Brain Sharp Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Brain Sharp against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Brain Sharp is a dietary supplement by The Vitamin Shoppe with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for morning sickness in pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome (pms), preventing or treating b6 deficiency.Based on those ingredients, 581 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Phosphatidylserine, Vitamin B6, Acetyl-L-Carnitine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Brain Sharp contains five active ingredients. Vitamin B6 and folic acid are B vitamins that support nerve function and cell division.
Vitamin B12 (another B vitamin) is essential for nerve health and blood cell formation. Acetyl-L-carnitine is a compound that may support energy production in brain cells.
Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid thought to play a role in brain cell communication. The product also contains several inactive ingredients—gelatin, bamboo extract, carnauba wax, acacia gum, and microcrystalline cellulose—which are used as capsule material and binders.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
The evidence for this product's ingredients varies. Vitamin B6 is effective for B6 deficiency and sideroblastic anemia, likely effective for high homocysteine levels, and possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea.
Folic acid is effective for folate deficiency, likely effective for preventing neural tube birth defects and treating methotrexate toxicity, and possibly effective for depression and cognitive problems. Vitamin B12 is effective for B12 deficiency and certain rare conditions, and possibly effective for canker sores and nerve pain after shingles.
Acetyl-L-carnitine is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, alcohol use disorder, diabetic nerve damage, and depression. Phosphatidylserine is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, but the evidence is insufficient for ADHD, general cognitive function, and other dementia types.
The product's overall effectiveness for brain health hasn't been established in the data we hold.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Vitamin B6 is well tolerated at doses under 100 mg daily, though high doses over time can damage nerves (sensory neuropathy). Common side effects at higher doses include headache, nausea, and loss of appetite.
Folic acid is generally safe at recommended doses, though doses of 15 mg daily or higher can cause confusion, sleep problems, and irritability. At normal amounts, neither vitamin B6 nor folic acid causes serious harm, but the safety notes caution against high doses without medical guidance.
Vitamin B12 is very safe and has no established upper limit since excess is eliminated in urine. Acetyl-L-carnitine is generally well tolerated short-term but long-term safety isn't fully established; common side effects include headache, insomnia, dry mouth, and agitation.
Phosphatidylserine is generally well tolerated but long-term safety data are incomplete; reported side effects include insomnia, headache, nausea, and gas. No pregnancy or breastfeeding safety data are on file for vitamin B6, vitamin B12, acetyl-L-carnitine, or phosphatidylserine; folic acid is likely safe in pregnancy at standard prenatal doses and considered safe while breastfeeding.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking Brain Sharp, double-check these medication types with your pharmacist: seizure medications (phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone), blood thinners (warfarin, acenocoumarol), antidepressants and other serotonergic drugs, cancer medications (methotrexate, capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil, pyrimethamine), heart rhythm drugs (amiodarone), blood pressure medications, thyroid hormone replacement, diabetes medications (metformin), and Parkinson's drugs (levodopa). No interactions are documented for the ingredient we could not check.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Brain Sharp may appeal to people looking for cognitive support, especially those with documented deficiencies in B6, B12, or folate. However, if you take seizure medications, blood thinners, methotrexate, cancer drugs, thyroid hormones, diabetes medications, or antidepressants, check with your pharmacist before starting it.
Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should discuss it with their doctor or pharmacist first, as safety data are incomplete for most ingredients.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 21, 2018.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Brain Sharp, straight from the product label.
| Brand | The Vitamin Shoppe |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 766536034512 |
| Net contents | 90 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Nov 21, 2018 |
| DSLD ID | 183950 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Qualified Health, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Seniors/Mature (>50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B6 | 25 mg | 1470% |
| Folic Acid | 400 mcg | -- |
| Folate | 667 mcg DFE | 170% |
| Vitamin B12 | 100 mcg | 4170% |
| Acetyl-L-Carnitine | 500 mg | -- |
| Phosphatidylserine | 200 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Gelatin, Bamboo extract, organic Carnauba Wax, organic Acacia Gum, Microcrystalline Cellulose
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Specialty
Brain Memory Energy production Focus
Consumption of phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. Very limited and preliminary scientific research suggests that phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. FDA concludes that there is little scientific evidence supporting this claim.
Visit www.vitaminshoppe.com or call 1-800-223-1216 for more information and to reorder.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Formulation
Gluten free Dairy free Nut free
Does not contain: Gluten, Sugar, Salt, Preservatives, Artificial Colors or Flavors.
Formula
Contains: Soy.
Precautions
Contains: Soy.
Keep out of reach of children.
Tamper evident Do not use if outer seal is broken or missing.
Warning: Consult your healthcare provider prior to use if you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medication or have any medical condition.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: Take three (3) capsules daily, preferable with meals.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
General
Item No. VS-3451 2022754 FS 37
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe
These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size3 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Vitamin B6
Interacts with210 drugs
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is b...
Vitamin B6 monograph & interactionsFolate
Vitamin B12
Interacts with20 drugs
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very h...
Vitamin B12 monograph & interactionsAcetyl-L-Carnitine
Interacts with203 drugs
Acetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and mem...
Acetyl-L-Carnitine monograph & interactionsPhosphatidylserine
Interacts with219 drugs
Phosphatidylserine is a natural fat-like compound found in cell membranes, especially in the brain, and it is sold mainly to support memory and thinki...
Phosphatidylserine monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Bamboo extract, Organic Carnauba Wax, Organic Acacia Gum, Microcrystalline Cellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe contains five active ingredients, and together they interact with a substantial number of medications.
The most serious documented interaction is with vitamin B6 and phenobarbital (a seizure medication) — high doses of B6 can reduce phenobarbital levels and its ability to control seizures.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Vitamin B6 also interacts moderately with antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications), amiodarone (a heart rhythm drug), phenytoin (another seizure medication), and levodopa (used for Parkinson's disease) — though the levodopa interaction doesn't occur if you're also taking carbidopa. Folic acid raises similar concerns with seizure medications (phenobarbital, phenytoin, and primidone), and it can reduce the effectiveness of methotrexate (a cancer drug) and pyrimethamine (an antiparasitic).
It also interacts moderately with capecitabine and 5-fluorouracil, both cancer treatments. Acetyl-L-carnitine may increase the effects of blood thinners like warfarin and acenocoumarol, and it can theoretically raise the risk of serotonin syndrome if you take serotonergic drugs (many antidepressants).
It may also interfere with thyroid hormone replacement. Phosphatidylserine can theoretically affect anticholinergic and cholinergic drugs.
Vitamin B12 has a minor interaction with metformin (a diabetes medication).
Altogether, these interactions span 577 individual medications. We could not check one ingredient listed as a blend component.
Please use the medication checker below to verify your exact prescriptions before starting this supplement.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Brain Sharp?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Brain Sharp interact with 581 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 5 ingredients in Brain Sharp interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Phosphatidylserine Vitamin B6 Acetyl-L-Carnitine Folic Acid Vitamin B12
Alogliptin, MetforminKazano
How Alogliptin, Metformin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Alogliptin, Metformin interactionBenserazide, LevodopaMadopar, Prolopa
How Benserazide, Levodopa interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Levodopa Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Benserazide, Levodopa interactionCanagliflozin, MetforminInvokamet
How Canagliflozin, Metformin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Canagliflozin, Metformin interactionCanagliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideInvokamet XR
How Canagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Canagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionCarbidopa, LevodopaDhivy, Rytary, Sinemet, Sinemet CR
How Carbidopa, Levodopa interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Levodopa Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Carbidopa, Levodopa interactionCarbidopa, Levodopa, EntacaponeStalevo
How Carbidopa, Levodopa, Entacapone interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Levodopa Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Carbidopa, Levodopa, Entacapone interactionDapagliflozin Propanediol, MetforminXigduo XR
How Dapagliflozin Propanediol, Metformin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Dapagliflozin Propanediol, Metformin interactionDapagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride, Saxagliptin HydrochlorideQternmet XR
How Dapagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride, Saxagliptin Hydrochloride interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Dapagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride, Saxagliptin Hydrochloride interactionEmpagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin HydrochlorideTrijardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEmpagliflozin, MetforminSynjardy
How Empagliflozin, Metformin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Empagliflozin, Metformin interactionEmpagliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSynjardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionErtugliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSegluromet
How Ertugliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Ertugliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionGlipizide, MetforminMetaglip
How Glipizide, Metformin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Glipizide, Metformin interactionGlyburide, MetforminGlucovance
How Glyburide, Metformin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Glyburide, Metformin interactionLevodopaInbrija, Larodopa
How Levodopa interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Levodopa Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Levodopa interactionLevodopa, CarbidopaDuodopa
How Levodopa, Carbidopa interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B6Levodopa Minor
Interaction Summary
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Read the full Vitamin B6 + Levodopa, Carbidopa interactionLinagliptin, Metformin HydrochlorideJentadueto XR
How Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionMetforminGlucophage, Metformin
How Metformin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Metformin interactionMetformin HydrochlorideRiomet ER
How Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Metformin Hydrochloride interactionMetformin, LinagliptinJentadueto
How Metformin, Linagliptin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Metformin, Linagliptin interactionMetformin, RosiglitazoneAvandamet
How Metformin, Rosiglitazone interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Metformin, Rosiglitazone interactionMetformin, SitagliptinJanumet, Janumet XR
How Metformin, Sitagliptin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Metformin, Sitagliptin interactionSaxagliptin, Metformin XrKombiglyze
How Saxagliptin, Metformin Xr interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Saxagliptin, Metformin Xr interactionSitagliptin, MetforminZituvimet
How Sitagliptin, Metformin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Sitagliptin, Metformin interactionPioglitazone, MetforminActoPlus Met
How Pioglitazone, Metformin interacts with Brain Sharp — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Vitamin B12Metformin (glucophage) Minor
Interaction Summary
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals.
Read the full Vitamin B12 + Pioglitazone, Metformin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Brain Sharp with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Phosphatidylserine
Anticholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, phosphatidylserine might decrease the effectiveness anticholinergic drugs.
Phosphatidylserine is thought to increase acetylcholine levels, which could theoretically interfere with the activity of anticholinergic agents.
Cholinergic Drugs
Theoretically, phosphatidylserine might have additive effects with cholinergic drugs.
Phosphatidylserine is thought to increase acetylcholine levels, which could theoretically lead to additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
Vitamin B6
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Despite initial case reports suggesting that pyridoxine may have a protective effect against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity, preliminary clinical research suggests that pyridoxine may actually exacerbate this adverse effect.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that vitamin B6 can decrease systolic blood pressure. Similarly, clinical research in patients with hypertension shows that taking high doses of vitamin B6 may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, possibly by reducing plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenobarbital, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenobarbital to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenytoin, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenytoin to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.
Levodopa
Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) enhances the metabolism of levodopa, reducing its clinical effects. However, this interaction does not occur when carbidopa is used concurrently with levodopa (Sinemet). Therefore, it is not likely to be a problem in most people.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine
Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)
Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant that is similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation when L-carnitine was taken with acenocoumarol. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product. It is unclear if such an interaction would also occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.
Serotonergic Drugs
Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders, when taken with serotonergic drugs.
Animal research shows that acetyl-L-carnitine can increase levels of serotonin in the brain.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is unclear if such an interaction would occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with acetyl-L-carnitine and warfarin.
Folic Acid
5-Fluorouracil
Theoretically, high doses of folic acid might increase the toxicity of 5-fluorouracil.
Increases in gastrointestinal side effects of 5-fluorouracil, such as stomatitis and diarrhea, have been described in two clinical studies when leucovorin, a form of folic acid, was administered with 5-fluorouracil.
Capecitabine (Xeloda)
Use of high-dose folic acid might contribute to capecitabine toxicity.
Clinical research suggests that higher serum folate levels are associated with an increased risk for moderate or severe toxicity during capecitabine-based treatment for colorectal cancer. Additionally, in one case report, taking folic acid 15 mg daily might have contributed to increased toxicity, including severe diarrhea, vomiting, edema, hand-foot syndrome, and eventually death, in a patient prescribed capecitabine.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Folic acid might reduce the efficacy of methotrexate as a cancer treatment when given concurrently.
Methotrexate exerts its cytotoxic effects by preventing conversion of folic acid to the active form needed by cells. There is some evidence that folic acid supplements reduce the efficacy of methotrexate in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and theoretically they could reduce its efficacy in the treatment of other cancers. Advise cancer patients to consult their oncologist before using folic acid supplements. In patients treated with long-term, low-dose methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriasis, folic acid supplements can reduce the incidence of side effects, without reducing efficacy.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Folic acid might have antagonistic effects on phenobarbital and increase the risk for seizures.
Folic acid can have direct convulsant activity in some people, reversing the effects of phenobarbital and worsening seizure control. Monitor closely for increased seizure activity.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Folic acid might reduce serum levels of phenytoin in some patients.
Folic acid may be a cofactor in phenytoin metabolism. Folic acid, in doses of 1 mg daily or more, can reduce serum levels of phenytoin in some patients. Increases in seizure frequency have been reported. If folic acid supplements are added to established phenytoin therapy, monitor serum phenytoin levels closely. If phenytoin and folic acid are started at the same time and continued together, adverse changes in phenytoin pharmacokinetics are avoided. Note that phenytoin also reduces serum folate levels.
Primidone (Mysoline)
Folic acid might have antagonistic effects on primidone and increase the risk for seizures.
Folic acid can have direct convulsant activity in some people, reversing the effects of primidone and worsening seizure control. Monitor closely for increased seizure activity. Note that primidone also reduces serum folate levels.
Pyrimethamine (Daraprim)
Folic acid might antagonize the effects of pyrimethamine.
Folic acid can antagonize the antiparasitic effects of pyrimethamine against toxoplasmosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Folic acid doesn't antagonize the effects of pyrimethamine in the treatment of malaria, because malarial parasites cannot use exogenous folic acid. Use folinic acid as an alternative to folic acid when indicated.
Vitamin B12
Metformin (Glucophage)
Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals. Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with the absorption of B12 in the digestive system, potentially leading to a deficiency in this essential vitamin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Brain Sharp, from the product label.
The Vitamin Shoppe
See all The Vitamin Shoppe products- Name
- Vitamin Shoppe, Inc.
- City
- Secaucus
- State
- NJ
- ZipCode
- 07094
- Phone Number
- 1-800-223-1216
- Web Address
- www.vitaminshoppe.com
Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe: Common Questions
Does Brain Sharp by The Vitamin Shoppe interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take Brain Sharp if I'm on a blood thinner like warfarin?
Is it safe to take Brain Sharp while pregnant?
What are the common side effects of Brain Sharp?
Can I take Brain Sharp if I'm on seizure medication?
Does Brain Sharp actually improve memory and brain function?
Can I take Brain Sharp with antidepressants?
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The Full Monographs Behind Brain Sharp’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Vitamin B6
Interacts with 210 drugsVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is best known for helping with pregnancy-rel...
Read the full Vitamin B6 monograph → Herb & supplement monographFolic Acid
Interacts with 40 drugsFolic acid is the man-made form of vitamin B9 and is one of the most well-studied supplements, especially for preventing serious birth defects when taken before and during early pregnancy. I...
Read the full Folic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monographVitamin B12
Interacts with 20 drugsVitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very helpful for people who are deficient — su...
Read the full Vitamin B12 monograph → Herb & supplement monographAcetyl-l-carnitine
Interacts with 203 drugsAcetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and memory-related conditions, though the evide...
Read the full Acetyl-l-carnitine monograph → Herb & supplement monographPhosphatidylserine
Interacts with 219 drugsPhosphatidylserine is a natural fat-like compound found in cell membranes, especially in the brain, and it is sold mainly to support memory and thinking. Some research suggests possible bene...
Read the full Phosphatidylserine monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Brain Sharp's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 149 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Vitamin B6 32 references
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- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Baxter P, Aicardi J. Neonatal seizures after pyridoxine use. Lancet 1999;354:2082-3. PubMed
- Bendich A, Cohen M. Vitamin B6 safety issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;585:321-30.
- Schaumburg H, Kaplan J, Windebank A. Sensory neuropathy from pyridoxine abuse. A new megavitamin syndrome. N Engl J Med 1983;309:445-8. PubMed
- Gordon N. Pyridoxine dependency: an update. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997;39:63-5. PubMed
- Lewis PJ. Pain in the hand and wrist. Pyridoxine supplements may help patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. BMJ 1995;310:1534. PubMed
- Kaufman G. Pyridoxine against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity (letter). Lancet 1984;1:51-2. PubMed
- Mulrow JP, Mulrow CD, McKenna WJ. Pyridoxine and amiodarone-induced photosensitivity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:68-9. PubMed
- Kawada A, Kashima A, Shiraishi H, et al. Pyridoxine-induced photosensitivity and hypophosphatasia. Dermatology 2000;201:356-60.. PubMed
- Vasile A, Goldberg R, Kornberg B. Pyridoxine toxicity: report of a case. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1984;83:790-1. DOI
- Hansson O, Sillanpaa M. Pyridoxine and serum concentration of phenytoin and phenobarbitone. Lancet 1976;1:256. DOI
- Jansen T, Romiti R, Kreuter A, Altmeyer P. Rosacea fulminans triggered by high-dose vitamins B6 and B12. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:484-5..
- Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
- Hatzitolios, A., Iliadis, F., Katsiki, N., and Baltatzi, M. Is the anti-hypertensive effect of dietary supplements via aldehydes reduction evidence based? A systematic review. Clin Exp.Hypertens. 2008;30(7):628-639. PubMed
- Vasdev, S., Ford, C. A., Parai, S., Longerich, L., and Gadag, V. Dietary vitamin B6 supplementation attenuates hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol.Cell Biochem. 1999;200(1-2):155-162.
- de, Vogel S., Dindore, V., van, Engeland M., Goldbohm, R. A., van den Brandt, P. A., and Weijenberg, M. P. Dietary folate, methionine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. J Nutr 2008;138(12):2372-2378. PubMed
- Hagen, I., Nesheim, B. I., and Tuntland, T. No effect of vitamin B-6 against premenstrual tension. A controlled clinical study. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 1985;64(8):667-670. PubMed
- Aybak, M., Sermet, A., Ayyildiz, M. O., and Karakilcik, A. Z. Effect of oral pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation on arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995;45(12):1271-1273.
- Lal, K. J., Dakshinamurti, K., and Thliveris, J. The effect of vitamin B6 on the systolic blood pressure of rats in various animal models of hypertension. J Hypertens. 1996;14(3):355-363. PubMed
- Lauritzen CH, Reuter HD, Repges R, Bohnert K, and Schmidt U. Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus. Controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine. Phytomed 1997;4(3):183-189. PubMed
- Fonseca VA, Lavery LA, Thethi TK, et al. Metanx in type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: A randomized trial. Am J Med 2013;126(2):141-9. PubMed
- Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, Yi Q, et al. Treatment with B vitamins and incidence of cancer in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2012;43(6):1572-7. PubMed
- Hoyer-Kuhn H, Kohbrok S, Volland R, Franklin J, Hero B, Beck BB, Hoppe B. Vitamin B6 in primary hyperoxaluria I: first prospective trial after 40 years of practice. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Mar;9(3):468-77. PubMed
- Mahmoud A, Tabassum S, Al Enazi S, et al. Amelioration of levetiracetam-induced behavioral side effects by pyridoxine. A randomized double blind controlled study. Pediatr Neurol 2021;119:15-21. PubMed
- Gupta M, Gallante B, Bamberger JN, et al. Prospective randomized evaluation of idiopathic hyperoxaluria treatments. J Endourol 2021;35(12):1844-1851. PubMed
- Li H, Chen M, Liang S, et al. Excessive vitamin B6 during treatment is related to poor prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A U-shaped distribution suggests low dose supplement. Clin Nutr 2021;40(4):2293-2300. PubMed
- Tanigawa J, Nabatame S, Tominaga K, et al. High-dose pyridoxine treatment for inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency. Brain Dev 2021;43(6):680-687. PubMed
- Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea And Vomiting Of Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(1):e15-e30. PubMed
Folic Acid 56 references
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Duhra P. Treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with methotrexate therapy for psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:466-9. PubMed
- Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Vaughn WH, et al. Supplementation with folic acid during methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:833-41. PubMed
- Froscher W, Maier V, Laage M, et al. Folate deficiency, anticonvulsant drugs, and psychiatric morbidity. Clin Neuropharmacol 1995;18:165-82. PubMed
- Lewis DP, Van Dyke DC, Willhite LA, et al. Phenytoin-folic acid interaction. Ann Pharmacother 1995;29:726-35. PubMed
- Berg MJ, Stumbo PJ, Chenard CA, et al. Folic acid improves phenytoin pharmacokinetics. J Am Diet Assoc 1995;95:352-6. PubMed
- Berg MJ, Fincham RW, Ebert BE, et al. Phenytoin pharmacokinetics: Before and after folic acid administration. Epilepsia 1992;33:712-20. PubMed
- Shafer RB, Nuttall FQ. Calcium and folic acid absorption in patients taking anticonvulsant drugs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975;41:1125-9. PubMed
- Leeb BF, Witzmann G, Ogris E, et al. Folic acid and cyanocobalamin levels in serum and erythrocytes during low-dose methotrexate therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995;13:459-63.
- Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Lee JY, Alarcón GS. Folic acid supplementation prevents deficient blood folate levels and hyperhomocysteinemia during longterm, low dose methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: implications for cardiovascular disease preventi
- Dijkmans BA. Folate supplementation and methotrexate. Br J Rheumatol 1995;34:1172-4. PubMed
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- Lambie DG, Johnson RH. Drugs and folate metabolism. Drugs 1985;30:145-55. PubMed
- Amer College of Rheumatology ad hoc committee on clinical guidelines. Guidelines for monitoring drug therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:723-31. DOI
- Suitor CW, Bailey LB. Dietary folate equivalents: interpretation and application. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:88-94. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Sandoval M, Charbonnet RM, Okuhama NN, et al. Cat's claw inhibits TNFalpha production and scavenges free radicals: role in cytoprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;29:71-78.
- Antony AC. Megaloblastic Anemias. In: Hoffman R, Benz Jr EJ, Shattil SJ, et al. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone 2000: 451-79.
- Reynolds EH. Neurological aspects of folate and vitamin B12 metabolism. Clin Haematol 1976;5:661-96. DOI
- Reynolds EH. Folate metabolism and anticonvulsant therapy. Proc R Soc Med 1974;67:68.
- Ortiz Z, Shea B, Suarez Almazor M, et al. Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD000951. PubMed
- Van Delden C, Hirschel B. Folinic acid supplements to pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine for Toxoplasma encephalitis are associated with better outcome (letter). J Infect Dis 1996;173:1294-5. PubMed
- Schroder H, Clausen N, Ostergard E, Pressler T. Folic acid supplements in vitamin tablets: a determinant of hematological drug tolerance in maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ped Hematol Oncol 1986;3:241-7. PubMed
- Lange H, Suryapranata H, De Luca G, et al. Folate therapy and in-stent restenosis after coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2673-81. PubMed
- Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, et al. Dietary folate and vitamin B12 intake and cognitive decline among community-dwelling older persons. Arch Neurol 2005;62:641-5. PubMed
- Bonaa KH, Njolstad I, Ueland PM, et al. NORVIT: Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. N Enlg J Med 2006;354:1578-88. PubMed
- Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. PubMed
- Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Haile RW, et al. Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: Results from a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:432-5. PubMed
- Clippe C, Freyer G, Milano G, Trillet-Lenoir V. Lethal toxicity of capecitabine due to abusive folic acid prescription. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2003;15:299-300. PubMed
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- Ebbing M, Bonaa KH, Nygard O, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality after treatment with folic acid and vitamin B12. JAMA 2009;302:2119-26.
- Haberg, S. E., London, S. J., Stigum, H., Nafstad, P., and Nystad, W. Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and early childhood respiratory health. Arch Dis.Child 2009;94(3):180-184. PubMed
- Whitrow, M. J., Moore, V. M., Rumbold, A. R., and Davies, M. J. Effect of supplemental folic acid in pregnancy on childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 12-15-2009;170(12):1486-1493. PubMed
- Collin, S. M., Metcalfe, C., Refsum, H., Lewis, S. J., Zuccolo, L., Smith, G. D., Chen, L., Harris, R., Davis, M., Marsden, G., Johnston, C., Lane, J. A., Ebbing, M., Bonaa, K. H., Nygard, O., Ueland, P. M., Grau, M. V., Baron, J. A., Donovan, J. L., Nea
- Baggott, J. E., Oster, R. A., and Tamura, T. Meta-analysis of cancer risk in folic acid supplementation trials. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012;36(1):78-81. PubMed
- Fonseca VA, Lavery LA, Thethi TK, et al. Metanx in type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: A randomized trial. Am J Med 2013;126(2):141-9. PubMed
- Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, Yi Q, et al. Treatment with B vitamins and incidence of cancer in patients with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2012;43(6):1572-7. PubMed
- Taneja S, Strand TA, Kumar T, et al. Folic acid and vitamin B-12 supplementation and common infections in 6-30-mo-old children in India: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98(3):731-7. PubMed
- van Wijngaarden JP, Swart KM, Enneman AW, et al. Effect of daily vitamin B-12 and folic acid supplementation on fracture incidence in elderly individuals with an elevated plasma homocysteine concentration: B-PROOF, a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin
- Qin X, Fan F, Cui Y, Chen F, Chen Y, Cheng X, Li Y, Wang B, Xu X, Xu X, Huo Y, Wang X. Folic acid supplementation with and without vitamin B6 and revascularization risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(4):603-12. PubMed
- Crider KS, Cordero AM, Qi YP, Mulinare J, Dowling NF, Berry RJ. Prenatal folic acid and risk of asthma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(5):1272-81. PubMed
- Matsubara S, Imai K, Murayama K, Higashizawa T. Severe liver dysfunction during nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: folic acid supplement as a suggested culprit. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;32(7):701-2. PubMed
- Qin X, Cui Y, Shen L, Sun N, Zhang Y, Li J, Xu X, Wang B, Xu X, Huo Y, Wang X. Folic acid supplementation and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cancer. 2013 1;133(5):1033-41. PubMed
- Tio M, Andrici J, Cox MR, Eslick GD. Folate intake and the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2014;17(3):213-9. PubMed
- Tomaszewski JJ, Richman EL, Sadetsky N, O'Keefe DS, Carroll PR, Davies BJ, Chan JM. Impact of folate intake on prostate cancer recurrence following definitive therapy: data from CaPSURE. J Urol. 2014;191(4):971-6. PubMed
- Valera-Gran D, García de la Hera M, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Fernandez-Somoano A, Tardón A, Julvez J, Forns J, Lertxundi N, Ibarluzea JM, Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Vioque J; Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project. Folic acid supplements during pregnancy and ch
- Van Der Woude DA, De Vries J, Van Wijk EM, Verzijl JM, Pijnenborg JM. A randomized controlled trial examining the addition of folic acid to iron supplementation in the treatment of postpartum anemia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014;126(2):101-5. PubMed
- Vila-Nova C, Wehby GL, Queirós FC, Chakraborty H, Félix TM, Goco N, Moore J, Gewehr EV, Lins L, Affonso CM, Murray JC. Periconceptional use of folic acid and risk of miscarriage - findings of the Oral Cleft Prevention Program in Brazil. J Perinat Med. 201 PubMed
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- Wehby GL, Félix TM, Goco N, Richieri-Costa A, Chakraborty H, Souza J, Pereira R, Padovani C, Moretti-Ferreira D, Murray JC. High dosage folic acid supplementation, oral cleft recurrence and fetal growth. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 4;10(2):590-6 PubMed
- Fanidi A, Carreras-Torres R, Larose TL, et al. Is high vitamin B12 status a cause of lung cancer? Int J Cancer. 2019 Sep 15;145(6):1499-1503. PubMed
- Liu J, Li Z, Ye R, Liu J, Ren A. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation and risk of parent-reported asthma in children at 4-6 years of age. ERJ Open Res. 2020;6(1):00250-2019. PubMed
- Houghton LA, Sherwood KL, Pawlosky R, Ito S, O'Connor DL. [6S]-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate is at least as effective as folic acid in preventing a decline in blood folate concentrations during lactation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Apr;83(4):842-50. PubMed
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Vitamin B12 30 references
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Hartman TJ, Woodson K, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, et al. Association of the B-vitamins pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (B6), B12, and folate with lung cancer risk in older men. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:688-94.. DOI
- Jansen T, Romiti R, Kreuter A, Altmeyer P. Rosacea fulminans triggered by high-dose vitamins B6 and B12. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:484-5..
- Lange H, Suryapranata H, De Luca G, et al. Folate therapy and in-stent restenosis after coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2673-81. PubMed
- Collin, S. M., Metcalfe, C., Refsum, H., Lewis, S. J., Zuccolo, L., Smith, G. D., Chen, L., Harris, R., Davis, M., Marsden, G., Johnston, C., Lane, J. A., Ebbing, M., Bonaa, K. H., Nygard, O., Ueland, P. M., Grau, M. V., Baron, J. A., Donovan, J. L., Nea
- Geissbuhler, P., Mermillod, B., and Rapin, C. H. Elevated serum vitamin B12 levels associated with CRP as a predictive factor of mortality in palliative care cancer patients: a prospective study over five years. J.Pain Symptom.Manage. 2000;20(2):93-103. PubMed
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- Carman KB, Belgemen T, Yis U. Involuntary movements misdiagnosed as seizure during vitamin B12 treatment. Pediatr Emerg Care 2013;29(11):1223-4. PubMed
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- Zanus C, Alberini E, Costa P, et al. Involuntary movements after correction of vitamin B12 deficiency: A video-case report. Epileptic Disord 2012;14(2):174-80. PubMed
- Fanidi A, Carreras-Torres R, Larose TL, et al. Is high vitamin B12 status a cause of lung cancer? Int J Cancer. 2019 Sep 15;145(6):1499-1503. PubMed
- Fujita Y, Mizukami T, Maya Y, et al. Vitamin B12 allergy manifesting as lymphomatoid contact dermatitis. Eur J Dermatol. 2020;30(3):304-305. PubMed
- Dépret F, Hoffmann C, Daoud L, et al. Association between hydroxocobalamin administration and acute kidney injury after smoke inhalation: a multicenter retrospective study. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):421. PubMed
- Khairan P, Sobue T, Eshak ES, et al. Association of dietary intakes of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate, and methionine with the risk of esophageal cancer: the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) prospective study. BMC Cancer 2021;21(1):982. PubMed
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Acetyl-l-carnitine 22 references
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