Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by SmartyPants

Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme label
See full label image
Gummy Or Jelly Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme is a dietary supplement by SmartyPants with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 491 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract, Sodium, Bacillus subtilis DE111. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme by SmartyPants

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme by SmartyPants — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme by SmartyPants

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “SmartyPants Probiotic Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (40 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This gummy contains 4 active ingredients. Sodium is a mineral naturally present in foods; in small amounts it's essential for nerve and muscle function, but excess is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain.

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract is a fiber-like compound from yeast cell walls that may support heart and cholesterol health. The probiotic blend includes Bacillus subtilis DE111 and Bacillus coagulans — live beneficial bacteria that are meant to support digestive and immune function.

The product also contains inactive ingredients like cane sugar, tapioca syrup, pectin, citric acid, corn starch, sodium citrate, and other excipients (fillers, binders, and colors).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Immunity and digestive health support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Constipation, Diarrhea, Flatulence, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Bacillus Coagulans is rated "Possibly Effective" for Constipation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Bacillus Coagulans is rated "Possibly Effective" for Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  • Also on file: Bacillus Subtilis is rated "Possibly Effective" for Antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Evidence on effectiveness is mixed and depends on what you're hoping this product will do. Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan has Likely Effective evidence for supporting heart health and cholesterol levels.

Bacillus coagulans is Possibly Effective for constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. Bacillus subtilis DE111 is Possibly Effective for antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

For many other uses — athletic performance, blood sugar control, eczema, and general immunity — the evidence in our data is insufficient to say whether it works. Sodium's effectiveness ratings in our data relate to rare medical conditions and aren't relevant to typical use of this children's gummy.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Beta-glucans Bacillus Subtilis Bacillus Coagulans

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan from food sources is generally well tolerated; concentrated supplement forms lack extensive safety data. Both Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans are generally well tolerated in healthy children, but product quality and safety can vary.

Rare reports of serious bacterial infection (bacteremia) exist in severely ill or immunocompromised patients, though healthy children with intact immune systems are at very low risk. Headache and diarrhea have been reported rarely with Bacillus subtilis.

Sodium in normal dietary amounts is fine, but excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and increased gastric cancer risk in population studies — avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without medical advice. For pregnancy and breastfeeding, sodium is rated Likely Safe but Beta-Glucan is rated Possibly Unsafe; limited safety data exists for both probiotics in pregnancy and breastfeeding, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Beta-glucans Bacillus Subtilis Bacillus Coagulans

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beta-glucans, Bacillus Coagulans, Sodium, Bacillus Subtilis.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 491 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before giving this product, double-check if your child is on lithium (mood stabilizer) — sodium changes can affect its levels seriously. Also verify any antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medications), corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, didanosine, or sodium-containing medications.

All are Moderate severity interactions. Separate antibiotic doses from the probiotics by at least a few hours if possible.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a multi-ingredient kids' formula, so if your child takes any medications — especially for blood pressure, mood, heart rhythm, HIV, immune suppression, or antibiotics — check with your pharmacist first. The sodium and probiotic content mean timing and drug interactions matter.

Talk to your pharmacist before starting, especially if your child has kidney disease, high blood pressure, or a compromised immune system.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 24, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme, straight from the product label.

Brand SmartyPants
Barcode (UPC) 817053020059
Net contents 60 Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 24, 2020
DSLD ID 227988
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Vegan, Vegetarian, Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme by SmartyPants, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
817053020059
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)1%, 3%
Sugar3 Gram(s)--
Sodium10 mg1%, 1%
Added Sugars3 Gram(s)5%, 11%
Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract70 mg--
Bacillus subtilis DE11130 mg--
SmartyPants Probiotic Blend40 mg--
Bacillus coagulans10 mg--

Other ingredients: Cane Sugar, Tapioca Syrup, Pectin, Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Corn Starch, Sodium Citrate, Medium Chain Triglycerides, Colors added, Carnauba wax

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

We want you to know That every nutrient that goes into our gummies is carefully chosen based on extensive research. And just as much care goes into making them delicious.

Instagram @SmartyPants

100% PCR This bottle is made from 100% post-consumer recycled material.

Vitamin Angels Proud supporter 1-for-1 partner

Formula

Vegan superstar ingredients 4 billion CFU Probiotic strains DE111 & Lactospore Beta-glucan for clinically proven immune support

1 Delicious Flavor Strawberry Creme

Seals/Symbols

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org

Clean Label Project Purity Award AVA Certified Vegan American Vegetarian Association

Formulation

Non GMO

Prebiotic - Probiotic Immunity and Digestion

AVA Certified Vegan American Vegetarian Association

Free of gelatin, synthetic colors, artificial flavors and preservatives, wheat, milk, eggs, soy, gluten, peanuts, tree nut allergens, fish, shellfish, and salicylates. Yay!

Every batch 3rd party lab tested

Manufactured in Canada and packaged in California.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: For children 3 years of age and older, take two (2) gummies daily. Maybe taken with or without food. Chew each gummy thoroughly.

Brand IP Statement(s)

M-Gard is a registered trademark of Biotec BetaGlucans AS, Troms, Norway DE111 is a registered trademark of Deerland Enzymes Lactospore is a registered trademark of Sabinsa Corp.

Precautions

Warning Keep out of reach of children.

Consult your health care provider before use if you have a medical condition, are on any medications, are planning a medical procedure, or are pregnant or nursing.

Do not use if inner safety seal is broken. Do not exceed recommended dosage.

Storage

Do not freeze, product may darken over time.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme by SmartyPants label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme by SmartyPants

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

3 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract

Interacts with
293 drugs
70 mg per serving

Beta-glucans are natural fibers found in oats, barley, mushrooms, and yeast. The strongest evidence supports the oat and barley types for modestly low...

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract monograph & interactions

SmartyPants Probiotic Blend

40 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cane Sugar, Tapioca Syrup, Pectin, Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Corn Starch, Sodium Citrate, Medium Chain Triglycerides, Colors added, Carnauba wax. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme by SmartyPants Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
491Drugs
491 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract 293
Sodium 205
Bacillus subtilis DE111 182
Bacillus coagulans 182

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme interact with 491 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract Sodium Bacillus subtilis DE111 Bacillus coagulans

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract2 drug types · 293 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking beta-glucans with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research shows that taking beta-glucans may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in some hypertensive individuals.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, beta-glucans might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Some clinical research shows that beta-glucans have immunostimulant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Baker's Yeast Beta-Glucan extract full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Bacillus subtilis DE1111 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bacillus subtilis with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. subtilis.
Since B. subtilis preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. subtilis preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bacillus subtilis DE111 full monograph & interactions

Bacillus coagulans1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking antibiotics with Bacillus coagulans might decrease the effectiveness of B. coagulans.
B. coagulans preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. coagulans preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bacillus coagulans full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme, from the product label.

SmartyPants

See all SmartyPants products
Name
SmartyPants, Inc.
City
Marina del Rey
State
CA
ZipCode
90292
Phone Number
1-888-751-2291
Web Address
www.SmartyPantsVitamins.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme by SmartyPants: Common Questions

Does Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme by SmartyPants interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme has a known interaction with 491 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can my child take this if they're on an antibiotic?
The live bacteria in this gummy can be killed by antibiotics, which might reduce how well the probiotic works. Talk to your pharmacist about timing — separating the antibiotic and this product by a few hours may help. Don't skip the antibiotic to take the gummy.
Does this have a lot of sodium in it?
Yes, sodium is one of the active ingredients. For a healthy child eating a normal diet, this shouldn't be a concern. But if your child is on blood pressure medication, takes lithium, or has kidney or heart issues, check with your pharmacist about whether the added sodium is okay.
Is this safe for my baby or toddler?
Our data doesn't have specific dosing or safety information for very young children. Ask your pediatrician or pharmacist whether this product is appropriate for your child's age.
What do the probiotics (the bacteria) do?
Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans are live beneficial bacteria meant to support digestive health and immunity. Bacillus coagulans is Possibly Effective for constipation and irritable bowel syndrome; Bacillus subtilis is Possibly Effective for diarrhea linked to antibiotics.
Does this product have any fillers?
Yes — it contains inactive ingredients including cane sugar, tapioca syrup, pectin, corn starch, citric acid, and natural flavors that help make the gummy work and taste good. These are normal for gummy supplements.
Is it safe while breastfeeding?
Our data on the probiotics and beta-glucan during breastfeeding is limited. Sodium is rated Likely Safe, but beta-glucan is rated Possibly Unsafe. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this if you're nursing.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-glucans

Interacts with 293 drugs

Beta-glucans are natural fibers found in oats, barley, mushrooms, and yeast. The strongest evidence supports the oat and barley types for modestly lowering cholesterol and blood sugar, while...

Read the full Beta-glucans monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacillus Subtilis

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming probiotic bacterium found in soil and some fermented foods, and it is used mainly to support gut health and digestion. Early research is promising for ce...

Read the full Bacillus Subtilis monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacillus Coagulans

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming probiotic that survives stomach acid well and may help with some digestive problems such as IBS, constipation, and certain types of diarrhea. The eviden...

Read the full Bacillus Coagulans monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Kids Prebiotic and Probiotic Immunity Formula Strawberry Creme's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 79 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
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See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Beta-glucans 11 references
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See these in context on the Beta-glucans monograph →

Bacillus Subtilis 10 references
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  5. Velasco E, Martins CA, Tabak D, Bouzas LF. "Bacillus subtilis" infection in a patient submitted to a bone marrow transplantation. Rev Paul Med 1992;110(3):116-7.
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See these in context on the Bacillus Subtilis monograph →

Bacillus Coagulans 20 references
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See these in context on the Bacillus Coagulans monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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