Prostinex Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by PurMEDICA
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Prostinex against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Prostinex is a dietary supplement by PurMEDICA with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart health, prostate health, antioxidant support.Based on those ingredients, 401 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Saw Palmetto berry extract, Nettle (Utica dioica) root extract, Lycopene. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Prostinex by PurMEDICA
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AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Prostinex by PurMEDICA
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Prostinex contains six active ingredients. Lycopene is a carotenoid antioxidant from tomatoes and other red fruits.
Zinc is an essential mineral that supports immune function and wound healing. Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed oil is traditionally used for urinary and prostate health.
Saw palmetto berry extract is a plant used for prostate concerns. Pygeum africanum bark extract is another botanical for prostate support.
Nettle (Urtica dioica) root extract is used for urinary and prostate health. The product also contains inactive ingredients including soybean oil, beeswax, lecithin, caramel color, water, and gelatin capsules.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
For prostate-related concerns, the evidence is mixed. Saw palmetto and pumpkin seed oil are both rated possibly effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and pygeum is rated likely effective for BPH.
Lycopene is possibly effective for prostate cancer prevention. Nettle root extract has insufficient reliable evidence for BPH at this time.
Zinc is effective for zinc deficiency itself and possibly effective for diabetes. The other uses listed in the data—such as lycopene for bladder cancer or diabetes, pumpkin for androgenic alopecia, and nettle for conditions like hay fever—either show insufficient evidence or are rated possibly ineffective, meaning the data doesn't currently support those claims.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
The ingredients are generally well tolerated at recommended doses. Lycopene from supplements may cause gastrointestinal side effects like diarrhea, nausea, or abdominal distension.
Zinc is well tolerated below the upper safe intake level of 40 mg daily for adults; higher doses can cause nausea, diarrhea, and metallic taste, and there's long-term concern about copper deficiency with high-dose use. Pumpkin seed oil may cause mild abdominal discomfort, nausea, or diarrhea.
Saw palmetto is generally well tolerated with mild, reversible side effects like abdominal pain, diarrhea, or dizziness; rare cases of heart rhythm changes have been reported. Pygeum causes nausea and abdominal pain in some trials at rates similar to placebo.
Nettle root extract is generally well tolerated, though a case of drug-induced liver disease has been reported with herbal supplements containing nettle. Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety varies by ingredient: lycopene supplements lack sufficient study in pregnancy and lactation; pumpkin seed oil concentrated supplements are not well studied in either; saw palmetto and nettle root are advised against in both pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient safety data; and pygeum is best avoided in both.
Zinc is rated likely safe in both pregnancy and lactation at normal amounts.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking Prostinex, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel)—lycopene, saw palmetto, and nettle may increase bleeding risk. If you take diabetes medications, diuretics, lithium, estrogens, contraceptives, quinolone or tetracycline antibiotics, cephalexin, penicillamine, ritonavir, cisplatin, integrase inhibitors like bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, or the HIV combination bictarvy, zinc and other ingredients may reduce their effectiveness or raise their levels.
Timing zinc away from antibiotics (at least 2 hours before or 4–6 hours after) and lithium-containing supplements away from pumpkin or nettle may help, but speak with your pharmacist about your specific regimen.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Prostinex is designed for men concerned about prostate and urinary health, combining ingredients with some evidence for benign prostatic hyperplasia. If you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, diuretics, lithium, or certain antibiotics, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product—several ingredients can interact with these drugs.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should talk with their healthcare provider, as safety data on most of these ingredients at supplement doses is limited or advises against use. If you have no contraindications and want to try it, discuss your individual health picture with your own doctor or pharmacist first.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 25, 2019.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Prostinex, straight from the product label.
| Brand | PurMEDICA |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 60 Softgel(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Apr 25, 2019 |
| DSLD ID | 200354 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Softgel Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult Male (18-50 Years), Dairy Free, Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Prostinex by PurMEDICA, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Lycopene | 1 mg | -- |
| Zinc | 5 mg | 33% |
| Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed oil | 40 mg | -- |
| Saw Palmetto berry extract | 80 mg | -- |
| Pygeum africanum bark extract | 25 mg | -- |
| Nettle (Utica dioica) root extract | 75 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Capsules, Soybean Oil, Beeswax, Lecithin, Caramel color, Water
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: As a dietary supplement, adults take one (1) softgel capsule, up to four (4) times daily with meals, or as directed by a health care professional.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place and away from direct light.
Precautions
Keep out of reach of children
Contains soy. Manufactured on equipment that processes peanuts. May contain traces of peanuts.
Formula
Our Saw Palmetto Pygeum Plus Softgels are made with the highest quality European Standardized Extracts of Saw Palmetto and Pygeum. Pumpkin Seed Oil, Nettle Root Extract, Lycopene and L-OptiZinc work synergistically to enhance the proven benefits of Saw Palmetto and Pygeum.
From L-OptiZinc, a patented form of zinc. L-OptiZinc is a trademark of Inter-Health Company.
Prostate support
Contains soy.
General Statements
Quality and potency guaranteed.
Naturally healthy
Formulation
Contains No sugar, salt, dairy, yeast, wheat, corn, preservatives, artificial colors or flavors.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease
Seals/Symbols
Made in USA
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Prostinex by PurMEDICA label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Prostinex by PurMEDICA
These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Softgel Capsule(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Lycopene
Interacts with122 drugs
Lycopene is a red plant pigment and antioxidant found mainly in tomatoes and other red fruits. Eating lycopene-rich foods is linked with possible hear...
Lycopene monograph & interactionsZinc
Interacts with67 drugs
Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...
Zinc monograph & interactionsPumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed oil
Interacts with1 drug
Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The...
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed oil monograph & interactionsSaw Palmetto berry extract
Interacts with174 drugs
Saw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no bett...
Saw Palmetto berry extract monograph & interactionsPygeum africanum bark extract
No knowninteractions
Pygeum is an extract from the bark of the African cherry tree that is most often used to ease urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate. Some st...
Pygeum africanum bark extract monograph & interactionsNettle (Utica dioica) root extract
Interacts with164 drugs
Stinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence...
Nettle (Utica dioica) root extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Capsules, Soybean Oil, Beeswax, Lecithin, Caramel color, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Prostinex by PurMEDICA Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Prostinex by PurMEDICA contains six active ingredients, and through its lycopene, zinc, pumpkin seed oil, saw palmetto, and nettle root extract, it interacts with a number of medications.
The most serious interaction is lycopene's Moderate risk of increased bleeding when combined with blood thinners (anticoagulants) or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Zinc presents Moderate interactions with several antibiotic types — quinolones, tetracyclines, and cephalexin — which it can reduce by forming complexes in the gut; it also affects penicillamine, ritonavir, cisplatin, and integrase inhibitors (including bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) through similar mechanisms. Pumpkin seed oil and nettle root extract each carry a Moderate interaction with lithium, as both may reduce its excretion and raise its levels.
Saw palmetto has Moderate interactions with estrogens and contraceptive drugs, which it may reduce in effectiveness, and it also raises Moderate bleeding risk with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. Nettle root additionally interacts with diabetes medications (additive blood-sugar-lowering effects), diuretics, and warfarin (blood thinner), all Moderate severity.
Pygeum africanum bark extract has no documented interactions in our data. Altogether, these interactions span 401 individual medications.
Run your exact medications through the search tool on this page before you start this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Prostinex?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Prostinex interact with 401 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 6 ingredients in Prostinex interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Saw Palmetto berry extract Nettle (Utica dioica) root extract Lycopene Zinc Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed oil
AbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Abciximab interactionLycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Abciximab interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Abrocitinib interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Acarbose interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Acenocoumarol interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionLycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, IbuprofenCombogesic
How Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interactionAcetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES
How Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Acetazolamide interactionAcetohexamideDymelor
How Acetohexamide interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Acetohexamide interactionAcetylsalicylic AcidEntrophen
How Acetylsalicylic Acid interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Acetylsalicylic Acid interactionAlbiglutideTanzeum
How Albiglutide interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Albiglutide interactionAlogliptinNesina
How Alogliptin interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Alogliptin interactionAlogliptin, MetforminKazano
How Alogliptin, Metformin interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionAlogliptin, PioglitazoneOseni
How Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interactionAlteplase, TpaActilyse, Activase
How Alteplase, Tpa interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Alteplase, Tpa interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Alteplase, Tpa interactionAluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin Codeine #2
How Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionLycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin
How Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionZincAmiloride (midamor) Minor
Interaction Summary
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Read the full Zinc + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Ammonium Chloride interactionAmphotericin, TetracyclineMysteclin-F
How Amphotericin, Tetracycline interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ZincTetracycline Antibiotics Moderate
Interaction Summary
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Read the full Zinc + Amphotericin, Tetracycline interactionAnacaulase-bcdbNexoBrid
How Anacaulase-bcdb interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionLycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionAnagrelideAgrylin
How Anagrelide interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Anagrelide interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Anagrelide interactionAnisindioneMiradon
How Anisindione interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Anisindione interactionLycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Anisindione interactionAntidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) InhibitorGlyxambi
How Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interacts with Prostinex — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Nettle (utica Dioica) Root ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Nettle (utica Dioica) Root Extract + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionAntithrombin IiiThrombate III
How Antithrombin Iii interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Antithrombin Iii interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Antithrombin Iii interactionApixabanEliquis
How Apixaban interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Apixaban interactionLycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Apixaban interactionArgatrobanArgatroban
How Argatroban interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
LycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Argatroban interactionSaw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Argatroban interactionAspirinAngettes 75, ASA, Asaphen, Aspirin, Caprin, Cartia +8 more
How Aspirin interacts with Prostinex — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Saw Palmetto Berry ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Saw Palmetto Berry Extract + Aspirin interactionLycopeneAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Lycopene + Aspirin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Prostinex with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Saw Palmetto berry extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Saw palmetto might increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Saw palmetto is reported to prolong bleeding time. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Contraceptive Drugs
Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with contraceptive drugs taken concomitantly.
Estrogens
Saw palmetto might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
Saw palmetto might have antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, it might interfere with estrogens taken concomitantly.
Nettle (Utica dioica) root extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research shows that stinging nettle might decrease blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that the above ground parts and roots of stinging nettle may have a diuretic effect.
Lithium
Theoretically, stinging nettle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that stinging nettle has diuretic and natriuretic properties, which could alter the excretion of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
There is some concern that stinging nettle might decrease the effects of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin.
Stinging nettle contains a significant amount of vitamin K. When taken in large quantities, this might interfere with the activity of warfarin.
Lycopene
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking lycopene with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research shows that lycopene has antiplatelet effects.
Zinc
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.
Integrase Inhibitors
Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.
Amiloride (Midamor)
Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.
Atazanavir (Reyataz)
Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed oil
Lithium
Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Prostinex, from the product label.
PurMEDICA
See all PurMEDICA products- Name
- PurMEDICA
- Street Address
- P.O. Box 57894
- City
- Chicago
- State
- IL
- ZipCode
- 60657
- Phone Number
- (888) 754-0313
- Web Address
- www.purmedica.com
Prostinex by PurMEDICA: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Prostinex’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Lycopene
Interacts with 122 drugsLycopene is a red plant pigment and antioxidant found mainly in tomatoes and other red fruits. Eating lycopene-rich foods is linked with possible heart and prostate benefits, but evidence fr...
Read the full Lycopene monograph → Herb & supplement monographZinc
Interacts with 67 drugsZinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...
Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monographPumpkin
Interacts with 1 drugPumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...
Read the full Pumpkin monograph → Herb & supplement monographSaw Palmetto
Interacts with 174 drugsSaw palmetto is a plant extract most often used for urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate (BPH). The best research suggests it works no better than a placebo for most men, though i...
Read the full Saw Palmetto monograph → Herb & supplement monographPygeum
Pygeum is an extract from the bark of the African cherry tree that is most often used to ease urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate. Some studies suggest modest benefit for these s...
Read the full Pygeum monograph → Herb & supplement monographStinging Nettle
Interacts with 164 drugsStinging nettle is a common plant used as food and in traditional medicine, most often for prostate symptoms, allergies, and joint pain. The evidence is mixed and mostly preliminary, so it i...
Read the full Stinging Nettle monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Prostinex's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 151 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Lycopene 10 references
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- Hsiao, G., Wang, Y., Tzu, N. H., Fong, T. H., Shen, M. Y., Lin, K. H., Chou, D. S., and Sheu, J. R. Inhibitory effects of lycopene on in vitro platelet activation and in vivo prevention of thrombus formation. J Lab Clin Med 2005;146(4):216-226. PubMed
- Clark, P. E., Hall, M. C., Borden, L. S., Jr., Miller, A. A., Hu, J. J., Lee, W. R., Stindt, D., D'Agostino, R., Jr., Lovato, J., Harmon, M., and Torti, F. M. Phase I-II prospective dose-escalating trial of lycopene in patients with biochemical relapse o
- O'Kennedy, N., Crosbie, L., Whelan, S., Luther, V., Horgan, G., Broom, J. I., Webb, D. J., and Duttaroy, A. K. Effects of tomato extract on platelet function: a double-blinded crossover study in healthy humans. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2006;84(3):561-569. PubMed
- Jatoi, A., Burch, P., Hillman, D., Vanyo, J. M., Dakhil, S., Nikcevich, D., Rowland, K., Morton, R., Flynn, P. J., Young, C., and Tan, W. A tomato-based, lycopene-containing intervention for androgen-independent prostate cancer: results of a Phase II stu
- Schwenke, C., Ubrig, B., Thurmann, P., Eggersmann, C., and Roth, S. Lycopene for advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer: a prospective, open phase II pilot study. J.Urol. 2009;181(3):1098-1103. PubMed
- Banerjee, S., Jeyaseelan, S., and Guleria, R. Trial of lycopene to prevent pre-eclampsia in healthy primigravidas: results show some adverse effects. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. 2009;35(3):477-482. PubMed
- Haseen, F., Cantwell, M. M., O'Sullivan, J. M., and Murray, L. J. Is there a benefit from lycopene supplementation in men with prostate cancer? A systematic review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic.Dis. 2009;12(4):325-332. PubMed
- Ilic, D., Forbes, K. M., and Hassed, C. Lycopene for the prevention of prostate cancer. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2011;(11):CD008007. PubMed
- Sawardekar SB, Patel TC, Uchil D. Comparative evaluation of antiplatelet effect of lycopene with aspirin and the effect of their combination on platelet aggregation: an in vitro study. Indian J Pharmacol 2016;48:26-31. PubMed
Zinc 88 references
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- Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
- Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
- Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
- Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
- Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
- Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
- Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
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- Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
- Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
- Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
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- Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
- Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
- Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
- Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
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- Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
- Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
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- Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
- Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
- Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
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- Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. PubMed
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- Kondo Y, Yamagata K, Satoh M, et al. Optimal administration schedule of cisplatin for bladder tumor with minimal induction of metallothionein. J Urol 2003;170:2467-70. PubMed
- Doz F, Berens ME, Deschepper CF, et al. Experimental basis for increasing the therapeutic index of cis-diamminedicarboxylatocyclobutaneplatinum(II) in brain tumor therapy by a high-zinc diet. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992;29:219-26.
- Wester PO. Urinary zinc excretion during treatment with different diuretics. Acta Med Scand 1980;208:209-12. PubMed
- Golik A, Modai D, Weissgarten J, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride causes excessive urinary zinc excretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;42:42-4. PubMed
- Leary WP, Reyes AJ, Van der Byl K. Urinary magnesium and zinc excretion after two different single doses of amiloride in healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1983;34:205-16.
- McBride K, Slotnick B, Margolis FL. Does intranasal application of zinc sulfate produce anosmia in the mouse? An olfactometric and anatomical study. Chem Senses 2003;28:659-70. PubMed
- Burd GD. Morphological study of the effects of intranasal zinc sulfate irrigation on the mouse olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Microsc Res Tech 1993;24:195-213. PubMed
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- DeCook CA, Hirsch AR. Anosmia due to inhalational zinc: a case report (abstract). Chem Senses 2000;25:659.
- Tisdall FF, Brown A, Defries RD. Persistent anosmia following zinc sulfate nasal spraying. JPed 1938;18:60-2. DOI
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- Dooren JC. FDA warns against use of Zicam. The Wall Street Journal, June 16, 2009. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124516778692319231.html#mod=djemHL?mg=com-wsj (Accessed 16 June 2009).
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- Health Canada / GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare. Association of long-term, excessive use of zinc-containing Poli-Grip products with myeloneuropathy and blood dyscrasias. February 18, 2010. Available at: http://hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/alt_formats/pdf/medef
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Pumpkin 5 references
- Marks L, Partin AW, Epstein JI, et al. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2000;163:1451-6. DOI
- Cho YH, Lee SY, Jeong DW, et al. Effect of pumpkin seed oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:549721. PubMed
- Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, Patz B, Banik N, Engelmann U. Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study. Urol Int 2015;94(3):286-95 PubMed
- Assouly P. Hair loss associated with cucurbit poisoning. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 May 1;154(5):617-618. PubMed
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Saw Palmetto 22 references
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