SE2 Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by StemTech
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking SE2 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
SE2 is a dietary supplement by StemTech with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for fatigue and low energy, athletic performance and stamina, respiratory and lung support.Based on those ingredients, 1,329 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Polygonum multiflorum extract, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae concentrate, Cordyceps sinensis. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against SE2 by StemTech
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with SE2 by StemTech — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of SE2 by StemTech
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
StemTech SE2 is a 4-ingredient capsule. The active ingredients are cordyceps sinensis (a fungus used traditionally for energy), Aphanizomenon flos-aquae concentrate (a blue-green algae also called spirulina), Undaria pinnatifida extract (a type of seaweed), and Polygonum multiflorum extract, commonly known as fo-ti (a plant used in traditional medicine).
The product also includes StemRelease™ Proprietary Blend, a group of unnamed component ingredients. Inactive ingredients include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and silicate, which serve as capsule material and binders.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
The evidence for what this product can actually do is very limited. Cordyceps is rated possibly ineffective for athletic performance and has insufficient evidence for sexual dysfunction, heart rhythm problems, asthma, lung cancer, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Blue-green algae is rated possibly effective for high blood pressure, but insufficient evidence supports its use for acne, hay fever, anemia, or arsenic poisoning. Fo-ti has no established effectiveness ratings in our data for any condition.
Overall, you'd be looking at a supplement with minimal proven benefit.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Cordyceps is generally well tolerated for up to a year when taken by mouth, though the most common side effects are abdominal discomfort, constipation, and diarrhea—usually uncommon and often reduced by taking it after eating. One rare case of liver inflammation has been reported, though it's unclear whether cordyceps or a contaminant caused it.
Blue-green algae are generally well tolerated, but common side effects include abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhea, nausea, headache, and fatigue; rare allergic reactions including anaphylaxis have been reported, and mild gum bleeding or bruising occurred in clinical trials. Fo-ti is the biggest safety concern: it's been linked to around 450 documented cases of liver damage ranging from full recovery to cirrhosis and death, occurring at various doses and durations.
Unprocessed fo-ti commonly causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Because of these risks, fo-ti is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy and lactation; cordyceps and blue-green algae are rated best avoided in both because safety data is insufficient.
Product quality varies widely—some batches can be contaminated with toxins or heavy metals, particularly the algae ingredient.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking StemTech SE2, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners like warfarin or other anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs—cordyceps, blue-green algae, and especially fo-ti all carry Moderate risks of increased bleeding. Also flag immunosuppressants, diabetes medications, digoxin (a heart drug), sulindac, stimulant laxatives, diuretics, and any drugs processed through your liver.
If you're on any of these, this product isn't something to start without professional guidance.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This is a multi-ingredient supplement with serious documented risks—especially fo-ti's potential for liver damage and its interaction with blood thinners—and minimal proven effectiveness. If you take any blood thinners, immunosuppressants, diabetes medications, heart medications, or diuretics, or if you have any liver concerns, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before considering it.
Even without medications, the fo-ti content and variable product quality mean you'd want personalized advice from your own healthcare provider.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2014.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about SE2, straight from the product label.
| Brand | StemTech |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 857260001380 |
| Net contents | 60 Capsule(s); 550 mg |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jul 25, 2014 |
| DSLD ID | 35720 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for SE2 by StemTech, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Cordyceps sinensis | 0 NP | -- |
| StemRelease(TM) Proprietary Blend | 1100 mg | -- |
| Aphanizomenon flos-aquae concentrate | 0 NP | -- |
| Undaria pinnatifida extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Polygonum multiflorum extract | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Silicate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions
May contain Soy.
Warning: As with all dietary supplements it is recommended that you consult your physician if you are pregnant, nursing, under treatment for any illness or taking anticoagulants or other medications.
Keep out of reach of children and pets.
Do not use if safety seal is broken.
Brand IP Statement(s)
SE2(R) is a blend of patented and patent pending ingredients that supports the natural release of adult stem cells in the body, thereby assisting in the maintenance of optimal health.*
US Patents 6,814,961 / 7,651,690 / 8,034,328 / Patents Pending
General Statements
SE2 is an advanced formula of the world's first stem cell enhancer!
StemEnhance
Advanced Formula
Supports The Natural Release Of Adults Stem Cells*
Product of the U.S.A.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
Stemtech The Stem Cell Nutrition Company(R)
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: Take 2 capsules orally, 1 to 2 times daily.
Formulation
Gluten-free with no sugar, artificial colors, artificial flavors, dairy, yeast or preservatives.
Storage
Keep in a cool dry place. Do not refrigerate.
Formula
May contain Soy.
General
Rev. 1113 Item Code: 1002
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
SE2 by StemTech label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in SE2 by StemTech
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
StemRelease(TM) Proprietary Blend
- › Cordyceps sinensis
- › Aphanizomenon flos-aquae concentrate
- › Undaria pinnatifida extract
- › Polygonum multiflorum extract
Other (inactive) ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Silicate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
SE2 by StemTech Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
StemTech SE2 contains three ingredients with documented interactions: cordyceps sinensis, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae concentrate (a blue-green algae), and Polygonum multiflorum extract (fo-ti).
The most serious concern is fo-ti's potential to cause liver injury, which can dangerously increase the effects of blood thinners like warfarin—one documented case involved a patient whose INR (a measure of blood thickness) jumped to 14.98 after 90 days of fo-ti use.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Cordyceps and blue-green algae both carry Moderate-severity risks with blood thinners and immunosuppressants. Cordyceps may theoretically increase bleeding risk and interfere with drugs that suppress the immune system; blue-green algae pose similar concerns plus a risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) if you're taking diabetes medications.
Fo-ti adds Moderate risks with digoxin (a heart drug), sulindac (an anti-inflammatory), warfarin, stimulant laxatives, diuretics, and drugs processed through your liver via CYP2B6 and CYP2C8 pathways—it may raise their levels and effects, or in some cases lower them, depending on whether the fo-ti is raw or processed.
Cordyceps also carries a Minor interaction with testosterone supplements, though the clinical significance is unclear. We could not check Undaria pinnatifida extract because we hold no interaction data for it.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,330 individual medications. Use the search tool below to check your exact medications before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against SE2?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in SE2 interact with 1,329 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 4 ingredients in SE2 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Polygonum multiflorum extract Aphanizomenon flos-aquae concentrate Cordyceps sinensis
FostamatinibTavalisse
How Fostamatinib interacts with SE2 — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cordyceps SinensisImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of cordyceps might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Cordyceps Sinensis + Fostamatinib interactionPolygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Fostamatinib interactionAphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Fostamatinib interactionFostemsavir TromethamineRukobia
How Fostemsavir Tromethamine interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Fostemsavir Tromethamine interactionFruquintinibFruzaqla
How Fruquintinib interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Fruquintinib interactionFurosemideLasix
How Furosemide interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Furosemide interactionFurosemide, PotassiumDiumide-K Continus, Lasikal
How Furosemide, Potassium interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractDiuretic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Furosemide, Potassium interactionFutibatinibLytgobi
How Futibatinib interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Futibatinib interactionGalantamineRazadyne, Reminyl
How Galantamine interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Galantamine interactionGalantamine Extended ReleaseRazadyne ER
How Galantamine Extended Release interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Galantamine Extended Release interactionGanaxoloneZtalmy
How Ganaxolone interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Ganaxolone interactionGatifloxacinTequin, Tequin Injection
How Gatifloxacin interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Gatifloxacin interactionGefitinibIressa
How Gefitinib interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Gefitinib interactionGemcitabineGemzar
How Gemcitabine interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Gemcitabine interactionGemfibrozilLopid
How Gemfibrozil interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Gemfibrozil interactionGepironeExxua
How Gepirone interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Gepirone interactionGestodeneMinesse
How Gestodene interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractContraceptive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fo-ti might interfere with contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Gestodene interactionGilteritinib FumarateXospata
How Gilteritinib Fumarate interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Gilteritinib Fumarate interactionGivosiran SodiumGivlaari
How Givosiran Sodium interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Givosiran Sodium interactionGlasdegibDaurismo
How Glasdegib interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glasdegib interactionGlatiramer AcetateCopaxone
How Glatiramer Acetate interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cordyceps SinensisImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of cordyceps might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Cordyceps Sinensis + Glatiramer Acetate interactionAphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Glatiramer Acetate interactionGlecaprevir, PibrentasvirMavyret
How Glecaprevir, Pibrentasvir interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glecaprevir, Pibrentasvir interactionGliclazideDiamicron
How Gliclazide interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Gliclazide interactionAphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Gliclazide interactionGlimepirideAmaryl
How Glimepiride interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Glimepiride interactionPolygonum Multiflorum ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glimepiride interactionGlipizideGlucotrol, Glucotrol XL
How Glipizide interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Antidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glipizide interactionAphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Glipizide interactionGlipizide, MetforminMetaglip
How Glipizide, Metformin interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Antidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glipizide, Metformin interactionAphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Glipizide, Metformin interactionGlofitamab-gxbmColumvi
How Glofitamab-gxbm interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cordyceps SinensisImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of cordyceps might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Cordyceps Sinensis + Glofitamab-gxbm interactionAphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Glofitamab-gxbm interactionGlucagonBaqsimi, Glucagon
How Glucagon interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Glucagon interactionPolygonum Multiflorum ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glucagon interactionGlucoseIV Glucose
How Glucose interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glucose interactionAphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Glucose interactionGlyburideAlbert Glyburide, Diabeta, Glycron, Glynase, Glynase PresTab, Micronase +1 more
How Glyburide interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Glyburide interactionPolygonum Multiflorum ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glyburide interactionGlyburide, MetforminGlucovance
How Glyburide, Metformin interacts with SE2 — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Antidiabetes Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glyburide, Metformin interactionAphanizomenon Flos-aquae ConcentrateAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae Concentrate + Glyburide, Metformin interactionGlycopyrrolate, Indacaterol MaleateUtibron
How Glycopyrrolate, Indacaterol Maleate interacts with SE2 — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Polygonum Multiflorum ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polygonum Multiflorum Extract + Glycopyrrolate, Indacaterol Maleate interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in SE2 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Polygonum multiflorum extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Fo-ti has been linked to cases of acute liver failure which can decrease clotting factor production and increase the effects of anticoagulants. In one case, a patient who had been stable on warfarin presented with acute hepatitis and an INR elevated to 14.98. The patient had been taking fo-ti for 90 days prior to admission. Discontinuation of warfarin and fo-ti lead to a decrease in the INR and full recovery. Theoretically, concomitant use of fo-ti with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding in some patients. Until more is known, monitor patients taking fo-ti and drugs that affect bleeding.
Some of these drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), dipyridamole (Persantine), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Fo-ti reportedly has hypoglycemic effects.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fo-ti might interfere with contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti extract has estrogenic activity.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP1A2. Additionally, in vitro research suggests that the degree of CYP1A2 inhibition depends on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, in an animal study, an aqueous extract of fo-ti inhibited CYP1A2 while an alcoholic extract of fo-ti induced CYP1A2. Induction or inhibition of CYP1A2 by fo-ti has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
Animal research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP2B6. One in vitro study suggests that the degree of CYP2B6 inhibition may depend on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Animal and in vitro research suggests that fo-ti may inhibit CYP2C19. An in vitro study suggests that the degree of CYP2C19 inhibition may depend on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP2C8. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Animal and in vitro research suggests that fo-ti may inhibit CYP2C9. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Animal research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP2D6. Additionally, an in vitro study suggests that the degree of CYP2D6 inhibition may depend on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti might inhibit CYP3A4. One in vitro study suggests that the degree of CYP3A4 inhibition may depend on the type of fo-ti extract (i.e., the raw plant leads to greater inhibition than extensively processed extracts). However, this evidence conflicts with animal research suggesting that fo-ti does not inhibit CYP3A4. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of hypokalemia and cardiotoxicity when taken with digoxin.
Raw fo-ti root contains anthraquinone derivatives, which might have stimulant laxative effects. In vitro research shows that fermented and processed fo-ti root have reduced laxative effects compared with raw fo-ti root.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Raw fo-ti root contains anthraquinone derivatives, which might have stimulant laxative effects and compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. In vitro research shows that fermented and processed fo-ti root have reduced laxative effects compared with raw fo-ti root.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fo-ti might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro research suggests that fo-ti extract has estrogenic activity.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Fo-ti has been linked to liver damage in many reports.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, fo-ti, particularly raw fo-ti root, might increase the risk of fluid and electrolyte depletion when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Raw fo-ti root contains anthraquinone derivatives, which might have stimulant laxative effects. However, in vitro research shows that fermented and processed fo-ti root have reduced laxative effects compared with raw fo-ti root.
Sulindac (Clinoril)
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of sulindac.
Animal research suggests that the type of fo-ti extract might affect the levels of sulindac differently; the raw plant may increase levels, but processed parts may decrease levels. Induction or inhibition of CYP1A2 by fo-ti has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the effects and adverse effects of warfarin.
Fo-ti may have stimulant laxative effects and cause diarrhea, especially when the raw or unprocessed fo-ti root is used. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Also, fo-ti has been linked to cases of acute liver failure which can decrease clotting factor production and increase the effects of warfarin. In one case, a patient who had been stable on warfarin presented with acute hepatitis and an INR elevated to 14.98. The patient had been taking fo-ti for 90 days prior to admission. Discontinuation of warfarin and fo-ti lead to a decrease in the INR and full recovery.
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae concentrate
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, spirulina blue-green algae might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, this is unlikely.
Spirulina blue-green algae have shown antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects in vitro. However, one preliminary study in 24 patients receiving spirulina blue-green algae 2.3 grams daily for 2 weeks showed no effect on platelet activation or measures of clotting time.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking blue-green algae with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Human research shows that spirulina blue-green algae can have hypoglycemic effects in patients with diabetes, at least some of whom were using antidiabetes drugs. However, blue-green algae does not seem to improve glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of animal studies also suggests that spirulina blue-green algae have hypoglycemic effects.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, concurrent use of blue-green algae might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Blue-green algae have been shown to stimulate the immune system.
Cordyceps sinensis
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, cordyceps may increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that cordyceps extract inhibits platelet aggregation and function. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, concurrent use of cordyceps might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Animal and in vitro research suggests that cordyceps stimulates the immune system. However, limited clinical research suggests that taking cordyceps may lower the necessary therapeutic dose of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, which suggests that cordyceps may have an immunosuppressive effect.
Testosterone
Theoretically, concurrent use of cordyceps and testosterone might have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that cordyceps can increase testosterone levels. The clinical significance of this finding is unclear.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for SE2, from the product label.
StemTech
- Name
- Stemtech HealthSciences, Inc.
- City
- San Clemente
- State
- CA
- ZipCode
- 92672
- Phone Number
- 1-888-783-6832
- Web Address
- www.stemtechbiz.com
SE2 by StemTech: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind SE2’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Cordyceps
Interacts with 249 drugsCordyceps is a fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine for energy, exercise performance, and lung and immune support. Human research is limited and mostly low quality, so its benefits ar...
Read the full Cordyceps monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlue-green Algae
Interacts with 327 drugsBlue-green algae are nutrient-rich aquatic microorganisms (such as spirulina and Klamath Lake algae) taken as a supplement for energy, nutrition, and general wellness. Evidence for most heal...
Read the full Blue-green Algae monograph → Herb & supplement monographFo-ti
Interacts with 1,257 drugsFo-ti (He Shou Wu) is a root used in traditional Chinese medicine, often promoted for healthy aging and hair. High-quality human evidence for these benefits is limited, and processed Fo-ti h...
Read the full Fo-ti monograph →Sources & How We Checked
SE2's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 64 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Cordyceps 14 references
- Zhu JS, Halpern GM, Jones K. The scientific rediscovery of an ancient Chinese herbal medicine: Cordyceps sinensis: part I. J Altern Complement Med 1998;4:289-303.
- Zhu JS, Halpern GM, Jones K. The scientific rediscovery of a precious ancient Chinese herbal regimen: Cordyceps sinensis: part II. J Altern Complement Med 1998;4:429-57.
- Chen YJ, Shiao MS, Lee SS, Wang SY. Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells. Life Sci 1997;60:2349-59. PubMed
- Zhao Y. [Inhibitory effects of alcoholic extract of Cordyceps sinensis on abdominal aortic thrombus formation in rabbits]. Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 1991;71:612-5, 42.
- Chen GZ, Chen GL, Sun T, et al. Effects of Cordyceps sinensis on murine T lymphocyte subsets. Chin Med J (English) 1991;104:4-8.
- Zhu XY, Yu HY. [Immunosuppressive effect of cultured Cordyceps sinensis on cellular immune response]. Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1990;10:485-7, 454.
- Hsu, C. C., Huang, Y. L., Tsai, S. J., Sheu, C. C., and Huang, B. M. In vivo and in vitro stimulatory effects of Cordyceps sinensis on testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells. Life Sci 9-5-2003;73(16):2127-2136. PubMed
- Ikumoto, T., Sasaki, S., Namba, H., Toyama, R., Moritoki, H., and Mouri, T. [Physiologically active compounds in the extracts from tochukaso and cultured mycelia of Cordyceps and Isaria]. Yakugaku Zasshi 1991;111(9):504-509. PubMed
- Wu, T. N., Yang, K. C., Wang, C. M., Lai, J. S., Ko, K. N., Chang, P. Y., and Liou, S. H. Lead poisoning caused by contaminated Cordyceps, a Chinese herbal medicine: two case reports. Sci.Total Environ. 4-5-1996;182(1-3):193-195. PubMed
- Hong T, Zhang M, Fan J. Cordyceps sinensis (a traditional Chinese medicine) for kidney transplant recipients (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(10):CD009698. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009698.pub2.
- Zhang HW, Lin ZX, Tung YS, Kwan TH, Mok CK, Leung C, Chan LS. Cordyceps sinensis (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(12):CD008353. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008353.pub2. PubMed
- Bee Yean O, Zoriah A. Efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis as an adjunctive treatment in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Tradit Chin Med. 2019;39(1):1-14.
- Thurian D, Montani M, Stickel F. Drug-induced, mixed-type hepatitis following ingestion of Cordyceps sinensis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022;60(2):115-120. PubMed
- Yu X, Mao Y, Shergis JL, et al. Effectiveness and safety of oral Cordyceps sinensis on stable COPD of GOLD stages 2-3: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:4903671.
Blue-green Algae 22 references
- Jensen GS, Ginsberg DJ, Huerta P, et al. Consumption of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae has rapid effects on the circulation and function of immune cells in humans. A novel approach to nutritional mobilization of the immune system. JANA 2000;2:50-6.
- Iwasa M, Yamamoto M, Tanaka Y, et al. Spirulina-associated hepatotoxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:3212-13. PubMed
- Hayashi O, Katoh T, Okuwaki Y. Enhancement of antibody production in mice by dietary Spirulina platensis. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1994;40:431-41.. PubMed
- Vitale S, Miller NR, Mejico LJ, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial of super blue-green algae in patients with essential blepharospasm or Meige syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;138:18-32. PubMed
- Mani UV, Desai S, Iyer U. Studies on the long-term effect of spirulina supplementation on serum lipid profile and glycated proteins in NIDDM patients. J Nutraceut 2000;2(3):25-32. DOI
- Chiu HF, Yang SP, Kuo YL, et al. Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet effect of C-phycocyanin. Br J Nutr 2006;95:435-40. PubMed
- Hsiao G, Chou PH, Shen MY, et al. C-phycocyanin, a very potent and novel platelet aggregation inhibitor from Spirulina platensis. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:7734-40.
- Katz M, Levine AA, Kol-Degani H, Kav-Venaki L. A compound herbal preparation (CHP) in the treatment of children with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. J Atten Disord 2010;14:281-91. PubMed
- Madhyastha, H. K., Radha, K. S., Sugiki, M., Omura, S., and Maruyama, M. Purification of c-phycocyanin from Spirulina fusiformis and its effect on the induction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator from calf pulmonary endothelial cells. Phytomedicine PubMed
- Mazokopakis, E. E., Karefilakis, C. M., Tsartsalis, A. N., Milkas, A. N., and Ganotakis, E. S. Acute rhabdomyolysis caused by Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). Phytomedicine. 2008;15(6-7):525-527. PubMed
- Halidou, Doudou M., Degbey, H., Daouda, H., Leveque, A., Donnen, P., Hennart, P., and Dramaix-Wilmet, M. [The effect of spiruline during nutritional rehabilitation: systematic review]. Rev.Epidemiol.Sante Publique 2008;56(6):425-431.
- Konno, T., Umeda, Y., Umeda, M., Kawachi, I., Oyake, M., and Fujita, N. [A case of inflammatory myopathy with widely skin rash following use of supplements containing Spirulina]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2011;51(5):330-333. PubMed
- Le TM, Knulst AC, Röckmann H. Anaphylaxis to Spirulina confirmed by skin prick test with ingredients of Spirulina tablets. Food Chem Toxicol 2014;74:309-10. PubMed
- Rzymski P, Niedzielski P, Kaczmarek N, Jurczak T, Klimaszyk P. The multidisciplinary approach to safety and toxicity assessment of microalgae-based food supplements following clinical cases of poisoning. Harmful Algae 2015;46:34-42. DOI
- Petrus M, Culerrier R, Campistron M, et al. First case report of anaphylaxis to spirulin: identification of phycocyanin as responsible allergen. Allergy 2010;65(7):924-5. PubMed
- Marles RJ, Barrett ML, Barnes J, et al. United States Pharmacopeia safety evaluation of spirulina. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011;51(7):593-604. PubMed
- Majdoub H, Ben Mansour M, Chaubet F, et al. Anticoagulant activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from the green alga Arthrospira platensis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009;1790(10):1377-81. PubMed
- Cha BG, Kwak HW, Park AR, et al. Structural characteristics and biological performance of silk fibroin nanofiber containing microalgae spirulina extract. Biopolymers 2014;101(4):307-18. PubMed
- Jensen GS, Drapeau C, Lenninger M, Benson KF. Clinical safety of a high dose of phycocyanin-enriched aqueous extract from Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis: results from a randomized, double-Blind, placebo-controlled study with a focus on anticoagulant ac
- Hamedifard Z, Milajerdi A, Reiner Z, Taghizadeh M, Kolahdooz F, Asemi Z. The effects of spirulina on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized con
- Moradi S, Zobeiri M, Feizi A, Clark CCT, Entezari MH. The effects of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, sleep quality, mental health, fatigue status and quality of life in patients with ulcerative
- Ghanbari F, Amerizadeh A, Behshood P, Moradi S, Asgary S. Effect of microalgae arthrospira on biomarkers of glycemic control and glucose metabolism: a systematic Review and meta-analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022;47(10):100942. PubMed
Fo-ti 28 references
- Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
- Park GJ, Mann SP, Ngu MC. Acute hepatitis induced by Shou-Wu-Pian, a herbal product derived from Polygonum multiflorum. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;16:115-7.
- But PP, Tomlinson B, Lee KL. Hepatitis related to the Chinese medicine Shou-wu-pian manufactured from Polygonum multiflorum. Vet Hum Toxicol 1996;38:280-2.
- Oerter Klein KO, Janfaza M, Wong JA, Chang RJ. Estrogen bioactivity in Fo-Ti and other herbs used for their estrogen-like effects as determined by a recombinant cell bioassay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4077-9.. PubMed
- Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;1 PubMed
- UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Polygonum multiflorum and liver reactions. April 2006. Available at: www.mhra.gov.uk/home/idcplg?IdcService= SS_GET_PAGE&useSecondary=true&ssDocName= CON2023590&ssTargetNodeId= 833 (Accessed 10 May 2
- Panis B, Wong DR, Hooymans PM, De Smet PA, Rosias PP. Recurrent toxic hepatitis in a Caucasian girl related to the use of Shou-Wu-Pian, a Chinese herbal preparation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005;41:256-8. PubMed
- Mazzanti G, Battinelli L, Daniele C, et al. New case of acute hepatitis following the consumption of Shou Wu Pian, a Chinese herbal product derived from Polygonum multiflorum. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:E589-90.
- Cardenas A, Restrepo JC, Sierra F, Correa G. Acute hepatitis due to shen-min: a herbal product derived from Polygonum multiflorum. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006;40:629-32. PubMed
- Zhang CZ, Wang SX, Zhang Y, et al. In vitro estrogenic activities of Chinese medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of menopausal symptoms. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;98:295-300. PubMed
- Laird AR, Ramchandani N, deGoma EM, et al. Acute hepatitis associated with the use of an herbal supplement (Polygonum multiflorum) mimicking iron-overload syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008;42:861-2. PubMed
- Jung KA, Min HJ, Yoo SS, et al. Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Twenty Five Cases of Acute Hepatitis Following Ingestion of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Gut Liver 2011;5(4):493-9. PubMed
- Kang, S. C., Lee, C. M., Choi, H., Lee, J. H., Oh, J. S., Kwak, J. H., and Zee, O. P. Evaluation of oriental medicinal herbs for estrogenic and antiproliferative activities. Phytother Res 2006;20(11):1017-1019. PubMed
- Yuen, M. F., Tam, S., Fung, J., Wong, D. K., Wong, B. C., and Lai, C. L. Traditional Chinese medicine causing hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: a 1-year prospective study. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther 10-15-2006;24(8):1179-1186. PubMed
- Zhang, L., Yang, X., Sun, Z., and Qu, Y. [Retrospective study of adverse events of Polygonum multiflorum and risk control]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2009;34(13):1724-1729.
- Bae, S. H., Kim, D. H., Bae, Y. S., Lee, K. J., Kim, D. W., Yoon, J. B., Hong, J. H., and Kim, S. H. [Toxic hepatitis associated with Polygoni multiflori]. Korean J.Hepatol. 2010;16(2):182-186. PubMed
- Furukawa, M., Kasajima, S., Nakamura, Y., Shouzushima, M., Nagatani, N., Takinishi, A., Taguchi, A., Fujita, M., Niimi, A., Misaka, R., and Nagahara, H. Toxic hepatitis induced by show-wu-pian, a Chinese herbal preparation. Intern.Med. 2010;49(15):1537-1 PubMed
- McGuffin, M., Hobbs, C., Upton, R., and Goldberg, A. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC;1997.
- Dong H, Slain D, Cheng J, Ma W, Liang W. Eighteen cases of liver injury following ingestion of Polygonum multiflorum. Complement Ther Med 2014;22(1):70-4. PubMed
- Lei X, Chen J, Ren J, et al. Liver damage associated with Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: a systematic review of case reports and case series. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015;2015:459749.
- Ma KF, Zhang XG, Jia HY. CYP1A2 polymorphism in Chinese patients with acute liver injury induced by Polygonum multiflorum. Genet Mol Res 2014;13(3):5637-43. PubMed
- Zhang Y, Ding T, Diao T, Deng M, Chen S. Effects of Polygonum multiflorum on the activity of cytochrome P450 isoforms in rats. Pharmazie 2015;70(1):47-54. DOI
- Yu J, Xie J, Mao XJ, et al. Comparison of laxative and antioxidant activities of raw, processed and fermented Polygoni multiflori radix. Chin J Nat Med 2012;10(1):63-7. DOI
- Shao YL, Ma CM, Wu JM, Guo FC, Zhang SC. Concurrent severe hepatotoxicity and agranulocytosis induced by Polygonum multiflorum: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022;10(27):9921-9928.
- Xing Y, Yu Q, Zhou L, et al. Cytochrome P450-mediated herb-drug interaction (HDI) of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. based on pharmacokinetic studies and in vitro inhibition assays. Phytomedicine 2023;112:154710. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC