Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Genestra Brands

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Phyto-Gen Calm-gen against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen is a dietary supplement by Genestra Brands with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for anxiety and stress, trouble sleeping, colds and flu symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 564 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Fig Bud Extract, Hawthorn Bud Extract, Silver Linden Bud Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Phyto-Gen Calm-gen by Genestra Brands

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Phyto-Gen Calm-gen by Genestra Brands — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Phyto-Gen Calm-gen by Genestra Brands

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen contains three active ingredients: silver linden bud extract, fig bud extract, and hawthorn bud extract — each used traditionally to support relaxation and calm. These are delivered in a liquid form with water, ethanol (alcohol), and glycerin as inactive ingredients to carry the extracts.

The product is a concentrated herbal blend designed for easy dosing, though the safety data on these bud extracts as medicinal products remains limited compared to their use as teas or foods.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

The label doesn't state a purpose we can grade — see each ingredient's own graded uses on its monograph instead.

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.

The evidence supporting these ingredients is not yet established in our data. Linden, fig, and hawthorn each carry effectiveness ratings of insufficient reliable evidence for their traditional uses — including anxiety and relaxation — meaning clinical trials have not produced strong enough proof that they work for these purposes.

This does not mean they don't work, only that we don't have robust data yet to confirm it.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Linden Fig Hawthorn

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Linden is generally well tolerated as a tea, but human safety data are limited; the facts advise checking with your doctor before use because safety is not well studied. One case report exists of an allergic reaction to linden pollen in tea and one of contact irritation (urticaria) from a linden extract shampoo.

Fig fruit is a safe food for most people; however, concentrated leaf extracts (like this bud extract) lack safety data. Orally, fig fruit is well tolerated in food amounts.

Topically and with sun exposure, fig leaf can cause photodermatitis (sun-triggered burns), sometimes severe enough to require hospital care. Hawthorn is generally well tolerated in studies, but it carries rare reports of multiorgan allergic reactions, bronchitis, and heart effects like palpitations and circulation failure — particularly concerning if you have a heart condition.

The facts advise against use in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety information.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Linden Fig Hawthorn

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Fig, Hawthorn, Linden.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 564 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Phyto-Gen Calm-gen, double-check with your pharmacist or doctor if you take nitrates or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (sildenafil/Viagra, others) — Major risk of severe blood-pressure drops. Also flag beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, blood thinners, digoxin, diabetes drugs, insulin, photosensitizing antibiotics (quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfa drugs, amitriptyline), or lithium.

No interactions are documented in our data for any ingredient beyond those listed.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is intended for relaxation, but the evidence that it works isn't established yet. If you have heart disease, take blood pressure or heart medications, use diabetes drugs, or are pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting it — the interactions and safety gaps are significant enough that you need personalized advice.

Even if you're healthy, check your exact medications against the interaction tool on this page first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 14, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Phyto-Gen Calm-gen, straight from the product label.

Brand Genestra Brands
Barcode (UPC) 883196121113
Net contents 15 mL; 0.51 Fluid Ounce(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 14, 2023
DSLD ID 303475
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Phyto-Gen Calm-gen by Genestra Brands, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.28 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
0.28 mL
Servings per container
53
UPC/BARCODE
883196121113
IngredientAmount% DV
Silver Linden Bud Extract0.09 mL--
Fig Bud Extract0.09 mL--
Hawthorn Bud Extract0.09 mL--

Other ingredients: Water, Purified, Ethanol, Glycerin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommended dose: Take 10 drops once daily or as recommended by your health professional. Invert bottle to 45 degrees and shake lightly for drops to fall directly into mouth or in 1/4 oz of water.

Precautions

Warning: If you are pregnant or lactating, have any health condition or are taking any medication, consult your health professional before use.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Use only if safety seal is intact.

This product was sealed for your protection. Do not use if contents are open or damaged.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Formula

Silver linden Fig Hawthorn

General Statements

Contents may not fill package in order to accommodate required labeling. Please rely on stated quantity. Scan to learn about our quality excellence

Servings per container about 53

Formulation

Gluten free Dairy free Soy free

Vegan

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen by Genestra Brands label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Phyto-Gen Calm-gen by Genestra Brands

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.28 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container53 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Silver Linden Bud Extract

Interacts with
1 drug
0.09 mL per serving

Linden (also called lime flower) is a traditional herbal tea long used to calm nerves, ease cold symptoms, and support restful sleep. Strong human evi...

Silver Linden Bud Extract monograph & interactions

Fig Bud Extract

Interacts with
410 drugs
0.09 mL per serving

Fig (Ficus carica) is a common fruit that has long been used as a gentle food remedy for constipation, and its leaves are used traditionally for blood...

Fig Bud Extract monograph & interactions

Hawthorn Bud Extract

Interacts with
191 drugs
0.09 mL per serving Form: Crataegus laevigata Bud Extract

Hawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when...

Hawthorn Bud Extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Purified, Ethanol, Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen by Genestra Brands Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Phyto-Gen Calm-gen?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
564Drugs
14 Major 550 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Fig Bud Extract 410
Hawthorn Bud Extract 191
Silver Linden Bud Extract 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Phyto-Gen Calm-gen interact with 564 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in Phyto-Gen Calm-gen interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Fig Bud Extract Hawthorn Bud Extract Silver Linden Bud Extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Phyto-Gen Calm-gen with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Fig Bud Extract3 drug types · 410 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, fig leaf might enhance the blood glucose lowering effects of hypoglycemic drugs.
A small clinical study in patients with type 1 diabetes shows that consuming a tea made from fig leaves modestly reduces postprandial glucose levels and insulin requirements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Insulin

Fig leaf may enhance the blood glucose lowering effects of insulin.
A small clinical study in patients with type 1 diabetes shows that consuming a tea made from fig leaves modestly reduces postprandial glucose levels and insulin requirements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, fig might increase the risk of photosensitivity when used in combination with photosensitizing drugs.
Many cases of photodermatitis from fig leaf have been reported. Some drugs that also cause photosensitivity include amitriptyline (Elavil), quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, others), sulfa drugs (Septra, Bactrim, others), and tetracycline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fig Bud Extract full monograph & interactions

Hawthorn Bud Extract6 drug types · 191 drugs

Nitrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract. However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beta-Blockers

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure and heart rate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Hawthorn appears to improve cardiac output; however, hawthorn does not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Case reports suggest that at least one species of hawthorn root extract (Crataegus mexicana) may produce adverse effects similar to digoxin and can cross-react with digoxin assays, leading to falsely elevated plasma digoxin levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hawthorn Bud Extract full monograph & interactions

Silver Linden Bud Extract1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Theoretically, due to its potential diuretic effects, linden might increase the effects and adverse effects of lithium.
Linden is thought to have diuretic properties. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Silver Linden Bud Extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Phyto-Gen Calm-gen, from the product label.

Genestra Brands

Name
Seroyal USA
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
ZipCode
15275
Phone Number
1-888-737-6925
Web Address
seroyal.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen by Genestra Brands: Common Questions

Does Phyto-Gen Calm-gen by Genestra Brands interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Phyto-Gen Calm-gen has a known interaction with 564 medications, including 14 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Phyto-Gen Calm-gen contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The facts advise against hawthorn in pregnancy and breastfeeding because there isn't enough safety information. Linden safety data in pregnancy and lactation are also limited, and fig bud extracts (as concentrated products) are less studied than fig fruit as food. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking it — they can weigh the risks and benefits for your individual situation.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure medication?
That depends on which medication. If you take beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or nitrates, hawthorn may amplify their effects and lower your blood pressure too much. Check your exact drug with your pharmacist or doctor before starting — they'll know whether it's safe or if you need a dose adjustment.
Does this product actually help with anxiety or calm?
We don't have reliable clinical evidence yet that these ingredients work for anxiety or relaxation. They're used traditionally for that purpose, but the science hasn't confirmed it. If you're looking for something proven to help anxiety, talk with your doctor about your options.
What's the alcohol content?
This is a liquid extract with ethanol as one of the inactive ingredients, so yes, it contains alcohol. If you need to avoid alcohol — for medical, religious, or personal reasons — ask your pharmacist about the percentage or consider a different form.
Can I take this with my diabetes medication?
Fig in this product may enhance the blood-sugar-lowering effects of your diabetes drugs or insulin, potentially causing your blood sugar to drop too low. Check with your pharmacist or doctor before taking it — they may need to monitor your levels or adjust your dose.
What if I'm on an antibiotic and take this product?
If your antibiotic is a photosensitizing drug (certain quinolones, tetracyclines, or sulfa drugs), the fig in this product might increase your risk of severe sun sensitivity and burns. Avoid excessive sun exposure if you're taking both, and talk to your pharmacist to confirm your specific antibiotic.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Phyto-Gen Calm-gen’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Linden

Interacts with 1 drug

Linden (also called lime flower) is a traditional herbal tea long used to calm nerves, ease cold symptoms, and support restful sleep. Strong human evidence for these uses is lacking, but the...

Read the full Linden monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Fig

Interacts with 410 drugs

Fig (Ficus carica) is a common fruit that has long been used as a gentle food remedy for constipation, and its leaves are used traditionally for blood sugar and coughs. The fruit is a safe a...

Read the full Fig monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Hawthorn

Interacts with 191 drugs

Hawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when added to standard care. However, the ev...

Read the full Hawthorn monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Phyto-Gen Calm-gen's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 40 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Linden 2 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.

See these in context on the Linden monograph →

Fig 13 references
  1. Gandolfo M, Baeza M, De Barrio M, Anaphylaxis after eating figs. Allergy 2001;56:462-3. PubMed
  2. Serraclara A, Hawkins F, Perez C, et al. Hypoglycemic action of an oral fig-leaf decoction in type-I diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1998;39:19-22. PubMed
  3. Rubnov S, Kashman Y, Rabinowitz R, et al. Suppressors of cancer cell proliferation from fig (Ficus carica) resin: isolation and structure elucidation. J Nat Prod 2001;64:993-6.
  4. Dechamp C, Bessot JC, Pauli G, Deviller P. First report of anaphylactic reaction after fig (Ficus carica) ingestion. Allergy 1995;50:514-6.
  5. Zaynoun ST, Aftimos BG, Abi Ali L, et al. Ficus carica; isolation and quantification of the photoactive components. Contact Dermatitis 1984;11:21-5.
  6. Lembo G, Lo Presti M, Balato N. Phytophotodermatitis due to ficus carica. Photodermatol 1985;2:119-20.
  7. Bollero, D., Stella, M., Rivolin, A., Cassano, P., Risso, D., and Vanzetti, M. Fig leaf tanning lotion and sun-related burns: case reports. Burns 2001;27(7):777-779. PubMed
  8. Ozdamar, E., Ozbek, S., and Akin, S. An unusual cause of burn injury: fig leaf decoction used as a remedy for a dermatitis of unknown etiology. J.Burn Care Rehabil. 2003;24(4):229-233. PubMed
  9. Munteanu, M. Contact dermatitis to the sap of fig-tree. Rev.Med.Chir Soc.Med.Nat.Iasi 1989;93(3):602.
  10. Lembo, G., Lo, Presti M., and Balato, N. Phytophotodermatitis due to ficus carica. Photodermatol. 1985;2(2):119-120.
  11. Micali, G., Nasca, M. R., and Musumeci, M. L. Severe phototoxic reaction secondary to the application of a fig leaves' decoction used as a tanning agent. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(3):212-213. PubMed
  12. Bonamonte D, Foti C, Lionetti N, Rigano L, Angelini G. Photoallergic contact dermatitis to 8-methoxypsoralen in Ficus carica. Contact Dermatitis. 2010;62(6):343-8.
  13. Pinto AR, Machado Cunha I, Rebelo Gomes E. Fig Tree-Induced Phytophotodermatitis: A Case Report on the Perils of a Hobby. Cureus 2023;15(7):e41888. PubMed

See these in context on the Fig monograph →

Hawthorn 25 references
  1. Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.. PubMed
  3. Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow MS. Hawthorn. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:605-12.
  4. Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, et al. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1255-63. PubMed
  5. Pittler MH, Guo R, and Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane.Database.Syst Rev 2008:CD005312. PubMed
  6. Zick SM, Vautaw BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11:990-99. PubMed
  7. Werner NS, Duschek S, and Schandry R. D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly - a randomized, placebo controlled double blind study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:1077-82. PubMed
  8. Dalli E, Colomer E, Tormos MC, et al. Crataegus laevigata decreases neutrophil elastase and has hypolipidemic effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2011;18:769-75. PubMed
  9. Maek-a-nantawat W, Phonrat B, Dhitavat J, et al. Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2009;40:494-501.
  10. Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al. Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2012;12:26. PubMed
  11. Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen.Pract 2006;56:437-43.
  12. Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Pittler MH, et al. Adverse-event profile of Crataegus spp.: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2006;29:523-35. PubMed
  13. Tankanow R, Tamer HR, Streetman DS, et al. Interaction study between digoxin and a preparation of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha). J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;43:637-42. DOI
  14. Tauchert, M., Gildor, A., and Lipinski, J. [High-dose Crataegus extract WS 1442 in the treatment of NYHA stage II heart failure]. Herz 1999;24(6):465-474.
  15. Horoz, M., Gok, E., Genctoy, G., Ozcan, T., Olmaz, R., Akca, M., Kiykim, A., and Gurses, I. Crataegus orientalis associated multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure. Intern.Med 2008;47(23):2039-2042. PubMed
  16. Dalli, E., Valles, J., Cosin-Sales, J., Santos, M. T., Moscardo, A., Milara, J., and Sotillo, J. F. Effects of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Thromb.Res 2011;128(4):398-400. PubMed
  17. Rogov VD. [Toxiderma due to the fruits of the hawthorn]. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1984;7(7):46-47.
  18. Loew D, Albrecht M, and Podzuweit H. Efficacy and tolerability of a Hawthorn preparation in patients with heart failure Stage I and II according to NYHA - a surveillance study. Phytomedicine 1996;3(Suppl 1):92.
  19. Rababa'h AM, Altarabsheh SE, Haddad O, Deo SV, Obeidat Y, Al-Azzam S. Hawthorn Herb Increases the Risk of Bleeding after Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Heart Surg Forum 2016;19(4):E175-9. PubMed
  20. Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshaw N. Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on platelet function in albino wistar rats. Thromb Res 2012;130(1):75-80. PubMed
  21. Vibes J, Lasserre B, Gleye J, Declume C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn) flower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;50(4):173-5. PubMed
  22. Rogers KL, Grice ID, Griffiths LR. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and 5-HT release by extracts of Australian plants used traditionally as headache treatments. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000;9(4):355-63. PubMed
  23. Zhou CC, Huang XX, Gao PY, et al. Two new compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida and their antithrombotic activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2014;16(2):169-74.
  24. Palmer KG, Lebin JA, Cronin MT, Mazor SS, Burns RA. Crataegus mexicana (Tejocote) Exposure Associated with Cardiotoxicity and a Falsely Elevated Digoxin Level. J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(4):295-298. PubMed
  25. Espinosa J, Bassett R, Lucerna A, Finn D. Hawthorne root (Crataegus mexicana) toxicity. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;78:242.e5-242.e6. PubMed

See these in context on the Hawthorn monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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