Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Source Naturals

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme is a dietary supplement by Source Naturals with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for inflammation and swelling, sinus and nasal congestion, digestion support.Based on those ingredients, 394 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Nattozimes, Amla, Bromelain. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme by Source Naturals

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme by Source Naturals — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme by Source Naturals

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “Custom Proteolytic Enzyme Blend:” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “N.Zimes PA” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme is an 8-ingredient enzyme and plant formula. The active ingredients include rutin (a plant compound), amla (Indian gooseberry fruit), bromelain (a pineapple enzyme), neutral protease and protease (bacterial enzymes), nattokinase (a soy-derived enzyme), and an ionic trace mineral blend.

The product also contains several inactive ingredients — rice bran, vegetable cellulose, purified water, and medium chain triglycerides — which serve as fillers and capsule material.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Whole body systemic enzyme support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Allergic rhinitis (hay fever), Chronic venous insufficiency, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Hemorrhoids, Postoperative pain, Postoperative swelling — and 4 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Rutin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Hemorrhoids (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Rutin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Varicose veins, Postoperative swelling.
  • Also on file: Bromelain is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Allergic rhinitis (hay fever), Chronic venous insufficiency, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Rhinosinusitis.

The evidence for this product's effectiveness isn't established in our data. Rutin, bromelain, and nattokinase all show insufficient reliable evidence for their marketed claims.

Amla shows possibly effective evidence for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and dyslipidemia (abnormal cholesterol levels), but the others lack strong support. No effectiveness ratings are on file for the proteolytic enzymes or mineral blend in this product.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Bromelain Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Nattokinase Rutin Indian Gooseberry

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most of these ingredients are generally well tolerated short-term, though long-term safety data are limited. Rutin may cause headache, flushing, or rashes in some people.

Bromelain commonly causes diarrhea, flatulence, gastric upset, or headache, and rarely triggers allergic reactions including asthma if inhaled. Nattokinase carries rare but serious bleeding risk and can trigger anaphylaxis in people sensitive to natto.

The proteolytic enzymes and amla may cause digestive upset. During pregnancy, rutin is rated Likely Safe, but bromelain, nattokinase, and the proteases lack sufficient safety data — your doctor should advise whether they're appropriate.

Amla has no pregnancy rating on file. During breastfeeding, safety data are insufficient or unknown for rutin, amla, bromelain, nattokinase, and the proteases — medical advice is needed before use.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Bromelain Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Nattokinase Rutin Indian Gooseberry

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Rutin, Indian Gooseberry, Bromelain, Nattokinase.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 394 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check these medication types before taking this product: blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (Moderate risk of bleeding), diabetes medications (Moderate risk of low blood sugar), blood pressure medications (Moderate risk of very low blood pressure), and tetracycline antibiotics (Minor risk of increased levels). If you take any of these, run your exact medications through the checker below.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This enzyme supplement is designed for digestive support, but its effectiveness isn't well established. If you take blood thinners, aspirin, diabetes drugs, or blood pressure medications, you must check your specific drugs with the tool on this page before starting — the bleeding and blood sugar risks are real.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a history of bleeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 21, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme, straight from the product label.

Brand Source Naturals
Barcode (UPC) 021078022565
Net contents 500 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 21, 2017
DSLD ID 78966
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme by Source Naturals, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
250
UPC/BARCODE
021078022565
IngredientAmount% DV
Rutin105 mg--
Amla40 mg--
Bromelain0 NP--
Ionic Trace Mineral Blend40 mg--
Neutral Protease, Bacterial0 NP--
Custom Proteolytic Enzyme Blend:0 NP--
Serrazimes0 NP--
Protease0 NP--
Nattozimes0 NP--
N.Zimes PA0 NP--

Other ingredients: Rice Bran, Vegetable Cellulose, purified Water, Medium Chain Triglycerides

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Vegetarian capsules

Enzyme Measurement Units: FCC PU (Food Chemical Codex- Papain Units), FIP (Federation Internationale Pharmaceutique), SU (Serrapeptase Units), AP (Aminopeptidase Activity Units), HUT (Hemoglobin Units in a Tyrosine Base), DU (Dextrinizing Units), FU (Fibrin Units).

This formula supports efficient circulation, and may reduce minor occasional pain associated with everyday activity. It may provide a balanced approach to metabolic inflammation, joint and respiratory health, immune support, and antioxidant defense.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Bio Align

Whole Body vegetarian systemic enzymes

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: 2 capsules, twice daily on an empty stomach with at least 8 ounces of water.

Precautions

Caution: Do not take if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, may become pregnant, or if you suffer from any gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcers. Consult your health care professional before taking this product if you are taking any drug that affects blood coagulation such as prescription vitamin K, heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), or aspirin.

Also consult your physician before taking this product in conjunction with Nattokinase or Serrapeptase; because their activities are both present in this formula, taking additional supplements may pose a health risk.

Do not use if either tamper-evident seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Formulation

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme is a Bio-Aligned formula with a comprehensive blend of proteolytic systemic enzymes bundled into a convenient vegetarian capsule.

The ingredients are suitable for Vegetarians and those with allergies to animal-based enzymes.

Suitable for Vegetarians.

Contains no yeast, dairy, egg, gluten, soy or wheat. Contains no sugar, salt, or artificial color, flavor or fragrance.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

SN2256 REV A161-B

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme by Source Naturals label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme by Source Naturals

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container250 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Custom Proteolytic Enzyme Blend:

0 NP per serving

N.Zimes PA

0 NP per serving
  • › Rutin
  • › Amla
  • › Ionic Trace Mineral Blend

Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice Bran, Vegetable Cellulose, Purified Water, Medium Chain Triglycerides. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme by Source Naturals Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
394Drugs
375 Moderate 19 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Nattozimes 289
Amla 208
Bromelain 141
Rutin 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme interact with 394 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 8 ingredients in Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Nattozimes Amla Bromelain Rutin

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Nattozimes2 drug types · 289 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Nattokinase might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Nattokinase has thrombolytic and anticoagulant effects. There is a case report of intracranial hemorrhage in a patient who added nattokinase to aspirin therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, nattokinase might increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research suggests that nattokinase may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nattozimes full monograph & interactions

Amla4 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg as a single dose or twice daily for 10 days reduces platelet aggregation by about 24% to 36%, increases bleeding time by about 3.8-5.9 seconds, and increases clotting time by about 9.8-12.7 seconds when compared to baseline. However, taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg along with clopidogrel 75 mg or ecosprin 75 mg, as a single dose or for 10 days, does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation or increase bleeding time or clotting time when compared with clopidogrel 75 mg or ecosprin 75 mg alone. Until more is known, use caution when taking Indian gooseberry in combination with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking Indian gooseberry with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry fruit or fruit extract alone or in conjunction with antidiabetes medications can lower blood glucose levels. Dose adjustments to diabetes medications might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with aspirin; however, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg as a single dose or twice daily for 10 days reduces platelet aggregation by about 24% to 36%, increases bleeding time by about 3.8-5.9 seconds, and increases clotting time by about 9.8-12.7 seconds when compared to baseline. However, taking a single dose of Indian gooseberry 500 mg along with ecosprin 75 mg, or taking a combination of Indian gooseberry 500 mg twice daily plus ecosprin 75 mg once daily for 10 days, does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation or increase bleeding time or clotting time when compared with ecosprin 75 mg alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Theoretically, Indian gooseberry may increase the risk of bleeding if used with clopidogrel; however, research is conflicting.
Clinical research shows that taking Indian gooseberry 500 mg as a single dose or twice daily for 10 days reduces platelet aggregation by about 24% to 36%, increases bleeding time by about 3.8-5.9 seconds, and increases clotting time by about 9.8-12.7 seconds when compared to baseline. However, taking a single dose of Indian gooseberry 500 mg along with clopidogrel 75 mg, or taking a combination of Indian gooseberry 500 mg twice daily plus clopidogrel 75 mg once daily for 10 days, does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation or increase bleeding time or clotting time when compared with clopidogrel 75 mg alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Amla full monograph & interactions

Bromelain2 drug types · 141 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Bromelain full monograph & interactions

Rutin1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that rutin has hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Rutin full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme, from the product label.

Source Naturals

Name
Source Naturals, Inc.
Street Address
P. O. Box 2118
City
Santa Cruz
State
CA
ZipCode
95062
Web Address
www.sourcenaturals.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme by Source Naturals: Common Questions

Does Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme by Source Naturals interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme has a known interaction with 394 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product actually work?
The evidence isn't strong. Amla shows possibly effective support for GERD and abnormal cholesterol, but rutin, bromelain, and nattokinase lack reliable evidence for their uses. The proteolytic enzymes and mineral blend don't have effectiveness ratings on file.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Rutin is rated Likely Safe during pregnancy. Bromelain, nattokinase, and the proteases lack sufficient safety data — avoid them unless your doctor specifically advises otherwise. Amla has no pregnancy rating on file. Talk with your doctor before starting.
Can I breastfeed while taking this?
Safety data during breastfeeding are insufficient or unknown for all the active ingredients in this product. Medical advice is needed — don't start without talking to your doctor or pharmacist first.
What does bromelain do in this formula?
Bromelain is an enzyme from pineapple that's included for digestive support, though evidence for its effectiveness is limited. It's generally well tolerated, but it can increase bleeding risk with blood thinners and may cause diarrhea or gas.
Are there any common side effects I should know about?
Bromelain most commonly causes diarrhea, flatulence, gastric upset, or headache. Rutin may cause headache, flushing, or rashes. Nattokinase carries a rare but serious risk of bleeding. Any digestive upset should resolve, but contact your pharmacist if symptoms persist.
Is nattokinase safe to use?
Nattokinase is generally well tolerated short-term, but it has real blood-thinning effects. This makes it risky with aspirin, other blood thinners, or blood pressure drugs — and very rarely, bleeding has occurred. If you take any of these medications, you must check first with your pharmacist.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Bromelain

Interacts with 141 drugs

Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...

Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...

Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Nattokinase

Interacts with 289 drugs

Nattokinase is an enzyme from the fermented soybean food natto that may have mild blood-thinning and blood-flow effects. Some small studies hint at benefits for blood pressure and circulatio...

Read the full Nattokinase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Rutin

Interacts with 86 drugs

Rutin is a plant flavonoid (often taken from buckwheat or citrus) that people use mainly for blood vessel and circulation problems like varicose veins and hemorrhoids. The evidence is limite...

Read the full Rutin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Indian Gooseberry

Interacts with 208 drugs

Indian gooseberry (amla) is a vitamin C-rich fruit used in Ayurvedic medicine for many purposes, from antioxidant support to cholesterol and digestion. Early research is promising for some u...

Read the full Indian Gooseberry monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Vegetarian Rejuvenzyme's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 39 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Rutin 2 references
  1. Mehta DK (Ex Ed). British National Formulary, Number 37. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain: London, England, March 1999.
  2. Sun C, Wang L, Sun J, Wang Z, Tang Z. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of rutin on hyperglycemic rats. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020;40(4):640-645.

See these in context on the Rutin monograph →

Indian Gooseberry 6 references
  1. Sabu, M. C. and Kuttan, R. Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;81(2):155-160. PubMed
  2. Fatima N, Pingali U, Muralidhar N. Study of pharmacodynamic interaction of Phyllanthus emblica extract with clopidogrel and ecosprin in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Phytomedicine. 2014;21(5):579-85. PubMed
  3. Shanmugarajan D, Girish C, Harivenkatesh N, Chanaveerappa B, Prasanna Lakshmi NC. Antihypertensive and pleiotropic effects of Phyllanthus emblica extract as an add-on therapy in patients with essential hypertension-A randomized double-blind placebo-contro
  4. Akhtar MS, Ramzan A, Ali A, Ahmad M. Effect of amla fruit (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) on blood glucose and lipid profile of normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011;62(6):609-16.
  5. Usharani P, Fatima N, Muralidhar N. Effects of Phyllanthus emblica extract on endothelial dysfunction and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 20 PubMed
  6. Majeed M, Mundkur L, Paulose S, Nagabhushanam K. Novel Emblica officinalis extract containing ß-glucogallin vs. metformin: a randomized, open-label, comparative efficacy study in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with dyslipidemia. Food Fu

See these in context on the Indian Gooseberry monograph →

Bromelain 19 references
  1. Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
  2. Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
  3. Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
  4. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  5. Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
  6. Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
  7. Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
  8. Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
  9. Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
  10. Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
  11. Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
  12. Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
  13. Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
  14. Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
  15. Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  16. Shoham Y, Shapira E, Haik J, et al. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds: Results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2021;29(6):899-907. PubMed
  17. Pfister P, Garcia Wendel PD, Kim BS, et al. Coagulation side effects of enzymatic debridement in burned patients. Burns 2022. PubMed
  18. Hasham S, Riyat H, Fletcher A, O'Boyle CP, Alexander S. To bleed or not to bleed? Case series and discussion of haemorrhage risk with enzymatic debridement in burn injuries. Scars Burn Heal 2023;9:20595131231168333. PubMed
  19. Leelakanok N, Petchsomrit A, Janurai T, Saechan C, Sunsandee N. Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023. PubMed

See these in context on the Bromelain monograph →

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
  1. Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
  2. Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
  3. Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →

Nattokinase 9 references
  1. Suzuki Y, Kondo K, Matsumoto Y, et al. Dietary supplementation of fermented soybean, natto, suppresses intimal thickening and modulates the lysis of mural thrombi after endothelial injury in rat femoral artery. Life Sci 2003;73:1289-98.. PubMed
  2. Sumi H, Hamada H, Nakanishi K, Hiratani H. Enchancement of fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase. Acta Haematol 1990;84:139-43.
  3. Chang, Y. Y., Liu, J. S., Lai, S. L., Wu, H. S., and Lan, M. Y. Cerebellar hemorrhage provoked by combined use of nattokinase and aspirin in a patient with cerebral microbleeds. Intern Med 2008;47(5):467-469. PubMed
  4. Kim, J. Y., Gum, S. N., Paik, J. K., Lim, H. H., Kim, K. C., Ogasawara, K., Inoue, K., Park, S., Jang, Y., and Lee, J. H. Effects of nattokinase on blood pressure: a randomized, controlled trial. Hypertens.Res 2008;31(8):1583-1588. PubMed
  5. <p>Maruyama M, Sumi H (eds): Effect of natto diet on blood pressure, in Basic and Clinical Aspects of Japanese Traditional Food Natto II. Japan Technology Transfer Association (JTTAS), 1998, pp 1–3.</p>
  6. Kurosawa Y, Nirengi S, Homma T, et al. A single-dose of oral nattokinase potentiates thrombolysis and anti-coagulation profiles. Sci Rep 2015;5:11601. PubMed
  7. Ramachandran L, Aqeel A, Jafri A, Sidhu Y, Mohamed Djirdeh T. Nattokinase-associated hemoperitoneum in an elderly woman. Cureus 2021;13(12):e20074. PubMed
  8. Awatani-Yoshidome K, Hashimoto T, Satoh T. Anaphylaxis from nattokinase in a patient with fermented soybean (natto) allergy. Allergol Int 2022;71(1):153-4. PubMed
  9. Suzuki K, Nakamura M, Sato N, Futamura K, Matsunaga K, Yagami A. Nattokinase, a subtilisin family serine protease, is a novel allergen contained in the traditional Japanese fermented food natto. Allergol Int 2022.

See these in context on the Nattokinase monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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