Sinus & Lung Supreme Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Gaia Herbs
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Sinus & Lung Supreme against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Sinus & Lung Supreme is a dietary supplement by Gaia Herbs with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for weight loss, athletic performance and energy, digestive upset.Based on those ingredients, 1,446 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bitter Orange essential oil, organic Chinese Skullcap extract, Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata) aerial parts extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Sinus & Lung Supreme by Gaia Herbs
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Sinus & Lung Supreme by Gaia Herbs — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Sinus & Lung Supreme by Gaia Herbs
Four independent checks of what is known — a summary of the available information, not a grade of the product itself.
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
The stated purpose hasn't been mapped to our evidence data yet.
Why this rating?
- We haven't mapped this product's purpose to our evidence data yet — it'll be graded on the next content refresh.
Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.
Why this rating?
- The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 6 active ingredients.
- “Respiratory Aid Extract Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (400 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.
Why this rating?
- 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Yarrow, Oregano, Baikal Skullcap, Andrographis, Bitter Orange.
- The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
- Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
- For scale: 1,447 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.
Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.
Why this rating?
- We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
- Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
- General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
- Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.
HelloPharmacist summaryPartially disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 26, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Sinus & Lung Supreme, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Gaia Herbs |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 751063151658 |
| Net contents | 60 Vegan Liquid Phyto-Cap(s)(R) |
| Market status | Off market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Dec 26, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 240957 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Sinus & Lung Supreme by Gaia Herbs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Bitter Orange essential oil | 600 mcg | -- |
| organic Chinese Skullcap extract | 0 NP | -- |
| organic Plantain extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Oregano leaf supercritical CO2 extract | 40 mg | -- |
| Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata) aerial parts extract | 40 mg | -- |
| Respiratory Aid Extract Blend | 400 mg | -- |
| organic Yarrow extract | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, Sunflower Lecithin, water and vegan Capsule
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Enter ID# at meetyourherbs.com
FSC www.fsc.org FPO This carton is made from 100% recycled paperboard, and is one example of how Gaia Herbs makes conscious choices to keep our planet healthy. To learn more about our sustainability efforts, please visit gaiaherbs.com/sustainability. Connecting plants & people since 1987 Purity - Keep it clean All products are screened for pesticides, microbes, & heavy metals. Integrity - Keep it real See the proof at meetyourherbs.com, the world's first herb traceability platform. Potency - Keep it strong Concentrated plant extracts are delivered in our patented Phyto-Caps technology. Discover our guiding truths at: Facebook Instagram @gaiaherbs
meetyourherbs.com Gaia Herbs delivers traceability by screening every product and sharing the results online. See for yourself, and learn more about your herbs, by entering the unique ID # below at meetyourherbs.com.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use Adults take 1 capsule 2-3 times daily as needed. For ongoing support, take 1 capsule daily.
Precautions
Not for use during pregnancy or lactation. If you have a medical condition or take medications, please consult with your doctor before use.
Store away from children.
Use only as directed on label. Safety-sealed for your protection.
Storage
Keep bottle capped at all times and store in a cool, dry place.
Formulation
Natural separation may occur. This does not affect product quality.
Respiratory support
Supports respiratory health when you need it most
Vegan
Gluten-free Soy-free
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
Formula
Made with Oil of Oregano
Seals/Symbols
Integrity Purity Potency Est 1987 USA
Certified B Corporation
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Sinus & Lung Supreme by Gaia Herbs label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Sinus & Lung Supreme by Gaia Herbs
These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Bitter Orange essential oil
Interacts with957 drugs
Bitter orange is a citrus fruit whose extracts contain synephrine, a mild stimulant often added to weight-loss and energy supplements. Evidence that i...
Bitter Orange essential oil monograph & interactionsOregano leaf supercritical CO2 extract
Interacts with208 drugs
Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacr...
Oregano leaf supercritical CO2 extract monograph & interactionsAndrographis (Andrographis paniculata) aerial parts extract
Interacts with413 drugs
Andrographis is a bitter Asian herb traditionally used for colds, flu, and infections, and some studies suggest it may ease cold symptoms and shorten...
Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata) aerial parts extract monograph & interactionsRespiratory Aid Extract Blend
- › Organic Chinese Skullcap extract
- › Organic Plantain extract
- › Organic Yarrow extract
Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Glycerin, Sunflower Lecithin, Water and vegan Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Sinus & Lung Supreme by Gaia Herbs Drug Interactions
Sinus & Lung Supreme contains 6 ingredients, and 5 of them have known drug interactions. Altogether they interact with 1,446 medications. Here’s the picture, then you can look up your own drug.
Want to check YOUR meds against Sinus & Lung Supreme?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Sinus & Lung Supreme interact with 1,446 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 6 ingredients in Sinus & Lung Supreme interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bitter Orange essential oil organic Chinese Skullcap extract Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata) aerial parts extract Oregano leaf supercritical CO2 extract organic Yarrow extract
AmphetamineAdensys XR-ODT, Adzenys ER, Dyanavel XR, Mydayis
How Amphetamine interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk of hypertension and adverse cardiovascular effects when taken with stimulant drugs.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Amphetamine interactionIsocarboxazidMarplan
How Isocarboxazid interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking MAOIs with synephrine-containing bitter orange preparations might increase the hypertensive effects of synephrine, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Isocarboxazid interactionMidazolamNayzilam, Seizalam, Versed
How Midazolam interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Midazolam (versed) Major
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Midazolam interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Midazolam interactionMoclobemideManerix, Moclobemide
How Moclobemide interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking MAOIs with synephrine-containing bitter orange preparations might increase the hypertensive effects of synephrine, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Moclobemide interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 enzymes.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Moclobemide interactionOzanimod HydrochlorideZeposia
How Ozanimod Hydrochloride interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilQt Interval-prolonging Drugs, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might have an additive effect when combined with drugs that prolong the QT interval, potentially increasing the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Ozanimod Hydrochloride interactionAndrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, andrographis might interfere with the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Read the full Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts Extract + Ozanimod Hydrochloride interactionPhenelzine SulfateNardil
How Phenelzine Sulfate interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking MAOIs with synephrine-containing bitter orange preparations might increase the hypertensive effects of synephrine, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Phenelzine Sulfate interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCns Depressants Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Phenelzine Sulfate interactionRasagilineAzilect
How Rasagiline interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking MAOIs with synephrine-containing bitter orange preparations might increase the hypertensive effects of synephrine, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Rasagiline interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Rasagiline interactionSafinamide MesylateXadago
How Safinamide Mesylate interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking MAOIs with synephrine-containing bitter orange preparations might increase the hypertensive effects of synephrine, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Safinamide Mesylate interactionSelegilineCarbex, Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar
How Selegiline interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking MAOIs with synephrine-containing bitter orange preparations might increase the hypertensive effects of synephrine, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Selegiline interactionTranylcypromineParnate
How Tranylcypromine interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilMonoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking MAOIs with synephrine-containing bitter orange preparations might increase the hypertensive effects of synephrine, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Tranylcypromine interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, andrographis might interfere with the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Read the full Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts Extract + Abciximab interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Abciximab interactionOregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Oregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 Extract + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Immunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts Extract + Abrocitinib interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 enzymes.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Abrocitinib interactionOregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Oregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Acalabrutinib interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractP-glycoprotein Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Chinese Skullcap ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acarbose interactionOregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Oregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 Extract + Acarbose interactionBitter Orange Essential OilAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Chinese Skullcap ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acebutolol interactionAndrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionOregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Oregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionOregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Oregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAndrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Andrographis (andrographis Paniculata) Aerial Parts Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionBitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionOregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Oregano Leaf Supercritical Co2 Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Bitter Orange Essential OilStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk of hypertension and adverse cardiovascular effects when taken with stimulant drugs.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionOrganic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionBitter Orange Essential OilStimulant Drugs, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk of hypertension and adverse cardiovascular effects when taken with stimulant drugs.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionBitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionBitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Sinus & Lung Supreme — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Chinese Skullcap ExtractCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties.
Read the full Organic Chinese Skullcap Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionBitter Orange Essential OilCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Bitter Orange Essential Oil + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Sinus & Lung Supreme with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Bitter Orange essential oil
Midazolam (Versed)
Bitter orange might increase blood levels of midazolam.
One small clinical study shows that bitter orange juice can increase midazolam levels, likely through inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk of midazolam-related adverse effects.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, taking MAOIs with synephrine-containing bitter orange preparations might increase the hypertensive effects of synephrine, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis.
Bitter orange contains tyramine, octopamine, and synephrine, which are MAO substrates.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Some clinical research shows that drinking a tea containing bitter orange and Indian snakeroot reduces fasting and postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes who are using antidiabetes drugs. However, it is unclear if these effects are due to bitter orange, Indian snakeroot, or the combination. An animal study also shows that p-synephrine in combination with gliclazide , a sulfonylurea, causes an additional 20% to 44% decrease in glucose levels when compared with gliclazide alone.
Caffeine
Bitter orange might increase blood pressure and heart rate when taken with caffeine.
Small clinical studies show that taking bitter orange in combination with caffeine can increase blood pressure and heart rate in otherwise healthy normotensive adults. Theoretically, this might increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects.
Colchicine
Bitter orange might affect colchicine levels.
Colchicine is a substrate of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Bitter orange has been reported to inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, one small clinical study in healthy adults shows that drinking bitter orange juice 240 mL twice daily for 4 days and taking a single dose of colchicine 0.6 mg on the 4th day decreases colchicine peak serum levels by 24%, time to peak serum level by 1 hour, and overall exposure to colchicine by 20%. The clinical significance of this finding is unclear.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Small clinical studies suggest that single or multiple doses of freshly squeezed bitter orange juice 200-240 mL can inhibit CYP3A4 metabolism of drugs, causing increased drug levels and potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects. However, the extent of the effect of bitter orange on CYP3A4-mediated drug interactions is unknown. Some evidence suggests that bitter orange selectively inhibits intestinal CYP3A4, but not hepatic CYP3A4. Its effect on P-glycoprotein, which strongly overlaps with CYP3A4 interactions, is unclear. One small clinical study shows that drinking 8 ounces of freshly squeezed bitter orange juice has no effect on cyclosporine, which seems to be more dependent on hepatic CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein than intestinal CYP3A4.
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin Dm, Others)
Bitter orange might increase blood levels of dextromethorphan.
One small clinical study shows that bitter orange juice increases dextromethorphan levels, likely through cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition. Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk for dextromethorphan-related adverse effects.
Felodipine (Plendil)
Bitter orange might increase blood levels of felodipine.
One small clinical study shows that bitter orange juice increases felodipine levels, likely through cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition. Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk for felodipine-related adverse effects.
Indinavir (Crixivan)
Bitter orange might increase blood levels of indinavir.
One small clinical study shows that bitter orange juice slightly increases indinavir levels, but this effect is likely to be clinically insignificant. Bitter orange selectively inhibits intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4); however, the metabolism of indinavir seems to be more dependent on hepatic CYP3A4. The effect of bitter orange on other protease inhibitors has not been studied.
Qt Interval-Prolonging Drugs
Theoretically, bitter orange might have an additive effect when combined with drugs that prolong the QT interval, potentially increasing the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
One case report suggests that taking bitter orange in combination with other stimulants such as caffeine might prolong the QT interval in some patients.
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Bitter orange juice might increase blood levels of sildenafil.
A small clinical study in healthy adult males shows that drinking freshly squeezed bitter orange juice 250 mL daily for 3 days and taking a single dose of sildenafil 50 mg on the 3rd day increases the peak plasma concentration of sildenafil by 18% and the overall exposure to sildenafil by 44%. Theoretically, this may be due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by bitter orange.
Stimulant Drugs
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase the risk of hypertension and adverse cardiovascular effects when taken with stimulant drugs.
Bitter orange appears to have stimulant effects.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, bitter orange might increase levels of drug metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that octopamine, a constituent of bitter orange, weakly inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.
organic Chinese Skullcap extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests that taking capsules containing a combination of astragalus, goldthread, and Baikal skullcap daily for 4 weeks inhibits platelet aggregation; the effect seems to be similar to that of aspirin 50 mg daily. It is unclear if this effect is due to Baikal skullcap, other ingredients, or the combination.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects.
Baicalein, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, has alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Animal research also suggests that Baikal skullcap enhances the antidiabetic effects of metformin. However, in a small human study, taking Baikal skullcap extract did not enhance the antidiabetic effects of metformin, although it did modestly lower glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Until more is known, use cautiously.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that baicalein, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, might lower blood pressure.
Antithyroid Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of Baikal skullcap and antithyroid drugs may result in additive activity and increase the risk of hypothyroidism.
In an animal hyperthyroid model, Baikal skullcap improved levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes.
In vitro evidence suggests that constituents of Baikal skullcap inhibit the activity of CYP1A2. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 enzymes.
In vitro evidence suggest that wogonin, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, modestly inhibits the activity of CYP2C19 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of Baikal skullcap might interfere with hormone replacement therapy, due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro evidence suggests that Baikal skullcap has estrogenic activity.
Lithium
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might reduce lithium excretion and increase serum levels of lithium.
Baikal skullcap is thought to have diuretic properties, which may reduce lithium excretion. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might potentiate the sedative effects of alcohol.
In vitro and animal research suggests that Baikal skullcap binds to GABA-A receptors and causes sedation. Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might potentiate the sedative effects of alcohol. Preliminary clinical research has not identified clinically relevant sedation after use of Baikal skullcap; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties.
In vitro and animal research suggests that Baikal skullcap binds to GABA-A receptors and causes sedation. Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects when used concomitantly with drugs with sedative properties. Preliminary clinical research has not identified clinically relevant sedation after use of Baikal skullcap; however, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might alter the levels and clinical effects of OATP substrates.
Some pharmacokinetic research shows that baicalin, a constituent of Baikal skullcap, can decrease plasma levels of rosuvastatin. The mechanism is thought to involve stimulation of the activity of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), which transports rosuvastatin into the liver. This decreases plasma levels of the drug, but increases levels at the site of action in the liver. The degree to which rosuvastatin levels are affected depends on the OATP1B1 haplotype of the individual. Baikal skullcap might also affect other OATP1B1 substrates.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
In vitro and animal research suggests that baicalein, oroxylin A, and wogonin, constituents of Baikal skullcap, can inhibit P-glycoprotein. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Andrographis (Andrographis paniculata) aerial parts extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal and laboratory studies suggest that andrographis has antiplatelet effects.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, andrographis might increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that andrographis has hypotensive effects.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, andrographis might interfere with the effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that andrographolide has immunostimulant activity.
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Theoretically, andrographis extract might increase the maximum concentration and time to peak concentration of celecoxib. The clinical significance of these changes is unclear.
Animal research suggests that andrographis extract taken orally increases the maximum concentration and time to peak concentration of celecoxib but does not appear to impact the area under the curve.
Etoricoxib (Arcoxia)
Theoretically, andrographis might decrease the absorption of etoricoxib, although the clinical significance is unclear.
Animal research shows that andrographis extract, or the constituent andrographolide, taken orally with etoricoxib decreases the bioavailability of etoricoxib. However, this reduced bioavailability is not correlated with a reduction in the anti-inflammatory effects of etoricoxib in arthritic mice models. The clinical significance of this interaction is unclear.
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Theoretically, andrographis extract might increase the maximum concentration and area under the curve of glipizide; however, opposite effects are seen with the constituent, andrographolide. The clinical significance of this interaction is unclear.
Animal research suggests that andrographis extract taken orally with glipizide in diabetes-induced rats increases the maximum concentration and area under the curve of glipizide. However, the opposite effect is seen with the constituent, andrographolide, in which the maximum concentration and area under the curve are decreased when taken with glipizide.
Oregano leaf supercritical CO2 extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aristolochic acid isolated from oregano leaves has antithrombin activity. It has also been reported that oregano oil inhibits arachidonic acid-induced, and ADP-induced, platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that oregano extracts might lower blood glucose levels.
organic Yarrow extract
Lithium
Theoretically, taking yarrow with lithium might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research shows that yarrow has diuretic activity. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, yarrow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Sinus & Lung Supreme, from the product label.
Gaia Herbs
See all Gaia Herbs products- Name
- Gaia Herbs, Inc
- Street Address
- 101 Gaia Herbs Dr.
- City
- Brevard
- State
- NC
- ZipCode
- 28712
- Web Address
- www.gaiaherbs.com
Sinus & Lung Supreme by Gaia Herbs: Common Questions
Does Sinus & Lung Supreme by Gaia Herbs interact with any medications?
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Where does this information come from?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Sinus & Lung Supreme’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Bitter Orange
Interacts with 957 drugsBitter orange is a citrus fruit whose extracts contain synephrine, a mild stimulant often added to weight-loss and energy supplements. Evidence that it works for weight loss or performance i...
Read the full Bitter Orange monograph → Herb & supplement monographOregano
Interacts with 208 drugsOregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacrol. While lab studies suggest it may hav...
Read the full Oregano monograph → Herb & supplement monographAndrographis
Interacts with 413 drugsAndrographis is a bitter Asian herb traditionally used for colds, flu, and infections, and some studies suggest it may ease cold symptoms and shorten how long they last. The evidence is limi...
Read the full Andrographis monograph → Herb & supplement monographBaikal Skullcap
Interacts with 946 drugsBaikal skullcap is a traditional Chinese herb (Huang Qin) used for inflammation, allergies, and infections, with active compounds like baicalin and baicalein studied mostly in the lab. Human...
Read the full Baikal Skullcap monograph → Herb & supplement monographYarrow
Interacts with 1 drugYarrow is a traditional herb long used for wounds, digestive complaints, and colds, but high-quality human studies are very limited, so its benefits are not well proven. It is generally used...
Read the full Yarrow monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Sinus & Lung Supreme's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 127 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Bitter Orange 47 references
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- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Calapai G, Firenzuoli F, Saitta A, et al. Antiobesity and cardiovascular toxic effects of Citrus aurantium extracts in the rat: A preliminary report. Fitoterapia 1999;70:586-92. DOI
- Keogh AM, Baron DW. Sympathomimetic abuse and coronary artery spasm. Br Med J 1985;291:940.
- Malhotra S, Bailey DG, Paine MF, Watkins PB. Seville orange juice-felodipine interaction: comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69:14-23. PubMed
- Pellati F, Benvenuti S, Melegari M, Firenzuoli F. Determination of adrenergic agonists from extracts and herbal products of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara by LC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002;29:1113-9. . PubMed
- Colker CM, Kalman DS, Torina GC, et al. Effects of Citrus aurantium extract, caffeine, and St. John's wort on body fat loss, lipid levels, and mood states in overweight healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1999;60:145-153. DOI
- Penzak SR, Acosta EP, Turner M, et al. Effect of Seville orange juice and grapefruit juice on indinavir pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:1165-70. PubMed
- Edwards DJ, Fitzsimmons ME, Schuetz EG, et al. 6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin in grapefruit juice and Seville orange juice: effects on cyclosporine disposition, enterocyte CYP3A4, and P-glycoprotein. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;65:237-44. PubMed
- Di Marco MP, Edwards DJ, Wainer IW, Ducharme MP. The effect of grapefruit juice and seville orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan: the role of gut CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Life Sci 2002;71:1149-60. PubMed
- Visentin V, Morin N, Fontana E, et al. Dual action of octopamine on glucose transport into adipocytes: inhibition via beta3-adrenoceptor activation and stimulation via oxidation by amine oxidases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001;299:96-104.
- Nykamp DL, Fackih MN, Compton AL. Possible association of acute lateral-wall myocardial infarction and bitter orange supplement. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:812-6. PubMed
- Fugh-Berman A, Myers A. Citrus aurantium, an ingredient of dietary supplements marketed for weight loss: Current status of clinical and basic Research. Exp Biol Med 2004;229:698-704.
- Suzuki O, Matsumoto T, Oya M, Katsumata Y. Oxidation of synephrine by type A and type B monoamine oxidase. Experientia 1979;35:1283-4. PubMed
- Nasir JM, Durning SJ, Ferguson M, et al. Exercise-induced syncope associated with QT prolongation and ephedra-free Xenadrine. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:1059-62.. PubMed
- Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Galapai C. Adverse reaction to an adrenergic herbal extract (Citrus aurantium). Phytomedicine 2005;12:247-8. PubMed
- Bouchard NC, Howland MA, Greller HA, et al. Ischemic stroke associated with use of an ephedra-free dietary supplement containing synephrine. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:541-5. PubMed
- Haller CA, Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3rd. Hemodynamic effects of ephedra-free weight-loss supplements in humans. Am J Med 2005;118:998-1003.. PubMed
- Bui LT, Nguyen DT, Ambrose PJ. Blood pressure and heart rate effects following a single dose of bitter orange. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:53-7. PubMed
- Min B, Cios D, Kluger J, White CM. Absence of QTc-interval-prolonging or hemodynamic effects of a single dose of bitter-orange extract in healthy subjects. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25:1719-24. PubMed
- Gange CA, Madias C, Felix-Getzik EM, et al. Variant angina associated with bitter orange in a dietary supplement. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:545-8. PubMed
- Jordan S, Murty M, Pilon K. Products containing bitter orange or synephrine: suspected cardiovascular adverse reactions. Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter 2004;14:3-4.
- Burke J, Seda G, Allen D, Knee TS. A case of severe exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis associated with a weight loss dietary supplement. Mil Med 2007;172:656-8. PubMed
- Gray, S. and Woolf, A. D. Citrus aurantium used for weight loss by an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. J Adolesc.Health 2005;37(5):414-415. PubMed
- Haller, C. A., Duan, M., Jacob, P., III, and Benowitz, N. Human pharmacology of a performance-enhancing dietary supplement under resting and exercise conditions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;65(6):833-840. PubMed
- Thomas, J. E., Munir, J. A., McIntyre, P. Z., and Ferguson, M. A. STEMI in a 24-year-old man after use of a synephrine-containing dietary supplement: a case report and review of the literature. Tex.Heart Inst.J 2009;36(6):586-590.
- Campbell-Tofte, J. I., Molgaard, P., Josefsen, K., Abdallah, Z., Hansen, S. H., Cornett, C., Mu, H., Richter, E. A., Petersen, H. W., Norregaard, J. C., and Winther, K. Randomized and double-blinded pilot clinical study of the safety and anti-diabetic ef
- Seifert, J. G., Nelson, A., Devonish, J., Burke, E. R., and Stohs, S. J. Effect of acute administration of an herbal preparation on blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Int J Med Sci 2011;8(3):192-197. PubMed
- Stohs, S. J., Preuss, H. G., Keith, S. C., Keith, P. L., Miller, H., and Kaats, G. R. Effects of p-synephrine alone and in combination with selected bioflavonoids on resting metabolism, blood pressure, heart rate and self-reported mood changes. Int J Med
- Wason, S., DiGiacinto, J. L., and Davis, M. W. Effects of grapefruit and Seville orange juices on the pharmacokinetic properties of colchicine in healthy subjects. Clin Ther 2012;34(10):2161-2173. PubMed
- Kaats, G. R., Miller, H., Preuss, H. G., and Stohs, S. J. A 60day double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;55:358-362.
- Calapai, G., Firenzuoli, F., Saitta, A., Squadrito, F. R., Arlotta, M., Costantino, G., and Inferrera, G. Antiobesity and cardiovascular toxic effects of Citrus aurantium extracts in the rat: a preliminary report. Fitoterapia 12-1-1999;70(6):586-592. DOI
- Colker, C., Kalman, D., and Torina, G. Effects of Citrus aurantium extract, caffeine, and St. John's Wort on body fat loss, lipid levels, and mood states in overweight healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1999;60:145-153. DOI
- Shara M, Stohs SJ. Safety evaluation of Bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) in healthy volunteers. J.Amer.Coll.Nutr. 2011;30:358.
- Lynch B. Review of the safety of p-synephrine and caffeine. Intertek-Cantox Report, 2013;1-20.
- Smith TB, Staub BA, Natarajan GM, et al. Acute myocardial infarction associated with dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and Citrus aurantium. Tex Heart Inst J 2014;41(1):70-2. PubMed
- Shara M, Stohs SJ, Mukattash TL. Cardiovascular safety of oral p-synephrine (bitter orange) in healthy subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2016;30(5):842-7.
- Liu Y, Santillo MF. Cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 enzyme inhibition by amine stimulants in dietary supplements. Drug Test Anal. 2016;8(3-4):307-10. PubMed
- Abdelkawy KS, Donia AM, Turner RB, Elbarbry F. Effects of Lemon and Seville Orange Juices on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Sildenafil in Healthy Subjects. Drugs R D. 2016 Sep;16(3):271-278. PubMed
- Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Salinero JJ, Abían-Vicen J, Areces F, Lara B, Gallo C, et al. Acute consumption of p-synephrine does not enhance performance in sprint athletes.J. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(1):63-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0299.
- Jung YP, Earnest CP, Koozehchian M, et al. Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;3;14:1. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0158- PubMed
- Jung YP, Earnest CP, Koozehchian M, et al. Effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine on resting energy expenditure, cognitive function and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:3. doi: 10.118
- Vatsavai LK, Kilari EK. Interaction of p-synephrine on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics of gliclazide in animal models. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; S0975-9476(16)30487-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.04.010.
- Ratamess NA, Bush JA, Stohs SJ, et al. Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Phytother Res. 2018;32(1):94-102.
- Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Ruiz-Moreno C, Del Coso J. Acute p-synephrine ingestion increases whole-body fat oxidation during 1-h of cycling at Fatmax. Eur J Nutr. 2019 Nov 5. PubMed
- Karimzadeh Z, Azizzadeh Forouzi M, Tajadini H, Ahmadinejad M, Roy C, Dehghan M. Effects of lavender and Citrus aurantium on pain of conscious intensive care unit patients: a parallel randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Integr Med 2021:S2095-4964(21)000 PubMed
- Koncz D, Tóth B, Bahar MA, Roza O, Csupor D. The Safety and Efficacy of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extracts and p-Synephrine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022;14(19):4019. PubMed
Baikal Skullcap 34 references
- Huang KC. The pharmacology of Chinese herbs. 2nd ed. New York, NY: CRC Press LLC. 1999;385-6, 400-1.
- Hui KM, Wang XH, Xue H. Interaction of flavones from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the benzodiazepine site. Planta Med 2000;66:91-3.
- Liao JF, Wang HH, Chen MC, et al. Benzodiazepine binding site-interactive flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis root. Planta Med 1998;64:571-2.
- Nishioka T, Kawabata J, Aoyama Y. Baicalein, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Scutellaria baicalensis. J Nat Prod 1998;61:1413-5.
- Zhang CZ, Wang SX, Zhang Y, et al. In vitro estrogenic activities of Chinese medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of menopausal symptoms. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;98:295-300. PubMed
- Fan L, Zhang W, Guo D, et al. The effect of herbal medicine baicalin on pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin, substrate of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;83:471-6. PubMed
- Chen C, Mireles RJ, Campbell SD, et al. Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1. Drug Metab Dispos 2005;33:537-46. PubMed
- Pasanen MK, Fredrikson H, Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M. Different effects of SLCO1B1 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;82:726-33. PubMed
- Konig J, Seithel A, Gradhand U, Fromm MF. Pharmacogenomics of human OATP transporters. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Arch Pharmacol 2006;372:432-43. PubMed
- Chalasani N, Vuppalanchi R, Navarro V, et al. Acute liver injury due to flavocoxid (Limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis: a case series. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:857-60. PubMed
- Reichenbach S, Juni P. Medical food and food supplements: not always as safe as generally assumed. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:894-5. PubMed
- Huang, W. M., Yan, J., and Xu, J. [Clinical and experimental study on inhibitory effect of sanhuang mixture on platelet aggregation]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 1995;15(8):465-467.
- Kim, B. R., Kim, D. H., Park, R., Kwon, K. B., Ryu, D. G., Kim, Y. C., Kim, N. Y., Jeong, S., Kang, B. K., and Kim, K. S. Effect of an extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids on aflatoxin B1 oxidizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pl PubMed
- Lee, Y., Yeo, H., Liu, S. H., Jiang, Z., Savizky, R. M., Austin, D. J., and Cheng, Y. C. Increased anti-P-glycoprotein activity of baicalein by alkylation on the A ring. J Med Chem 10-21-2004;47(22):5555-5566. PubMed
- Huang, Y., Tsang, S. Y., Yao, X., and Chen, Z. Y. Biological properties of baicalein in cardiovascular system. Curr Drug Targets.Cardiovasc.Haematol.Disord 2005;5(2):177-184. PubMed
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