Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Illumination Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Regime London

Illumination label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Illumination against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Illumination is a dietary supplement by Regime London with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for preventing or treating copper deficiency, supporting red blood cell formation, bone and connective tissue health.Based on those ingredients, 472 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Aloe vera extract, Cucumber powder, Copper. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Illumination by Regime London

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Illumination by Regime London — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Illumination by Regime London

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 6, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Illumination contains 5 active ingredients. Copper supports normal body function and is rated likely effective for copper deficiency.

Cucumber powder and aloe vera extract are traditional botanical ingredients; aloe has been rated possibly effective for acne, burns, constipation, diabetes, obesity, and psoriasis, while cucumber's effectiveness for its proposed uses is not well established in the data we hold. Avocado extract is rated possibly effective for high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia).

Setria (glutathione) is rated possibly effective for nerve damage from the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, though its longer-term safety profile is less clear. The capsule also contains inactive ingredients: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, rice flour, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Copper deficiency — rated "Likely Effective" (Copper) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Oral submucous fibrosis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Aloe) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hypercholesterolemia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Avocado) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity — rated "Possibly Effective" (Glutathione) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Genital herpes — rated "Possibly Effective" (Aloe) (Natural Medicines).

Copper is likely effective for copper deficiency. Aloe vera extract is rated possibly effective for acne, burns, constipation, diabetes, obesity, and psoriasis.

Avocado extract is possibly effective for high cholesterol. Setria (glutathione) is possibly effective for nerve damage from cisplatin chemotherapy.

Cucumber powder, copper for Alzheimer disease and other uses, and most other uses have insufficient evidence in the data we hold to establish whether they work.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Copper Cucumber Aloe Avocado Glutathione

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Copper is generally well tolerated in amounts found in food and standard supplements, but excess copper can be toxic; you're advised to stay within recommended amounts and avoid high-dose supplements without medical guidance. Aloe vera extract, when taken by mouth as the latex form, carries greater risk of side effects — the most common are abdominal pain, cramps, and diarrhea, and long-term use can cause serious electrolyte imbalances and muscle weakness.

Cucumber powder is generally well tolerated as a food; concentrated supplements or extracts have not been studied in pregnancy or breastfeeding. Avocado extract is generally well tolerated but may trigger allergic cross-reactions in people with latex allergy, and rarely can cause a severe gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity reaction.

Setria appears well tolerated short-term by mouth, though long-term safety is less clear.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Copper Cucumber Aloe Avocado Glutathione

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Aloe, Avocado, Copper, Cucumber.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 472 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Illumination, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take digoxin or other heart medications (the aloe vera extract carries a Major risk of toxicity), blood thinners like warfarin, antidiabetes drugs, diuretics (water pills), stimulant laxatives, or oral contraceptives. Altogether, these interactions span 472 individual medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Illumination may appeal to people looking for a supplement combining traditional botanical ingredients with minerals and antioxidants, but the aloe vera extract and other components here carry multiple medication interactions you need to check before starting — especially if you take heart medications, blood thinners, diabetes drugs, diuretics, or oral contraceptives. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you and whether it will work safely with any medications or supplements you're already taking.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 24, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Illumination, straight from the product label.

Brand Regime London
Net contents 15 Gram(s); 30 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 24, 2020
DSLD ID 227913
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Illumination by Regime London, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Copper15 mg111%
Cucumber powder100 mg--
Aloe vera extract1000 mg--
Avocado extract300 mg--
Setria250 mg--

Other ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Rice Flour, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Setria is a registered trademark of KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD

Forza

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: For adults, take one capsule daily with an 8 oz. glass of water. Do not exceed the stated recommended daily dose.

Precautions

Warning: This product is only intended for use by healthy adults over the age of 18. Do not exceed the stated recommended dose.

If you are pregnant, nursing, have any serious medical condition or are taking any other dietary supplement, prescription drug or over-the-counter medication, please consult a licensed, qualified healthcare professional before use.

Dietary supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied diet. Immediately discontinue use and consult a licensed, qualified healthcare professional if you experience any adverse reaction to this product.

Do not use if seal under cap is broken or missing.

Keep out of sight and reach of children.

General Statements

For best before end and lot number, please see base of pack.

True beauty radiates from within Regime London nutricosmetics are designed to provide a deeper level of beauty care and support, helping to bring the inner you to the surface. Unlike outer cosmetics, our range of beauty enhancers can provide a genuine and long-lasting impact by focusing on the interior building blocks responsible for outward health and appearance.

Beauty from within

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Formulation

Country of Origin: Made in the United Kingdom. Product produced in a GMP-Certified Facility.

Suitable for vegetarians

Brighter skin tone Increases skin brightness Lightens dark areas of skin Supports normal skin colouring

Setria has been shown to promote brighter and lighter skin in darker skin-type individuals

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Illumination The benefits Setria Setria is a highly pure form of glutathione, which is a tripeptide made up of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine and glycine

It has also been shown to reduce fine lines and wrinkles in middle aged women

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Illumination by Regime London label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Illumination label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Illumination by Regime London

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Copper

Interacts with
31 drugs
15 mg per serving Form: Copper Gluconate

Copper is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for making red blood cells, supporting nerves and bones, and helping enzymes wor...

Copper monograph & interactions

Cucumber powder

Interacts with
86 drugs
100 mg per serving

Cucumber is a common food vegetable that is mostly water and is generally safe to eat. As a supplement or skincare ingredient it is popular for hydrat...

Cucumber powder monograph & interactions

Aloe vera extract

Interacts with
461 drugs
1000 mg per serving

Aloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help. Aloe latex (the yellow part) is a str...

Aloe vera extract monograph & interactions

Avocado extract

Interacts with
2 drugs
300 mg per serving

Avocado is a nutritious fruit rich in healthy monounsaturated fats, fiber, and potassium, and eating it as part of a balanced diet may support heart h...

Avocado extract monograph & interactions

Setria

No known
interactions
250 mg per serving

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant your body makes naturally, and many people take it as a supplement hoping for skin, detox, or anti-aging benefit...

Setria monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Rice Flour, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Illumination by Regime London Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Illumination?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
472Drugs
1 Major 305 Moderate 166 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Aloe vera extract 461
Cucumber powder 86
Copper 31
Avocado extract 2

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Illumination interact with 472 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in Illumination interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Aloe vera extract Cucumber powder Copper Avocado extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Illumination with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Aloe vera extract7 drug types · 461 drugs

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with cardiac glycosides.
Overuse of aloe latex can increase the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycoside drugs, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion. Overuse of aloe, along with cardiac glycoside drugs, can increase the risk of toxicity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, aloe gel might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aloe gel can inhibit platelet aggregation. This inhibition was greater than that seen with celecoxib, but less than that seen with aspirin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Aloe might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research suggests aloe gel might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of aloe latex might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss, increasing the risk of hypokalemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stimulant Laxatives

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Due to cathartic laxative effects of aloe latex, concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, aloe latex might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Aloe latex has stimulant laxative effects. In some people aloe latex can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of aloe vera.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, aloe might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that aloe extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Aloe vera extract full monograph & interactions

Cucumber powder1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, cucumber seed might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and may increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that cucumber seed extract can decrease blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cucumber powder full monograph & interactions

Copper2 drug types · 31 drugs

Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Theoretically, taking copper with penicillamine might decrease the absorption of penicillamine; separate dosing by at least 2 hours.
Copper chelates penicillamine, which decreases its absorption and may reduce its clinical effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking copper with contraceptive drugs might increase the levels and toxic effects of copper.
A meta-analysis of clinical studies suggests that chronic use of oral contraceptives increases serum copper levels by a mean of 57 mcg/dL. In most people, this resulted in levels above the normal reference range for copper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Copper full monograph & interactions

Avocado extract1 drug type · 2 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Avocado may antagonize the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Avocado may antagonize the anticoagulant effects of warfarin; however, there has been only one case report of this interaction.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Avocado extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Illumination, from the product label.

Regime London

See all Regime London products
Name
Forza Inc.
Street Address
123 Town Square Place #518
City
Jersey City
State
NJ
ZipCode
07310
Phone Number
888.888.8888
Web Address
www.Regime.London
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Illumination by Regime London: Common Questions

Does Illumination by Regime London interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Illumination has a known interaction with 472 medications, including 1 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Illumination contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
The facts show mixed data. Copper is rated likely safe in recommended amounts and is actually needed in pregnancy, but avoid high-dose supplements. Aloe vera extract by mouth is rated possibly unsafe — the latex may stimulate the uterus and act as a strong laxative, so it should be avoided. Cucumber, avocado, and glutathione (Setria) have not been well studied in pregnancy. Because this product contains aloe, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking it.
Is this safe to take while breastfeeding?
Copper is rated likely safe in recommended amounts. Aloe is rated possibly unsafe — avoid it while breastfeeding because of limited safety data and its laxative effects. Cucumber, avocado, and glutathione have not been well studied during breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized guidance.
What's Setria, and does it actually work?
Setria is a brand name for glutathione, an antioxidant made by your body. It's rated possibly effective for nerve damage caused by the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, but the evidence for other uses like Alzheimer disease or athletic performance is not established. Long-term safety data is limited.
Can I take this with my blood thinner (warfarin)?
No — not without checking with your doctor first. Both the aloe vera extract and avocado extract in this product may interfere with warfarin's effectiveness or increase bleeding risk through different mechanisms. This is a Moderate-severity interaction that needs medical review.
What are the most common side effects?
The ingredients are generally well tolerated, but aloe vera extract — especially if used long-term — can cause abdominal pain, cramps, and diarrhea. In rare cases, cucumber can trigger allergic reactions including anaphylaxis. Topically, aloe may cause burning, itching, or contact dermatitis in sensitive people.
Will this interact with my diabetes medication?
Possibly. Both aloe vera extract and cucumber powder may lower blood sugar on their own, so combining them with diabetes drugs could increase your risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Monitor your blood glucose closely and talk with your doctor before starting this product.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Illumination is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Illumination label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Illumination’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Copper

Interacts with 31 drugs

Copper is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for making red blood cells, supporting nerves and bones, and helping enzymes work. Most people get enough copper from fo...

Read the full Copper monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cucumber

Interacts with 86 drugs

Cucumber is a common food vegetable that is mostly water and is generally safe to eat. As a supplement or skincare ingredient it is popular for hydration and soothing the skin, but solid hum...

Read the full Cucumber monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Aloe

Interacts with 461 drugs

Aloe vera gel is widely used on the skin for minor burns and irritation, and some research suggests it may help. Aloe latex (the yellow part) is a strong laxative that can cause cramping and...

Read the full Aloe monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Avocado

Interacts with 2 drugs

Avocado is a nutritious fruit rich in healthy monounsaturated fats, fiber, and potassium, and eating it as part of a balanced diet may support heart health. A specific extract called avocado...

Read the full Avocado monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glutathione

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant your body makes naturally, and many people take it as a supplement hoping for skin, detox, or anti-aging benefits. However, strong human evidence is lim...

Read the full Glutathione monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Illumination's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 67 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Copper 11 references
  1. Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
  2. Campbell IA, Elmes PC. Ethambutol and the eye: zinc and copper (letter). Lancet 1975;2:711. DOI
  3. Segal S, Kaminski S. Drug-nutrient interactions. American Druggist 1996 Jul;42-8.
  4. Kozak SF, Inderlied CB, Hsu HY, et al. The role of copper on ethambutol's antimicrobial action and implications for ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 1998;30:83-7. PubMed
  5. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  6. Cantilena LR, Klaassen CD. The effect of chelating agents on the excretion of endogenous metals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1982;63:344-50.
  7. Babic Z, Tariba B, Kovacic J, Pizent A, Varnai VM, Macan J. Relevance of serum copper elevation induced by oral contraceptives: a meta-analysis. Contraception. 2013 Jun;87(6):790-800. PubMed
  8. Qui Q, Zhang F, Zhu W, Wu J, Liang M. Copper in diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review of plasma and serum studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017;177(1):53-63.
  9. Walker-Smith PK, Keith DJ, Kennedy CT, Sansom JE. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by copper. Contact Dermatitis 2016;75(3):186-7. PubMed
  10. Gallentine A. Third-degree burn on the neuropathic lower extremity in a patient with diabetes while wearing a copper-containing compression sock: a case report. Wound Manag Prev 2021;67(12):26-29. DOI
  11. Chung KJ, Chin YM, Wong MS, Sanmugam A, Singaravel S, Nah SA. Effectiveness of table salt versus copper sulphate in treating umbilical granuloma: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Surg 2022;57(2):261-265. PubMed

See these in context on the Copper monograph →

Cucumber 4 references
  1. Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Safety assessment of Cucumis sativus (cucumber)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2014;33(2 suppl):47S-64S.
  2. Vlaicu PC, Rusu LC, Ledesma A, et al. Cucumber anaphylaxis in a latex-sensitized patient. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2011;21(3):236-9.
  3. Minaiyan M, Zolfaghari B, Kamal A. Effect of hydroalcoholic and buthanolic extract of Cucumis sativus seeds on blood glucose level of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2011;14(5):436-42.
  4. Zachariae CO. Cucumber contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2000;43(4):240-1. DOI

See these in context on the Cucumber monograph →

Aloe 41 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Wichtl MW. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Ed. N.M. Bisset. Stuttgart: Medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers, 1994.
  3. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  4. Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5. PubMed
  5. Luyckx VA, Ballantine R, Claeys M, et al. Herbal remedy-associated acute renal failure secondary to Cape aloes. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:E13. PubMed
  6. Rajasekaran S, Sivagnanam K, Ravi K, Subramanian S. Hypoglycemic effect of Aloe vera gel on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in experimental rats. J Med Food 2004;7:61-6.
  7. Williams MS, Burk M, Loprinzi CL, et al. Phase III double-blind evaluation of an aloe vera gel as a prophylactic agent for radiation-induced skin toxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;36:345-9. PubMed
  8. Vogler BK, Ernst E. Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness. Br J Gen Pract 1999;49:823-8.
  9. Bottenberg MM, Wall GC, Harvey RL, Habib S. Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:1740-3. PubMed
  10. Rabe C, Musch A, Schirmacher P, et al. Acute hepatitis induced by an Aloe vera preparation: a case report. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:303-4. PubMed
  11. Kanat O, Ozet A, Ataergin S. Aloe vera-induced acute toxic hepatitis in a healthy young man. Eur J Int Med 2006;17:589. PubMed
  12. Mueller SO, Stopper H. Characterization of the genotoxicity of anthraquinones in mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999;1428:406-14. PubMed
  13. Schorkhuber M, Richter M, Dutter A, et al. Effect of anthraquinone laxatives on the proliferation and urokinase secretion of normal, premalignant and malignant colonic epithelial cells. Eur J Cancer 1998;34:1091-8. PubMed
  14. Yang HN, Kim DJ, Kim YM, et al. Aloe-induced toxic hepatitis. J Korean Med Sci 2010;25:492-5. PubMed
  15. Choonhakarn C, Busaracome P, Sripanidkulchai B, et al. A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing topical aloe vera with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. J.Eur.Acad.Dermatol.Venereol. 2010;24:168-72. PubMed
  16. Ishii Y, Tanizawa H, Takino Y. Studies of aloe. IV. Mechanism of cathartic effect. (3). Biol Pharm Bull. 1994;17:495-7. PubMed
  17. Ishii Y, Tanizawa H, Takino Y. Studies of aloe. V. Mechanism of cathartic effect. (4). Biol Pharm Bull. 1994;17:651-3. PubMed
  18. Nelemans FA. Clinical and toxicological aspects of anthraquinone laxatives. Pharmacology. 1976;14 Suppl 1:73-7. PubMed
  19. Paulsen E, Korsholm L, Brandrup F. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a commercial Aloe vera gel in the treatment of slight to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19:326-31.
  20. Huseini HF, Kianbakht S, Hajiaghaee R, et al. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of Aloe vera leaf gel in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Planta Med. 2012;78:311-6
  21. Ferreira, M., Teixeira, M., Silva, E., and Selores, M. Allergic contact dermatitis to Aloe vera. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57(4):278-279.
  22. Choonhakarn, C., Busaracome, P., Sripanidkulchai, B., and Sarakarn, P. The efficacy of aloe vera gel in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2008;158(3):573-577. PubMed
  23. Baretta, Z., Ghiotto, C., Marino, D., and Jirillo, A. Aloe-induced hypokalemia in a patient with breast cancer during chemotherapy. Ann.Oncol. 2009;20(8):1445-1446. PubMed
  24. Hunter, D. and Frumkin, A. Adverse reactions to vitamin E and aloe vera preparations after dermabrasion and chemical peel. Cutis 1991;47(3):193-196.
  25. Alvarez-Perea, A., Garcia, A. P., Hernandez, A. L., de, Barrio M., and Baeza, M. L. Urticaria due to aloe vera: a new sensitizer? Ann.Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;105(5):404-405. PubMed
  26. Hogan, D. J. Widespread dermatitis after topical treatment of chronic leg ulcers and stasis dermatitis. CMAJ. 2-15-1988;138(4):336-338.
  27. Savchak VI. Acute bullous allergic dermatitis due to local application of aloe leaves. Vestnik Dermatologii i Venerologii 1977;12:44-45.
  28. Nakamura, T. and Kotajima, S. Contact dermatitis from aloe arborescens. Contact Dermatitis 1984;11(1):51. PubMed
  29. Shoji, A. Contact dermatitis to Aloe arborescens. Contact Dermatitis 1982;8(3):164-167. PubMed
  30. Morrow, D. M., Rapaport, M. J., and Strick, R. A. Hypersensitivity to aloe. Arch Dermatol. 1980;116(9):1064-1065. DOI
  31. Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of AloeAndongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice,aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower E
  32. Bhalang K, Thunyakitpisal P, Rungsirisatean N. Acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera, is effective in the treatment of oral aphthous ulceration. J Altern Complement Med 2013;19(5):429-34.
  33. Hajheydari Z, Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Soltani A. Effect of Aloe vera topical gel combined with tretinoin in treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial. J Dermatolog Treat 2014;25(2):123-9.
  34. Jiménez-Encarnación E, Ríos G, Muñoz-Mirabal A, Vilá LM. Euforia-induced acute hepatitis in a patient with scleroderma. BMJ Case Rep 2012;2012. PubMed
  35. Lee J, Lee MS, Nam KW. Acute toxic hepatitis caused by an aloe vera preparation in a young patient: a case report with a literature review. Korean J Gastroenterol 2014;64(1):54-8. PubMed
  36. Guo X, Mei N. Aloe Vera - A Review of Toxicity and Adverse Clinical Effects. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2016;34(2):77-96.
  37. Hoogenboom TCH, Patel N, Cook NA, Williams R, Taylor-Robinson SD, Lim AKP. The effect of Aloe vera juice on liver enzymes and hepatic structure in a healthy population. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020;19(3):30-4.
  38. Mushtaq S, Mushtaq Z, Sarfraz J, et al. Comparison of effect of aloe vera gel with aspirin and celecoxib on platelet aggregation. Professional Med J. 2020; 27(5):973-978. DOI
  39. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  40. Sabbaghzadegan S, Soltani MH, Kamalinejad M, Bahrami M, Kabir A, Dadmehr M. The effect of a standardized capsule of Aloe vera gel on the quality of life in patients with systolic heart failure: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  41. Lewis ED, Crowley DC, Guthrie N, Evans M. Healthy adults supplemented with a nutraceutical formulation containing Aloe vera gel, rosemary and Poria cocos enhances the effect of influenza vaccination in a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PubMed

See these in context on the Aloe monograph →

Avocado 10 references
  1. Blickstein D, Shaklai M, Inbal A. Warfarin antagonism by avocado. Lancet 1991;337:914-5. PubMed
  2. Blanco C, Diaz-Perales A, Collada C, et al. Class I chitinases as potential panallergens involved in the latex-fruit syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103(3 Pt 1):507-13. PubMed
  3. Diaz-Perales A, Collada C, Blanco C, et al. Cross-reactions in the latex-fruit syndrome: A relevant role of chitinases but not of complex asparagine-linked glycans. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:681-7. PubMed
  4. Stucker M, Memmel U, Hoffmann M, et al. Vitamin B(12) cream containing avocado oil in the therapy of plaque psoriasis. Dermatology 2001;203:141-7.
  5. Ahlroth, M., Alenius, H., Turjanmaa, K., Makinen-Kiljunen, S., Reunala, T., and Palosuo, T. Cross-reacting allergens in natural rubber latex and avocado. J.Allergy Clin.Immunol. 1995;96(2):167-173. PubMed
  6. de Groot, A. C., van der Meeren, H. L., and Weyland, J. W. Contact allergy to avocado oil in a sunscreen. Contact Dermatitis 1987;16(2):108-109. PubMed
  7. Blanco, C., Carrillo, T., Castillo, R., Quiralte, J., and Cuevas, M. Avocado hypersensitivity. Allergy 1994;49(6):454-459. PubMed
  8. Crisi, G. and Belsito, D. V. Contact urticaria from latex in a patient with immediate hypersensitivity to banana, avocado and peach. Contact Dermatitis 1993;28(4):247-248.
  9. Cherian S, Neupert K, Varshney P. Avocado as an emerging trigger for food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121(3):369-71. PubMed
  10. Lichtenstein AH, Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, et al. Effect of Incorporating 1 Avocado Per Day Versus Habitual Diet on Visceral Adiposity: A Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2022;11(14):e025657.

See these in context on the Avocado monograph →

Glutathione 1 reference
  1. Marrades RM, Roca J, Barbera JA, et al. Nebulized glutathione induces bronchoconstriction in patients with mild asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156(2 Pt 1):425-30. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutathione monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Drug–drug interactions › Check two or more of your medications against each other Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements NDC & pricing lookup › Find a drug’s NDCs, packaging and costs Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team