Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Fusil Lemon Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Ajinomoto

Fusil Lemon Flavor label
See full label image
Powder Category: Amino Acid/protein
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Fusil Lemon Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Fusil Lemon Flavor is a dietary supplement by Ajinomoto with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 205 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Fusil Lemon Flavor by Ajinomoto

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Fusil Lemon Flavor by Ajinomoto — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Fusil Lemon Flavor by Ajinomoto

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 3 active ingredients.

Fusil Lemon Flavor is a 3-ingredient powder. It contains sodium as an active ingredient, along with L-Leucine and Fusil.

The inactive ingredients are natural flavor, citric acid, sodium citrate, malic acid, rebaudioside A, fruit and vegetable juice, and non-GMO soy lecithin.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded Sodium's overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports Sodium for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredient's overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Cystic fibrosis — rated "Likely Effective" (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity — rated "Possibly Effective" (Natural Medicines).

The sodium in this product is likely effective for cystic fibrosis and possibly effective for preventing kidney damage from amphotericin B (an antifungal medication). The evidence isn't established for bipolar disorder or congestive heart failure.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is well tolerated in normal dietary amounts and is actually essential for your body. The concern is excess intake, which is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney disease.

The safety data shows mixed pregnancy and lactation ratings: pregnancy is listed as likely safe, but lactation is possibly unsafe. Because the ratings differ, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant or breastfeeding to get personalized advice.

Rare serious side effects from too much sodium include worsened heart disease, high blood pressure, and kidney problems. Population studies also link high sodium intake to increased gastric cancer risk.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: lithium.
  • For scale: 205 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take lithium, blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), corticosteroids, didanosine, sodium phosphates, tolvaptan, or any other sodium-containing medications. All of these have documented Moderate-severity interactions with added sodium.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a sodium-containing powder. It's safe at normal dietary sodium levels, but if you take medications for blood pressure, heart rhythm, or kidneys—or if you take lithium or corticosteroids—you need to check with your doctor or pharmacist before adding a sodium supplement.

Even small changes in sodium intake can affect how some of these drugs work.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 25, 2018.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Fusil Lemon Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Ajinomoto
Barcode (UPC) 071757606388
Net contents 30 Packet(s); 5.91 Oz(s); 168 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 25, 2018
DSLD ID 82223
Product type Amino Acid/protein
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Fusil Lemon Flavor by Ajinomoto, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
5.6 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
5.6 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
071757606388
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates2 Gram(s)1%
Sugar0 Gram(s)--
Sodium95 mg4%
Total Fat0 Gram(s)--
L-Leucine3000 mg--
Fusil:0 NP--

Other ingredients: Natural flavor, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Malic Acid, Rebaudioside A, Fruit and Vegetable juice, non-GMO Soy Lecithin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Patented Ferment-A-Pure Technology 100% all natural

For more than a century, Ajinomoto Co., Inc. has pioneered the development of new and innovated technologies used to manufacture and purify pharmaceutical grade amino acids.

Industry leading purification processes allow quicker absorption, faster bio-availability, proven consistency and unrivaled efficacy. Ajinomoto Co., Inc. is the global leader in production, sales and research of amino acids used for medical, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, sport, nutrition and health industries.

Environmental sustainability

100% vegetable fermentation Laboratory tested

Instantized for higher solubility

cGMP GMP compliant

Studies also suggest the L-leucine may provide support against muscle loss that occurs during the natural aging process, such as sarcopenia, when combined with a supervised exercise program under the care of trained healthcare professional. Ajinomoto Co., Inc. has been the world's leading producer of amino acids for nearly 100 years and has been producing pharmaceutical grade amino acids since 1956. Our amino acids are trusted for clinical research and used by medical doctors, hospitals, professional and Olympic athletes and professional health care facilities worldwide.

Helps stimulate protein synthesis to build muscle May provide support against muscle loss that occurs during the natural aging process Supports healthy blood sugar levels, endurance, energy and muscle recovery Instantized process to provide increased solubility and improved efficacy

Low calorie 30 single serving packets

100% all natural Pharmaceutical grade L-leucine powder 30 x 0.19 oz (6.6g) packets

Brand IP Statement(s)

AjiPure amino acids are fermented using only natural plant-based carbohydrates as raw materials.

AjiPure amino acids stem from over 100 years of clinical and scientific research, yielding unsurpassed quality and purity.

Unlike conventional L-leucine which is very difficult to mix into beverages, Fusil Lemon is instantized through a proprietary process for superior dissolvability and superior bioavailability. Fusil Lemon helps stimulate protein synthesis to build muscle and supports healthy blood sugar levels, endurance, energy and muscle recovery following physical activities.

Pure And Naturally Flavored: Fusil Lemon uses real fruit and vegetable blends to offer a delicious combination of natural flavor, natural color and natural sweetness in an easy to use powder.

AjiPure Amino Acids

Made by Ajinomoto

AjiPure is a registered trademark of Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Fusil is a registered trademark of Ajinomoto Co., Inc.

Formulation

Ajinomoto Co., Inc. never uses raw materials of animal origin in any production process.

Certified Vegan Vegan.org

Gluten free

Non-GMO

No artificial additives/fillers

Zero sugar

No gluten, no yeast, no corn, no wheat, no dairy, no fish, no artificial colors, no preservatives.

Seals/Symbols

Certified Vegan Vegan.org

Non-GMO

Packaged in the USA

BSCG Banned Substances Control Group The gold standard www.BSCG.org Certified drug free

OU

Gluten free

Formula

OU

Fusil Advantage: Fusil Lemon ("Fermented Ultra-Soluble Instantized L-Leucine") contains the world's highest purity, fermented, plant-source L-leucine available on the global market.

Allergen Information: Contains soy.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Fusil Stacks Up: Fusil Lemon with other AjiPure amino acids or other preferred supplements such as protein shakes and various powder preparations for an even more powerful boost. For an added boost to muscular performance and maintenance, try stacking Fusil Lemon with Fusi-BCAA Lemon.

For optimal taste, simply mix one packet of Fusil Lemon powder with cold water and consume completely while beverage is still cold. Stir, Shake Or Blend: Fusil Lemon is versatile in order to meet your specific needs. Fusil Lemon may be mixed with cold water by stirring with a spoon, by shaking in a shaker or by blending in a conventional blender.

Directions & Suggested Use: Take as directed by a healthcare professional, or as a dietary supplement, mix one packet with 20 fl. oz. of cold water or your favorite beverage. Stir, shake or blend well for 20-30 seconds or until Fusil Lemon powder is completely dissolved. For a sweeter taste use less water and for a lighter taste add more water. To aid in muscle fatigue, consume one packet 30 minutes prior to strenuous activity. To support muscle hypertrophy, consume one packet within 30 minutes following strenuous activity.

FDA Statement of Identity

Amino Acid Supplement

Precautions

Allergen Information: Contains soy.

Keep out of reach of children.

Tamper Resistant: Do not use if seal is broken.

Warning: Consult your physician prior to consuming this product if you are pregnant, taking medication, or have any medical condition.

Storage

Store in a cool dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Fusil Lemon Flavor by Ajinomoto label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Fusil Lemon Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Fusil Lemon Flavor by Ajinomoto

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size5.6 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

0 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
95 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

L-Leucine

3000 mg per serving

Fusil:

0 NP per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Natural flavor, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Malic Acid, Rebaudioside A, Fruit and Vegetable juice, Non-GMO Soy Lecithin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Fusil Lemon Flavor by Ajinomoto Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Fusil Lemon Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
205Drugs
205 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Fusil Lemon Flavor interact with 205 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 4 ingredients in Fusil Lemon Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sodium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Fusil Lemon Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Fusil Lemon Flavor, from the product label.

Ajinomoto

See all Ajinomoto products
Name
Ajinomoto North America, Inc.
Street Address
4020 Ajinomoto Dr.
City
Raleigh
State
NC
ZipCode
27610
Phone Number
(855) 254-7873
Web Address
www.AJIPURE.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Fusil Lemon Flavor by Ajinomoto: Common Questions

Does Fusil Lemon Flavor by Ajinomoto interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Fusil Lemon Flavor has a known interaction with 205 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Fusil Lemon Flavor contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is sodium in this product safe for pregnancy and breastfeeding?
The data shows sodium is likely safe in pregnancy but possibly unsafe during breastfeeding. Since the two ratings differ, talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice based on your situation.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure medicine?
High sodium intake can reduce how well blood pressure medications work and may require your doctor to increase your dose. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before adding this product.
What happens if I take this with lithium?
Sodium affects lithium levels directly: high sodium intake lowers lithium levels and reduces its effect, while low sodium intake raises lithium levels and increases toxicity risk. This is a serious interaction—talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking any sodium supplement if you're on lithium.
What is L-Leucine in this product for?
We hold no interaction data for L-Leucine in our system, so we can't tell you about its role or side effects from the product facts alone.
How much sodium does this powder contain per serving?
The product facts don't specify the sodium amount per serving, so check the nutrition label on the package or contact the manufacturer.
Is this product a salt substitute?
It's a flavored powder containing sodium, but the product facts don't describe it as a salt substitute or explain its intended use beyond the medical conditions mentioned.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Fusil Lemon Flavor is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Fusil Lemon Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Fusil Lemon Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Fusil Lemon Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 38 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
  33. Liu J, Yang X, Zhang P, et al. Association of urinary sodium excretion and left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:728493. PubMed
  34. Filippini T, Malavolti M, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Sodium intake and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022;24(5):133-144. PubMed
  35. Wang DD, Li Y, Nguyen XT, et al. Dietary sodium and potassium intake and risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases: The million veteran program. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1121. PubMed
  36. Kwak JH, Park CH, Eun CS, et al. The associations of dietary intake of high sodium and low zinc with gastric cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study in Korea. Nutr Cancer 2022;74(10):3501-3508. PubMed
  37. George S, Maiti R, Mishra BR, Jena M, Mohapatra D. Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2023;25(1):66-75. PubMed
  38. Zhou TL, Schütten MTJ, Kroon AA, et al. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Salt Intake Are Not Associated With Blood Pressure Variability in a White General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12(1):e026578. PubMed

See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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