Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 4 of 11 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

MentaBiotics Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Amare

MentaBiotics label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking MentaBiotics against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

MentaBiotics is a dietary supplement by Amare with 11 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive health and regularity, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), diarrhea (including antibiotic-related).Based on those ingredients, 1,398 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Suntheanine, Bifidobacterium longum R0175, Lactobacillus helveticus R0052. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against MentaBiotics by Amare

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with MentaBiotics by Amare — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of MentaBiotics by Amare

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 13 active ingredients.
  • “Amare GBX+ Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “MW3 Prebiotic Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (5,380 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “MW3 Probiotic Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

MentaBiotics contains 13 active ingredients designed to support gut and cognitive function. The formula includes L-glutamine (an amino acid for digestive health), two probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus helveticus), and theanine (Suntheanine) for focus and calm.

It also contains fruit and plant extracts — Applephenon from apple, Enovita from grape, and several prebiotic fibers — plus proprietary blends for digestive support and phytonutrients. The powder also contains inactive ingredients: natural flavors, citric acid, malic acid, and stevia leaf extract.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Advanced gut-brain nutrition.
  • We looked for evidence on: Abdominal pain, Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection, Cognitive function, Constipation — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Theanine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cognitive function (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Crohn disease, Radiation-induced diarrhea.
  • Also on file: Apple is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Diarrhea.

The evidence for most uses in MentaBiotics is not well established in the data we hold. L-glutamine is effective for sickle cell disease and possibly effective for HIV/AIDS-related wasting and recovery after surgery or critical illness, though most of that research focuses on medical use rather than supplementation.

Theanine is possibly effective for cognitive function. The two Lactobacillus strains and Bifidobacterium have insufficient evidence in our data for the conditions listed (from cognitive decline and anxiety to athletic performance and antibiotic-associated diarrhea).

Grape extract is possibly effective for chronic venous insufficiency (poor circulation in the legs) but possibly ineffective for allergies, nausea from chemotherapy, and weight loss. We don't have effectiveness data for many of the other ingredients.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Bifidobacterium Longum Lactobacillus Helveticus Theanine Glutamine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-glutamine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but should be used only under medical supervision by people with kidney or liver disease. Common side effects include belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting — especially at high doses.

Rare cases of dizziness and mania have been reported, particularly in people with bipolar disorder. The probiotic strains are generally well tolerated in healthy people but require caution in severely ill or immune-compromised patients; very rare cases of serious infection have been reported.

Theanine is generally well tolerated short-term but long-term safety is not well studied; it may cause headaches, drowsiness, or increased dream activity. Avoid theanine during pregnancy and breastfeeding — there isn't enough safety data.

Data for L-glutamine in pregnancy and breastfeeding are limited, so talk with your doctor. Apple extract as a food is safe in normal amounts; concentrated extracts are not well studied in pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Grape as food is considered safe in pregnancy, though concentrated supplements are not; it's safe while breastfeeding as food but not well studied as a supplement. Rare allergic reactions including anaphylaxis have been reported for apple and grape products.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Bifidobacterium Longum Lactobacillus Helveticus Theanine Glutamine

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Apple, Grape, Glutamine, Theanine, Bifidobacterium Longum, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,399 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking MentaBiotics, double-check with your pharmacist if you take blood pressure medications (especially atenolol), fexofenadine (an antihistamine), aliskiren (a blood pressure drug), or lithium — the apple extract significantly reduces their absorption. If you take anticonvulsants, tell your pharmacist about the L-glutamine.

Blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs need a check because of grape extract's theoretical anticoagulant effects. Antibiotics may be less effective if taken at the same time as the probiotics — separate them by a few hours.

Anyone taking medications that depend on liver enzymes (cytochrome P450) should verify with their pharmacist before starting, as the grape extract may affect drug levels.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

MentaBiotics may be worth considering if you're interested in gut health and cognitive support, but it carries real interactions with blood pressure drugs, certain antibiotics, and several other common medications. If you take any prescription medication — especially for blood pressure, anticonvulsants, or blood thinning — check this product against your exact meds before starting.

Talk with your pharmacist to be sure it's safe for your specific situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 13 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about MentaBiotics, straight from the product label.

Brand Amare
Net contents 7.4 Ounce(s); 210 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 20, 2024
DSLD ID 315563
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for MentaBiotics by Amare, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
7 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
7 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates5 Gram(s)2%
L-Glutamine0 NP--
Total Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Bifidobacterium longum R01750 NP--
Suntheanine0 NP--
Lactobacillus rhamnosus R00110 NP--
Lactobacillus helveticus R00520 NP--
Total Fibers5 Gram(s)--
Bimuno0 NP--
IsoFiber0 NP--
Amare GBX+ Proprietary Blend0 NP--
Applephenon Asian Apple Fruit Extract0 NP--
Enovita0 NP--
Enzogenol0 NP--
MW3 Prebiotic Proprietary Blend5380 mg--
Sunfiber0 NP--
MW3 Probiotic Proprietary Blend0 NP--
Phytobiotic Proprietary Blend75 mg--
Digestive Performance Proprietary Blend160 mg--
ProDigest0 NP--

Other ingredients: Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Stevia Leaf Extract

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

Advanced gut-brain nutrition

Sugar free

Precautions

Contains milk and soy. Milk and soy ingredients are used in the growth/culture media to nourish our probiotic bacteria during the production process, but the finished probiotics do not contain appreciable levels of milk or soy.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

MentaBiotics by Amare label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

MentaBiotics label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in MentaBiotics by Amare

These are the 11 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size7 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Total Fibers

5 Gram(s) per serving

MW3 Prebiotic Proprietary Blend

5380 mg per serving
  • › Bimuno
  • › IsoFiber
  • › Sunfiber

MW3 Probiotic Proprietary Blend

0 NP per serving

Phytobiotic Proprietary Blend

75 mg per serving

Digestive Performance Proprietary Blend

160 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Stevia Leaf Extract. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

MentaBiotics by Amare Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against MentaBiotics?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,398Drugs
47 Major 1,236 Moderate 115 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Suntheanine 565
Bifidobacterium longum R0175 182
Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 182
L-Glutamine 50

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in MentaBiotics interact with 1,398 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 11 ingredients in MentaBiotics interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Suntheanine Bifidobacterium longum R0175 Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 L-Glutamine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in MentaBiotics with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Suntheanine3 drug types · 565 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theanine might lower blood pressure, potentiating the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research shows that theanine can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive animals. Theoretically, concomitant use of theanine and antihypertensive drugs might potentiate the antihypertensive activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, theanine might have additive sedative effects when used in conjunction with CNS depressants. However, it is unclear if this concern is clinically relevant.
Theoretically, theanine may compete with glutamate and/or increase plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, which could cause CNS depression. In one clinical study, some subjects taking oral theanine reported drowsiness.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Clinical studies regarding the effects of L-theanine on serotonin levels are conflicting. Some studies suggest it can increase serotonin levels in the brain while others report that it may decrease them. Nevertheless, there have been no reports of l-theanine being a causative agent in serotonergic-related side effects or serotonin syndrome.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence C
Suntheanine full monograph & interactions

Bifidobacterium longum R01751 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium longum with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. longum.
Since B. longum preparations usually contain live and active organisms, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. longum preparations by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bifidobacterium longum R0175 full monograph & interactions

Lactobacillus helveticus R00521 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus helveticus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. helveticus.
Lactobacillus helveticus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. helveticus preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 full monograph & interactions

L-Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Glutamine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for MentaBiotics, from the product label.

Amare

See all Amare products
Name
Amare
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

MentaBiotics by Amare: Common Questions

Does MentaBiotics by Amare interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, MentaBiotics has a known interaction with 1,398 medications, including 47 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
MentaBiotics contains 11 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take MentaBiotics if I'm pregnant?
The data are mixed by ingredient. L-glutamine's pregnancy safety isn't fully established — there isn't enough data to say either way — so talk with your doctor. Theanine should be avoided because there isn't enough safety data. Apple and grape extracts as concentrates in supplements also lack pregnancy safety data, though whole apples and grapes as food are fine. Discuss this product with your OB or pharmacist for personalized advice.
Will this help with anxiety?
Theanine in the formula is possibly effective for general cognitive function, but we don't have established evidence in our data for generalized anxiety disorder specifically. The probiotics Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium also have insufficient evidence for anxiety in the data we hold. If anxiety is your main concern, talk with your doctor about proven treatments.
What should I expect as side effects?
The most common side effects come from L-glutamine and include bloating, flatulence, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and gastrointestinal pain — especially at higher doses. Theanine may cause headaches or drowsiness. The probiotics rarely cause abdominal discomfort or gas. Most people tolerate the product without problems, but these effects are possible.
Can I take MentaBiotics with my antibiotics?
The probiotic strains in this powder (Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus helveticus) may be killed by antibiotics, making the probiotics less effective. It's best to separate them by a few hours — take your antibiotic at one time and the supplement at another. Ask your pharmacist for the best timing for your specific antibiotic.
Will this work better if I take it every day?
We don't have data on long-term daily use in our records. Theanine's long-term safety is not well studied. For probiotics, consistency may matter for gut health, but we don't have specific effectiveness data from the product itself. Talk with your healthcare provider about how long to use it and whether it's helping.
Is there anything in this product I should know about if I have food allergies?
Apples and grapes can cause allergic reactions in people allergic to other fruits in the same families (like peach, pear, almond for apples; or other berries for grapes). Rare cases of anaphylaxis have been reported. If you have any known fruit allergies, check the ingredient list and talk with your pharmacist before trying this product.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if MentaBiotics is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

MentaBiotics label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind MentaBiotics’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Bifidobacterium Longum

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bifidobacterium longum is a 'friendly' bacterium found naturally in the human gut and used as a probiotic. It is generally well tolerated and is most studied for digestive issues, though evi...

Read the full Bifidobacterium Longum monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lactobacillus Helveticus

Interacts with 182 drugs

Lactobacillus helveticus is a lactic acid bacterium used as a probiotic, often combined with other strains in mood, gut, and general wellness products. Early research is interesting—especial...

Read the full Lactobacillus Helveticus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Theanine

Interacts with 565 drugs

Theanine (usually L-theanine) is an amino acid found naturally in tea leaves that many people take to feel calmer and less stressed without strong drowsiness. Early research suggests it may...

Read the full Theanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glutamine

Interacts with 50 drugs

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...

Read the full Glutamine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

MentaBiotics's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 90 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

Bifidobacterium Longum 21 references
  1. Ha GY, Yang CH, Kim H, Chong Y. Case of sepsis caused by Bifidobacterium longum. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:1227-8.
  2. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  3. Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. PubMed
  4. Rautava S, Kainonen E, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Maternal probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and breast-feeding reduces the risk of eczema in the infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(6):1355-60. PubMed
  5. Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178.
  6. Pellonperä O, Vahlberg T, Mokkala K, et al. Weight gain and body composition during pregnancy: a randomised pilot trial with probiotics and/or fish oil. Br J Nutr. 2020 Nov 4:1-11. PubMed
  7. Pellonperä O, Mokkala K, Houttu N, et al. Efficacy of fish oil and/or probiotic intervention on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in an at-risk group of overweight and obese women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial PubMed
  8. Shahriari A, Karimi E, Shahriari M, Aslani N, Khooshideh M, Arab A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A parallel double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial PubMed
  9. Esaiassen E, Hjerde E, Cavanagh JP, Simonsen GS, Klingenberg C; Norwegian Study Group on Invasive Bifidobacterial Infections. Bifidobacterium bacteremia: Clinical characteristics and a genomic approach to assess pathogenicity. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(7) PubMed
  10. Enomoto T, Sowa M, Nishimori K, et al. Effects of bifidobacterial supplementation to pregnant women and infants in the prevention of allergy development in infants and on fecal microbiota. Allergol Int 2014;63(4):575-85. PubMed
  11. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Dear Healthcare Provider Letter: Warning Regarding Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants. September 2023. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/172606/download?attachment. Accessed November 1, 2023.
  12. Pillai A, Tan J, Paquette V, Panczuk J. Does probiotic bacteremia in premature infants impact clinically relevant outcomes? A case report and updated review of literature. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;39:255-259. PubMed
  13. Sabaté JM, Iglicki F. Effect of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 on disease severity and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2022;28(7):732-744.
  14. Malaguarnera M, Greco F, Barone G, Gargante MP, Malaguarnera M, Toscano MA. Bifidobacterium longum with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52(11) PubMed
  15. Zbinden A, Zbinden R, Berger C, Arlettaz R. Case series of Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia in three preterm infants on probiotic therapy. Neonatology 2015;107(1):56-9.
  16. Tamaki H, Nakase H, Inoue S, et al. Efficacy of probiotic treatment with Bifidobacterium longum 536 for induction of remission in active ulcerative colitis: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Dig Endosc 2016;28(1):67-74.
  17. Bertelli C, Pillonel T, Torregrossa A, et al. Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia in preterm infants receiving probiotics. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60(6):924-7. PubMed
  18. Esaiassen E, Cavanagh P, Hjerde E, Simonsen GS, Støen R, Klingenberg C. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis bacteremia in 3 extremely preterm infants receiving probiotics. Emerg Infect Dis 2016;22(9):1664-6.
  19. Tena D, Losa C, Medina MJ, Sáez-Nieto JA. Peritonitis caused by Bifidobacterium longum: case report and literature review. Anaerobe 2014;27:27-30. PubMed
  20. Sangkanjanavanich S, Pradubpongsa P, Mitthamsiri W, Sangasapaviliya A, Boonpiyathad T. Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 efficacy in patients with uncontrolled asthma: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022;129(6):790-792. PubMed
  21. Wilson HL, Ong CW. Bifidobacterium longum vertebrodiscitis in a patient with cirrhosis and prostate cancer. Anaerobe 2017;47:47-50. PubMed

See these in context on the Bifidobacterium Longum monograph →

Theanine 6 references
  1. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M. Hypotensive effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1998;62:1065-8.
  2. Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., and Scholey, A. B. The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biol.Psychol. 2008;77(2):113-122. PubMed
  3. Yokogoshi, H., Kato, Y., Sagesaka, Y. M., Takihara-Matsuura, T., Kakuda, T., and Takeuchi, N. Reduction effect of theanine on blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 1995;59(4):615-618. PubMed
  4. Lyon MR, Kapoor MP, Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(4):348-
  5. Hidese S, Ota M, Wakabayashi C, et al. Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017;29(2):72-9.
  6. Tsuchiya T, Honda H, Oikawa M, et al. Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2016;21(6):1085-90. PubMed

See these in context on the Theanine monograph →

Lactobacillus Helveticus 2 references
  1. Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
  2. Rossi F, Amadoro C, Gasperi M, Colavita G. Lactobacilli infection case reports in the last three years and safety implications. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1178. PubMed

See these in context on the Lactobacillus Helveticus monograph →

Apple 16 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Munoz C, et al. Reduction of fexofenadine bioavailability by fruit juices. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69:P21.
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See these in context on the Apple monograph →

Grape 34 references
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  10. Schaefer, E., Peil, H., Ambrosetti, L., and Petrini, O. Oedema protective properties of the red vine leaf extract AS 195 (Folia vitis viniferae) in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. A 6-week observational clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschun PubMed
  11. Nishikawa, M., Ariyoshi, N., Kotani, A., Ishii, I., Nakamura, H., Nakasa, H., Ida, M., Nakamura, H., Kimura, N., Kimura, M., Hasegawa, A., Kusu, F., Ohmori, S., Nakazawa, K., and Kitada, M. Effects of continuous ingestion of green tea or grape seed extra
  12. de Lange, D. W., Scholman, W. L., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., Akkerman, J. W., and van de Wiel, A. Alcohol and polyphenolic grape extract inhibit platelet adhesion in flowing blood. Eur.J Clin.Invest 2004;34(12):818-824. PubMed
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  15. de Lange, D. W., Verhoef, S., Gorter, G., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., van de Wiel, A., and Akkerman, J. W. Polyphenolic grape extract inhibits platelet activation through PECAM-1: an explanation for the French paradox. Alcohol Clin.Exp.Res 2007;31(8):1308-1314 PubMed
  16. Etheridge, A. S., Black, S. R., Patel, P. R., So, J., and Mathews, J. M. An in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 inhibition and P-glycoprotein interaction with goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng extracts and their constitu
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See these in context on the Grape monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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