Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by SmartyPants

Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry label
See full label image
Gummy Or Jelly Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry is a dietary supplement by SmartyPants with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 491 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract, Sodium, Bacillus coagulans. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry by SmartyPants

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry by SmartyPants — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry by SmartyPants

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “SmartyPants Probiotic Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (70 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains four active ingredients. Sodium is included in the gummy base.

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract is a compound extracted from baker's yeast that may support immune and heart health. The SmartyPants Probiotic Blend and Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis DE111 are live beneficial bacteria meant to support digestive and immune function.

The remaining ingredients are inactive—cane sugar, tapioca syrup, pectin, citric acid, natural flavor, corn starch, sodium citrate, colors, and medium chain triglycerides—which give the gummy its texture, taste, and shelf stability.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: immunity and digestion with prebiotic probiotic.
  • We looked for evidence on: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection, Constipation, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Exercise-induced respiratory infections — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Bacillus Coagulans is rated "Possibly Effective" for Constipation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Bacillus Coagulans is rated "Possibly Effective" for Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  • Also on file: Bacillus Subtilis is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

The sodium in this product doesn't have an established role in immunity or digestive health. Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan is likely effective for supporting heart health and cholesterol levels.

Bacillus coagulans has been shown to be possibly effective for constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), though evidence is mixed. Bacillus subtilis DE111 is possibly effective for antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

For other conditions this product might be marketed toward—like general athletic performance or cancer prevention—the evidence we hold isn't established yet.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Beta-glucans Bacillus Coagulans Bacillus Subtilis

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated at normal dietary amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain over time. The safety notes advise avoiding sodium supplements or very high intake without medical guidance.

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan from food sources is generally well tolerated, though concentrated supplements have limited safety data. Both Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis are generally well tolerated in healthy adults, but they contain live organisms, so there's theoretical concern about infection in severely immunocompromised or critically ill patients.

Pregnancy and lactation safety data aren't on file for the probiotic ingredients; talk with your doctor before use if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Beta-glucans Bacillus Coagulans Bacillus Subtilis

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beta-glucans, Bacillus Coagulans, Sodium, Bacillus Subtilis.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 491 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), antibiotics, immunosuppressants, lithium, corticosteroids, or any drugs containing sodium before adding this product. The sodium can interfere with blood pressure control and lithium levels, and the live bacteria in the probiotics can be killed by antibiotics if taken together.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with digestive regularity and IBS symptoms through its probiotic content and supports heart health via beta-glucans. If you take blood pressure medications, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, lithium, corticosteroids, or any sodium-containing drugs, talk to your pharmacist before starting—the sodium and live organisms need checking against your specific medications.

If you're severely immunocompromised or pregnant, check with your doctor first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry, straight from the product label.

Brand SmartyPants
Barcode (UPC) 817053020028
Net contents 40 Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 23, 2020
DSLD ID 233328
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry by SmartyPants, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
20
UPC/BARCODE
817053020028
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories20 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates5 Gram(s)2%
Sugar4 Gram(s)--
Sodium20 mg1%
Added Sugars4 Gram(s)7%
Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract200 mg--
SmartyPants Probiotic Blend70 mg--
Bacillus coagulans20 mg--
Bacillus subtilis DE11150 mg--

Other ingredients: Cane Sugar, Tapioca Syrup, Pectin, Citric Acid, Natural flavor, Corn Starch, Sodium Citrate, Colors added, Medium Chain Triglycerides

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

We want you to know That every nutrient that goes into our gummies is carefully chosen based on extensive research. And just as much care goes into making them delicious.

Instagram @SmartyPants

100% PCR This bottle is made from 100% post-consumer recycled material.

Vitamin Angels Proud supporter 1-for-1 partner

Formula

Vegan superstar ingredients 7 billion CFU Probiotic strains DE111 & Lactospore Beta-glucan for clinically proven immune support

1 delicious flavor Blueberry

Multifunction Prebiotic - Probiotic Immunity and Digestion

Seals/Symbols

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org

Clean Label Project Purity Award AVA Certified Vegan American Vegetarian Association

Formulation

Non GMO

AVA Certified Vegan American Vegetarian Association

Free of gelatin, synthetic colors, artificial flavors and preservatives, wheat, milk, eggs, soy, gluten, peanuts, tree nut allergens, fish, shellfish, and salicylates. Yay!

Every batch 3rd party lab tested

Manufactured in Canada and packaged in California.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: For adults, take two (2) gummies daily. May be taken with or without food.

Brand IP Statement(s)

M-Gard is a registered trademark of Biotec BetaGlucans AS, Troms, Norway DE111 is a registered trademark of Deerland Enzymes Lactospore is a registered trademark of Sabinsa Corp.

Precautions

Warning Keep out of reach of children.

Consult your health care provider before use if you have a medical condition, are on any medications, are planning a medical procedure, or are pregnant or nursing.

Do not use if inner safety seal is broken. Do not exceed recommended dosage.

Storage

Do not freeze, product may darken over time.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry by SmartyPants label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry by SmartyPants

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

4 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
20 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract

Interacts with
293 drugs
200 mg per serving

Beta-glucans are natural fibers found in oats, barley, mushrooms, and yeast. The strongest evidence supports the oat and barley types for modestly low...

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract monograph & interactions

SmartyPants Probiotic Blend

70 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cane Sugar, Tapioca Syrup, Pectin, Citric Acid, Natural flavor, Corn Starch, Sodium Citrate, Colors added, Medium Chain Triglycerides. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry by SmartyPants Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
491Drugs
491 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract 293
Sodium 205
Bacillus coagulans 182
Bacillus subtilis DE111 182

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry interact with 491 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract Sodium Bacillus coagulans Bacillus subtilis DE111

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract2 drug types · 293 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking beta-glucans with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research shows that taking beta-glucans may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in some hypertensive individuals.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, beta-glucans might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Some clinical research shows that beta-glucans have immunostimulant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Bacillus coagulans1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking antibiotics with Bacillus coagulans might decrease the effectiveness of B. coagulans.
B. coagulans preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. coagulans preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bacillus coagulans full monograph & interactions

Bacillus subtilis DE1111 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bacillus subtilis with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. subtilis.
Since B. subtilis preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. subtilis preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bacillus subtilis DE111 full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry, from the product label.

SmartyPants

See all SmartyPants products
Name
SmartyPants, Inc.
City
Marina del Rey
State
CA
ZipCode
90292
Phone Number
1-888-751-2291
Web Address
www.SmartyPantsVitamins.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry by SmartyPants: Common Questions

Does Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry by SmartyPants interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry has a known interaction with 491 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this work if I'm taking antibiotics?
The live bacteria in this product can be killed by antibiotics, so they won't be as effective if taken at the same time. Separate your antibiotic dose from this product by a few hours to protect the probiotics.
Is this safe during pregnancy?
We don't have safety data on file for the probiotic ingredients during pregnancy. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you while pregnant.
What are the probiotics actually supposed to do?
The two Bacillus strains in this product (coagulans and subtilis DE111) are meant to support digestive health. Bacillus coagulans has evidence suggesting it may help with constipation and irritable bowel syndrome, and Bacillus subtilis appears possibly helpful for diarrhea following antibiotic use.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure medication?
Sodium can reduce how well your blood pressure drugs work, so you should talk to your pharmacist before starting. They may need to monitor your blood pressure more closely or adjust your medications.
Does this contain a lot of sodium?
The product facts show sodium is present, but the exact amount per serving isn't given here. If you're watching your sodium intake or taking medications affected by sodium, ask your pharmacist about the sodium content.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-glucans

Interacts with 293 drugs

Beta-glucans are natural fibers found in oats, barley, mushrooms, and yeast. The strongest evidence supports the oat and barley types for modestly lowering cholesterol and blood sugar, while...

Read the full Beta-glucans monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacillus Coagulans

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming probiotic that survives stomach acid well and may help with some digestive problems such as IBS, constipation, and certain types of diarrhea. The eviden...

Read the full Bacillus Coagulans monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacillus Subtilis

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming probiotic bacterium found in soil and some fermented foods, and it is used mainly to support gut health and digestion. Early research is promising for ce...

Read the full Bacillus Subtilis monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Adult Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Blueberry's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 79 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
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  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
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Beta-glucans 11 references
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  4. Bergendiova, K., Tibenska, E., and Majtan, J. Pleuran (beta-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) supplementation, cellular immune response and respiratory tract infections in athletes. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol 2011;111(9):2033-2040.
  5. Talbott S, Talbott J. Effect of beta 1,3/1,6 glucan on respiratory tract infection symptoms and mood state in marathon athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2009;8(4):509-515.
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  7. McFarlin BK, Carpenter KC, Davidson T, McFarlin MA. Baker's yeast beta glucan supplementation increases salivary IgA and decreases cold/flu symptomatic days after intense exercise. J Diet Suppl. 2013;10(3):171-83. PubMed
  8. Jesenak M, Urbancek S, Majtan J, Banovcin P, Hercogova J. ß-Glucan-based cream (containing pleuran isolated from pleurotus ostreatus) in supportive treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. J Dermatolog Treat 2016;27(4):351-4.
  9. Mah E, Kaden VN, Kelley KM, Liska DJ. Beverage containing dispersible yeast ß-glucan decreases cold/flu symptomatic days after intense exercise: a randomized controlled trial. J Diet Suppl 2020;17(2):200-10. PubMed
  10. Zhong K, Liu Z, Lu Y, Xu X. Effects of yeast ß-glucans for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2021. PubMed
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See these in context on the Beta-glucans monograph →

Bacillus Coagulans 20 references
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  2. Tynkkynen S, Singh KV, Varmanen P. Vancomycin resistance factor of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in relation to enterococcal vancomycin resistance (van) genes. Int J Food Microbiol 1998;41:195-204. PubMed
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  4. Kalima P, Masterton RG, Roddie PH, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus infection in a child following bone marrow transplant. J Infect 1996;32:165-7. PubMed
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  6. Rautio M, Jousimies-Somer H, Kauma H, et al. Liver abscess due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain indistinguishable from L. rhamnosus strain GG. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1159-60.
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  9. De Groote MA, Frank DN, Dowell E, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:278-80. PubMed
  10. Vahabnezhad E, Mochon AB, Wozniak LJ, Ziring DA. Lactobacillus bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a pediatric patient with ulcerative colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013;47(5):437-9. PubMed
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  19. Campbell RE, Miller A, Afroze A. Native valve endocarditis secondary to Lactobacillus paracasei bacteremia. Consultant. 2020;60(9):27-8. DOI
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See these in context on the Bacillus Coagulans monograph →

Bacillus Subtilis 10 references
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  2. Lampropoulos PK, Gkentzi D, Tzifas S, Dimitriou G. Neonatal sepsis due to Bacillus subtilis. Cureus 2021;13(9):e17692. PubMed
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See these in context on the Bacillus Subtilis monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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