Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Chasteberry Plus Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Metagenics

Tablet Or Pill Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Chasteberry Plus is a dietary supplement by Metagenics with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for premenstrual syndrome (pms), irregular or absent menstrual periods, cyclical breast pain (mastalgia).Based on those ingredients, 1,438 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 15:1 root extract, Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) root & rhizome extract, Chaste Tree fruit extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Chasteberry Plus by Metagenics

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Chasteberry Plus contains three active ingredients. Chaste tree fruit extract (from Vitex agnus-castus) is traditionally used for hormonal balance.

Black cohosh, a root and rhizome extract, is often used to support menopausal symptom relief. Ashwagandha, a standardized 15:1 root extract, is included for stress and relaxation support.

The product also contains inactive ingredients—microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, silica, stearic acid, hypromellose, medium chain triglyceride, and hydroxypropyl cellulose—which serve as binders, flow agents, and capsule material.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support menstrual regularity and reproductive health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Dysmenorrhea, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), Menopausal symptoms, Amenorrhea, Infertility — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Black Cohosh is rated "Possibly Effective" for Menopausal symptoms (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitex Agnus-castus is rated "Possibly Effective" for Mastalgia, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
  • Also on file: Black Cohosh is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Dysmenorrhea, Infertility.

The evidence varies by use. Chaste tree is rated possibly effective for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and mastalgia (breast pain), but we don't have enough reliable data to rate it for aging skin, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), or anxiety.

Black cohosh is rated possibly effective for menopausal symptoms; evidence is insufficient for acne, sexual dysfunction, anxiety, or breast cancer hot flashes. Ashwagandha is rated possibly effective for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), but evidence is insufficient for bipolar disorder.

If you're considering this product for a specific condition, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether the evidence supports its use for your situation.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitex Agnus-castus Black Cohosh Ashwagandha

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

All three ingredients are generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, though long-term safety data are limited. Chaste tree commonly causes diarrhea, fatigue, headache, insomnia, irregular menstruation, nausea, and skin irritation.

Black cohosh may cause dizziness, gastrointestinal upset, headache, and tiredness; rare serious concerns include liver issues and endometrial changes. Ashwagandha typically causes mild gastrointestinal upset at higher doses, though drowsiness and headache have been reported.

Chaste tree and black cohosh are not recommended during pregnancy or while breastfeeding due to possible hormonal effects and limited safety data. Ashwagandha is considered likely unsafe in pregnancy (traditionally associated with miscarriage risk); lactation safety is not established.

If you're pregnant, nursing, or planning pregnancy, discuss this product with your doctor or pharmacist before use.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitex Agnus-castus Black Cohosh Ashwagandha

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Cohosh, Ashwagandha, Vitex Agnus-castus.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,439 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Chasteberry Plus, check if you use any of these: blood pressure medications, blood sugar medications (diabetes drugs), sedatives or benzodiazepines (anti-anxiety or sleep pills), thyroid hormone, antidepressants or serotonergic drugs, antipsychotics, dopamine agonists, birth control pills, estrogen therapy, cancer medications, metoclopramide (Reglan), immunosuppressants, or any drug broken down by your liver. All carry Moderate risk except certain liver absorption interactions, which are Minor.

Use the medication checker below with your full list.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with PMS, menopausal symptoms, stress, and anxiety, depending on the reason you're considering it. However, because these ingredients interact with a large number of medications—including blood pressure drugs, blood sugar medications, birth control, antidepressants, and thyroid hormone—you'll need to check your exact medications with our tool before starting.

Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Talk to your pharmacist about whether this product is right for you and your health situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 22, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Chasteberry Plus, straight from the product label.

Brand Metagenics
Barcode (UPC) 755571013453
Net contents 60 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 22, 2023
DSLD ID 295662
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Women (not pregnant or lactating), Girls: (All), Adult Female (18 - 50 Years), Seniors/Mature (>50 Years) - Women ONLY, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Chasteberry Plus by Metagenics, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
755571013453
IngredientAmount% DV
Chaste Tree fruit extract100 mg--
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) root & rhizome extract40 mg--
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 15:1 root extract60 mg--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Silica, Stearic Acid, Hypromellose, Medium Chain Triglyceride, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Chasteberry Plus combines chasteberry and black cohosh to help support menstrual regularity, ease menstrual cramps, and support reproductive health.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take on tablet twice daily or as directed by your healthcare practitioner.

Formulation

This product is non-GMO, gluten-free, and vegetarian.

This product is non-GMO, gluten-free, and vegetarian.

Supports menstrual regularity, relieves menstrual discomfort

Precautions

Warning: Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Caution: Consult your healthcare practitioner before use if you are taking medication or have a liver disorder or develop symptoms of liver trouble.

Keep out of reach of children.

Practitioner Exclusive

Storage

Storage: Keep tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

Seals/Symbols

Non-GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org Certified Gluten-Free gfco.org

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

See for yourself

Chasteberry Plus by Metagenics label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Chasteberry Plus by Metagenics

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Chaste Tree fruit extract

Interacts with
121 drugs
100 mg per serving

Vitex (chasteberry) is an herbal remedy most often used for PMS and menstrual cycle problems, and the strongest evidence is for easing some PMS sympto...

Chaste Tree fruit extract monograph & interactions
40 mg per serving Form: Total Triterpene Glycosides

Black cohosh is a North American plant most often used to ease menopause symptoms like hot flashes, but the research is mixed and far from settled. It...

Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) root & rhizome extract monograph & interactions
60 mg per serving Form: Withanolides

Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, though the evid...

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 15:1 root extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Silica, Stearic Acid, Hypromellose, Medium Chain Triglyceride, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Chasteberry Plus by Metagenics Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Chasteberry Plus?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,438Drugs
1,146 Moderate 292 Minor

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Chasteberry Plus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 15:1 root extract10 drug types · 1,372 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that ashwagandha might lower blood glucose levels. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Benzodiazepines

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Ashwagandha has been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Ashwagandha has demonstrated immunostimulant effects in humans. Animal research has shown that ashwagandha can attenuate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Some animal studies have reported that ashwagandha can enhance serotonergic transmission by altering certain serotonin (5-HT) receptors. However, there is no evidence to suggest that ashwagandha increases the risk of serotonin-related effects, and there have been no published case reports of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Nevertheless, due to the lack of extensive studies on the matter and the fact that ashwagandha appears to affect serotonergic pathways, it would be prudent to exercise caution when combining it with drugs that affect serotonin. [References: - Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaga ndha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Sep 14; 19: 1468–1495. - A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/]

Likelihood Possible Evidence C

Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) root & rhizome extract7 drug types · 652 drugs

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Taking black cohosh with atorvastatin might increase the risk for elevated liver function tests.
In one case report, a patient taking atorvastatin (Lipitor) developed significantly elevated liver function enzymes after starting black cohosh 100 mg four times daily. Liver enzymes returned to normal when black cohosh was discontinued. It is unclear whether the elevated liver enzymes were due to black cohosh itself or an interaction between atorvastatin and black cohosh.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, black cohosh may reduce the clinical effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that black cohosh might decrease the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on breast cancer cells.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Some research suggests that black cohosh might inhibit CYP2D6, but there is conflicting evidence.
Some clinical research suggests that black cohosh might modestly inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. However, contradictory clinical research shows a specific black cohosh product (Remifemin, Enzymatic Therapy) 40 mg twice daily does not significantly inhibit metabolism of a CYP2D6 substrate in healthy study volunteers. Until more is known, use black cohosh cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, black cohosh may alter the effects of estrogen therapy.
Some research suggests that black cohosh has estrogenic effects. This may enhance or inhibit the effects of estrogen therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking black cohosh with hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of liver damage.
There is concern that black cohosh might be linked to cases of liver failure and autoimmune hepatitis.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Combining serotonergic drugs with black cohosh might cause additive serotonergic effects.
Black cohosh might increase the risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs. Black cohosh acts as an agonist at several serotonin receptor subtypes and might interact with other serotonergic medications. In one case, a 55-year-old female who had been on stable treatment with sertraline 50 mg and duloxetine 60 mg daily developed serotonin syndrome after taking black cohosh extract 40 mg daily for 3 days.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Black cohosh may inhibit one form of OATP, OATP2B1, which could reduce the bioavailability and clinical effects of OATP2B1 substrates.
In vitro research shows that black cohosh modestly inhibits OATP2B1. OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and liver and are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body. Inhibition of OATP may reduce the bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Chaste Tree fruit extract5 drug types · 121 drugs

Antipsychotic Drugs

Theoretically, vitex agnus-castus could interfere with the activity of antipsychotic drugs.
Vitex agnus-castus might interfere with the action of dopamine antagonists such as antipsychotic drugs due to its dopamine agonist effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, vitex agnus-castus could interfere with oral contraceptives.
Vitex agnus-castus might interfere with the efficacy of oral contraceptives due to possible hormone modulating activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Dopamine Agonists

Theoretically, vitex agnus-castus could interfere with dopamine agonists.
Vitex agnus-castus might potentiate the actions of dopaminergic agonists due to possible dopaminergic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, vitex agnus-castus could interfere with the activity of estrogens.
Vitex agnus-castus has hormone modulating activity that can interfere with the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Theoretically, dopaminergic effects of vitex agnus-castus could interfere with metoclopramide.
Vitex agnus-castus might interfere with the action of dopamine antagonists such as metoclopramide due to its possible dopaminergic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Chasteberry Plus, from the product label.

Metagenics

See all Metagenics products
Name
Metagenics
City
Gig Harbor
State
WA
ZipCode
98332
Phone Number
800 692 9400
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Chasteberry Plus by Metagenics: Common Questions

Does Chasteberry Plus by Metagenics interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Chasteberry Plus has a known interaction with 1,438 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Chasteberry Plus contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this affect my birth control?
Yes, potentially. Chaste tree in this product may interfere with how oral contraceptives work due to its hormone-modulating activity. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before taking Chasteberry Plus if you're on birth control.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Chaste tree and black cohosh are not recommended during pregnancy because of possible hormonal effects and limited safety data. Ashwagandha is considered likely unsafe in pregnancy due to traditional concerns about miscarriage. Safety while breastfeeding has not been established for any of these ingredients. Discuss alternatives with your doctor if you're pregnant, nursing, or planning pregnancy.
What are the most common side effects?
Chaste tree most often causes diarrhea, fatigue, headache, insomnia, irregular periods, nausea, and stomach upset. Black cohosh commonly causes dizziness, gastrointestinal upset, headache, and tiredness. Ashwagandha may cause mild nausea and diarrhea at higher doses, and some people report drowsiness. Side effects are usually mild and temporary.
Does this product work for hot flashes?
Black cohosh in this product is rated possibly effective for menopausal symptoms, which include hot flashes. However, we don't have enough reliable evidence to rate it for hot flashes specifically related to breast cancer treatment. Your pharmacist can help you understand how strong that evidence is for your situation.
Will this help my anxiety?
Ashwagandha in this product is rated possibly effective for anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder. Chaste tree and black cohosh have insufficient evidence to rate for anxiety. If you're taking anxiety medication or antidepressants, check with your pharmacist first, since this product may interact with those drugs.
Is there any liver risk with this product?
There's a theoretical concern with all three ingredients. Black cohosh and ashwagandha have been linked in rare case reports to liver problems, and black cohosh may interact with drugs that are hard on the liver. Short-term use in healthy people is generally well tolerated, but medical guidance is wise—especially if you have liver disease or take other medications. Talk to your pharmacist.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Chasteberry Plus label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Chasteberry Plus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 123 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitex Agnus-castus 23 references
  1. Wuttke W. Dopaminergic action of extracts of Agnus Castus. Forschende Komplementarmedizen 1996;3:329-30.
  2. Jarry H, Leonhardt S., Gorkow C, Wuttke W. In vitro prolactin but not LH and FSH release is inhibited by compounds in extracts of Agnus Castus: direct evidence for a dopaminergic principle by the dopamine receptor assay. Exp Clin Endocrinol 1994;102:448- PubMed
  3. Schellenberg R. Treatment for the premenstrual syndrome with agnus castus fruit extract: prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study. BMJ 2001;322:134-7. PubMed
  4. Lauritzen CH, Reuter HD, Repges R, et al. Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus: Controlled-double blind versus pyridoxine. Phytomedicine 1997;4:183-9.
  5. Berger D, Schaffner W, Schrader E, et al. Efficacy of Vitex agnus castus L. extract Ze 440 in patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Arch Gynecol Obstet 2000;264:150-3.
  6. Loch EG, Selle H, Boblitz N. Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with a phytopharmaceutical formulation containing Vitex agnus castus. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000;9:315-20. PubMed
  7. Meier B, Berger D, Hoberg E, et al. Pharmacological activities of Vitex agnus-castus extracts in vitro. Phytomedicine 2000;7:373-81. PubMed
  8. Liu J, Burdette JE, Xu H, et al. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49:2472-9.. PubMed
  9. Wuttke W, Jarry H, Christoffel V, et al. Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus)--pharmacology and clinical indications. Phytomedicine 2003;10:348-57. PubMed
  10. Atmaca M, Kumru S, Tezcan E. Fluoxetine versus Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003;18:191-5..
  11. Daniele C, Thompson Coon J, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Vitex agnus castus: a systematic review of adverse events. Drug Saf 2005;28:319-32..
  12. Halaska M, Beles P, Gorkow C, Sieder C. Treatment of cyclical mastalgia with a solution containing a Vitex agnus castus extract: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Breast 1999;8:175-81. PubMed
  13. Prilepskaya VN, Ledina AV, Tagiyeva AV, Revazova FS. Vitex agnus castus: Successful treatment of moderate to severe premenstrual syndrome. Maturitas 2006;55 Suppl 1:S55-63. DOI
  14. Ma, L., Lin, S., Chen, R., and Wang, X. Treatment of moderate to severe premenstrual syndrome with Vitex agnus castus (BNO 1095) in Chinese women. Gynecol.Endocrinol. 2010;26(8):612-616. PubMed
  15. Ma, L., Lin, S., Chen, R., Zhang, Y., Chen, F., and Wang, X. Evaluating therapeutic effect in symptoms of moderate-to-severe premenstrual syndrome with Vitex agnus castus (BNO 1095) in Chinese women. Aust.N.Z.J Obstet.Gynaecol. 2010;50(2):189-193. PubMed
  16. Dinç T, Coskun F. Comparison of fructus agni casti and flurbiprofen in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia in premenopausal women. Ulus Cerrahi Derg. 2014 Mar 1;30(1):34-8 PubMed
  17. Momoeda M, Sasaki H, Tagashira E, Ogishima M, Takano Y, Ochiai K. Efficacy and safety of Vitex agnus-castus extract for treatment of premenstrual syndrome in Japanese patients: a prospective, open-label study. Adv Ther. 2014 Mar;31(3):362-73. PubMed
  18. Yavarikia P, Shahnazi M, Hadavand Mirzaie S, Javadzadeh Y, Lutfi R. Comparing the effect of mefenamic Acid and vitex agnus on intrauterine device induced bleeding. J Caring Sci. 2013 Aug 31;2(3):245-54.
  19. Van Die MD, Burger HC, Teede HG, Bone KM. Vitex agnus castus extracts for female reproductive disorders: a systematic review of clinical trials. Planta Med 2013:79:562-575. PubMed
  20. Ooi SL, Watts S, McClean R, Pak SC. Vitex agnus-castus for the treatment of cyclic mastalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2020;29(2):262-278. PubMed
  21. Mollazadeh S, Mirghafourvand M, Abdollahi NG. The effects of Vitex agnus-castus on menstrual bleeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Complement Integr Med. 2019;17(1). pii: /j/jcim.2019.17.issue-1/jcim-2018-0053/jcim-2018-0053.xml.
  22. Najib FS, Poordast T, Mahmudi MS, Shiravani Z, Namazi N, Omrani GR. Does Vitex Agnus-Castus L. Have Deleterious Effect on Fertility and Pregnancy Outcome? An Experimental Study on Rats for Prediction of Its Safety. J Pharmacopuncture 2022;25(2):106-113. PubMed
  23. Somuncu E, Solak IHA. Colonic Obstruction Secondary to Phytobezoar Caused by Vitex Agnus-Castus Seeds: A Case Report. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2022;32(8):S115-S117. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitex Agnus-castus monograph →

Black Cohosh 68 references
  1. McFarlin BL, Gibson MH, O'Rear J, Harman P. A national survey of herbal preparation use by nurse-midwives for labor stimulation. Review of the literature and recommendations for practice. J Nurse Midwifery 1999;44:205-16. PubMed
  2. Whiting PW, Clouston A, Kerlin P. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med J Aust 2002;177:440-3. PubMed
  3. Pepping J. Black cohosh: Cimicifuga racemosa. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:1400-2. PubMed
  4. Liske E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecologic disorders. Adv Ther 1998;15:45-53.
  5. Kruse SO, Lohning A, Pauli GF, et al. Fukiic and piscidic acid esters from the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa and the in vitro estrogenic activity of fukinolic acid. Planta Med 1999;65:763-4.
  6. Jacobson JS, Troxel AB, Evans J, et al. Randomized trial of black cohosh for the treatment of hot flashes among women with a history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2739-45. PubMed
  7. Gunn TR, Wright IM. The use of black and blue cohosh in labour. N Z Med J 1996;109:410-1.
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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