and Ernst, E. Serenoa repens (saw palmetto): a systematic review of adverse events. Drug Saf 2009;32(8):637-647. PubMed
- Wargo, K. A., Allman, E., and Ibrahim, F. A possible case of saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South.Med.J. 2010;103(7):683-685. PubMed
- Lapi, F., Gallo, E., Giocaliere, E., Vietri, M., Baronti, R., Pieraccini, G., Tafi, A., Menniti-Ippolito, F., Mugelli, A., Firenzuoli, F., and Vannacci, A. Acute liver damage due to Serenoa repens: a case report. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69(5):558-560.
- Mantovani, F. Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hypertrophy: analysis of 2 Italian studies. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 2010;62(4):335-340.
- Hanaka, M., Yoshii, C., Yatera, K., Ito, C., Chojin, Y., Nagata, S., Yamasaki, K., Nishida, C., Kawanami, T., Kawanami, Y., Ishimoto, H., and Mukae, H. [A case of rhabdomyolysis caused by saw palmetto of healthy foods]. J.UOEH. 6-1-2012;34(2):193-199. PubMed
- Miroddi, M., Carni, A., Mannucci, C., Moleti, M., Navarra, M., and Calapai, G. Hot flashes in a young girl: a wake-up call concerning Serenoa repens use in children. Pediatrics 2012;130(5):e1374-e1376.
- Braeckman J. The extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicenter open study. Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(7):776-785. DOI
- Jipescu D, Patel A, Bohra H, Pientka A. Rare case of saw palmetto induced heart block. JACC 2017;69(11) supplement:2310.
- Morabito P, Miroddi M, Giovinazzo S, Spina E, Calapai G. Serenoa repens as an endocrine disruptor in a 10-year-Old young girl: a new case report. Pharmacology. 2015;96(1-2):41-3. doi: 10.1159/000431327.
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- Venkateswaran S, Declet-Bauzo R, Shodeinde M, Gilford P. Postoperative Retroperitoneal Hematoma: A Case of Saw Palmetto and the Importance of Primary Care Intervention. HCA Healthc J Med 2020;1(5):279-282. PubMed
Pygeum 3 references
- Ishani A, MacDonald R, Nelson D, et al. Pygeum africanum for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis. Am J Med 2000;109:654-64.. PubMed
- Wilt T, Ishani A, Mac Donald R, et al. Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;CD001044.. PubMed
- Andro M and Riffaud J. Pygeum africanum extract for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review of 25 years of published experience. Curr Ther Res 1995;56(8):796-817. DOI
Stinging Nettle 23 references
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- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
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- Mittman P. Randomized, double-blind study of freeze-dried Urtica dioica in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Planta Med 1990;56:44-7.
- Vontobel HP, Herzog R, Rutishauser G, Kres H. [Results of a double-blind study on the effectiveness of ERU (extractum radicis Urticae) capsules in conservative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. (Abstract). Urologe A 1985;24:49-51.
- Randall C, Randall H, Dobbs F, et al. Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain. J R Soc Med 2000;93:305-9. PubMed
- Caliskaner Z, Karaayvaz M, Ozturk S. Misuse of a herb: stinging nettle (Urtica urens) induced severe tongue oedema. Complement Ther Med 2004;12:57-8. PubMed
- Krzeski, T., Kazon, M., Borkowski, A., Witeska, A., and Kuczera, J. Combined extracts of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses. Clin Ther 1993;15(6):1011-1020.
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- Sahin, M., Yilmaz, H., Gursoy, A., Demirel, A. N., Tutuncu, N. B., and Guvener, N. D. Gynaecomastia in a man and hyperoestrogenism in a woman due to ingestion of nettle (Urtica dioica). N.Z.Med.J. 2007;120(1265):U2803.
- Randall, C., Dickens, A., White, A., Sanders, H., Fox, M., and Campbell, J. Nettle sting for chronic knee pain: a randomised controlled pilot study. Complement Ther.Med. 2008;16(2):66-72. PubMed
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- Oliver, F., Amon, E. U., Breathnach, A., Francis, D. M., Sarathchandra, P., Black, A. K., and Greaves, M. W. Contact urticaria due to the common stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)-- histological, ultrastructural and pharmacological studies. Clin Exp Dermato PubMed
- Kulze, A. and Greaves, M. Contact urticaria caused by stinging nettles. Br.J Dermatol. 1988;119(2):269-270. PubMed
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- Niazi B, Ahmed K, Ahmed M, Ali S, Song K, Elias S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury from Herbal Liver Detoxification Tea. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2022;16(3):612-617. PubMed
- Nnamani I, Tolu-Akinnawo O, Dufera RR, Akintunde A, Maliakkal B. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy)-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Review. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39793. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
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