Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by BioRhythm

Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon is a dietary supplement by BioRhythm with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for constipation, diarrhea, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 2,035 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dietary Fiber, Sodium, Potassium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Computed from our clinical databases

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon by BioRhythm

Four independent checks of what is known — a summary of the available information, not a grade of the product itself.

Evidence for Intended Use
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

The stated purpose hasn't been mapped to our evidence data yet.

Why this rating?
  • We haven't mapped this product's purpose to our evidence data yet — it'll be graded on the next content refresh.
Ingredient Transparency
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.
Known Interaction Concern
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Psyllium, Potassium, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,036 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.
Safety Information
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

HelloPharmacist summaryFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 23, 2015.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon, straight from the product label.

Brand BioRhythm
Barcode (UPC) 85424200144
Net contents 2240 Gram(s); 4.94 lb
Market status Off market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 23, 2015
DSLD ID 31173
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon by BioRhythm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
24 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
24 Gram(s)
Servings per container
24
UPC/BARCODE
85424200144
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories594 {Calories}, 306 {Calories}, 204 {Calories}, 102 {Calories}--
Total Carbohydrates48 Gram(s), 23 Gram(s), 15 Gram(s), 8 Gram(s)15%, 8%, 5%, 3%
Sugar29 Gram(s), 7 Gram(s), 5 Gram(s), 2 Gram(s)--
Calories from Fat139 {Calories}, 72 {Calories}, 48 {Calories}, 24 {Calories}--
Total Fat18 Gram(s), 8 Gram(s), 5 Gram(s), 2.5 Gram(s)18%, 10%, 7%, 4%
Dietary Fiber6 Gram(s), 4 Gram(s), 3 Gram(s), 1 Gram(s)24%, 16%, 12%, 6%
Protein60 Gram(s), 36 Gram(s), 24 Gram(s), 12 Gram(s)--
Saturated Fat4 Gram(s), 1 Gram(s), 0 Gram(s), 0 Gram(s)20%
Sodium230 mg, 60 mg, 40 mg, 20 mg10%, 3%, 2%, 1%
Trans Fat0 Gram(s), 0 Gram(s), 0 Gram(s), 0 Gram(s)--
Potassium294 mg, 221 mg, 147 mg, 74 mg30%, 22%, 15%, 8%
Cholesterol58 mg, 21 mg, 14 mg, 7 mg19%, 8%, 5%, 3%

Other ingredients: Sqaure Meal Protein, Square Carbohydrate Fuel, Square Meal Lean Fats, Other Square Ingredients:

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Low-Cal SNACK Balanced MINI MEAL Healthy SQUARE MEAL GAINING MEGA MEAL

Vitamin and Mineral Profile Vitamin A: 33% Vitamin B6: 33% Vitamin C: 33% Folic Acid: 33% Calcium: 33% Vitamin B12: 33% Iron: 33% Biotin: 33% Vitamin D: 33% Magnesium Stearate: 33% Vitamin E: 33% Pantothenic Acid: 33% Thiamin (B1): 33% Copper: 33% Riboflavin (B2) 33% Zinc: 33% Niacin (B3): 33% Chromium: 40 mcg 33%

Enhanced Amino Acid Profile L-Alanine 1668 mg L-Lysine* 3852 mg L-Arginine 939 mg L-Methionine* 1325 mg L-Aspartic Acid 4021 mg L-Phenylalanine 1325 mg L-Cysteine 490 mg L-Proline 1635 mg L-Glycine 1616 mg L-Serine 1735 mg L-Glutamic Acid 5150 mg L-Threonine 1915 mg L-Histidine* 770 mg L-Tryptophan 979 mg L-Isoleucine (BCAA)* 1631 mg L-Tyrosine 1484 mg L-Leucine (BCAA)* 4289 mg L-Valine (BCAA) 1671 mg * essential amino acids

96 SERVINGS

- Low Saturated Fats - First Hybrid Protein

GOURMET FLAVORING

How Will Square Meal Work for Me? No matter the fitness goal (weight loss, fat loss, increase mass or any combination) everyone will consume protein, carbohydrates and fat in a given day. That is to say if staying healthy and achieving sustainable results is the goal. BioRhythm's Square Meal is an excellent aid to achieving results through nutrition. Here are some very practical and effective uses of Square Meal's versatility: Snacking and Appetite Control One scoop of Square Meal is a 100 calorie snack that may just help satisfy that sweet tooth and grumbling stomach.* Square Meal's unique balance can help keep you from grabbing high calorie snack foods by eliminating the urge to ruin the daily meal plan.* Weight Control or Maintenance Two scoops of Square Meal can be used as a high protein "mini-meal". A serving this size has the protein equivalent to about 3oz. skinless, boneless chicken breast, 1/2 cup of prepared brown rice with about the same amount of fat the cooked meal would contain. Healthy Meal Replacement Three scoops of Square Meal has the protein content of a serving of baked salmon, the carbohydrates of a sweet potato with less fat than that meal would contain. Square Meal can be a great choice for a healthy mid-day meal and a better choice than the usual "value meal." Lean Mass Gains Four scoops has the same protein content of a Sirloin Steak, the carbohydrates of a large baked potato and dinner roll. The "lean fats" in Square Meal make this drink mix much lower in total fat and saturated fat. This meal is an excellent choice to promote an anabolic environment for lean mass gains. Don't Forget Your Fruits & Vegetables! Fruits & Vegetables are essential to healthy menu planning. Both are known to be rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. BioRhythm's Square Meal will not disappoint! This balanced formula provides 11% RDA for vitamins and minerals while providing nearly 6% of dietary fiber needs... per scoop!

What Is A "Square Meal," And Why Do I Want One? The term square meal has been used in the United States for over 150 years. A square is thought to be satisfying and nutritious at a good and fair price. The word 'square' sometimes means fair as in a good business transaction being a "square deal." When buying anything off the shelf, you are participating in a business transaction. BioRhythm's Square Meal Hybrid Protein Shake is a square deal in may ways.

- Evidence based formula designed to refuel the body with energy and essential lipids. - Unique formula with enyzmes is easy to digest reducing bloating & increasing digestibility.

Do Not Be Tempted to select your protein shake by protein content alone. Square Meal goes against the grain of the popular opinion that more protein is better. Research has shown time and time again that overloading with protein increases nitrogen in urine and stresses kidney and pancreatic function over the long term. Make No Mistake, protein is important to any fitness program. Protein aids in the recovery, repair and growth of muscle fibers. protein is a primary ingreidnet in the Square Meal. However - very equally important are carbohydrates for energy, glycogen replacement and core metabolic function - AND - essential lipids (fats) for vitamin and amino absorption, energy, heart health and much, much more. Without All Three macronutrients (carbs, fat, protein) in the proper proportions, the "protein drink" is not a square meal or a square deal!

Square Meal GOES GREEN

Square Meal Goes Green! BioRhythm's Square Meal packaging is made of 90% recycled material. When compared to its plastic counterparts, Square Meal uses nearly 700% less energy in pre-production shipping and 65% less post production. The use of recycled cardboard is Square Meal will eliminate the need of nearly 16,000 lbs of virgin plastic from entering our ecosystem per year.

What's in a Square Meal?

Vitamin & mineral and amino acid profiles are based on a 3 scoop serving. Four scoop serving calculated with one and a half cups of 2% milk.

Brand IP Statement(s)

100% WHOLE GRAINS PRESENTS: SQUARE MEAL Naturally Balaned PROTEIN(TM)

Seals/Symbols

BIORhythm ADVANCED DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS

Made in the U.S.A.

Formulation

- Zero Refined Carbs

NO ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS

- Low sodium content and no maltodextrin will help reduce bloating and further increase easy of digestion.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As an adult dietary supplement, mix one serving with 3-12 oz of water or low fat milk. Square Meal can be enjoyed as a thick and rich whole creamy shake or as a thin flavorful meal replacement depending on serving size and fluid volume.

Formula

- Excellent ratio of Protein, Carbohydrates and Lipids that is satisfying and nutritious.

Excellent Source of FIBER & WHOLE GRAINS

Caution: This product contains milk proteins and grain products.

Precautions

Anyone who desires to lose 20% or more body weight should consult a physician before use.

Caution: This product contains milk proteins and grain products. Individuals with milk, grain, wheat or gluten sensitivities should consult a physician prior to use.

WARNING: This product should not be used as the sole source of nutrition.

Not to be used as a meal replacement for pregnant or nursing women without the advice of a physician.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

See for yourself

Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon by BioRhythm label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon by BioRhythm

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size24 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container24 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

29 Gram(s) per serving

Dietary Fiber

Interacts with
2,025 drugs
6 Gram(s) per serving

Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. I...

Dietary Fiber monograph & interactions

Protein

60 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
230 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs
294 mg per serving

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Sqaure Meal Protein, Square Carbohydrate Fuel, Square Meal Lean Fats, Other Square Ingredients:. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon by BioRhythm Drug Interactions

Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon contains 5 ingredients, and 3 of them have known drug interactions. Altogether they interact with 2,035 medications. Here’s the picture, then you can look up your own drug.

Want to check YOUR meds against Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
2,035Drugs
242 Moderate 1,793 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Dietary Fiber7 drug types · 2,025 drugs

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce carbamazepine absorption. A preliminary study using blond psyllium reported decreased carbamazepine bioavailability due to binding of the drug to psyllium, as well as reduction of available fluid in the gut for dissolution of the drug. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as lithium might reduce lithium absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might reduce lithium absorption and plasma levels. Some case reports describe a reduction in plasma lithium levels with concomitant administration of blond psyllium. This was reversed when psyllium was stopped. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Metformin (Glucophage)

Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Animal research shows that concurrent consumption of blond psyllium with metformin slows and increases the absorption of metformin. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after metformin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as olanzapine might reduce olanzapine absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might decrease the absorption of olanzapine. A single case report describes a reduction in the effectiveness of olanzapine when it was concomitantly administered with an unspecified type of psyllium 3 grams orally twice daily. This effect was reversed when psyllium was stopped.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Psyllium might bind digoxin in the gut. However, some clinical evidence suggests that psyllium does not impact digoxin absorption.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Ethinyl Estradiol

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as ethinyl estradiol might alter levels of estradiol.
Concurrent use of blond psyllium with ethinyl estradiol results in a slight increase in the extent of ethinyl estradiol absorption and a slower rate of absorption. This is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Psyllium seems to have variable effects on drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after oral medications. Animal research shows that blond psyllium delays and increases the absorption of metformin and ethinyl estradiol. Case reports and animal research suggest that blond psyllium might reduce absorption of lithium, digoxin, olanzapine, and carbamazepine. Finally, some pharmacokinetic studies show that psyllium does not affect the absorption of levothyroxine or warfarin. Although many of these studies evaluated blond psyllium, the fiber content in black psyllium may have similar effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon, from the product label.

BioRhythm

See all BioRhythm products
Name
Exclusive Supplements, Inc.
City
Coraopolis
State
PA
ZipCode
15108
Phone Number
1-866-429-2600
Web Address
www.biorhythm-ads.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon by BioRhythm: Common Questions

Does Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon by BioRhythm interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon has a known interaction with 2,035 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Square Meal Protein Seedless Watermelon's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 68 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Psyllium 18 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  3. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  4. Etman M. Effect of a bulk forming laxative on the bioavailablility of carbamazepine in man. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995;21:1901-6.
  5. Perlman BB. Interaction between lithium salts and ispaghula husk. Lancet 1990;335:416.
  6. Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Valentine MD, Adkinson NF. Psyllium laxative-induced anaphylaxis, asthma, and rhinitis. Allergy 1996;51:266-8. PubMed
  7. Lantner RR, Espiritu BR, Zumerchik P, Tobin MC. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of a psyllium-containing cereal. JAMA 1990;264:2534-6. DOI
  8. Kaplan MJ. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1072-3. DOI
  9. Nordstrom M, Melander A, Robertsson E, Steen B. Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients. Drug Nutr Interact 1987;5:67-9..
  10. Robinson DS, Benjamin DM, McCormack JJ. Interaction of warfarin and nonsystemic gastrointestinal drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971;12:491-5. PubMed
  11. Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, Diez MJ, et al. Influence of two dietary fibers in the oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of ethinyloestradiol. Contraception 2000;62:253-7. PubMed
  12. Fernandez N, Lopez C, Díez R, et al. Drug interactions with the dietary fiber Plantago ovata husk. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8(11):1377-86.
  13. Semen plantaginis in: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, volume 1. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e/. Accessed November 26, 1026.
  14. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 101.17). Food labeling warning, notice, and safe handling statements. Available at www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=20f647d3b74161501f46564b915b4048&mc=true&node=se21.2.101_117&rgn=div8. Accessed December 3, 2
  15. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (21CFR 201.319). Specific labeling requirements - water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids. Available at www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=201.319. Accessed Dece
  16. Diez R, Garcia JJ, Diez MJ, Sierra M, Sahagun AM, Fernandez N. Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):298. PubMed
  17. Chiu AC, Sherman SI. Effects of pharmacological fiber supplements on levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid. 1998;8(8):667-71. PubMed
  18. Merrick C, Madden CA, Capurso NA. A Case of Blunted Orally Disintegrating Olanzapine Effect Due to Coadministered Psyllium. J Clin Psychiatry 2021;82(2):20cr13633. PubMed

See these in context on the Black Psyllium monograph →

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
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Potassium 12 references
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  2. Gennaro A. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 19th ed. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
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  4. Phillips, C. O., Kashani, A., Ko, D. K., Francis, G., and Krumholz, H. M. Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative review of data from ra DOI
  5. Altieri, P. I., Herrero, C., Suero, R., and Ortiz, A. Bleeding duodenal ulcer in a patient taking slow-releasing potassium tablets. Bol.Asoc.Med P.R. 1977;69(8):276.
  6. Raf, L. E. Enteric-coated potassium chloride tablets and ulcer of the small intestine. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1967;(374):1-87.
  7. Potassium chloride oral solution [package insert]. Allentown, PA: Lehigh Valley Technologies, Inc.; 2014.
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See these in context on the Potassium monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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